GROUP1

FRAMEWORK
MORALITY
META ETHICS

COGNITIVISM
MORAL REALISM
ETHICAL SUBJECTIVISM

NON-COGNITIVISM
EMOTIVISM

MORAL UNIVERSALISM
MORAL RELATIVISM-

MORAL EMPIRICISM
EMPIRICISM
MORAL RATIONALISM-
RATIONALISM
MORAL INTUITIONISM-

NORMATIVE ETHICS-
ETHICAL NORMS-

NORMATIVE ETHICS - 3 KINDS

DEONTOLOGY-
DEON-
AKA NON- CONSEQUENTIALISM-

TELEOLOGY-
TELOS-
CONSEQUENTIALISM-

VIRTUE ETHICS

APPLIED ETHICS-
1. BIOETHICS-
2. ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS-
3. BUSINESS ETHICS-
4. SEXUAL ETHICS -
5. SOCIAL ETHICS-

GROUP2

SOCRATES-
PLATO-
ARISTOTLE-

THOMAS AQUINAS-

VIRTUE ETHICS-
VIRTUOUS PERSON-
VIRTUE-

ARISTOTLE-
VIRTUES ARE FREE CHOSEN N PRAISED IN OTHERS BECAUSE:
MORAL PERSON-
4 CARDINAL VIRTUES
GREEK
CHRISTIAN

GEORGIAS (PLATO)-
EUTHYPRO (SOCRATES) -

THEORY OF FORMS (PLATO)

ARISTOTLE -
SELF-REALIZATIONISM-
EUDAIMONISTIC-
ARETAIC
TELOS
3 PURPOSE

RATIONAL NATURE-
ETHICS-
HAPPINESS-
INTRINSIC GOOD-

HUMAN FLOURISHING
HEXIS-
GOLDEN MEAN-

4 BASIC MORAL VIRTUE (ARISTOTLE)

PHRONESIS-
ORTOS LOGOS-

THOMAS AQUINAS

LAW-

4 PRIMARY LAWS
1. ETERNAL LAW-
2. NATURAL LAW-
3. HUMAN LAW-
4. DIVINE LAW-

SYNDERESIS-

3 INCLINATIONS
MORALITY OF ACT IS DETERMINED

HABITS-
ACQUIRED HABITS
INFUSED HABITS-
2 KINDS OF INFUSED HABIT
1. MORAL -
2. THEOLOGICAL
CONVENTIONALISM-

GROUP 3
IMMANUEL KANT-

KANTIAN ETHICS-
REASON
GOOD WILL
INTRINSIC GOOD
HAPPINESS
PERSON OF GOOD WILL
MORAL ACT-
INCLINATION-
DUTY/ OBLIGATION-
ACTS FROM MOTIVE OF DUTY-
ACTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH DUTY-
PRUDENCE-
AUTHENTIC MORAL ACT
MAXIM

2 MAXIMS OF CONDUCT
HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE-
IMPERATIVE-
HYPOTHETICAL-

CONTINGENT-
DERIVATIVE-

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE
CATEGORICAL-

UNIVERSALIZABILITY-
END IN ITSELF-
GOLDEN RULE-
CI-

KANT-
PRINCIPLE OF RIGHTS-
RIGHTS THEORY-
CONCEPT OF RIGHTS BASED ETHICS-

NATURAL -
CONVENTIONAL-
RIGHTS BASED ETHICS SYSTEM-
RIGHT-

MORAL RIGHTS-
LEGAL RIGHTS-
HUMAN RIGHTS

GROUP 4
JEREMY BENTHAM N JOGN STUART MILL- UTILITARIANISM

JEREMT BENTHAM-
UTILITARIANISM-
TELEOLOGICAL ETHICAL SYSTEM-
CONSEQUENTIALIST-
ABSOLUTISTS-

UTILIS-
UTILITARIANISM-
HEDONIST
ACT UTILITARIANISM
RULE UTILITARIANISM-

BENTHAM
UTILITY-
PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY-

QUANTITATIVE HEDONIST
HEDONIC CALCULUS-

JOHN STUART MILL. - FAMOUS PROPONENT AFTE RBENTHAM

TREATISE, UTILITARIANISM IN 1863
GREATEST HAPPINESS PRINCIPLE- GREAT HAPPY OF GREAT NUMBER IS
MEASURE OF RIGHTN WRONG

1. REJECTS PURE QUANTITATIVE

2. INTRODUCE SECONDARY PRINCIPLE

EPICURUS- GOOD IS LIFE OF PLEASURE, BUT NOT ONLY SENSUAL PLEASURE

LOWER PLEASURE- PHYSICAL, ANIMALS, SEX, SOCRATES SATISFIED
HIGHER PLEASURE- INTELLECTUAL, ARTISTIC, ONLY HUMANS, POETRY
QUALITATIVE HEDONIST- HAPPINESS IS MOSTLY HIGHER PELASURE, NOT JUST
PHYSICAL
HAPPINESS AND UNHAPPINESS IS THE BASIS FOR GOD AND EVIL, PLEASURE N
PAIN IS BASIC MINIMUM

SECONDARY PRINCIPLE- USE PAST EXPERIENCES, TO SEE WHICH IS HAPPY AND

NOT
- PREVENT CALCULATION EVERYTIME
WE CANT FORESEE EVERYTHING, LONG TERM EFFECTS, PEOPLE AFFECTED
GOOD- NET BENEEFIT AFTER EFFECTS
COST BENEFIT CHARACTER- WEIGH PROS AND CONS

GROUP 5
JOHN RAWLS- AMERICAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER, MOST IMPORTANT IN 20 TH
CENT.
- REJECT UTILITARIANISM
SLAVERY- WRONG UNDER ALL CIRCUMSTANCE, NOT BECAUSE UNPRODUCTIVE

JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS- RAWLS CONCEPT OF JUSTICE, 2 PRINCIPLE, (BOOK)

THEORY OF JUSTICE)

1ST PRINCIPLE- LIBERTY PRINCIPLE- POLITICAL INST.

- EACH PERSON HAS EQUAL CLAIM TO BASIC LIBERTY
- SPEECH, DUE PROCESS, TRAVEL
- NOT MEANS OF PRODUCTION, MINES, FACTORY

2ND PRINCIPLE- INEQUALITY UNDER CONDITIONS

FAIR EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND THE DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE-
SOCIAL N POLITICAL

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INEQUALITY SATISY 2 THINGS

1. ATTACHED TO OFFICES ADND POSITIONS OPEN TO ALL (FAIR EQUALITY OF
OPPORTUNITY)
2. GREATEST BENEFIT OF LEAST ADVANTAGED PEOPLE (DIFFERENCE
PRINCIPLE)

SOCIETY CANT AVOID INEQUALITY, COZ OF CLASS INHERITANCE, LUCK

OFFICES AND POSITIONS- BEST JOBS IN PRIVATE N PUBLIC BUSINESS
- MUST BE OPEN TO EVERYBODY
DIFFERENCE PRINCIPLE, 1969 ESSAY, - DIFFERENCE IN WEALTH SHOULD
WORK FOR BENEFIT OF LEAST FAVORED- BOTTOM OF ECONOMIC LADDER,
UNSKILLED
- MAXIMIZE IMPROVEMENT OF LEAST ADVANTAGED

SOCIAL CONTRACT (JOHN LOCKE)- MEMBER OBEY LEADER FOR RIGHTS,

- SUBSCRIBE BY THOMAS JEFFERSON FOR DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
RAWLS’THOUGHT EXPERIMENT (SOCIAL POSITION)- IMAGINARY, VEIL OF
IGNORANCE, AMNESIA, INDIVS. DESIGN SOCIETY WITHOUT KNOWING ANYTHING
AVERAGE UTILITY- MAXIMIZE AVERAGE WEALTH OF PEOPLE

PRIMARY GOODS
1. WEALTH AND INCOME
2. RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
3. OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCEMENT
4. SELF RESPECT

MAXIMIN RULE- BEST CHOICE IS THE HIGHEST MINIMUM

RELIGION, UNFAIR

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE- ALLOCATION OF GOODS IN JUST SOCIETY

AVAILABLE, PROCESS, ALLOCATION, OCCUE IF ALLOCATED
NORM- DESIGNATED BEHAVIOR DESIGNATED AS NORMAL IN A SOCIETY

COMMON TYPES OF DISTRIBUTIVE NORMS

1. EQUITY- BASED ON INPUT, LARGE GROUPS
2. EQUALITY- REGARDLESS OF INOUT
3. POWER- HIGHER AUTHORITY
4. NEED- GREATEST NEED
5. RESPONSIBILTIY- MOST SHOULD DAHRE

DISTRIBUTIVE JSUTICE- FAIRNESS IN DISTRIBUTION, COMPENSATE

MSIFORTUNE, UNLUCKY

RELATED VIEW OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

EGALITARIAN- SET OF CLOSELY RELATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLITICAL
THEORIES FOR EQUAL RESOURCES
CAPITALIST LAISSEZ-FAIRE- PEOPLE PERFORM BASED ON INDIVIDUAL
INTEREST AND BENEFIT
PROPERTY OWNING DEMOCRACY- JUST SOCIETY, OWNERSHIP OF
PRODUCTION IS DISTRIBUTED TO WORST OFF
SOCIALIST- GOVERNMENT OR AUTHORITY CONTROLS PRODUCTION (SOVIET)
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM- WELFARE DEMOCRACY- SOCIAL INSURANCE TO
DISADVANATGED PERSON (JAPAN, DENMARK, SWEDEN, NETHER)

TAZATION- MEANS PEOPLE N GOV ACCOMPLISH RESPONSIBILITIES

- FINANCE EXPENDITURE THRU CHANGES, FREE EDUC, HEALTH
COMMUNISM- ALL GOVS, CHINA MAO ZEDONG
INCLUSIVE GROWTH- BENEFITS ALL IN SOCIETY

GROUP6
GLOBALIZATION- RENOVATE WORLD FROM SEPARATE TO INTERACTING
COMMUNITY
NATION STATE- ARTIFICIAL POLITICAL CONDOMINIUMS

PLURALISM- MORE THAN ONE PRINCIPLE/ BASIC SUBSTANCE

MORAL PLURALISM- ETHICAL/VALUE PLURALISM- CONFLICTING MROAL VALUE
EACH WORTHY OF RESPECT, EQUALLY CORRECT BUT CONFLICT
- METAETHICAL RATHER THAN NORMATIVE ETHICS OR SET OF VALUES
ISAIAH BERLIN- RUSSIA-BRITISH- POPULARIZED OBJECTIVE VALUE PLURALISM
MAX WEBER- GERMAN- BASIC VALUE ADDS CONFLICT
MORAL PLURALISM
- IS MIDDLE GROUND BETWEEN- THERES ONLY ONE RIGHT ANSWER AND THERE
IS NO WRONG ANSWER
- DIFFER FROM VALUE RELATIVISM- COZ PLURALISM ADMITS DIFFERENCES, WHEN
CRUCIAL
UNTENNABLE- DOESN’T MATTER WHAT VALUE MEANS DOESN’T MATTER WHAT
BEHAVIOR
AE MCGRATH- IF ONLY BELIEVE, WE WILL BOMB AND KILL

GLOBALIZATION- WORLD WIDE INTEGRATION OF GOVS, MARKET EXCHANGE N

TRADE
ANTHONY GIDDENS- INTENSIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIPS ,LINK DISTANT
LOCATIONS
TERRITORIAL SPACE- TOWN, VILLAGE, NATION

BEGAN AFTER WW2, AND 1980’S

DRIVEN BY
1. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT, REDUCED COST OF TRANSPO
2. BUSINESS ESCALATING LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AFTER WW2

1. WORLD BANK
2. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
3. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRAFDE- WTO

GAIL TVERBERG - 12 REASON WHY GLOBALIZATION IS PROBLEM, ONLINE

ARTICLE
- USE FINITE RESOURCES, CARBON EMISSIONS, OIL PRICE, DEPENDENCE, PULL
OTHERS

ETHICAL CHALLENGES
CONCENTRATE WEALTH INTO FEW, CAPITALIST DOMINATION
CONSE, FAIL TO MAXIMIZE HAPPY.
DEON, EXPLOITED IS TREATED AS MEANS
LOSE SOVEREIGNITY- IMF CONTROL POLICIES
ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE- GENERATE CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL
WARMING
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION- PROTECTIVE BLANKET THAT SHIELDS EARHT FROM
UV RAYS
GLOBAL BIOSPHERE- REDUCTION IN DIVERSITY, NUMBER OF SPECIES AND
VARIETY OF GENES
EXPLOSIVE POPULATION GROWTH- SURPASS CARRYING CAPACITY AND BUST
BIOSPHERE
INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM- PARTNER OF GLOBALIZATION FOR OZONE AND
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL COMMONS- INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM- RELATION OF HUAMN AND ENVIRONMENT,
PROTECTION

BUSINESS ETHICS- MORAL PRINCIPLE CONCERNING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT,

CORPORATE ISSUE
CHILD LABOR- GLOBALIZATION PAVED WAY FOR THIS
UNETHICAL IN EUROPE, IN ASIA, ITS NORMAL FOR INCOME
REDUCE COST BUT CAUSE LEGAL CONFLICTS
MUST ADD ENVI AND BUSINESS ETHICSIN STRATEGIC BUSINESS PROGRMAS

UNIVERSAL VALUE- GLOBAL ETHIC- SET OF UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED

PRINCIPLES AS FOUNDATION IN REGULATING GLOBAL INTERACTIONS
INTERCULTURAL DIALOUGE- TO DEVELOP RULES FOR EVERY SOCIETY
MATERIAL IS NOT HAND TO HAND WITH MORAL WEALTH

GROUP 7
MILLENNIALS-
- AKA GEN Y OR NET GENERATION,
- FOLLOWS AND CHILDREN OF GEN X N BABY BOOMERS
- LATE 70S TO EARLY 80S(START) AND 90S TO 2000S (END)
-
BIRTH YEAR OF GENERATIONS
GEN Z, IGEN, CENTENNIALS (1996 AND LATER)
MILLENNIALS, GEN Y (77-95)
GEN X, )65-76)
BABY BOOMERS (46-64)
TRADITIONALIST, SILENT GEN (45-BEFORE)

FILLINNIALS- FILIPINO MILLENIALS

- FAMILIAR WITH MEDIA N DIGITAL TEACH, GOOGLE
- LIBERAL APPROACH TO POLITICS

7 BASIC TRAITS OF MILLENIALS

1. SPECIAL
2. SHELTERED
3. CONFIDENT
4. TEAM ORIENTED
5. CONVENTIONAL
6. PRESSURED
7. ACHIEVING

SENSE OF ENTITLEMENT OR NARCISSISM- GENEREATION ME, NOT WE

ETHICAL OUTLOOK
MORE OPEN MINDED
MARIJUANA
DETACHED FROM INST, WORKWITH FRINEDS

PRAGMATIC IDEALISM- APPROACH TO SOCIAL CHANGE, MAKE WORLD BETTER

PLACE
BOOMERANG GENERATION- PETER PAN GEN. - DELAYING TITES OR PASSED TO
ADULTHOOD
MORE OPEN TO CHANGE, SELF IDENTIFY AS LIBERALS, SUPPROT PORGRESSIVE
DOMESTIC AGENDA
SUPPORT AFFORDABLE CONTRACEPTION, MORE PRO CHOICE
ABORTION- MOST RESPONSIBLE DECISION OF WOMAN
MARRIAGE IS OLD FASHIONED

TECH SAVVY- DIGITAL, DIVERSITY, MULTITASKING

SELF CENTERED, EXPECT MULTI CAREER, DRESS COMPORTABLE

SOCIAL NETWORK ABOUT COMPETITORS

REPORT MISCONDUCT
PUBLIC SERVICE

INDIVIDUALISM- SELF SNAPPING GENERATION, SELD CENTERED , ABDORBED

- SELF FOCUSED TIME IN LIFE
- NOT SLEFISH, JUST FEW SOCIAL RULES AND MORE FREEDOM TO BE SELF
DIRECTED

MORALITY IS SUBJECTIVE AND PERSONAL

MODERNIZED GOSPEL, GAVE PERSONAL SAVIOR BY PRAYING SINNERS PRAYER
SELF ESTEEM GENERATIONS

CONFLICT WITH PARENT, - BABY BOOMERS ERR THEM AS GREEDY

BOOMERS HAVE PASSAGE- EDUC, JOB, PARTNER, HOUSE, CAR, CHILD
FAILING ONE REFLECTS LACK OF MORAL FIBER

DIFFERENCE IN MILLENNIALS AND B BOOMERS

1. PROGRESSIVE ON SOCIAL ISSUES, GAY MARRIAGE, MARIJUANA
2. NO POLITICAL PARTY
3. LESS WELATHY
4. RELUCTANT TO GET MARRIED
5. LIVE WITH PARENT
6. SECULARISM AND HUMANISM, COZ OF GEN GAP

SECULARISM- NON THEISTIC BELIEF, NOT ACKNOWLEDGE DIVINE VIEWS,

ATHEISM
HUMANISM- VALUE OF HUMANS, MANOVER FAITH
HUMANIST- FROM ITALIAN UMANISTA MEANS TEACHER OF CLASSICAL
GREEK/LATIN
SECULAR HUMANISM- MORAL RULES ARE DERIVED FROM HUMAN EXPERIENCE
NO NEED RELIGION, FOR PEACEFUL LIFE AND NO ASSULT
NATURAL LAW- NATURAL BASIS OF ETHICS, ASSERT HUMAN NEED NOT
SCRIPTURES
- WE MAKE LAWS USING WHAT WE HATE
NATURAL BASIS OF MORALITY IS UNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDS
1. SECURITY, SAFETY, LOVE, SECURE FAMILY, TEACH CHILD
VALUELESS, COSMIC ROCK

GROUP 8
RELIGIOUS ETHICS- GOOD N BAD IN RELIGIOUS POV
CHRISTIAN ETHICS- BASED ON JESUS
ETHICS- SYSTEM OF MORAL PTINCIPLES N AFFECT DECISION N LIVES
RELIGION- BELIEFS OF DIVINE INVOLVMENT IN HUMAN LIFE
- ENGAGEMENT WITH SPIRITUAL, GOD,
SUPERNATURAL- WHATEVER TRANSCNED POWER OF NATURE OR HUMAN
AGENCY
RELIGION- FAITH, CREED, BELIEF SYSTEM, CONVICTION
RELIGION- ORGANIZED COLLECTION OF BELIEFS THAT RELATE TO HUMAN
EXISTENCE
HOLY SCRIPTURES, USED TO EXPLAIN MEANING N ORIGIN OF LIFE
DRAW RELIGIOUS LAWS, AND DETAILED RULE OF MORAL CONDUCT

RELIGION IS GOD REVEALS INSIGHTS ABOUT LIFE

BIBLE, TORAH- COMPLIED TEXTS OF DIVINE RIGHTS AKA REVELATION
ETHICS- TENETS OF REASON, NOT RATIOANLLY PROVABLE IS NOT JUSTIFIED
HUMAN REASON- GIFT FROM SUPERNATURAL GOD

CUT FLOWER THESIS BY GLEN C. GRABER

- MORALITY CANNOT SURVIVE IF TIES TO RELIGION IS CUT
FROM RUSSIAN LEO TOLSTOY, IF MORALITY IS CUT FROM RELIGION
CHILDREN WANTS TO PLANT FLOWER, PLUCK IT AND UNSATISFIED
NO RELIGION IS NO SINCERE MORALITY, NO ROOT NO REAL FLOWER
BASIL WILLEY- RELIGIONIST, CALLS ACTION TO REUNITE RELIGION N ETHICS
-THERES PROGRESSIVE DE CHRISTIANIZATION, NIHILISM AND TOTALITARIAN
CREEDS

WT STACE- SECULARISTS- SUPPORTS CUR FLOWER THESIS,

- CHAOS IS DUE TO MAN LOST OF FAITH

WILL AND ARIEL DURANT,- AGNOSTIC HISTORIANS

SHIT IS WORSE WITHOUT CHRISTIAN ETHICS, CHRUCH CUT SLAVERY
HUMANITY WONT SURVIVE WITHOUT RELIGION
SIMPLY, CUT DOESN’T MEAN SHIT, BUT TO HAVE MORAL MUST ADMIT RELIGION
FOUNDATION

THEISM- BELIEF IN GOD, GOD BASED MORALITY

THEISTIC ETHICS- SUPERNATURAL BEING ACLLED GOD IS FOUNDATION OF
MORALITY
- TRUE SOURCE OF MORAL LAWS,
X IS MORAL, GOD WANTS US TO DO IT
TO KNOW, READ BIBLE, SCIRPTURES AND WRITTEN IN HEARTS(CONSCIENCE)
- THEISM, ETHICS IS LINKED TO RELIGION N CONSIDERS FAITH AS PART OF MORAL
MORAL SUPERNATURALISM- EXPLAIN EXISTENCE OF OBJECTIVE ETHICAL
VALUES/MORAL LAW
THEISTIC VIEW JUSTIIFIES
1. UNLESS THERES GOD, THERES NO REASON TO BELIEVE IN ABSOLUTES
2. IF EVERYTHING IS RELATIVE, ONE CAN DO ANYTHING

DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS- NO ETHICS AT ALL, MERELY TELLS IS WHAT PEOPLE DO

GOD OR SUPERNATURAL BEING- MANS CREATOR, CAUSE OF MANS MORAL

DIMENSION
RELIGION- FROM LATIN LIGARE MEANS BIND BACK
- RELATION BETWEEN CREATION AN DCREATION, OBLIGATED TO LIVE UP TO
LAWSS
MORALITY- ABOVE AND BEYOND ORDINARY FACTS OF BEHAVIOR, BUT REAL
LAW, WE DIDN’T MAKE BUT IS PRESSED ON US

IF THERES MORAL LAW, THERES A MORAL GIVER, NOT JUST ASSEMBLE ITSELF
SOMEONE MADE IT AND WE OFFEND HIM IF WE BREAK IT

PROFESSOR TAYLOR-NON THEIST, SUPERNATURALISM PROVIDES SOUND BASIS

FOR MORALITY, JUSTIFY MORAL OBLIGATION AND ACCOUNTABILTIY, ITS BY GOD
- DON’T BELIEVE IN GOD , BUT IF GOD EXISTS, FOUNDATION IS SECURE
MORAL OBLIGATION IS MORE BINDING THAN POLITICAL OBLIGATION
SUPERNATURALISM- PROVIDES FOUNDATION FOR MORALITY

NON THEISTIC- NO MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY

LIFE-AFTER- ABSENT, END IS IN GRAVES,
NO FINAL REWARD OR PUNISHMENT OF ULTIMATE JUSTICE
NO MORAL LIABILITY, WICKED DEED IS NOT PUNISHED

DOSTOYEVSKY- RUSSIAN WRITER, IF THERES NO IMMORTALITY, ALL THINGS ARE

PERMITTED

IF THIS LIFE IS ALL THERE IS, IT DOESN’T MATTER HOW WE LIVE

NO MORAL VALUE AND ALL IS EXTINGUISHED IN DEATH AND IN HEAT DEATH OF
UNIVERSE

EUTHYPRO DILEMMA
MOST COMMON ATTACK AGAINST MORAL THEISM
PLATO WROTE, SOCRATES ASKED
GOOD BECAUSE GOD DESIRES OR VICE VERSA

IF GOD DESIRES BECAUSE ITS GOOD, THEN GOOD OR BAD IS INDEPENDENT OF

GOD AND THEISM IS CORRECT

IF GOOD BECAUSE GOD DESIRED, THEN SHIT IS GOOD IF GOD DESIRED