1. What event is commonly associated with the end of the Cold War and the bipolar world order?

A) Fall of the Berlin Wall

B) Cuban Missile Crisis

C) Vietnam War

D) Korean War

2. Which year marks the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

A) 1985

B) 1989

C) 1990

D) 1991

3. Which Soviet leader introduced policies of Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring)?

A) Joseph Stalin

B) Nikita Khrushchev

C) Leonid Brezhnev

D) Mikhail Gorbachev

4. The Cold War was characterized by:

A) Direct military conflict between the USA and USSR

B) Economic competition between China and Japan

C) Ideological conflict between capitalism and communism

D) Nuclear disarmament

5. What was the primary reason behind the collapse of the Soviet Union?

A) Military defeat

B) Economic stagnation

C) Loss of territorial control

D) Popular support for communism

6. Which country emerged as the sole superpower after the end of bipolarity?

A) Russia

B) China

C) United States

D) Japan

7. The term "Iron Curtain" was used to describe:

A) A physical barrier between East and West Berlin

B) The economic policies of China

C) The ideological division between Eastern and Western Europe

D) A Soviet military strategy

8. Which of the following countries was NOT a part of the Soviet Union?

A) Ukraine
B) Poland

C) Kazakhstan

D) Belarus

9. The Warsaw Pact was established in response to:

A) NATO

B) European Union

C) United Nations

D) G7

10. After the dissolution of the USSR, which organization was formed by its former republics?

A) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

B) European Union (EU)

C) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

D) Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

11. Which of the following was a factor in the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe?

A) Military intervention by NATO

B) Economic reforms in the Soviet Union

C) The rise of communism in China

D) The Space Race

12. Who was the first President of the Russian Federation after the fall of the USSR?

A) Vladimir Putin

B) Mikhail Gorbachev

C) Boris Yeltsin

D) Dmitry Medvedev

13. Which agreement led to the unification of Germany in 1990?

A) Treaty of Paris

B) Treaty of Maastricht

C) Two Plus Four Agreement

D) Warsaw Pact

14. Arrange the following events in chronological order:

1. Fall of the Berlin Wall

2. Dissolution of the Soviet Union
3. Gorbachev becomes the leader of the Soviet Union
4. Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

Options: a) 1, 3, 4, 2
b) 3, 4, 1, 2
c) 4, 1, 2, 3
d) 2, 1, 3, 4

15. Arrange these Cold War-related events in the correct sequence:

1. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

2. Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
3. Reykjavik Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev
4. Cuban Missile Crisis

Options: a) 4, 1, 3, 2
b) 1, 4, 3, 2
c) 4, 3, 2, 1
d) 2, 1, 4, 3

16. Which of the following correctly lists the events in order of their occurrence?

1. Unification of Germany
2. Start of Gorbachev's Perestroika and Glasnost reforms
3. Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
4. Collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe

Options: a) 2, 3, 4, 1
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 2, 4, 3, 1
d) 4, 1, 3, 2

17. Arrange the following in the correct chronological sequence:

1. Gorbachev wins the Nobel Peace Prize

2. Disintegration of the Soviet Union
3. Collapse of the Berlin Wall
4. Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Options: a) 3, 1, 4, 2
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 3, 2, 1, 4
d) 2, 4, 1, 3

18. Assertion (A): The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War
era.
Reason (R): The Soviet Union's collapse was primarily caused by the successful military
interventions by the United States during the 1980s.

Options:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost led to greater openness and
restructuring in the Soviet Union.
Reason (R): These policies strengthened the control of the Communist Party over the Soviet
states.

Options:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): The end of the Cold War led to the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in 1991.
Reason (R): The countries of Eastern Europe were eager to align with NATO and the European
Union after the collapse of the Soviet bloc.

Options:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.

21. Which of the following is NOT a founding member of the BRICS group?

a) Brazil

b) India

c) Russia

d) Indonesia

22.The European Union (EU) was established through the signing of which treaty?

a) Treaty of Rome

b) Maastricht Treaty

c) Treaty of Lisbon

d) Treaty of Versailles

23. Which country is known as the "factory of the world" due to its massive manufacturing
capabilities?

a) Germany

b) Japan

c) China

d) South Korea
24. What is the primary purpose of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?

a) Military alliance

b) Economic and cultural cooperation

c) Space exploration

d) Environmental protection

25. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the G7 group?

a) United States

b) Canada

c) Russia

d) Italy

26. The African Union (AU) was established to promote unity and solidarity among African
nations. In which year was it officially formed?

a) 1963

b) 1985

c) 2002

d) 2010

27.Which of the following is a major initiative launched by China to increase its global economic
influence?

a) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

b) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

c) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

d) European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

28. Which regional organization aims to establish a common market among South American
countries?

a) SAARC

b) MERCOSUR

c) CARICOM

d) SCO

29.The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) primarily focuses on cooperation in which

area?

a) Military and security

b) Environmental conservation

c) Space research

d) Humanitarian aid

30. Which country has emerged as a global leader in technology and innovation, especially in
areas like semiconductors and consumer electronics?

a) Japan

b) South Korea

c) India

d) Brazil

31. Arrange the following events in chronological order:

1. Formation of the European Union (EU)

2. Establishment of the BRICS group
3. Launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
4. Creation of the African Union (AU)

Options:
a) 1, 4, 2, 3
b) 2, 1, 4, 3
c) 4, 1, 3, 2
d) 1, 3, 2, 4

32. Arrange these agreements in the correct sequence of their signing or establishment:

1. Signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

2. Formation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
3. Formation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
4. Expansion of the EU with Eastern European countries

Options:
a) 3, 1, 2, 4
b) 1, 3, 4, 2
c) 2, 4, 1, 3
d) 1, 4, 2, 3

33. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order of their occurrence:

1. Formation of G20
2. Adoption of the Euro as a currency
3. Establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) by BRICS
4. Creation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)

Options:
a) 2, 1, 4, 3
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 3, 2, 1, 4
d) 2, 4, 1, 3

34. Which of the following correctly lists these events in chronological order?

1. Establishment of MERCOSUR
2. Formation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
3. Establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
4. Signing of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
(CPTPP)

Options:
a) 2, 1, 4, 3
b) 1, 2, 3, 4
c) 2, 1, 3, 4
d) 4, 3, 2, 1

35. Arrange the following agreements/initiatives in chronological order:

1. Launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)

 2. Signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
3. Creation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
4. Formation of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific
Partnership (CPTPP)

Options:
a) 2, 3, 1, 4
b) 2, 1, 3, 4
c) 1, 2, 4, 3
d) 3, 2, 1, 4

36. The concept of sustainable development was popularized by which report?

a) Rio Summit Report

b) Brundtland Commission Report

c) Kyoto Protocol

d) Montreal Protocol

37. The Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 1997, primarily focuses on:

a) Reducing deforestation

b) Protecting endangered species

c) Limiting greenhouse gas emissions

d) Ocean conservation

38. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) was held in
which city?

a) Tokyo

b) Paris

c) Rio de Janeiro

d) New York

39. Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?

a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy

c) Coal

d) Hydropower

40. The term "Global Commons" refers to:

a) Areas exclusively owned by specific countries

b) Resources shared by all nations

c) Private lands used for agriculture

d) Industrial regions with high pollution

41. Which protocol aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances?

a) Kyoto Protocol

b) Montreal Protocol

c) Paris Agreement

d) Basel Convention

42. The term "Greenhouse Effect" refers to:

a) Protection of plants in greenhouses

b) Warming of the Earth's surface due to trapped heat

c) Increase in agricultural productivity

d) Development of new forests

43. Which country is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the world?

a) India

b) United States

c) Russia

d) China
44. The term "Agenda 21" is associated with:

a) Nuclear disarmament

b) Economic liberalization

c) Sustainable development

d) Digital technology

45. The Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit global temperature rise to below:

a) 1°C

b) 1.5°C

c) 2°C

d) 3°C

46. Which of the following is an example of a non-conventional source of energy?

a) Coal

b) Natural gas

c) Nuclear energy

d) Wind energy

47. "Chipko Movement" is associated with:

a) Water conservation

b) Forest protection

c) Anti-nuclear protests

d) Wildlife preservation

48. Which principle emphasizes that developed countries have a greater responsibility to address
environmental issues?

a) Polluter Pays Principle

b) Precautionary Principle

c) Common but Differentiated Responsibilities

d) Sustainable Use Principle

49. Which of the following is NOT an objective of sustainable development?

a) Economic growth

b) Environmental protection

c) Social equity

d) Unlimited resource extraction

50. The concept of “carbon footprint” refers to:

a) The amount of carbon dioxide produced per person

b) Footprints left in carbon-rich soils

c) Strategies to reduce soil carbon content

d) Techniques for mining carbon

51. Arrange the following international environmental agreements in the correct

chronological order:

1. Paris Agreement
2. Montreal Protocol
3. Kyoto Protocol
4. Rio Earth Summit

Options:
a) 2, 4, 3, 1
b) 4, 2, 3, 1
c) 2, 3, 4, 1
d) 3, 2, 1, 4

52. Arrange these major environmental movements in India in the order they occurred:

1. Chipko Movement
2. Silent Valley Movement
3. Narmada Bachao Andolan
4. Appiko Movement

Options:
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 2, 1, 4, 3
c) 1, 4, 2, 3
d) 3, 1, 2, 4

53. Arrange the following environmental summits/conferences in the order they took place:

1. Stockholm Conference
2. Rio+20 Summit
3. Johannesburg Summit
4. UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen

Options:
a) 1, 3, 2, 4
b) 2, 1, 4, 3
c) 1, 4, 3, 2
d) 1, 3, 4, 2

54. Arrange these global environmental initiatives in the order of their launch:

1. Earth Hour
2. UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
3. Earth Day
4. World Environment Day

Options:
a) 4, 3, 2, 1
b) 3, 4, 2, 1
c) 2, 1, 4, 3
d) 1, 2, 3, 4

55. Arrange the following treaties related to environmental protection in the correct
chronological order:

1. Convention on Biological Diversity

2. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
3. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
4. Convention to Combat Desertification

Options:
a) 2, 1, 4, 3
b) 2, 3, 1, 4
c) 1, 2, 3, 4
d) 4, 3, 2, 1

56. Arrange the following key international initiatives on climate action in chronological
order:
 1. Adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
2. Formation of the IPCC
3. Launch of the Green Climate Fund
4. Paris Agreement

Options:
a) 2, 1, 3, 4
b) 2, 3, 1, 4
c) 1, 4, 2, 3
d) 2, 4, 3, 1