Design of V.R.B.

(3m span)

Road width = 3.50 m

Water depth = 1.00 m
Free board = 0.50 m
Clear Span = 2.00 m
Effective span = 2.50 m

Effective span 2.5 m to knife edge moving at 1140 kg/m width of the road way including impact

Assume overall thickness of the slab = 0.30 m

Load distributed per m of the slab = 7.50 KN/m
Maximun bending moment due to distributed load = 5.86 KN-m
Maximun bending moment due to knife edge load = 31.25 KN-m
Total bending moment = 37.11 KN-m
Maximun shear force occurs at the edge of the support
SF due to dead load at the edge of the support = 9.38
SF due to kinfe edge load for the worst condition = 11.40 KN
Total SF 20.78 KN
Depth of slab required
Mu = 0.36*fck*Xu/d*(1-.42Xu/d)bd2
Then, d= 133.91 mm
Provide overall depth 30cm of slab including 25 mm cover

Maximun shear stress = 78.40 KN/m2

0.08 N/mm
2
= less than 0.44 N/mm2 ,safe
t c= 0.44 N/mm
2

Area of steel required

Mu= 0.87 fy*d(1-0.42Xu/d)*Ast
Xu= 0.87 fy*Ast/(0.36fck*b)
Then
0.02106125 Ast2 - 95678.25 Ast+ 37109375 =0
1 Ast2 - 4542857.1 Ast+ 1761974004.392 =0
Ast 4542469.3
387.88903
Ast= 387.88903 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia. bar with cross section area= 113.04 mm2
No of bar required = 6 spacing= 166.67 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c
Top Bars
Area of steel required = 50% of Ast on bottom side= 193.94 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia. bar with cross section area= 113.04 mm2
No of bar required = 3 spacing= 333.33 mm c/c
Provide12 mm dia bar @ 300 c/c
Transverse Reinforcement
Provide 0.15 % of gross concrete area i.e Ast= 450 mm2 per m width of slab
Use 12 mm bar of area = 113.04 mm2
No of bar required= 5 Spacing= 200 mm c/c
Use12 mm dia bar @ 200 mm C/C

12 mm dia top bar @ 300 mm c/c

12 mm dia main bar @ 150 mm c/c
12 mm dia distribution bar @ 200 mm c/c

0.30 m

2.00 m
Design of Vertical Drop
Location At Ch. 4+000 of BC-2
Canal discharge,Q = 0.7 m3/s
Canal bed width, u/s = 2.50 m
Canal bed width, d/s = 2.50 m
U/s water depth = 0.70 m
D/s Water depth = 0.60 m
U/S bed level = 93.85 m
D/S bed level = 92.85 m
Drop height = 1.00 m
Canal side slope,S = 1.5 :1
=
Soil type Good loam
Assume Bligh's coefficient = 7.00
S.No. Description Formula Value
1 Length of crest, Lt = canal bed width at d/s = 2.50 m
2 Crest level
Approch velocity Vo = Q/A 0.52 m/s
velocity head, ha = Vo2/2g = 0.01 m
Let, Width of crest, Bt = = 0.50 m
head over crest, D = (Q*Bt(1/6)/1.84*L)(1/0.6) = 0.76 m
Say, D = 0.10 m
U/S TEL = U/S FSL +ha = 94.56 m
RL of crest = U/S TEL -D = 94.46 m
Adopt, crest level at = 94.40 m
3 Shape of crest
Height of crest above D/s bed level D1 = 1.55 m
a Width of Crest, Bt = 0.55√D1 = 0.68 m
Keep width of crest, Bt = 0.70 m
b Width at base
Thickness at base = 0.5*D1 = 0.78 m
Adopt, thickness at base = 0.80 m

4 Cistern Elements
Critical depth, dc = (q2/g)(1/3) = 0.20 m
Depth of cistern = dc/3 = 0.07 m
RL of cistern = 92.78 m
Adopt, Cistern bed level = 92.60 m
Length of Cistern = 3.8*dc+0.415++HL = 2.18 m
Adopt, length of cistern = = 6.00 m

5 Impervious floor
Bligh's coefficient = 7.00
Max. static head, Hs = crest level- cistern level = 1.80 m
Total floor length required, L = 7*Hs = 12.60 m
Minimum d/s floor length required = 10.53*dc+4.877-1.5HL = 5.48 m
Provide length of floor at d/s = 8.00 m
Length below the crest = 0.80 m
Length at u/s = 4.00 m
Total floor length provided = 12.80 m

6 Floor thickness
Max. unbalanced head at toe of crest = HGL at crest level- cistern level = 1.22 m
Floor thickness required = Unbalanced head/1.24 = 0.98 m
Provide, floor thickness for cistern length = 1.00 m
HGL at end of cistern - d/s bed
floor thickness beyond cistern = = 0.24
level
 Floor thickness required = Unbalanced head/1.24 = 0.20 m
Provide, floor thickness beyond cistern = 0.50 m
Provide, floor thickness at u/s side = 0.50 m

S.No. Description Formula Value

7 Curtain walls
Depth of d/s curtain wall = d/s water depth/2+0.6 = 1.50 m
Provide, depth of 0.40m wide curtain wall = 1.50 m
Depth of u/s curtain wall = u/s water depth/3+0.6 = 1.00 m
Provide, depth of 0.40m wide curtain wall = 1.00 m

8 D/S protection
Bed protection
Length of bed protection = 3*D/s water depth = 1.80 m
Provide 1m*1m*0.5m cc block for a length of = 2.00 m
Provide, 0.30m *1.0m toe wall at end.
Side protection
Provide 0.40m thick PCC for slope protection

94.55 94.40
CREST LEVEL
0.70
0.70 93.85 93.45
U/S CBL

0.60
4.00 0.80 D/S CBL 92.85
92.60
0.50
1.00
1.00 1.50

6.00 2.00

12.80

Longitudinal section of Vertical Drop

 Permissible Concrete Stresses
DATA SHEET FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Concrete Comp stresses Maximum Permissible Stress in Bond for Spcified characteristic
Plain bar in Deformed bar compressive strength
Grade Mix Direct Bending shear stress at 28 days
tension in tension
fcc fcbc qc max qbd qbd
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
M10 1:3:6 2.50 3.00 - 0.40 0.56 10
M15 1:2:4 4.00 5.00 1.60 0.60 0.84 15
M20 1:1.5:3 5.00 7.00 1.80 0.80 1.12 20
M25 1:1:2 6.00 8.50 1.90 0.90 1.26 25
M30 8.00 10.00 2.20 1.00 1.40 30
M35 9.00 11.50 2.30 1.10 1.54 35
M40 10.00 13.00 2.50 1.20 1.68 40
Adopted value
M15 1:2:4 4.00 5.00 1.60 0.60 0.84 15
Note: The value of bond stress are increased by 25% for bars in compression.

Permissible Reinforcing Steel Stresses Weight of Materials

Permissible Stresses in N/mm 2
WEIGHT
Materials
Bar Type KN/m3
Stress condition
High yield strength deformed
Mild steel
bar Water 9.80
Tension pst N/mm2 N/mm2 Stone masonry 21.00
Bar upto 25 mm 140 230 Brick masonry 21.00
Bar over 25 mm 130 230 Mass concrete 24.00
Compression in
columes psc Reinforced concrete 25.00
All bar sizes 130 190 Steel 78.50
Stirrup reinforcement 140 175 Timber a) saal 8.00
b) teak 6.00

Constants for design Section Dry backfill 16.00

Steel stresses Saturated backfill 20.00
Grade of concrete 140.00 N/mm 2
230.00 N/mm 2
Submerged backfill 10.20
R J R J Dry compacted backfill 18.50
M15 0.87 0.87 0.65 0.904 Saturated compa. backfill 21.50
M20 1.21 0.87 0.91 0.904 Submer. compa. backfill 11.70
M25 1.47 0.87 1.11 0.904 Gabions 14.00
M30 1.73 0.87 1.31 0.904
M35
M40
Adopted Value
M15 0.87 0.87 0.65 0.904 Adopted Value 20.00

Area and weight of steel Value of of different soil

Diameter Area Perimeter weight/m In deg.
Soil type
mm mm 2
mm kgs Value Assume
6 28.27 18.85 0.22 Gravel 40-55
8 50.27 25.13 0.39 Sandy gravel 35-50 60
10 78.54 31.42 0.62 Sand-loose 28-34 45
12 113.10 37.70 0.89 Sand-dense 34-45
16 201.06 50.27 1.58 Silt, silty sand -loose 20-22
20 314.16 62.83 2.47 dense 25-30
25 490.87 78.54 3.85 Assume X 40
32 804.25 100.53 6.31
40 1256.64 125.66 9.86
 Table 15.11
Permissible shear stress in concrete qc in N/mm2
100*As/bd Given Calculated Given Calculated Given Calculated
M15 M20 M25
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23
0.47 0.282 0.290 0.300
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31
0.63 0.316 0.326 0.336
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36
0.91 0.359 0.376 0.386
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40
1.19 0.393 0.413 0.430
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44
1.35 0.408 0.432 0.475
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46
1.65 0.432 0.462 0.515
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49
1.85 0.440 0.478 0.498
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51
2.21 0.440 0.507 0.527
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53
2.40 0.440 0.510 0.542
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55
2.70 0.440 0.510 0.558
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56
2.85 0.440 0.510 0.564
3.00 0.44 0.51 0.57
 Computation of High Food Discharge

Name of River: Balewang ISP

Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi
Type of river: Perenial
Catchment area: 100 Km2
1 Ryves Formula
This formula gives design flood discharge, which is given by:
Qp = C*A^2/3
Where, Qp = Peak flood discharge in cumecs
C = Ryves cachment coefficient, adopted 10.2 for limited area near hill
A = Catchment area in km 2

Assuming design flood to be the the peak flood with 50 year return period, flood
flows of 2 year and 50 year return period are computed. Gumble distribution is used to estimate the
Catchment
required return area =
period flood. 100 km 2

Q50 = 220.00 m3/s

2 Modified Dicken's Formula

3/ 4
Discharge for return period T Q T =C T A

CT =2. 342 log ( 0 . 6 T ) log (1185

p )+ 4
1
p= 100 ( A S + 6 )
A
As-Snow covered area of catchment= 0.00
Catchment area, A 100.00 km2
p = 600/A 6.00
For 50 years return period CT = 11.94
Q50 = 378.00 m3/s
3 Regional Flood Relationship (WECS, 1989) Method
Q2 = 1.8767 * A0.8783
Q100 = 14.630 * A0.7342
Q50 = e(LnQ2 + Ln S * 2.054)
Ln S = Ln (Q100/Q2)/2.326
Catchment Area A= 100 Sq km
Q2= 107
Q100= 430
Ln S= 0.6
Q50= 367 m3/s
Design discharge at Intake site = 378 m3/s
Method of Flood estimation 50 year flood
Ryves Formula 220
Modified Dicken's Formula 378
WECS method 367
Design discharge 378
 VERTICAL DROP
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi
Given data

Discharge Q = 0.075 m³/sec

Drop height = 1.500 m
Bw (canal bed width) = 0.500 m
Full Supply Depth = 0.200 m
Bed slope = 1:200
Side slope = 1:0
Step 1: Crest width and level
Crest width =Canal bed widh = 0.50 m.
Head of water ( Hw) over crest, h is given by the expression :
Q = 1.7 wh3/2 giving Hw = 0.2
Upstream flow depth in the canal = 0.20m. Therefore to prevent draw down effect the crest must be set
at 0.20 - .20 = 0.00m so provide nominal depth 0.05m above the bed of the upstrem canal.
Thus, p = 0.05 m.
Step 2: Width of stilling basin
Width of stilling basin = U/s bed width of canal + 0.20
= 0.70
= 0.70 m.
Step 3: Calculation of Ld and Lj with Q 100%
Assume d2 = 0.35 m
Then Y= ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 1.70
= 1.70 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
Drop number, D = q²/gy³ = 0.0002
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.30 m
Assumed d2 ≠ computed d2. Hence the above calculations are repeated.
Repeating the process for a new assumed
d2 = 0.3 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
q = 0.107 m³/sec
Y = ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 1.65 m
Y= 1.65 m

D = q³/gy³ = 0.00026
d2/y = 1.66D0.25
d2 = 0.30 m
Assumed d2 = Computed d2
Hence, using formula to find d1
Again d1/y = 0.54D0.425
d1 = 0.03 m
d4= d2 -Tw = 0.10 m
Hw = 0.20 m
Therefore, hd = Hw+p+drop -Tw
= 1.55
= 1.55 m
 giving hd/Hw = 7.75
Ld/y = 4.3 x D0.27
Ld/y = 0.46
Ld = 0.46 m Say, 0.50 m.
Froude number Fr = (q/d1)/(gd1)1/2
= 7.839
7.84 > 7.839< 13 hence O.K.
From nomogram 2 for froude number of 7.83,
Lj/d2 = 8.6
Lj = 2.54 m
Now, length of stilling basin = Ld +Lj
= 3.04 3.10 m
Length of Stilling basin = 3.10 m.

Step 4: Depth of down stream sill.

The depth of the downstream sill must be set to ensure the formation of the hydraulic jump
inside the basin when the water is just beginning to flow across the drop structure . A
discharge of 1/10th, the design discharge is used in the calculation for this purpose d 3 must
be set equal to , or greater than the canjugate depth of the gydraulic jump. Repeating the
calculations shown in the above step.

For, Tw = 0 m assumed
d2 = 0.3 m assumed
q= 0.107 m³/sec
Y= (d2-Tw) +Drop +p
= 1.85
= 1.85 m

Drop number D = q²/gy³

= 0.00018
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.3

Assumed d2 = computed d2
Therefore set d3 > d2 Set d3 = 0.30 m.

0.2

0.05

1.0 1.55
1.50
1.65

0.2
0.30
0.03
0.30
0.25
1.0
0.50 2.54
 Vertical Drops (Straight Drop)

Name of the Project: Balewang ISP

Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi

Discharge Q = 0.075 m³/sec

Drop height = 0.750 m
Bw (canal bed width) = 0.500 m
Full Supply Depth = 0.200 m
Bed slope = 1:200
Side slope = 1:0
Step 1: Crest width and level
Crest width = Canal bed widh = 0.50 m.
Head of water ( Hw) over crest, h is given by the expression :
Q = 1.7 wh3/2 giving Hw = 0.2
Upstream flow depth in the canal = 0.20m. Therefore to prevent draw down effect the crest must be set at
0.20 - .20 = 0.00m so provide nominal depth 0.05m above the bed of the upstrem canal.
Thus, p = 0.05 m.
Step 2: Width of stilling basin
Width of stilling basin = U/s bed width of canal + 0.20
= 0.70
= 0.70 m.
Step 3: Calculation of Ld and Lj with Q 100%
Assume d2 = 0.35 m
Then Y= ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 0.95
= 0.95 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
Drop number, D = q²/gy³ = 0.0014
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.27 m
Assumed d2 ≠ computed d2. Hence the above calculations are repeated.
Repeating the process for a new assumed
d2 = 0.27 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
q = 0.107 m³/sec
Y = ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 0.87 m
Y= 0.87 m

D = q³/gy³ = 0.00178
d2/y = 1.66D0.25
d2 = 0.26 m
Assumed d2 = Computed d2
Hence, using formula to find d1
Again d1/y = 0.54D0.425
d1 = 0.03 m
d4= d2 -Tw = 0.07 m
Hw = 0.20 m
Therefore, hd = Hw+p+drop -Tw
= 0.80
= 0.80 m
 giving hd/Hw = 4.00
Ld/y = 4.3 x D0.27
Ld/y = 0.78
Ld = 0.78 m Say, 0.80 m.
Froude number Fr = (q/d1)/(gd1)1/2
= 6.020
7.40 > 6.02< 13hence O.K.
From nomogram 2 for froude number of 6.68
Lj/d2 = 5.22
Lj = 1.36 m
Now, length of stilling basin = Ld +Lj
= 2.16 2.20 m
Length of Stilling basin = 2.20 m.

Step 4: Depth of down stream sill.

The depth of the downstream sill must be set to ensure the formation of the hydraulic jump
inside the basin when the water is just beginning to flow across the drop structure . A
discharge of 1/10th, the design discharge is used in the calculation for this purpose d 3 must be
set equal to , or greater than the canjugate depth of the gydraulic jump. Repeating the
calculations shown in the above step.

For, Tw = 0 m assumed
d2 = 0.3 m assumed
q= 0.107 m³/sec
Y= (d2-Tw) +Drop +p
= 1.10
= 1.10 m

Drop number D = q²/gy³

= 0.00088
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.3

Assumed d2 = computed d2
Therefore set d3 > d2 Set d3 = 0.3 m.

0.2

0.05

0.80
0.75
0.87

0.2
0.26
0.03
0.3

0.80 1.36
 Vertical Drops (Straight Drop)
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi
Given data

Discharge Q = 0.075 m³/sec

Drop height = 1.000 m
Bw (canal bed width) = 0.500 m
Full Supply Depth = 0.200 m
Bed slope = 1:200
Side slope = 1:0
Step 1: Crest width and level
Crest width =Canal bed widh = 0.50 m.
Head of water ( Hw) over crest, h is given by the expression :
Q = 1.7 wh3/2 giving Hw = 0.2
Upstream flow depth in the canal = 0.20m. Therefore to prevent draw down effect the crest must be set
at 0.20 - .20 = 0.00m so provide nominal depth 0.05m above the bed of the upstrem canal.
Thus, p = 0.05 m.
Step 2: Width of stilling basin
Width of stilling basin = U/s bed width of canal + 0.20
= 0.70
= 0.70 m.
Step 3: Calculation of Ld and Lj with Q 100%
Assume d2 = 0.35 m
Then Y= ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 1.20
= 1.20 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
Drop number, D = q²/gy³ = 0.0007
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.28 m
Assumed d2 ≠ computed d2. Hence the above calculations are repeated.
Repeating the process for a new assumed
d2 = 0.27 m
Discharge per unit width in stilling basin q= 0.107 m³/sec
q = 0.107 m³/sec
Y = ( d2- Tw) + Drop + p
= 1.12 m
Y= 1.12 m

D = q³/gy³ = 0.00083
d2/y = 1.66D0.25
d2 = 0.27 m
Assumed d2 = Computed d2
Hence, using formula to find d1
Again d1/y = 0.54D0.425
d1 = 0.03 m
d4= d2 -Tw = 0.07 m
Hw = 0.20 m
Therefore, hd = Hw+p+drop -Tw
= 1.05
= 1.05 m
 giving hd/Hw = 5.25
Ld/y = 4.3 x D0.27
Ld/y = 0.63
Ld = 0.63 m Say, 0.70 m.
Froude number Fr = (q/d1)/(gd1)1/2
= 6.681
7.40 > 6.68< 13hence O.K.
From nomogram 2 for froude number of 6.68
Lj/d2 = 7.7
Lj = 2.11 m
Now, length of stilling basin = Ld +Lj
= 2.81 2.90 m
Length of Stilling basin = 2.90 m.

Step 4: Depth of down stream sill.

The depth of the downstream sill must be set to ensure the formation of the hydraulic jump
inside the basin when the water is just beginning to flow across the drop structure . A
discharge of 1/10th, the design discharge is used in the calculation for this purpose d 3 must
be set equal to , or greater than the canjugate depth of the gydraulic jump. Repeating the
calculations shown in the above step.

For, Tw = 0 m assumed
d2 = 0.3 m assumed
q= 0.107 m³/sec
Y= (d2-Tw) +Drop +p
= 1.35
= 1.35 m

Drop number D = q²/gy³

= 0.00048
d2/y = 1.66 D0.27
d2 = 0.3

Assumed d2 = computed d2
Therefore set d3 > d2 Set d3 = 0.3 m.

0.2

0.05

1.05
1.00
1.12

0.2
0.27
0.03
0.3

0.70 2.11
 INTAKES 2
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi

Design Data

High flood level = 545.954 m

River bed level = 544.154 m
Design Discharge (Q) = 0.034 m3/s
Set U/S Water Level (h1) = 0.30 m
D/S Water Level (h2) = 0.20 m
Difference in Water Level (Δh) = 0.10 m
Now,
Calculation of Discharge (Q) = Cd*B*D*(2*g*∆h)^(1/2)
Provide Width of Orifice (B) = 0.2 m
Depth of Orifice (D) = ?
So,
Q = Cd*B*D*(2*g*∆h)^(1/2) Where (Cd) = 0.7
0.034 = .70*.50*D*(2*9.81*0.2)^(1/2)
D = 0.10
Provide (D) 0.20
HFL 545.954

1.80 0.1
0.30
Q
0.20
RBL 544.154
Simple Side Intake

High Flood Level of Stream at Intake = 1.80

Full Supply Level of Canal = 0.20
Level Difference of Water Δh = 1.600 m
Orifice height D = 0.20 m
Orifice width B = 0.20 m
Discharge Coefficient (Cd) = 0.70
Discharge through orifice (Q) = Cd A (2gΔh)1/2
= 0.157 Cum/sec

Maximum Flow through Orifice = 0.157 Cum/sec

Orifice height D = 0.20 m
Orifice width B = 0.20 m
Design of an Escape

Excess Flow through an orifice (Q) = 0.123 Cum/sec

Full Supply Depth before Escape = 0.50 m
Full Supply Depth after Escape = 0.20 m
Difference depth 0.30 m
Mean Depth (H) = 0.15 m
Breadth of Escape = ?m
we,have
Q = 1.7 BH3/2
B= 1.24 Say 1.50 m
Breadth of Escape = 1.50 m
 INTAKE
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location: Sandhikharka Municipality-6, Arghakhanchi

Design Data

High flood level = 98.174 m

River bed level = 96.751 m
Design Discharge (Q) = 0.037 m3/s
Set U/S Water Level (h1) = 0.30 m
D/S Water Level (h2) = 0.10 m
Difference in Water Level (Δh) = 0.20 m
Now,
Calculation of Discharge (Q) = Cd*B*D*(2*g*∆h)^(1/2)
Provide Width of Orifice (B) = 0.2 m
Depth of Orifice (D) = ?
So,
Q = Cd*B*D*(2*g*∆h)^(1/2) Where (Cd) = 0.7
0.037 = .70*.50*D*(2*9.81*0.2)^(1/2)
D = 0.10
Provide (D) 0.10
HFL 98.174

1.40 0.2
0.30
Q
0.10
RBL 96.751
Simple Side Intake

High Flood Level of Stream at Intake = 1.40

Full Supply Level of Canal = 0.10
Level Difference of Water Δh = 1.300 m
Orifice height D = 0.10 m
Orifice width B = 0.20 m
Discharge Coefficient (Cd) = 0.70
Discharge through orifice (Q) = Cd A (2gΔh)1/2
= 0.071 Cum/sec

Maximum Flow through Orifice = 0.071 Cum/sec

Orifice height D = 0.10 m
Orifice width B = 0.20 m
Design of an Escape

Excess Flow through an orifice (Q) = 0.034 Cum/sec

Full Supply Depth before Escape = 0.50 m
Full Supply Depth after Escape = 0.10 m
Difference depth 0.40 m
Mean Depth (H) = 0.2 m
Breadth of Escape = ?m
we,have
Q = 1.7 BH3/2
B= 0.22 Say 0.20 m
Breadth of Escape = 0.20 m
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 2.0m Ht ) (For both systems 1 & 2)

Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP

Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi

0.50 10.00

Ws
Ww2

2.5 1.5

GL Ww1

Wf 0.10
1.0
0.25

1.50
Design Data
Height of wall above ground h= : 1.50 m
Foundation Depth H0 = : 1.00
Total Height of the wall H= : 2.50
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil pa = : 170.00 KN/m2
Strength of Concrete (M15) σcb = : 5.00 N/mm2
Angle of internal friction or repose φ= : 30.00 deg 0.524
Unit weight of soil γs = : 20.00 KN/m3
Coeff. Of friction between the soil and concrete μ= : 0.55
Unit weight of masonary γd : 22.00 KN/m3
Surcharge angle (slope of embankment or backfill) α 10.00 deg 0.175
Coefficient of active earth pressure ca
ca = sin^2(θ-φ)/(sin^2θsin(φ+β)[1+√{(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-α))/(sin(θ+β)sin(θ-α))}]^2)
ca = [cos α-√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)]cosα/(cosα+√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)
cosα 0.98
cos^2α-cos^2φ 0.22
ca 0.35

1.Total width of Footing

Coeff.of active earth pressure ca = (1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.35
Minimum depth of foundation D = pa/γs{(1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ)}^2 1.04 m
Adopt the depth of foundation D1 = 1.00 m
Total height of Rt.Wall H= h+D1 = 2.50 m
Heel coefficient K = 0.36[√(1+(3.4Pa)/(γs*h))-1] 1.26
Total width of footing B = 0.50H√[Ca/(k(1-0.6k))] 1.33 m
Adopt B= 1.40 m
Adopt kB= 0.10
2.Soil Reaction
Let,
thickness of the wall (at top ) t1= 0.33 m
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 2.0m Ht ) (For both systems 1 & 2)

Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP

Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi
Adopt H/20+.35 0.50 m
thickness of footing at base t3 = h/10 = 0.15 m
Adopt 0.25 m
Determination of Soil reaction
Forces in the Retaining wall in Width
Distance from
S.N Item Forces in KN Moment about toe tip (KNm)
toe (m)
A. Vertical Load
1 Footing
Wf= 8.25 0.750 6.1875
2 Wall (Triangular Portion)
Ww1= 22.275 0.800 17.82
3 Wall (Rectangular Portion)
Ww2= 24.75 0.250 6.19
4 Soil filling over the heel Ws1= 4.5 1.450 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 6.525
5 Soil filling over the heel Ws2= 20.25 0.800 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 16.20

Stabilizing Moment
ΣW = 80.025 ΣM = 52.92
B. Horizontal Soil Pressure (-ve force)
1 The active earth pressure Hor active soil pressure Overturning Moment MH1=
Ca*γs*H^2/2 PA= 21.8125
Horizontal component of PA
PA*Cos(θ+φ-90) Pah = 18.89 -0.83 -15.74
2 Vertical component of PA MR1 =
PA*Sin(θ+φ-90) Pah = 10.91 1.50 16.37
Total Stabilizing moment = 69.29074
Oveturning momnet = -15.73817
Check for Stability
(i) FoS against overturning = Stabilizing Moment / Overturning Moment
= 4.4 4.4, Should be more than 2 OK
(ii) Frictional resistance between the base and the soil is
Fy = μΣW
= 50.02 KN
FoS against Sliding = μΣW/HF1
= 2.65 2.65, Should be more than 1.5 OK

(iii) The reaction position X from the toe is (l) = 0.59

e = b/2-x 0.161 m, Which should be less than B/6 OK
B/6 = 0.233
Maximum and minimum base pressures
σ = ΣV/b( 1± 6e/b)
+σ = 20.10 -σ = 109.81
Which are within permissible base pressure (bearing capacity of soil is 250 KN/m 2) hence OK
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 2.0m Ht ) (For both systems 1 & 2)

Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP

Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi

0.50 10.00

Ws
Ww2

3.0 2.0

GL Ww1

Wf 0.10
1.0
0.25

1.60
Design Data
Height of wall above ground h= : 2.00 m
Foundation Depth H0 = : 1.00
Total Height of the wall H= : 3.00
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil pa = : 170.00 KN/m2
Strength of Concrete (M15) σcb = : 5.00 N/mm2
Angle of internal friction or repose φ= : 30.00 deg 0.524
Unit weight of soil γs = : 20.00 KN/m3
Coeff. Of friction between the soil and concrete μ= : 0.55
Unit weight of masonary γd : 22.00 KN/m3
Surcharge angle (slope of embankment or backfill) α 10.00 deg 0.175
Coefficient of active earth pressure ca
ca = sin^2(θ-φ)/(sin^2θsin(φ+β)[1+√{(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-α))/(sin(θ+β)sin(θ-α))}]^2)
ca = [cos α-√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)]cosα/(cosα+√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)
cosα 0.98
cos^2α-cos^2φ 0.22
ca 0.35

1.Total width of Footing

Coeff.of active earth pressure ca = (1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.35
Minimum depth of foundation D = pa/γs{(1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ)}^2 1.04 m
Adopt the depth of foundation D1 = 1.00 m
Total height of Rt.Wall H= h+D1 = 3.00 m
Heel coefficient K = 0.36[√(1+(3.4Pa)/(γs*h))-1] 1.06
Total width of footing B = 0.50H√[Ca/(k(1-0.6k))] 1.43 m
Adopt B= 1.50 m
Adopt kB= 0.10
2.Soil Reaction
Let,
thickness of the wall (at top ) t1= 0.35 m
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 2.0m Ht ) (For both systems 1 & 2)

Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP

Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi
Adopt H/20+.35 0.50 m
thickness of footing at base t3 = h/10 = 0.20 m
Adopt 0.25 m
Determination of Soil reaction
Forces in the Retaining wall in Width
Distance from
S.N Item Forces in KN Moment about toe tip (KNm)
toe (m)
A. Vertical Load
1 Footing
Wf= 8.8 0.800 7.04
2 Wall (Triangular Portion)
Ww1= 30.25 0.833 25.21
3 Wall (Rectangular Portion)
Ww2= 30.25 0.250 7.56
4 Soil filling over the heel Ws1= 5.5 1.550 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 8.525
5 Soil filling over the heel Ws2= 27.5 0.833 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 22.92

Stabilizing Moment
ΣW = 102.3 ΣM = 71.25
B. Horizontal Soil Pressure (-ve force)
1 The active earth pressure Hor active soil pressure Overturning Moment MH1=
Ca*γs*H^2/2 PA= 31.41
Horizontal component of PA
PA*Cos(θ+φ-90) Pah = 27.20 -1.00 -27.20
2 Vertical component of PA MR1 =
PA*Sin(θ+φ-90) Pah = 15.72 1.60 25.15
Total Stabilizing moment = 96.39796
Oveturning momnet = -27.19555
Check for Stability
(i) FoS against overturning = Stabilizing Moment / Overturning Moment
= 3.54 3.54, Should be more than 2 OK
(ii) Frictional resistance between the base and the soil is
Fy = μΣW
= 64.91 KN
FoS against Sliding = μΣW/HF1
= 2.39 2.39, Should be more than 1.5 OK

(iii) The reaction position X from the toe is (l) = 0.59

e = b/2-x 0.214 m, Which should be less than B/6 OK
B/6 = 0.250
Maximum and minimum base pressures
σ = ΣV/b( 1± 6e/b)
+σ = 11.45 -σ = 145.90
Which are within permissible base pressure (bearing capacity of soil is 250 KN/m 2) hence OK
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 3.0m Ht )

Name of the Project: Tinau Kholama Pahiro Niyantran Tatha Tatbandh Project
Location: Butwal-3, Rupandehi

0.80 10.00

Ws
Ww2

4.5 3.0

GL Ww1

Wf 0.10
1.5
0.30

2.20
Design Data
Height of wall above ground h= : 3.00 m
Foundation Depth H0 = : 1.50
Total Height of the wall H= : 4.50
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil pa = : 170.00 KN/m2
Strength of Concrete (M15) σcb = : 5.00 N/mm2
Angle of internal friction or repose φ= : 30.00 deg 0.524
Unit weight of soil γs = : 20.00 KN/m3
Coeff. Of friction between the soil and concrete μ= : 0.55
Unit weight of masonary γd : 22.00 KN/m3
Surcharge angle (slope of embankment or backfill) α 10.00 deg 0.175
Coefficient of active earth pressure ca
ca = sin^2(θ-φ)/(sin^2θsin(φ+β)[1+√{(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-α))/(sin(θ+β)sin(θ-α))}]^2)
ca = [cos α-√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)]cosα/(cosα+√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)
cosα 0.98
cos^2α-cos^2φ 0.22
ca 0.35

1.Total width of Footing

Coeff.of active earth pressure ca = (1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.35
Minimum depth of foundation D = pa/γs{(1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ)}^2 1.04 m
Adopt the depth of foundation D1 = 1.50 m
Total height of Rt.Wall H= h+D1 = 4.50 m
Heel coefficient K = 0.36[√(1+(3.4Pa)/(γs*h))-1] 0.81
Total width of footing B = 0.50H√[Ca/(k(1-0.6k))] 2.06 m
Adopt B= 2.10 m
Adopt kB= 0.10
2.Soil Reaction
Let,
thickness of the wall (at top ) t1= 0.43 m
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL ( 3.0m Ht )

Name of the Project: Tinau Kholama Pahiro Niyantran Tatha Tatbandh Project
Location: Butwal-3, Rupandehi
Adopt H/20+.35 0.80 m
thickness of footing at base t3 = h/10 = 0.30 m
Adopt 0.30 m
Determination of Soil reaction
Forces in the Retaining wall in Width
Distance from
S.N Item Forces in KN Moment about toe tip (KNm)
toe (m)
A. Vertical Load
1 Footing
Wf= 14.52 1.100 15.972
2 Wall (Triangular Portion)
Ww1= 60.06 1.233 74.07
3 Wall (Rectangular Portion)
Ww2= 73.92 0.400 29.57
4 Soil filling over the heel Ws1= 8.4 2.150 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 18.06
5 Soil filling over the heel Ws2= 54.6 1.233 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 67.34

Stabilizing Moment
ΣW = 211.5 ΣM = 205.01
B. Horizontal Soil Pressure (-ve force)
1 The active earth pressure Hor active soil pressure Overturning Moment MH1=
Ca*γs*H^2/2 PA= 70.6725
Horizontal component of PA
PA*Cos(θ+φ-90) Pah = 61.19 -1.50 -91.78
2 Vertical component of PA MR1 =
PA*Sin(θ+φ-90) Pah = 35.36 2.20 77.79
Total Stabilizing moment = 282.8078
Oveturning momnet = -91.785
Check for Stability
(i) FoS against overturning = Stabilizing Moment / Overturning Moment
= 3.08 3.08, Should be more than 2 OK
(ii) Frictional resistance between the base and the soil is
Fy = μΣW
= 135.77 KN
FoS against Sliding = μΣW/HF1
= 2.22 2.22, Should be more than 1.5 OK

(iii) The reaction position X from the toe is (l) = 0.77

e = b/2-x 0.326 m, Which should be less than B/6 OK
B/6 = 0.350
Maximum and minimum base pressures
σ = ΣV/b( 1± 6e/b)
+σ = 8.00 -σ = 227.11
Which are within permissible base pressure (bearing capacity of soil is 250 KN/m 2) hence OK
 870896416.xls

DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL

Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP
Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi

0.40 10.00

Ws
Ww2

3.0 2.0

GL Ww1

Wf 0.10
1.0
0.10

1.60
Design Data
Height of wall above ground h= : 2.00 m
Foundation Depth H0 = : 1.00
Total Height of the wall H= : 3.00
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil pa = : 170.00 KN/m2
Strength of Concrete (M15) σcb = : 5.00 N/mm2
Angle of internal friction or repose φ= : 30.00 deg 0.524
Unit weight of soil γs = : 20.00 KN/m3
Coeff. Of friction between the soil and concrete μ= : 0.55
Unit weight of masonary γd : 22.00 KN/m3
Surcharge angle (slope of embankment or backfill) α 10.00 deg 0.175
Coefficient of active earth pressure ca
ca = sin^2(θ-φ)/(sin^2θsin(φ+β)[1+√{(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-α))/(sin(θ+β)sin(θ-α))}]^2)
ca = [cos α-√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)]cosα/(cosα+√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)
cosα 0.98
cos^2α-cos^2φ 0.22
ca 0.35

1.Total width of Footing

Coeff.of active earth pressure ca = (1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.35
Minimum depth of foundation D = pa/γs{(1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ)}^2 1.04 m
Adopt the depth of foundation D1 = 1.00 m
Total height of Rt.Wall H= h+D1 = 3.00 m
Heel coefficient K = 0.36[√(1+(3.4Pa)/(γs*h))-1] 1.06
Total width of footing B = 0.50H√[Ca/(k(1-0.6k))] 1.43 m
Adopt B= 1.50 m
Adopt kB= 0.10
2.Soil Reaction
Let,
thickness of the wall (at top ) t1= 0.35 m
Adopt H/20+.35 0.40 m
thickness of footing at base t3 = h/10 = 0.20 m
Adopt 0.25 m
Determination of Soil reaction
Forces in the Retaining wall in Width
Distance from
S.No Item Forces in KN Moment about toe tip (KNm)
toe (m)
A. Vertical Load
1 Footing
Wf= 3.52 0.800 2.816
2 Wall (Triangular Portion)
Ww1= 35.09 0.767 26.90233
3 Wall (Rectangular Portion)
Ww2= 25.52 0.200 5.104
4 Soil filling over the heel Ws1= 5.8 1.550 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 8.99
5 Soil filling over the heel Ws2= 31.9 0.767 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 24.45667

Stabilizing Moment
ΣW = 101.83 ΣM = 68.269
 870896416.xls

B. Horizontal Soil Pressure (-ve force)

1 The active earth pressure Hor active soil pressure Overturning Moment MH1=
Ca*γs*H^2/2 PA= 31.41
Horizontal component of P A
PA*Cos(θ+φ-90) Pah = 27.20 -1.000 -27.19555
2 Vertical component of P A MR1 =
PA*Sin(θ+φ-90) Pah = 15.72 1.600 25.14546
Total Stabilizing moment = 93.41446
Oveturning momnet = -27.19555
Check for Stability
(i) FoS against overturning = Stabilizing Moment/Overturning Moment
= 3.43 3.43, Should be more than 2 OK
(ii) Frictional resistance between the base and the soil is
Fy = μΣW
= 64.65 KN
FoS against Sliding = μΣW/HF1
2.38 2.38, Should be more than 1.5
= OK

(iii) The position of reaction X from the toe is (l) = 0.56

e= b/2-x 0.237 m, Which should be less than B/6 OK
B/6 = 0.25
Maximum and minimum base pressures
σ = ΣV/b( 1± 6e/b)
+σ = 4.183077093 -σ = 152.544807
Which are within permissible base pressure (bearing capacity of soil is 250 KN/m 2) hence OK
 30

Design of Cantilever Type Retaining Wall - for Abutment wall Type-C ( D/S Weir)

angle of surcharge or slope of the backfill= b = 8 deg. Cosb= 0.990

angle of internal friction= f = 30 deg. Cosf= 0.866
Unit weight of soil = g= 9.8 KN/m3
Coefficient of friction= m= 0.45
Stability Considerations:
Preliminary sizes of the components of the wall are as follows:
Weight of soil= 9.80 KN/m3
Height above base slab= 4.90 m 100.70
stem tw= 0.25 m
stem bw= 0.90 m
Base Slab thickness bt= 0.50 m h= 4.90
Base Slab width b= 3.40 m
H= 5.40 m 96.3
b= 8 deg. 95.80
Length of toe(a)= 0.50 m
Wt.of RCC (w) = 25.00 KN 95.30

t w= 0.25
b= 8 0.372
L
2.65
56.1
H= 5.40
5.772

DS Bed Level w1= 70.44 w3= 116.48 1.924

a= 0.50
1.00 bt= 0.50 b w= 0.90

b= 3.40
O w2= 42.50
Earth pressure acts over the depth
H'= H+ L tan b = 5.772 m
Consider 1 m length of the retaining wall.
Weight of stem w1=
Rectangular= 30.63
Triangular= 39.81
w1= 70.44 KN
Distance of its line of action from O is X1=a+cg of stem=
3.83
18.579
22.407 Kn-m
Line of action from outer face of stem= 0.318 m
Toe length= 0.50 m
X1= 0.818 m
 31

Weight of base w2= b*bt*w

w2= 42.50 KN
Distance of its line of action from O is X2=1/2 of base width of slab
X2= 1.7 m
Weight of the soil over the heel ws=
3 0.372
area 1= 1.5925
area 2= 1
9.800 2
area 3= 0.493 4.90
11.885974 m 2

w3= 116.5 KN 0.65 2.00

Distance of its line of action from O = X 3 1.492
X 3= 2.242 m w3= 116.5 KN
Coefficient of active earth pressure = Ka
Ka= Cosb(Cosb-sqrt(Cos2b - Cos2f))/(Cosb+sqrt(Cos2b - Cos2f))
b= angle of surcharge or slope of the backfill
f= angle of internal friction
Ka= 0.34346
Active earth pressure Pa = 1/2 Ka g H'2
Pa= 56.078 KN
This acts at a point 1/3 of 5.772 m above the base, and is inclined
to the horizontal at 8 deg i.e. 1.924 m from base of slab.
Horizontal component of Pa is
Ph= Pa cosb
Ph= 55.53 KN
This component has an overturning effect about point O.
Vertical component of Pa is
Pv= Pa Sinb
Pv= 7.80 KN
This component has a stabilizing effect about point O.
Overturning moments due to dead load effects are:
Mod= Ph* line of action ht. = 106.85 KN-m
There is no live load on the back fill
Ps= 0
Mos= 0
Restoring moment is
Mr = w1*X1+ w2*X2+w3*X3
Mr = 391.01045 KN-m
Now, 1.2 Mod + 1.4 Mos= 128.223
Mr > 1.2 Mod + 1.4 Mos
Restoring moment found 3.6594 times greater than overturning.
Hence, the structure is safe against overturning.
Sliding force:
Fs= Ph + Ps
Fs= 55.53 KN
Coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp
Kp= (1+ sinf)/(1-sinf)
 32

Kp= 3.0
Restoring force is
Fr= m * 0.9 (w1+w2+w3+Pv) + 1/2 Kp g h2
Fr= 110.8 KN
Hence, Fr / Fs= 1.995 > 1.5
The retaining wall is safe in sliding.
Total vertical force is give by R
R= w1+w2+w3+Pv = 237.22 KN
Distance from O of the point where the resultant strikes the base is X -
X-= (w1X1+w2X2+w3X3+PvB-PhH/3)/R
X-= 1.310 m from O
Eccentricity of the force from the centre of the base = e
e= 1/2 of base - X-
e= 0.3903 m towards the point O
Pressure distribution below the base is as follows:
At the toe
q1= R/A+ R.e/Z
A= B*1
Z= 1/6*B2
q1= 117.83 KN/m2
At the heel
q2= R/A-R.e/Z
q2= 21.716 KN/m2
Since q1 is less than the allowable bearing pressure on soil,
the structure is safe against subsidence.

Net upward or downward pressure on the base

The factored pressure below the base will be as follows:
At the toe= 1.5 q1= 176.742 KN/m2
At the heel= 1.5 q2= 32.5738 KN/m2
Corresponding Pressure distribution is as shown below

0.5 0.90 2.00

A B C D

32.574
176.74
117.37864
155.5408
a. Pressure distribution below the base

90.78 96.3
18.75 18.75
b. Load intensity from above
 33

-26.6 63.7

157.99 136.790822

c. Resultant load intensity on the base slab

Factored load intensity on the base due to self weight of base and the earth
above is as follows:
At point A= 18.75 KN/m2
At point B= 18.75 KN/m2
At point C= 90.78 KN/m2
At point D= 96.255 KN/m2

Design of heel slab:

0.372
b

0.781

Vertical distance covered by the diagram

Thickness of base slab + Heel length X tan b = 0.781 m

Resultant from the shaded diagram= 56.57 base

48.92 middle
Resultant from the shaded diagram(r)=1/2 (base+ middle) * vt.dist covered by shade
r= 41.20 KN inclined to horizontal at b
It intersects the mid-depth line of heel at a point the distance which from the back
face of the stem is 1.00 m
Vertical component of the resultant force is 5.7 KN
Bending moment in the heel=
Muh= 72.908952 KN-m
Shear force at the critical section at the face is
Vu= 42.82 KN
Mu=0.36*fck*Xu/d(1-0.42Xu/d)bd2
d= 187.70 mm
Adopt d= 450.00 mm
Tension reinforcement is found from the equation
Muh= 0.87*fy*Ast(d-fyAst/fckb)
361.05 Ast ( 450 minus 0.0276667 Ast)= Muh
162473 Ast - 9.9891 Ast = 2
72908952
Ast2 -16265.06 Ast- 7298887.45491791 = 0
a= 1
 34

b= -16265.06
c= 7298887
Ast= 461.86 mm2
Provide 16 mm dia bars
area of bar= 201.062
Required number of bars= 2.30 say 3 Nos
Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 340 mm C/C
Provided Ast= 603.2 mm2

Nominal shear stress

t v= 0.0951 N/mm2
t c= 0.44 N/mm
2

t
< v c t
the slab is safe in shear
Keep overall thickness of slab= 500 mm
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
0.12% of the gross sectional area= 600 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia bar
area= 113 mm2
Number of bar= 5.31 say 6 Nos
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 170 mm C/C

Design of Toe Slab:

The toe slab bends as a cantilever due to net upward pressure as shown in
resultant load intensity on the base slab diagram.
Bending moment is
Mu= 18.86562 KN-m
Effective depth d= as heel design
2069.45 d2= 18865620.40894
d= 95.478983 mm
Adopt d= 450 mm Overall depth= 500 mm
0.87*415*Ast(d-415Ast/15000)=Mu
361.05 Ast( 450 minus 0.0276667 Ast= 18865620.408943
162473 Ast - 9.9891 Ast2= 18865620
16265.1 Ast - Ast2= 1888630.09084382 is equals O
Ast -
2
16265.06 Ast + 1888630.09084382 is equals O
a= 1
b= -16265.0602
c= 1888630.09084382
Ast= 16148.103
116.95677 mm2
Ast= 116.96 mm2
Provide 16 mm dia bars area of bar= 201.06 mm2
Required number of bars= 0.6 say 4 Nos
Provide 16 mm dia bars @ 250 mm C/C
Provided Ast= 3216.99 mm2 @
Critical section occure at an effective depth I.e. 0.450 m away from face of wall
Vu= -7.369571 KN
 35

t v= -0.016377 N/mm2
100 Ast/bd= 0.71 t c= 0.44 N/mm2
t v < t c,
the toe is safe in shear.
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
0.12% of the gross sectional area= 600 mm2

Provide 12 mm dia bar

area= 113 mm2
Number of bar= 5.31 say 6 Nos
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 170 mm C/C
 36

Design of Stem:
Clear height of stem above the base slab= 4.95 m
Only the horizontal component of the earth pressure will cause bending moment in the stem.
Factored bending moment in stem at the point
where it meets the top of the base is 1.5*1/6*Ka g h3 cos b = 101.07 KN-m/m
Effective depth for balanced section is found from the equation
Mu= 0.36 fck Xu/d(1-0.42 Xu/d)bd2
Mu= 2069.4528 d2
d= 220.99
Say d= 850.00 mm at bottom

a. Ast= Mu/(0.87fy(1-0.42xu/d)*d= 412.48 mm2/m

16 mm f bar, area= 201.06 mm2
Nos of bars= 2.052 say 3
Hence provide 16 mm f bar @ 340 mm c/c

Critical section for shear occurs at the face where stem meets the base.
Factored shear force at this section is
Vu =1.5*1/2*Ka*g * h2
Vu= 61.86 KN
t v= 0.073 N/mm2 Pt of steel= 0.04
t c= 0.44 N/mm
2

t v < t
c, OK
Overall thickness of the stem at bottom= 900.00 mm.
Towards the top the thickness may be reduced to 250 mm.
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement 12 mm dia bar @ 250 mmc/c
 Design of Overflow Escape for Mian Canal
Location At Ch. 0+260 of Main canal
Canal discharge,Q1 = #REF! cumec
surface runoff, Q2 = 0.80 cumec
Escape design discharge, Q = (Q1+ Q2)/2 = #REF! cumec
Canal width = 5 m Trapezoidal
FSL U/S = 97.79 m
Depth U/S d1 = 1.00 m
Overflow crest level = 97.79 m
D/s bed level = 95.87 m
Drop = 1.92 m
Provide crest length = 5.0 m
Q = 1.75 Lt H3/2
#REF! 1.75 x5x H^(3/2)
H = #REF! m
Approch Velocity ,Va= Q/A = #REF! m/s
Velocity Head = V2/2g = #REF! m
U/S TEL = U/S FSL + Va = #REF! m
Width of crest = 2.5 H = #REF! m
Provide width of crest = #REF! m
U/s slope 1.5:1 Joined tangentially to the crest with 0.50 m radius
D/s glacis slope = 2:1 Joined tangentially to the cistern floor with 1m radius

Depth of cutoff U/S

U/s Curtain wall = d1/3 = 0.93 m
Provide 0.40 m x 1 m deep curtain wall

Head loss HL = 1.92 m

q Q/L = #REF! m3/s/m
Ef2 = 1.25
R.L. of cistren D/s TEL - 1.25Ef2 = 95.31 m
Provide cestern level at 95.30 m

Length of cistren
Lt = 5xEf2= = 6.3 m
Provide = 7.0 m

Depth of D/s curtain wall,d d1/2+ 0.6 = 1.10 m

Provide d = 2.00 m
Side protection 3* d = 6.0 m

Total Floor Length

GE = H/d x(1/(π√λ))
H= 1.92 m
d= 2.00 m
GE 0.17
λ= 3.37
α= 5.64
Floor length, b α*d = 11.28 m
Provide b = 13.00 m

Floor thickness

Crest width = #REF! m

U/s glacis = 2.88 m
D/s glacis = 4.98 m
Cistern length = 7.0 m
U/s floor length = 2.00 m
Total length = #REF! m

Creep length = #REF! m

Thickness at toe of glacis = #REF! m
Thickness at end of floor = #REF! m
Provide mimimum thickness at U/s floor = 0.50 m

U/S protection
Provide 0.75m thick crated boulder to a length of 3m at u/s side.

D/S protection
Provide 0.75m thick crated boulder to a length of 6m at d/s side.
 Design of Proportional Divider
Chainage 1+900 of MC
Parent Canal U/S B.W. = 1 m
Parent canal D/S B.W. = 0.7 m
QU/S = 0.1 m3/s
QD/S = 0.05 m3/s
(1) D/S Parent Canal Q= = 0.05 m3/s
(2) Off taking canal Q= 0.05 m3/s
Width of parent canal, W1= 0.7 m
Width of offtaking canal, W2= 0.7 m
Head Over Weir
Hw1= (Q/1.7B) 0.67 = 0.12 m
Hw2= (Q/1.7B) 0.67
= 0.12 m

For Offtaking Canal.

U/S FS depth = 0.9
D/S FS depth = 0.7
Discharge intensity ,q = 0.071
HL= u/s FSD -d/s FS.D 0.2
:.D1 0.20 D2 = 0.4
HL= (D2-D1)3/(4D1D2)
HL = 0.03
Length of Cistern = 5(D2-D1)= 1.00 m Provide 5.00 m
Total floor length & GE
Max static head = 0.9 m

Let U/s and D/s Cut off = 1 m

GE =1/6
GE = Hs/d*1/π√λ
λ= 2.84
α 4.58
Total floor length=αd = 4.58 m

Floor length arrangement

U/s Floor U/s Glacis Crest (m) D/s Glacis D/s floor Total m
(m) (1:1) (3:1) m m
2.7 0.4 0.5 1.3 5.0 10.0
Total creep length = 14 m

Floor thickness at start of D/s floor t= 0.48 m

Provide floor thickness = 0.50 m throughout
Floor thickness at the end of D/s floor= 0.12 m
Provide floor thickness = 0.50 m
Provide U/s floor depth = 0.50 m
 List of structures

SN Structure Type No Canal Chainage

1 Barrage 1 Main Canal 0+000

2 Guide bund & Afflux Bund 1 Main Canal 0+000

4 Proportional Divider 4 Main Canal 0+800, 2+000, 2+600,3+300

5 a)L.D. Syphon(OO) 4 Main Canal 0+500,3+500,4+700,5+100,5+400,

b)L.D. Syphon(OO) 2 Pigauna Br. 1+200,1+900
c)L.D. Syphon(OO) 3 Simardahi Br. 0+700,1+300,2+500
Total 9

6 V.R.B.(4m span) 9 Main Canal 1+600,2+050,3+100,3+300,4+900,5+500,6+,00,6+400,7+200

V.R.B.(2m span) 5 Pigauna Br. 0+100,1+400,2+000,2+400,2+600

1 Musari Br. 0+500
2 Parsa Patali Br. 1+400,1+650,
Total 8
7 Drop(1m) 1 Main Canal 2+100

Drop(.5m) 3 Main Canal 5+500,6+200,6+900

2 simardahi 2+050,3+650
1 Parsa Patali Br. 1+650
Total 6
 Backwater calculation
Bed width of river = B = 70 m
Bed slope of river = Sb = 0.0018 (1 in 550)
Side slope of river = s = 1.5 (1.5H:1V)
Design discharge = Q = #REF!
Manning's coefficient = n = 0.033
yc 1.465 m #REF! 1.42
yn 2.414 m Q= 395
Let yc and yn be critical and normal depth
Let afflux be, h = 0.50 m
Total depth of flow = Z = #VALUE! m
Hydraulic depth = D = (Byc+syc2)/(B+2syc)
Velocity = V = Q/(Byc+syc2)
At critical flow = V/√(gD) = 1.00
By Trial and error from V=√(gD), yc = 1.465 m
By Trial and error from Q=AV, where
A = (Byn+syn2),
R = (Byn+syn2)/(B+2√(s2+12)yn),
yn = 2.414 m
Actual afflux induced due to the construction of weir h = 0.50 m
Then, total depth of flow, y = 2.914 m
Vc = #REF! m/s
Since y > yn > yc, the flow is of M1 type.
Computations are done in the following table.
Change
Total Average Total
Water Depth Area of Velocity Hydraulic Friction in Total River Bank
Parameter Bed level Velocity Energy Friction Distance Energy
level of flow flow head Radius Slope Energy Level
Level Slope Level
Level
Unit m m m m2 m/s m m m - - m m m m
Notation BL WL y A V hv TEL R Sf Sfmean L D TEL TEL'
A/
TEL1+DT
Formula Surveyed Trial WL-BL By+sy2 Q/A V2/2g WL+hv [B+2√(22+ (Vn/R2/3)2 (Sf+Sf)/2 - LSfmean
EL
1)y]
Chainage
0 96.330 99.70 3.37 252.94 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.08 #REF! 99.92
50 96.400 99.79 3.39 254.54 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.10 #REF! #REF! 50.00 #REF! #REF! 99.97
150 96.540 99.97 3.43 257.75 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.13 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 100.16
200 96.630 100.15 3.52 264.99 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.20 #REF! #REF! 50.00 #REF! #REF! 100.23
350 96.800 100.34 3.54 266.60 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.22 #REF! #REF! 150.00 #REF! #REF! 100.62
450 96.970 100.52 3.55 267.40 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.23 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 100.86
550 97.320 100.70 3.38 253.74 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.09 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 101.04
650 97.550 100.88 3.33 249.73 #REF! #REF! #REF! 3.05 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 101.21
750 97.970 101.06 3.09 230.62 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.84 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 101.66
850 98.270 101.25 2.98 221.92 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.75 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 102.12
950 98.400 101.43 3.03 225.87 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.79 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 102.18
1050 98.620 101.61 2.99 222.71 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.76 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 102.34
1150 98.730 101.79 3.06 228.25 #REF! #REF! #REF! 2.82 #REF! #REF! 100.00 #REF! #REF! 102.39

The above calculation shows that the backwater level beyond 200m upstream is quite below the river banklevel. Hence the effect beyond 200m need not be considered.
 DESGIN OF RRM RETAINING WALL (2.5m Ht)
Name of the Project: Chirling Khola Chautis Kaule Majuwa IP
Location: Bhumikasthan-9, Arghakhanchi

0.40 10.00

Ws
Ww2

3.5 2.5

GL Ww1

Wf 0.10
1.0
0.30

1.90
Design Data
Height of wall above ground h= : 2.50 m
Foundation Depth H0 = : 1.00
Total Height of the wall H= : 3.50
Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil pa = : 170.00 KN/m2
Strength of Concrete (M15) σcb = : 5.00 N/mm2
Angle of internal friction or repose φ= : 30.00 deg 0.524
Unit weight of soil γs = : 20.00 KN/m3
Coeff. Of friction between the soil and concrete μ= : 0.55
Unit weight of masonary γd : 22.00 KN/m3
Surcharge angle (slope of embankment or backfill) α 10.00 deg 0.175
Coefficient of active earth pressure ca
ca = sin^2(θ-φ)/(sin^2θsin(φ+β)[1+√{(sin(φ+β)sin(φ-α))/(sin(θ+β)sin(θ-α))}]^2)
ca = [cos α-√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)]cosα/(cosα+√(cos^2α-cos^2φ)
cosα 0.98
cos^2α-cos^2φ 0.22
ca 0.35

1.Total width of Footing

Coeff.of active earth pressure ca = (1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ) = 0.35
Minimum depth of foundation D = pa/γs{(1-sinφ)/(1+sinφ)}^2 1.04 m
Adopt the depth of foundation D1 = 1.00 m
Total height of Rt.Wall H= h+D1 = 3.50 m
Heel coefficient K = 0.36[√(1+(3.4Pa)/(γs*h))-1] 0.92
Total width of footing B = 0.50H√[Ca/(k(1-0.6k))] 1.61 m
Adopt B= 1.80 m
Adopt kB= 0.10
2.Soil Reaction
Let,
thickness of the wall (at top ) t1= 0.38 m
Adopt H/20+.35 0.40 m
thickness of footing at base t3 = h/10 = 0.25 m
Adopt 0.30 m
Determination of Soil reaction
Forces in the Retaining wall in Width
Distance from
S.No Item Forces in KN Moment about toe tip (KNm)
toe (m)
A. Vertical Load
1 Footing
Wf= 12.54 0.950 11.913
2 Wall (Triangular Portion)
Ww1= 49.28 0.867 42.70933
3 Wall (Rectangular Portion)
Ww2= 28.16 0.200 5.632
4 Soil filling over the heel Ws1= 6.4 1.850 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 11.84
5 Soil filling over the heel Ws2= 44.8 0.867 F3x(B-kB+kB/2) 38.82667

Stabilizing Moment
ΣW = 141.18 ΣM = 110.921
B. Horizontal Soil Pressure (-ve force)
1 The active earth pressure Hor active soil pressure Overturning Moment MH1=
Ca*γs*H^2/2 P A= 42.7525
Horizontal component of PA
PA*Cos(θ+φ-90) Pah = 37.02 -1.167 -43.18553
2 Vertical component of PA MR1 =
PA*Sin(θ+φ-90) Pah = 21.39 1.900 40.6431
Total Stabilizing moment = 151.5641
Oveturning momnet = -43.18553
Check for Stability
(i) FoS against overturning = Stabilizing Moment/Overturning Moment
= 3.51 3.51, Should be more than 2 OK
(ii) Frictional resistance between the base and the soil is
Fy = μΣW
= 89.41 KN
FoS against Sliding = μΣW/HF1
2.42 2.42, Should be more than 1.5
= OK

(iii) The position of reaction X from the toe is (l) = 0.67

e= b/2-x 0.283 m, Which should be less than B/6 OK
B/6 = 0.3
Maximum and minimum base pressures
σ = ΣV/b( 1± 6e/b)
+σ = 5.013603824 -σ = 175.620956
Which are within permissible base pressure (bearing capacity of soil is 250 KN/m 2) hence OK
 Design of super Passage
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location: At Chainage 0+600- 12m

Design Data

Drain width = 12.00 m

Clear span L = 12.00 m.
Design Discharge Q = 0.035 cumecs
Manning's rugosity coefficient n = 0.015
Longitudinal slope S = 0.00200
Canal Width U/S B = 0.60 m
Flow depth h = 0.15 m
Reduce the width in the flumed section to = 0.40 m
Provide splay in contraction and splay in expansion
Length for contraction = 1.00
Area of X-section A = 0.06 m
Wetted perimeter P = 0.70 m
Hydraulic radius R=A/P = 0.086
Velocity V=1/n*R^(2/3)*S^0.5 = 0.58 m/s
Actual Discharge Qa = 0.035 m3/s OK

2 3

1
m 0.06m

0.6 m 0.40

1
1.00 12.00
2 3

Flow
1in 500
20 cm

1.00 12.00

Provide crate at d/s side of drain to protect the canal section from scour.
Smilarly, at u/s and d/s side provide an impervious floor with a cutoff and guide wall as per site conditions.
 Design of V.R.B.
Name of the Project: Balewang ISP
Location:
Road width = 7.0 m
Water depth = 0.20 m
Free board = 0.30 m
Clear Span = 0.40 m
Effective span = 0.90 m

Effective span 0.9 m to knife edge moving at 1140 kg/m width of the road way including impact

Assume overall thickness of the slab = 0.25 m

Load distributed per m of the slab = 6.25 KN/m
Maximun bending moment due to distributed load = 0.63 KN-m
Maximun bending moment due to knife edge load = 11.25 KN-m
Total bending moment = 11.88 KN-m
Maximun shear force occurs at the edge of the support
SF due to dead load at the edge of the support = 2.81
SF due to kinfe edge load for the worst condition = 11.40 KN
Total SF 14.21 KN
Depth of slab required
Mu = 0.36*fck*Xu/d*(1-.42Xu/d)bd2
Then, d= 75.78 mm
Provide overall depth 25cm of slab including 25 mm cover

Maximun shear stress = 66.10 KN/m2

= 0.07 N/mm2 less than 0.44 N/mm2 ,safe

t c= 0.44 N/mm
2

Area of steel required

Mu= 0.87 fy*d(1-0.42Xu/d)*Ast
Xu= 0.87 fy*Ast/(0.36fck*b)
Then
0.02106125 Ast2 - 77625.75 Ast+ 11882812.5 =0
1 Ast2 - 3685714.29 Ast+ 564202623.30109 =0
Ast= 153.08459 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia. bar with cross section area= 113.04 mm2
No of bar required = 4 spacing= 250.00 mm c/c
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 250 mm c/c
Top Bars
Area of steel required = 50% of Ast on bottom side= 76.54 mm2
Provide 10 mm dia. bar with cross section area= 78.5 mm2
No of bar required = 4 spacing= 250.00 mm c/c
Provide10 mm dia bar @ 500 c/c
Transverse Reinforcement
Provide 0.15 % of gross concrete area i.e Ast= 375 mm2 per m width of slab
Use 10 mm bar of area = 78.5 mm2
No of bar required= 5 Spacing= 200 mm c/c
Use10 mm dia bar @ 200 mm C/C
10 mm dia top bar @ 250 mm c/c
12 mm dia main bar @ 250 mm c/c
10 mm dia distribution bar @ 200 mm c/c

0.25 m
0.40 m
 Page 50 of 52 Aqueduct

AQUEDUCT DESIGN
Unit Span in m
Description
10
Span m 10.00
Bed width m 0.55
Water depth m 0.20
Free board m 0.20
Total depth m 0.40
A Design of base slab
Step 1
List permissible stress Concrete grade with HY deformed bars
For M20 conc. HY deformed bars M20
pbc N/mm 2
7.00
qc. Max N/mm2 1.80
pst N/mm 230.00
2

qbd N/mm2 1.12

density of conc. N/mm 3
25.00
Density of water N/mm3 10.00
R 0.91
Lever arm factor j 0.90
Step 2
Assume th. of slab= m 0.15
Width of side beam m 0.15
Total width of slab m 0.85
eff. Span of slab m 0.70
Step 3
Load
Slab dead KN/Rm 3.1875
Water load assum full of water KN/Rm 2.2
Total load KN/Rm 5.39
Step 4
Calculation of max BM & Reactions
Max BM (wl^2) wind+live 15% more KN-m 0.37948
Reaction wl/2 KN 2.16847
Max SF F KN 2.16847
Step 5
Calculation of Slab thickness
Mr=Rbd^2 deff. mm 20.4209
Provide cover=40mm do'er all mm 150
deff. mm 104.00
Step 6
Ast=Mr/(pst*j*deff) Ast mm2 17.55
Provide min Ast 0.25%of AC mm2 375.00
Use 10mm dia area= 78.54 mm2 Spacing mm 209.44
Use 10 mm dia c/c Spacing mm 200.00
Act. Ast 392.7
Step 7
Check shear stress qv=F/bd qv N/mm2 0.02085
This is < max permissible qv
As in practice there will be -ve BM at supports
provide top steel similar to bottom steel.

Designed by: Cecked by: Approved by:

 Page 51 of 52 Aqueduct

Distribution steel
From Tab 15.10 of PDSP Manual provide > of
I 0.1% of AC Ast mm2 127.50
ii 20% of Ast Ast mm2 78.54
From Tab 15.9 of PDSP Manual provide 8 mm dia. Specing mm c/c 200.00
Ast mm2 251.00
From Tab 15.9 of PDSP Manual provide 10 mm dia. Specing mm c/c 275.00
Ast mm2 286.00
B Design of side beam
Step 1
Actual depth of beam m 0.55
Assume beam width of 0.15
Step 2
Loads
Beam dead load KN/m 2.0625
Base slab KN/m 1.59375
Water KN/m 1.1
Total KN/m 4.75625
Step 3
Assume support width m 0.50
Effective span m 10.25
Max. BM KN-m 62.4629
Take Max. BM 10% more KN-m 68.7092
Max Rea. KN 26.8134
F KN 26.8134
deff mm 709.482
d o'er all mm 769.482
Provided d o'er all mm 550.00
deff mm 490.00
Ast mm2 429.46
Min.Reinforcement is > 0.25% Ac mm2 206.25
Use25 mm dia area 490.87 mm2 Specing mm c/c 171.451
Ast mm2 429.46
Use16 mm dia area 201.06 mm 2
Specing mm c/c 70.2264
Ast 429.46
Provide dia. 16.00 mm Nos 3.00
Ast mm2 603.19
Provide dia. 25.00 mm Nos
Ast mm2
Total Ast mm2 603.19
Min. bar specing is lesser of:
I Bar dia. mm 16.00
ii C.A.size+5 mm mm 25.00
Actual bar specing :
Beam width mm 150.00
Cover 50 Less cover twice mm 100.00
Stirrups 10 Less stirrups mm 20.00
Less bar nos. 3 mm 48.00
Stirrups 12 Less stirrups mm 0.00
Actual bar specing : mm c/c -18.00
Acceptable Y/N Y

Designed by: Cecked by: Approved by:

 Page 52 of 52 Aqueduct

Step 4
Check for shear force qv=F/bd qv N/mm2 0.36481
Max. allowable qv= 1.8 KN/mm2
Check for shear reinforcement
100As/bd % 0.82
Permissible shear stress in conc qc from table 15.11 qc N/mm2 0.233
qv<>qc <
hence shear reinforcement req./not req. not req.
If required I.e. qv>qc
Now shear force F1= F-qcbd N 9687.86
sv=Asv* Pst*d/F1 10 mm dia. mm 10.00
Provide 10 mm dia stirrup @200 mm c/c As mm2 78.54
Assume specing Sv mm 250.00
Asv mm2 21.49
Check nominal shear reinforcement
Asv > 0.4 fy N/mm2 415.00
b*Sv fy Asv mm2 36.14
Asv is the area of two legs of stirrup.
From table 15.10 Asv mm2 157.08
Provide 10 mm dia stirrup mm c/c 200.00
Step 5
Check local bond stress flbc=Q/jd*Ob
Ob= sum of perimeter of bars in tensile
Local bond stress flbc N/mm2 0.40
Allowable bond stress N/mm2 1.12
Step 6
Top reinforcing steel
I 0.15% AC mm2 123.75
ii 20% Ast mm2 120.637
Use 12 mm dia.bar /16 mm dia. As mm2 113.10
Nos. req. nos 1.09
If Provide 12 mm dia nos 3.00
If Provide 16 mm dia nos
Bars in beam side
0.15 %AC mm2 123.75
Use 10 mm dia / 12 mm dia. As mm2 78.54
Spacing mm c/c 634.665
Provide 10 mm dia Spacing mm c/c 200.00
Provided As mm2 392.70

Designed by: Cecked by: Approved by: