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One Storey
Estimates
Accurate estimates build trust with
clients and set the foundation for
successful project delivery.

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CONCRETE CONCRETE PROPORTION

Estimating the proportions for concrete involves determining the
This involves estimating the amount of concrete required
right mix of cement, sand, aggregate, and water (the "mix design").
for foundations, slabs, and other structural elements. The
The general proportions for a standard concrete mix might be 1
cost will include the materials, labor, and equipment used
to mix and pour the concrete. part cement, 2 parts sand, and 4 parts aggregate, but this can vary
depending on strength requirements and environmental
conditions.

CONCRETE COLUMN
The concrete column estimate involves determining the volume of
concrete needed. The formula typically used is:
Volume = Base Area × Height
The base area is calculated from the column's dimensions (length ×
width), and the height is the column’s vertical measurement.

CONCRETE BEAMS
Estimating concrete beams involves calculating the volume of
concrete required. The formula is similar to columns:
Volume = Cross-sectional Area × Length
The cross-sectional area depends on the beam’s width and depth,
and the length is the beam’s span.

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MASONRY
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)

The quantity of CHBs required is based on the

wall area. First, you calculate the total area of the
wall to be constructed, then divide by the area of
one block (usually measured in square meters).
Don’t forget to account for mortar gaps in
between blocks.

MORTAR

Estimating mortar involves determining the total

volume needed for the joints between blocks or
bricks. Mortar volume is typically calculated
based on the number of blocks and the thickness
of joints (usually 10–15 mm).

PLASTERING

The plastering estimate is done by calculating

the surface area of the walls, ceilings, or other
surfaces to be plastered. The general formula is:
Area = Height × Length
Multiply by the plaster thickness and account for
wastage.
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METAL REINFORCEMENT
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB)

Estimation of reinforcement for CHB involves determining the amount

of steel reinforcement required to tie the blocks together. This is usually
done according to local codes or structural drawings and depends on
the load and span requirements.

FOOTING REINFORCEMENT

Footing reinforcement estimation involves calculating the amount of

steel required for the base of the structure. It includes the number of
steel bars, their sizes, and the length needed based on the size of the
footing.

COLUMN REINFORCEMENT

Similar to footing reinforcement but specifically for the columns. This

requires knowing the column’s size and the strength requirements to
determine the quantity and size of reinforcement steel bars.

BEAM REINFORCEMENT

For beams, reinforcement estimation includes calculating the number

and size of steel bars needed for both the top and bottom of the beam,
as well as stirrups (reinforcement in between the bars).
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LUMBER
WOOD POST DOOR FRAME

The number of wood posts required is Door frames are estimated based on
determined by spacing and load the number of doors and the size of
requirements. Typically, posts are each frame. You’ll need to account for
placed at regular intervals based on the width, height, and material
the design (e.g., 6 feet apart). thickness.

CEILING JOIST WINDOW FRAME

The number of ceiling joists depends Like door frames, the number of
on the size of the ceiling and the window frames depends on the
spacing between each joist. Usually, number of windows and their
joists are spaced 16 or 24 inches apart. dimensions.

CEILING BOARD HEADER AND SILL

Ceiling board estimation involves The quantity of headers and sills is

calculating the total area to be based on the number of openings
covered by the boards (length × width (doors and windows) in the building,
of the ceiling) and dividing by the area and their required sizes based on
of one board. structural needs.

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FORM FORMS OF BEAMS

SCAFFOLDING Similar to columns, forms are required for beams, and these
are estimated based on the beam’s length, width, and height.

AND STAGING SCAFFOLDING FOR COLUMNS

Scaffolding for columns is estimated based on the height and

number of columns. The scaffolding must support the weight
FORMS OF COLUMNS of workers, materials, and tools.

Forms for columns are needed to hold the concrete in SCAFFOLDING FOR BEAMS
place until it sets. The number and size of forms are
determined by the column dimensions and height. Scaffolding for beams depends on the number and span of the
beams to be constructed, ensuring stability during the pouring
and curing process.

SCAFFOLDING FOR CONCRETE SLAB

The amount of scaffolding required for a slab is estimated

based on the slab size and height from the ground.

FORMS FOR CONCRETE SLAB

Estimating forms for concrete slabs involves calculating the

total area of the slab and determining the number and size of
form panels needed.
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ROOFING
Estimating roofing involves determining the area
of the roof (length × width), the materials needed
(tiles, shingles, etc.), and other components like
trusses or rafters.

TILEWORK
Estimating tilework involves calculating the area
to be tiled and then multiplying by the number
of tiles required per unit area, factoring in tile
wastage.

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SUMMARY
The final summary includes reviewing the
quantities of all materials required for the
construction, checking for possible errors, and
accounting for wastage.

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PAINTING
The amount of paint required is estimated based on
the surface area to be painted, considering the number
of coats and the type of paint.

PLUMBING Q.
Plumbing estimation includes calculating the lengths
of pipes, fittings, and other plumbing components
based on the building's water system design.

ELECTRICAL
Electrical estimation involves calculating the lengths of
wiring, number of outlets, switches, and light fixtures
needed for the electrical system.

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BILL OF QUANTITIES -
BOQ
The BOQ is a comprehensive document that lists all the materials, quantities,
and costs required for the entire construction project. It serves as a guide for
pricing, procurement, and budgeting.

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BOQ The BOQ is a comprehensive document that lists all the materials, quantities, and costs required for
the entire construction project. It serves as a guide for pricing, procurement, and budgeting.

FOOTING

Footing Estimate involves calculating the volume of concrete needed for the foundation. The footing's dimensions (width,
length, and depth) are given in the structural design. To estimate the volume of concrete:
Volume of Footing = Length × Width × Depth
Multiply by the number of footings (usually calculated per structural design or based on the number of columns and load
requirements).

WALL FOOTING

Wall footings are similar to regular footings but are used to support the walls. Estimation depends on the total length of the
walls and the wall thickness and depth of the footing.
Volume = Length of Wall × Width of Footing × Depth of Footing
For continuous walls, estimate for the total length of the wall.

COLUMN

The quantity of columns is based on the number and dimensions provided in the architectural and structural plans. To
estimate the volume of concrete for columns:
Volume of Column = Base Area × Height of Column
Base Area is calculated by the column’s width × depth. Multiply by the number of columns.

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BOQ The BOQ is a comprehensive document that lists all the materials, quantities, and costs required for
the entire construction project. It serves as a guide for pricing, procurement, and budgeting.

BEAM

Beams are typically estimated by their length and cross-sectional dimensions (width × height). To calculate the volume of
concrete:
Volume of Beam = Length × Width × Height
Multiply by the number of beams in the design, considering any variations in length or size.

SLAB ON GRADE

The slab on grade (or ground slab) involves calculating the area of the slab and the thickness of the concrete. The volume of
concrete is calculated by:
Volume of Slab = Area × Thickness
Area = Length × Width of the slab. The thickness is usually determined by the design and may vary based on local
conditions.

CHB WALL (CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK WALL)

For CHB Walls, you need to calculate the total area of the wall and then figure out how many blocks are needed:
Number of Blocks = Wall Area ÷ Area of One Block
The wall area is based on the height and length of the wall. Include mortar joints in the calculations.
Mortar Volume is estimated by calculating the volume between blocks, depending on joint thickness.

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BOQ The BOQ is a comprehensive document that lists all the materials, quantities, and costs required for
the entire construction project. It serves as a guide for pricing, procurement, and budgeting.

PLUMBING

Plumbing estimation involves calculating the lengths of pipes and fittings required for the entire water distribution system,
including supply and drainage:
Pipes: Estimate the lengths of supply pipes, drain pipes, and vent pipes needed, based on the building layout and plumbing
system design.
Fittings: Estimate the number of fittings (elbows, tees, reducers, etc.) based on the number of bends or connections.
Fixtures: Estimate the number of fixtures (sinks, toilets, showers) and associated connections.

ELECTRICAL WORKS

Estimating electrical works involves calculating the quantity of wiring, outlets, switches, and light fixtures:
Wiring: Estimate the total length of wire needed for the electrical circuits. This can be based on the number of rooms,
appliances, and fixtures.
Outlets and Fixtures: Calculate the number of electrical outlets, switches, and light fixtures based on the design of the house.
Conduits and Junction Boxes: Include these items in the estimation for electrical installation.

ROOFING

Roofing estimate involves determining the area of the roof, including both the surface area to be covered and the materials
required (e.g., trusses, shingles, tiles):
Roof Area = Length × Width of the roof
Based on the roofing design, calculate the number of trusses, purlins, and roof covering materials (such as shingles, metal
sheets, or tiles).
Include the material wastage allowance, which is typically 5–10%.
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 BOQ
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The BOQ is a comprehensive document that lists all the materials, quantities, and costs required for
the entire construction project. It serves as a guide for pricing, procurement, and budgeting.

PAINTING

Painting estimation involves calculating the surface area of walls, ceilings, and other painted surfaces:
Painted Surface Area = Height × Length of Walls + Ceiling Area
Factor in the number of coats required (usually 2–3) and the type of paint. Be sure to include the material wastage in your
estimate.
For doors and windows, subtract their area from the total painted surface area.

CEILING

Estimating the ceiling involves determining the area to be covered by ceiling boards or tiles:
Ceiling Area = Length × Width
If suspended ceilings or drywall are used, estimate based on the ceiling material’s size (e.g., gypsum boards or panels).

DOORS

The quantity of doors is based on the number of doors required by the design, including internal and external doors:
Door Quantity = Number of Doors
Multiply by the unit cost of doors (based on material, size, and type, such as wooden or metal).

TILES

Estimating tiles involves calculating the area of the floors or walls to be tiled:
Area to be Tiled = Length × Width of Floor or Wall
Divide by the area of one tile to calculate the number of tiles required. Factor in wastage (typically 5–10%).
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LIST ALL DETERMINE CONSIDER

COMPONENTS: QUANTITIES FOR WASTAGE:
EACH
COMPONENT: Add an allowance for
Break down the entire material wastage (usually
project into categories as For each part, calculate the 5–10%) in each category, as
shown above (footing, required quantities (e.g., materials tend to be
walls, beams, columns, volume of concrete, area of wasted during
etc.). walls, length of pipes, etc.). construction (e.g., broken
tiles, extra cement).

INCLUDE LABOR SUMMARIZE TOTAL ESTIMATE

AND OVERHEADS: COSTS:

Labor costs, equipment, Multiply the quantities by Sum up all the costs to get
and overheads (like the unit costs of each the total construction cost
transportation) are material or work to estimate for the project.
typically included in the estimate the total cost for
final BOQ estimates. each section.

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