SIMPLE MACHINES

Simple devices that make our work easier

the forcerequired Wheeland axle
reducing eg
e
change
the direction favourabledirection
inflagpoles
eg pulleys

Purposes

reducing effort lever

eg
screwdriver applies more
increasingforceoutput
g forcethan barehands

changethe
direction force
of eg pulleys flagpoles

Law can't becreated

of contentionofenergy energy
it be
only transformed
or can
destroyed
Effort
load

ifᵈʰʰA
Idm.am

yp
fulcrum
simple machines donot add extra
energy
the the is used
Theychange way energy
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Right angled
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longest AB sinO coso tano
1am 5am

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smallest Bc Is
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sino 1 5 0 300

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Pythagoras
theorem
I Indiedplanes tant
coso 215 0 60
0 90

Perpendicular Hypotenuse

5 5am
Ian
T
C Base 2am B

reduced Lesser
effort effort
but extra distance f
longerdistance

Moreffort
shorter
distance

Pulley
11

the
half effort
but a Δ
if
coupon distance
 Simple machines redistribute effort Work Power
butthey can never
produce more

nn
energy energy
icexdisFa
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asculiase

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180
21 Pushing
a wall
bfeet
165cm
F
W FxsxiosI
100 0 COS0 0
Force
long loon
distance 165cm
1.65m

terms
key
Force Push its position
pull s
object changing
Work Force applied to an
Love object
Fxs displacement
welong
acceleration duet 1191
FreeBody Naloon g
Diagram
gravity 220m β
long F MXa
Force 100N
entone
g weight'xg
100N okgxlo Action Reaction
100 10X 10
 Balance 1 100N 9.8
Hermie
the Acceleration

11
10kg
Accelerator acar
of
Increases
speed

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a

40km he to 60km he
changeofspeed
time
Unbalanced x1o
ploy 1000N Ihour
TI9 inigaston
acceleration
finalspeed
u omis initialspeed
time taken
t
v mls
60km h 40km h
IMAD
w.am in

v3 3ms
area
of square sidexside20kmt.hr
3
is 20km he
Earth's
gravity
it acceleration hexhr
providing 20km hour
tomla hour
gv utat motion
hr
20h11 the
equations
of
acceleration time
initialspeed
final
125 12
2
speed

earth moon 10 9 8 4 0
moon 9 mish
lomls
t 3sec gvent at t 3sec
g 1
v I D 10
30ms
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to ut
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at
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6 V moon 5m s
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Vearth
Umoon
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Theforce appliedto a machine

Effort
Load Theobject that needsto be moved
Fulcrum Thefixed around which a lever moves
point

Work Force and Mechanical

energy
W Fx d or Fxs
Joules Newton metres

F 50N d 3m Work done

Example
W Exd
50N 3me
150 J

Mechanical Advantage tells us how much a machine

multiplies theforce we apply

ratio
ofoutput for money
ratio inputforce
of

F IN of 5
t.tt lf
 m
song y
a 50N F 10m s
5kg
F mxa or F
WXg 50N

Date 7ᵗʰApril2025
Areaand perimeter
putting up a wall boundary
I Perimeter 4 side or
5am
area Perimeter side side side side

Note square has all Perimeter 4 5 am or 5 5 5 5

sidesequal 20cm 20am

Area sidex side

moving thegrass 5cg 501

trimminggrass 25cm or
25sq.am

x x x m or sq.ae

a km x km km or
sq Km

Calculations on work done

Q1. A person pulls a sled with a force of 50 N over a distance of 10 m, in the same direction as

motion. Find the work done. W Forex distance cost

50N x lomx F
500
G
50N oblWFand d O
 lom
1
d

1301201 0

Cos 0

when 0 0
coso

on

0 30 45 60 90 120 180

Fi I
coso
14
E E EE E
I
1Tooooo
0
90
d

k
F Fg wefs cost
FSCS90
 it as
Treatnumberwe
F cos90 O
cos 20 12
Cos60 112
005150
12 960 cos30
15
12
730

cos 80 1 so Coso 1
1g g
0 30 45 60 90

FIFF
us

Q2. A person pulls a trolley with 60 N at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. It moves 8 m forward.

Find the work done. 75 60N

W FXS work forex

6ONX8mXC MMyo 6o distance

60 8 240 Joules 8m
02 and not480
MAF
0 90
Y
6 0

3 Its not
why auttefouis
to work upwards
contributing
 forcethat is not 0 or 90 gets broken down to
any 0
2 components
90

Mechanical advantage the MA

higher
lower the effortneeded

knife
Bladf MA lengthofblade
width
Smiple machine
Mechanical to 25
4m
advantage I an

pp
pann
sogou.pe
Lesserthe width the MA
higher
the width the MA
knifemultiplies it by2.5 x 19
2.5 but 2
output F 2 2 5H
5N this makes chopping
easy
Inverse relationships
MA 2.4 3
Light 1,5
MATα class s
length directly proportional
Maths
TMALL.ua Inversely proportional

2 Reading Butchers
knives
 Direct Inverse
3
proportions