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radar report 1

The document outlines the development of an Arduino-based radar system using an ultrasonic sensor, aimed at providing engineering students with practical knowledge of object detection. The prototype is designed to scan a 180-degree area, detect objects, and display their distance and angle on an LCD. Key components include an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and supporting electronics, with ongoing development focused on enhancing object detection and data visualization.

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klassyks6361
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4 views

radar report 1

The document outlines the development of an Arduino-based radar system using an ultrasonic sensor, aimed at providing engineering students with practical knowledge of object detection. The prototype is designed to scan a 180-degree area, detect objects, and display their distance and angle on an LCD. Key components include an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and supporting electronics, with ongoing development focused on enhancing object detection and data visualization.

Uploaded by

klassyks6361
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arduino-Based RADAR System Using Ultrasonic Sensor

Introduction :

Radar (radio detection and range) systems are important in detecting the distance, angle and
velocity of objects. The project presents a simplified radar model that uses an Arduino
microcontroller and an ultrasonic sensor, providing engineering students a practical
understanding of object detection principles.

Objective :

Develop a functional RADAR prototype capable of scanning a 180-degree area, detecting


objects, and displaying their distance and angle using an LCD.

Components Required :

Component Quantity
Arduino UNO Board 1
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 1
16x2 LCD Display 1
10K Potentiometer 1
SG90 Servo Motor 1
5V Buzzer 1
5mm LEDs (Any Color) 2
Connecting Wires As per required
Breadboard 1
System Overview :

The system integrates an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor, which is controlled by an
Arduino UNO. As the Saro sweeps from 0 to 180 degrees, ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves
to detect objects. The distance and angle of the detected items is displayed on 16x2 LCD, as well
as LED indicators and a buzzer alerts .

Working Principle :

1. Signal Emission: The Arduino sends a 5V signal to the trig pin of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic
sensor, initiating the emission of ultrasonic waves.

2. Object Detection: These waves travel through the air, reflect off objects, and return to
the sensor's echo pin.

3. Distance Calculation: The sensor measures the time taken for the waves to return and
calculates the distance using the formula:

4. Servo Rotation: The servo motor rotates the sensor from 0 to 180 degrees, allowing a
comprehensive scan of the surroundings.

5. Data Display: The calculated distance and corresponding angle are displayed on the LCD.
If an object is within a predefined range, LEDs illuminate, and the buzzer sounds to
indicate proximity.

Circuit Diagram ( our assumption ) :


Software code with explanation :
1. C++ language is used .
2. Took help of the ARDUINO software

This Arduino code controls a servo motor, a distance sensor, an LCD display, a buzzer, and two
LEDs. Here’s a clear and concise explanation of each part of the code:

1. Importing Libraries;

#include <Servo.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

 Servo.h: Allows control of servo motors.

 LiquidCrystal.h: Allows control of LCD displays.

2. Pin Declarations ;

Servo myservo;

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

const int trigPin = 9;

const int echoPin = 10;

const int buzzer = 12;

const int ledPin1 = 14;

const int ledPin2 = 15;

 (LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);) – Is the declaration of the LCD display


 (Servo myservo;) – is the declaration of the servo motors.
 (ṇconst int trigPin = 9,10,12,14,15)-are the input/output pins .
3. Setup Function ;

void setup() {

myservo.attach(11);

lcd.begin(16, 2);

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);

4. Calculate distance;

float calculateDistance() {

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

return duration * 0.034 / 2;

To be continued…….
Conclusion :
The Arduino-based radar project has been successfully started, in which major components
have purchased and some of the software code has been written which includes importing of
libraries , declaration , setup function and calculate distance. As development continues, object
detection will be the next stages to completely functional, working of the servo movement and
display of data visuals .

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