Cambridge IGCSE™

HISTORY 0470/13
Paper 1 Structured Questions October/November 2024

2 hours

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer three questions in total:
Section A (Core content): answer two questions.
Section B (Depth studies): answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 8 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE) 337704/2
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SECTION A: CORE CONTENT

Answer two questions from this section.

Option A: The nineteenth century

1 Many parts of Europe were affected by revolution in 1848– 49.

(a) Who was Kossuth? [4]

(b) Why did many parts of Europe face the threat of revolution in 1848? [6]

(c) How important were the revolutions of 1848– 49? Explain your answer. [10]

2 The use of force and the use of diplomacy were important to German unification.

(a) What was the Schleswig-Holstein issue? [4]

(b) Why was Bismarck appointed Minister–President in 1862? [6]

(c) Which was more important to German unification: the Austro-Prussian War or the
Franco-Prussian War? Explain your answer. [10]

3 The decades after 1850 were a difficult period for the United States.

(a) Describe President Johnson’s attitude towards Reconstruction. [4]

(b) Why were events in Kansas from 1854 to 1861 important? [6]

(c) How far was President Lincoln responsible for the defeat of the South in the Civil War?
Explain your answer. [10]

4 The assassination at Sarajevo sparked a crisis which led to war.

(a) Describe the impact of German ‘Weltpolitik’ on Europe. [4]

(b) Why did Gavrilo Princip assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand? [6]

(c) ‘Germany was more to blame than Austria for the outbreak of the First World War.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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Option B: The twentieth century

5 Opinions over the nature of the Versailles peace settlement varied.

(a) What were Clemenceau’s aims for the peace settlement? [4]

(b) Why was Germany made to accept the ‘war guilt’ clause? [6]

(c) How important were Wilson’s Fourteen Points in determining the nature of the Versailles
Treaty? Explain your answer. [10]

6 The League experienced some successes but also failure.

(a) What happened during the dispute over Corfu in 1923? [4]

(b) Why was the League’s work with refugees important? [6]

(c) ‘The League’s lack of an army was the main reason why it failed to take effective action over
Manchuria.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

7 The United States did not achieve its aims in Vietnam.

(a) What was the ‘draft’? [4]

(b) Why was the impact of the Tet Offensive disastrous for the United States? [6]

(c) How far was Vietnamisation responsible for the ending of the Vietnam War? Explain your
answer. [10]

8 The Soviet Union was determined to retain control over Eastern Europe.

(a) What was the ‘Prague Spring’? [4]

(b) Why was Soviet control over Hungary in the early 1950s resented by Hungarians? [6]

(c) ‘The Berlin Wall was built to stop East Germans going to the West.’ How far do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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SECTION B: DEPTH STUDIES

Answer one question from this section.

Depth study A: The First World War, 1914–18

9 Troops from the British Empire fought on many fronts.

(a) What happened at Vimy Ridge in April 1917? [4]

(b) Why did war break out in South West Africa? [6]

(c) ‘The most important contribution made by Indian troops to the war effort was in the East
Africa campaign.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

10 The war caused wide-ranging challenges for civilian populations.

(a) Describe Britain’s conscription policy. [4]

(b) Why did Russian civilians face severe food shortages? [6]

(c) Which was more important for Britain: the Battle of Jutland or the development of the convoy
system? Explain your answer. [10]

Depth study B: Germany, 1918–45

11 The Nazis aimed to gain complete control over Germany.

(a) What were the Nuremberg Laws of 1935? [4]

(b) Why was the radio important to the Nazis? [6]

(c) How effective was Nazi control over Germany? Explain your answer. [10]

12 Life changed under the Nazi regime, especially in wartime.

(a) What measures did the Nazis use to encourage marriage? [4]

(b) Why was Goebbels important to the war effort? [6]

(c) ‘The most important way in which the war changed life in Germany was that women went
back to work.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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Depth study C: Russia, 1905–41

13 The Provisional Government struggled to control events after coming to power in 1917.

(a) What reforms were introduced by the Provisional Government in 1917? [4]

(b) Why were the July Days a problem for the Bolsheviks? [6]

(c) Who was more important in the failure of the Provisional Government: Kerensky or Lenin?
Explain your answer. [10]

14 Stalin’s regime brought sweeping changes to the Soviet Union.

(a) Who were the kulaks? [4]

(b) Why did the role of women in Soviet society change in the 1930s? [6]

(c) ‘Stalin introduced the Five-Year Plans for political rather than economic reasons.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

Depth study D: The United States, 1919–41

15 The boom had a significant impact on many sections of the economy.

(a) Describe the state of agriculture at the start of the 1920s. [4]

(b) Why did some traditional industries fail to benefit from the boom? [6]

(c) ‘Technical advances were more important than tariff policies in bringing about the boom in the
1920s.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

16 The collapse of the economy was felt across the United States.

(a) Describe Roosevelt’s campaign for the 1932 presidential election. [4]

(b) Why were many Americans facing poverty and unemployment at the time of the 1932
election? [6]

(c) Which was more responsible for the Wall Street Crash: speculation or long-term weaknesses
in the economy? Explain your answer. [10]

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Depth study E: The Second World War in Europe and the Asia–Pacific, 1939–c.1945

17 War in the Asia–Pacific developed rapidly and Japan made early gains.

(a) Describe events at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. [4]

(b) Why did relations between the United States and Japan deteriorate before the outbreak of
war? [6]

(c) How far do you agree that the main reason for Japanese military success in the Asia–Pacific
in 1942 was the weakness of British forces? Explain your answer. [10]

18 The Allies secured victory over Germany.

(a) What were the Nuremberg Trials? [4]

(b) Why was the defeat of Italy important? [6]

(c) ‘The D-Day landings were more important than events on the Eastern Front in securing the
defeat of Germany.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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