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21706_sequence and Series

The lesson note covers the topic of sequences and series, defining a sequence as a pattern of numbers and a series as the sum of those terms. It provides formulas for the nth term and the sum of terms in an arithmetic progression (A.P), along with examples and evaluations to illustrate the concepts. The document includes exercises for finding terms and sums in sequences.

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6 views

21706_sequence and Series

The lesson note covers the topic of sequences and series, defining a sequence as a pattern of numbers and a series as the sum of those terms. It provides formulas for the nth term and the sum of terms in an arithmetic progression (A.P), along with examples and evaluations to illustrate the concepts. The document includes exercises for finding terms and sums in sequences.

Uploaded by

emma6442072
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON NOTE FOR SS1

TOPIC: SEQUENCE AND SERIES

Sequence & Series

A sequence is a pattern of numbers arranged in a particular order. Each of the


number in the sequence is called a term. The terms are related to one another
according to a well defined rule.

Consider the sequence 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 …., 1 is the first term,(T1) 4 is the second
term(T2), 7 is the third term (T3).
The sum of the terms in a sequence is regarded as series. The series of the above
sequence is

1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 = 35

Formulas

Sn = n/2 (a + Tn)
But Tn = a + (n-1) d
Sn = n/2 (2a + (n-1) d)

The nth term of a Sequence

The nth term of a sequence whose rule is stated may be represented by Tn so that T1,
T2, T3etc represent the first term, second term, third term … etc respectively.

Arithmetic Mean

If a, b, c are three consecutive terms of an A.P, then the common difference, d,


equals

b – a = c – b = common difference.

b + b = a +c

2b = a + c

b = ½(a +c)
Examples

(i) Insert four arithmetic means between -5 and 10.

(ii) The 8th term of a linear sequence is 18 and the 12th term is 26. Find the
first term, the common difference and the 20th term.
Solution

(i) Let the sequence be -5, a, b, c, d, 10.

a = -5, T6 = 10, n =6.

Tn = a + (n-1) d
10 = -5 + (6 – 1) d

15 = 5d

d = 15/5 = 3
a = -5 + 3 = -2

b = -2 + 3 = 1

c=1+3=4

d=4+3=7

The numbers will be -5, -2, 1, 4, 7, 10.

(ii) T8 = a + 7d = 18, T12 = a +11d = 26


a + 7d = 18 ……………….. (i)

a + 11d =26 ……………….. (ii)

Subtract (i) from (ii)

4d = 8

d=2

Substitute for d = 2 in (i)


a + 7 (2) = 18

a = 18 – 14

a=4

T20 = a + (n – 1) d = a + 19d
T20 = 4 + (20 – 1) 2
= 4 + 19 x 2
T20 = 42

Evaluation

(1) Given that 4, p, q, 13 are consecutive terms of an A.P, find the values of p
and q.

(2) The sum of the 4th and 6th terms of an A.P is 42. The sum of the 3rd and
9th terms of the progression is 52. Find the first term, the common difference and
the twentieth term of the progression.

Sum of terms in an A.P

To find an expression for the sum of n terms of a linear sequence, Let Sn be the
sum, then
Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ……. + Tn ………….. (i)
Also

Sn = Tn+ (Tn– d) + (Tn– 2d) + ……… a ………. (ii)


Adding (1) and (2)

2Sn = (a + Tn) + (a + Tn) + (a + Tn) + ………… + (a + Tn)


2Sn = n (a + Tn)

Evaluation:

The sum of the first ten term of a linear sequence is -60 and the sum of the first
fifteen term of the sequence is -165. Find the 18th term of the sequence.

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