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Branches of Science

The document outlines the major branches of science, categorizing them into Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Formal Sciences, and Applied Sciences. It further details the sub-disciplines within Agricultural Sciences, including Agronomy, Horticulture, Soil Science, and more, highlighting their specific areas of study. Each branch and sub-discipline is defined by its focus on various aspects of the natural world, human behavior, and applied scientific principles.

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9 views

Branches of Science

The document outlines the major branches of science, categorizing them into Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Formal Sciences, and Applied Sciences. It further details the sub-disciplines within Agricultural Sciences, including Agronomy, Horticulture, Soil Science, and more, highlighting their specific areas of study. Each branch and sub-discipline is defined by its focus on various aspects of the natural world, human behavior, and applied scientific principles.

Uploaded by

sanailahi77
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science is broadly categorized into several branches based on the subject matter and

methodology. Here are the major branches of science:

1. Physical Sciences

• Physics: Study of matter, energy, and their interactions (e.g., mechanics,


thermodynamics, electromagnetism).
• Chemistry: Study of substances, their properties, and reactions.
• Astronomy: Study of celestial bodies and the universe.
• Earth Science: Study of the Earth, including:
o Geology (study of rocks and Earth's structure)
o Meteorology (study of weather and atmosphere)
o Oceanography (study of oceans)
o Environmental Science (study of the environment and ecosystems)

2. Life Sciences (Biological Sciences)

• Biology: Study of living organisms.


o Botany (study of plants)
o Zoology (study of animals)
o Microbiology (study of microorganisms)
o Genetics (study of heredity and genes)
o Ecology (study of organisms and their environment)
o Physiology (study of functions of living systems)

3. Social Sciences

• Psychology: Study of mind and behavior.


• Sociology: Study of society and social behavior.
• Anthropology: Study of humans, past and present.
• Economics: Study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods/services.
• Political Science: Study of political systems and government.
• Human Geography: Study of human populations and their environments.

4. Formal Sciences

• Mathematics: Study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and abstract structures.


• Statistics: Study of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
• Computer Science: Study of computation, algorithms, and information systems.
• Logic: Study of reasoning and argument structure.

5. Applied Sciences

• Engineering: Application of scientific principles to design and build structures,


machines, and technologies.
• Medical Sciences: Study of human health, diseases, and medicine (e.g., pharmacology,
surgery).
• Agricultural Science: Study of farming, crops, and animal husbandry.
• Environmental Engineering: Application of science to improve the natural
environment.

Major Branches of Agricultural Sciences

1. Agronomy
o Study of field crops and their management (soil, water, fertilizers, etc.).
o Includes crop rotation, irrigation, weed control, etc.
2. Horticulture
o Study of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants.
o Sub-branches:
▪ Pomology (fruits)
▪ Olericulture (vegetables)
▪ Floriculture (flowers)
▪ Landscaping
3. Soil Science
o Study of soil properties, classification, and fertility.
o Includes soil chemistry, physics, microbiology, and conservation.
4. Plant Breeding and Genetics
o Development of improved crop varieties with better yield, disease resistance, and
climate adaptability.
5. Plant Pathology
o Study of plant diseases caused by pathogens like fungi, bacteria, viruses, and
nematodes.
6. Entomology
o Study of insects affecting crops and their control.
7. Agricultural Engineering
o Application of engineering principles to agriculture (e.g., farm machinery,
irrigation systems, drainage).
8. Animal Husbandry
o Management and breeding of livestock like cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, etc.
9. Veterinary Science
o Study of animal health, diseases, and treatment.
10. Agricultural Economics
o Study of the economic aspects of agriculture, including marketing, prices,
policies, and rural development.
11. Agroforestry
o Integration of trees and shrubs with crops and livestock to create sustainable land-
use systems.
12. Fisheries Science
o Study of breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish and other aquatic organisms.
13. Dairy Science
o Study of milk production, processing, and dairy technology.
14. Agricultural Biotechnology
o Application of biotechnology in agriculture to improve crops, develop GMOs,
bio-pesticides, etc.
15. Agricultural Extension and Communication
o Dissemination of agricultural knowledge, technologies, and practices to farmers
and rural communities.
16. Environmental Science & Sustainable Agriculture
o Focus on sustainable farming practices, conservation, and environmental impact
assessment.

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