CLASS-10- CHEMISTRY -REVISION - 2

1. Two ores A and B were taken. On heating ore A gives CO2 whereas, ore B gives SO2.
What steps will you take to convert them into metals?
Ans
When a carbonate ore is heated, we get carbon dioxide. A carbonate ore is calcinated to obtain oxide
of the metal. Following equation shows calclnations of zinc carbonate.
ZnCO3 → ZnO+CO2
When a sulphide ore is roasted, we get Sulphur dioxide. Zinc sulphide is roasted to obtain zinc oxide.
2ZnS +3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
After any of the above steps; zinc oxide is reduced to obtain pure zinc.
ZnO +C → Zn + CO

2. (i) Given below are the steps for extraction of copper from its ore. Write the reaction involved.
(a) Roasting of copper (I) sulphide
(b) Reduction of copper (I) oxide with copper (I) sulphide.
(c) Electrolytic refining
(ii) Draw a neat and well labelled diagram for electrolytic refining of copper
Ans
(a) 2Cu2S+3O2→2Cu2O+2SO2
(b) 2Cu2O+Cu2S→6Cu+SO2
(c) electrolytic refining reaction involed :
At cathode: Cu+2 + 2e- → Cu

3. Two organic compounds A and B have the same molecular formula C6H12. Write the names and
structural formulae:
(a) If A is a cyclic compound
(b) If B is an open chain compound
(c) Which compound contains single bonds as well as a double bond?
(d) Which compound contains only single bonds?
Ans
(a) If A is a cyclic compound, then C6H12. is the molecular formula of the compound named
cyclohexane.
(b) If B is an open chain compound, then C6H12 is the molecular formula of the compound named
hexene.
(c) Hexene (B) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon comprising both single-bonded and double-bonded
carbon atoms.

(d) Cyclohexane is an alkane which contains only single-bonded carbon atoms.

4. Name compound formed zinc react with sodium hydroxide

Ans
Zinc reacts with excess sodium hydroxide to form sodium zincate (Na2ZnO2) along with hydrogen gas.

Zn+ NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2

P,Q,R are three elements which undergo chemical reaction according to the following equation
(i) P2O3+2Q→Q2O3+2P
(ii) 3RSO4+2Q→Q2(SO4)3+3R
 (iii) 3RO+2P→P2O3+3R

Answer the following questions

a) Which element in most reactive?
b) Which element is least reactive?
c) State the types of reactions involved.
Ans
(a) Most reactive metal is Q as it has replaced both P and R from their compounds.
(b) Element R is least reactive as it has been replaced by both R and Q.
(c) Displacement reaction.

5. A spoonful of black copper oxide is added to a beaker containing warm and dilute hydrochloric acid, what would
you observe? Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved?
Ans
When HCl reacts with copper oxide, the black color of copper oxide turns blue due to formation of its
corresponding salt i.e. copper chloride. Water is formed along with salt.
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O

6. P is an aqueous solution of acid and Q is an aqueous solution of base. When these two are diluted separately,
then –
a) pH of P decreases while that of Q increases till neutralisation.
b) pH of P increases while that of Q decreases till neutralisation
c) pH of both P and Q decreases.
d) pH of both P and Q increases.
Ans
b) pH of P increases while that of Q decreases till neutralisation

7. A water insoluble substance X on reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid released a colourless and odourless gas
accompanied by brisk effervescence. When the gas passed through water, the solution obtained turns blue
litmus red. On bubbling the gas trough lime water, it initially became milky and milkiness disappeared when the
gas was passed in excess. Identify the substance X. Write the chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Ans
The water insoluble substance X is calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
When calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid(HCl) react, they produces a colourless and odourless carbon
dioxide gas (CO2).
The chemical reaction equation involved in this reaction is as follows:
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
When CO2 reacts with water (H2O), it produces carbonic acid (H2CO3), which turns blue litmus red.
The chemical reaction equation involved is as follows:
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
When CO2 is passes through lime water [Ca(OH)2], it turns it milky.
The chemical reaction equation involved is as follows:
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
When CO2 is passed through lime water (Ca(OH)2) in excess, calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2 is formed,
resulting in a colourless solution.
The chemical reaction equation involved is as follows:
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2.
8. What happens when write only chemical equation bleaching powder reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
Ans
When bleaching powder is treated with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid all the chlorine present in it is
liberated: CaOCl2 + 2HCl ---------> CaCl2 +Cl2 + H2O.
9. Consider the following salts : (i) XCl (ii) NH4Y (iii) ZCO3
Answer the following questions giving reason in each case.
(a) If ' X ' is sodium, what is the pH of XCl ?
(b) If ' Y ' is sulphate, what colour would the aqueous solution of NH4Y give when a few drops of universal
indicator are added to it ?
(c) If ' Z ' is calcium, what would be the change in colour in blue litmus paper when a drop of ZCO3 is poured on
it?
Ans
(a) If 'X' is sodium, then XCl is NaCl (sodium chloride). Sodium chloride is a neutral salt formed from a strong
acid (HCl) and a strong base (NaOH). Therefore, the pH of NaCl in aqueous solution is 7.
(b) If 'Y' is sulfate, then NH4Y is (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate). Ammonium sulfate is formed from a weak base
(NH4OH) and a strong acid (H2SO4). The solution of ammonium sulfate in water is slightly acidic. When a few
drops of universal indicator are added to it, the color would be orange or yellow, indicating an acidic pH.
(c) If 'Z' is calcium, then ZCO3 is CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). Calcium carbonate is a basic salt. When a drop of
CaCO3 solution is poured on blue litmus paper, there will be no change in color because blue litmus paper
does not change color in basic solutions.

10. Give reasons for the following :

(i) Only one half of water molecule is shown in the formula of Plaster of Paris.
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid.
(iii) On strong heating, blue coloured copper sulphate crystals turn white.

Ans
(i)Only one-half of the water molecule is shown in the formula of Plaster of Paris because 2 formula units of
CaSO4 (Calcium sulphate) share 1 molecule of water of crystallization.
(ii)Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid because of the alkaline nature it reacts with the excess
acid in our stomach and thus neutralizes it and gives relief to the stomach.
(iii)On strong heating, blue coloured copper sulphate crystals turn white:
CuSO4.5H2O(Blue) → CuSO4(white) + 5H2O
Due to loss of water of crystallization, white colour CuSO4 is obtained.
11. metal nitrate A on heating gives yellowish brown coloured metal oxide along with brown gas B and a colourless
gas C. An aqueous solution of A on reaction with potassium iodide forms a yellow precipitate of compound D.
Identify A, B, C and D. Also, identify the types of reactions taking place. Metal present in A is used in an alloy
which is used for soldering purposes.
Ans
The metal nitrate (A) is lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) on heating it produces lead oxide, Nitrogen dioxide (B) and
oxygen gas (C)
(1) 2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
on reaction with potassium iodide mixture of lead iodide and potassium nitrate forms
(2) Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI→ PbI2 + 2KNO3
Alloy made of using lead is used in Soldering purpose.
Therefore A = Pb(NO3)2, B = NO2 ; C = O2 ; D = PbI2
(2) Decompostion type Reaction
(2) Double displacement type Reaction.

12. Ashok has written the following reactions to show how metals can be obtained from their ores.
P) 2 Fe2O3 + 3C → 4 Fe + 3 CO2
Q) Na2O + C → 2 Na + CO
R) ZnO + C → Zn + CO
S) CuO + C → Cu + CO Identify the INCORRECT reaction(s) among them.
A. only P B. only Q C. only P and R D. only Q, R or S
 Ans
B. only Q
13. The following reactions are carried out in open vessels.
P) 2Cu (S) + O2(g) H e a t → 2cuO (s)
Q) Zn (S) + CuSO4 ⟶ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu (s)
R) 2FeSO4 (s) H e a t → Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
Which of the following correctly shows if the weight of the reaction vessel and contents increases, decreases or
remains the same after the reaction as compared to before the reaction?

Ans: (D)
In chemical reactions, the law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed. Therefore,
the weight of the reaction vessel and its contents will remain the same before and after the reaction, provided that no
gases escape from the vessel. Let's analyze each reaction:
P) In the reaction of copper and oxygen to form copper(II) oxide (CuO), all reactants are solid and gas, and since the
reaction occurs in an open vessel, the mass of the system increases after the reaction. Gases are present as the
reactant.
Q) In the reaction of zinc with copper(II) sulfate, zinc displaces copper. Again, all reactants and products are
contained in the vessel, so the mass remains the same.
R) In the decomposition of iron(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate decomposes into iron(III) oxide and gases (SO2 and SO3).
Here, since gases are produced and escape into the atmosphere, the mass of the reaction vessel and its contents
decreases after the reaction.
Thus, the weight changes as follows:

• Reaction P: Increases
• Reaction Q: Remains the same
• Reaction R: Decreases

14. Which of the following arrangements is correct?

A. wine -> milk of magnesia -> blood
B. blood -> milk of magnesia -> wine
C. milk of magnesia -> blood -> wine
D. wine -> blood -> milk of magnesia
Ans: C
wine (pH 4.0), milk of magnesia (pH 10.5), blood (pH 7.4)
15. (i)“Keerthi thinks that Substitution reaction occurs in saturated Hydrocarbons, on the contrary Krishi thinks, it occurs
in unsaturated Hydrocarbons.” Justify with valid reasoning whose thinking is correct.
(ii) “Methane and Propane and their Isomers are used as fuels” Comment. Draw the electron dot structure
of the immediate lower homologue of Propane. Give any two characteristics of homologues of a given
homologous series.
(iii) A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you predict why a mixture of ethyne and air is
not used?
 Ans:
(i) Keerthi’s thinking is correct as substitution reactions occur in saturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen atoms
are replaced with heteroatoms in saturated hydrocarbons. Whereas in unsaturated hydrocarbons an
addition reaction occurs, simple molecules are added across double and/or triple bonds. (1)
(ii) Methane and propane undergo combustion reaction in presence of oxygen and produce large amount of
energy. (1)

The lower homologue of propane is ethane has the following electron dot structure:

ANY TWO CHARACTERISTICS

- Difference in -CH2- / 14u molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues.
- Same general formula/ functional group
- Similar chemical properties
- Gradual change in physical properties

(iii) The mixture of ethyne and oxygen in sufficient amounts undergoes complete combustion to fire a clean blue
flame. In pressure of insufficient supply of oxygen or in presence of air, ethyne does not undergo complete
combustion and produces sooty flame.

16. (i) ‘A’ & ‘B’ are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acid and long chain Sulphonic acid respectively. Which one of A
or B will you prefer as a cleansing agent while using underground water (hand pump water)? Give the reason for
your answer.
(ii) Elaborate on the process of cleansing action. Illustrate micelle with the help of labelled diagram.
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from an ester CH 3COOCH3. What is the name of
this process?
Ans:
(i) ‘B’ is preferred for cleansing action. The calcium and magnesium salts present in underground water are
precipitated with carboxylic acids. The Ca++ and Mg++ salts of sulphonic acid are soluble in water. ‘B’ is a
more effective cleansing agent in presence of Ca and Mg salts. (1)
(ii)
Soaps are molecules in which the two ends have differing properties, one is hydrophilic, that is, it dissolves
in water, while the other end is hydrophobic, that is, it dissolves in hydrocarbons.
The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap
dissolves in water while the carbon chain dissolves in oil. The soap molecules, thus form structures called
micelles where one end of the molecules is towards the oil droplet while the ionic end faces outside. This
forms an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in dissolving the dirt in water and we can wash our
clothes clean.
 (iii) The process is called saponification, and the balanced equation is:
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH → CH3COONa + CH3OH
17.

A. Derive the names of A, Y, Z, M, P & R

B. Improvise an activity to test Z.

C. Name the process in which compounds X, Y & Z are formed from A. Justify your response.
Ans:
A - Sodium chloride
Y - Chlorine gas,
Z - Hydrogen gas,
M - Sodium metal,
P - Sodium ethanoate &
R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester

C. Chlor alkali process

The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium
hydroxide.
18. A. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid experimentally.
B. Give the IUPAC name of the first member of Alkene which is formed by addition of conc.
sulphuric acid to ethanol. Illustrate the change with the help of a chemical equation.
C. “All combustion reactions are oxidation but all oxidation reactions are not combustion.” Justify.
Ans:
Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to give rise to salt, carbon dioxide and water.
But Ethanol has no reaction with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
B. Ethene

C2H5OH + Hot Conc. Sulphuric acid CH2=CH2 + H2O

C. In combustion reactions oxygen is added hence all combustion reactions are oxidation, whereas in
oxidation reactions, energy may or may not be released (along with the products), hence all oxidation
reactions are not combustion reactions.