MOI FORCES ACADEMY

FORM THREE ENGLISH HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT – APRIL 2025

INSTRUCTIONS: READ AND COPY THE FOLLOWING NOTES IN YOUR NOTE BOOK.

READ “FATHERS OF NATIONS” BY PAUL B. VITTA TO THE END

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

Also known as Idioms. They are phrases or words with a figurative meaning different from their
literal meaning.

Idiom Meaning Sentence Example

Under the weather Feeling ill / Getting a cold My mom was feeling a bit under the
weather.

Cold feet Becoming nervous It was her chance to speak and she
was getting cold feet.

Apple of my eye Used to refer to someone My younger brother is the apple of my

whom you are very fond of or eye.
like

Set the record To reveal the truth / To In order to set the record straight, the
straight clarify umpires checked the camera to
review the previous shot.

Kill two birds with a Achieve two results by doing None of us understood that he was
stone one thing trying to kill two birds with a
stone when he joined the military
forces.

Snowed under To be busy My father seems to have

been snowed under for the last few
weeks.

To break To do or say something that Glint just broke my bubble when he

someone’s bubble proves someone else’s said that he was a part of it.
beliefs are not true

Walk on eggshells To be very careful with your Talking to my mom about my grades
actions and words made me feel like I was walking on
eggshells.
Bite the bullet Finish something no matter Danny had been putting off discussing
how unsatisfying or the financial management of the
unpleasant it is / Get company but decided to bite the
something over with bullet and talk to Sid today.

Make two ends To have just enough money Harry and Hani are finding it really
meet for all your needs difficult to make two ends meet.

To be at To quarrel or disagree Jithin’s parents seem to be at

loggerheads with loggerheads over something or the
someone other all the time.

Pretty penny Expensive The dress she wants for her birthday
will cost a pretty penny.

Break a leg Used instead of good luck The teacher asked us to break a leg at
the annual day dance.

Through thick and At all times – both good and My friends are always there for me
thin bad – through thick and thin.

Beat around the Not saying directly Jason’s neighbour kept beating
bush around the bush and did not give a
direct answer.

Hang in there Stay strong in a difficult Hang in there! Everything will be okay
situation before you know it.

Cut corners Purchase something in the I often cut corners in order to buy
least expensive way or do something for my brother.
something easily / reduce
expenses

Steal someone’s Directing the attention and Monica claimed that Rachel tried
thunder doing something to gain to steal her thunder.
praise and preventing
another person from gaining
praise

Call it a day To stop doing something After the movie, we had planned to go
to the beach, but we decided to call it
a day as everyone was tired.

Better late than To do something rather than Well, we thought it was better late
never not doing than never, but where are the others?
Stick to your guns Stay morally strong or be The lawyer asked Rakesh to stick to
firm in decisions especially his guns if he wants to win the case.
when being opposed

Leave no stone To look everywhere without The police were determined not
unturned missing a spot or to take to leave any stone unturned.
every effort possible to
achieve something

Clouds on the Problems/ Trouble Vishnu sensed that there were

horizon multiple clouds on the horizon.

A blessing in Something that you think is Me catching a cold was a blessing in

disguise bad but turns out to be a disguise.
blessing

Blue in the face To be exhausted due to Usha looked blue in the face after the
strain or anger marathon.

Make a long story To say something in simple We decided to cut the long story
short words in a brief manner short and tell them what actually
happened at the mall.

Cup of tea Not something that a person Cooking has never been Rachel’s cup
would do of tea.

Beating a dead Overdoing something or an She was just beating a dead horse in
horse action that is pointless thinking she could change his mind.

Speak of the devil A phrase used to refer to a Speak of the devil! Here he comes.
person who appears as soon
as they are being mentioned

Let sleeping dogs To stop discussing something The police had warned us to let
lie that is already over or sorted sleeping dogs lie and move ahead
out with our lives.

Let the cat out of Reveal a secret carelessly Adharsh just let the cat out of the
the bag bag by revealing the gender of the
baby.

Elephant in the A controversial problem or a We had to identify the elephant in the

room major issue room before we made a decision.
To say in a nutshell To sum up the points and be The teacher asked us to quote the
brief findings in a nutshell.

Worth its weight in To be highly valuable Every word of what you say is worth
gold its weight in gold.

To weather the To go through something My mom taught me how to stand

storm difficult strong and weather the storm.

A piece of cake An easy task Solving the Wordle everyday was

just a piece of cake.

Get your act To stop fooling around and It is time you get your act
together do something in the way it together and do something useful.
should be done

Cost an arm and a Used to refer to something I think it will cost an arm and a leg to
leg that is extremely expensive get the car my brother wants.

On top of the world A state of extreme happiness Niya seemed to be on top of the
world since she heard the news of her
son’s promotion.

Time is money To work quickly in the time The manager encouraged the
that is left employees to realise that time is
money and work harder.

Get out of hand Not in one’s control anymore The situation has gotten out of
hand and there is nothing anyone
here can do to help.

Like two peas in a Be together always My cousin and I are always like two
pod peas in a pod.

Know which way To understand what is As a detective, you are always obliged
the wind blows happening to learn which way the wind blows and
then make a statement.

Hit the nail on the To do something the exact Harish hit the nail on the head with
head way in which it should be his decision to buy this piece of land.
done / Also refers to giving a
direct answer

Catch more flies Getting what you want by If you ask politely, you may be able
with honey than being nice to catch more flies with honey than
you can with you can with vinegar.
vinegar

Let someone off Releasing someone or letting The court decided to let the guy off
the hook someone go the hook as there was no evidence
proving his crime.

Like riding a bicycle A skill that you learn and will Learning a language is like riding a
never forget bicycle; you will never forget it.

Blame one’s tools Blaming something on When he understood he had no way

someone else out of the problem, he blamed his
tools.

It’s not rocket Not that difficult to Cooking sambar is easy; I will figure it
science comprehend out. After all, it is not rocket science.

Spill the beans Reveal a secret Remya spilled the beans about her
sister coming to her mom.

Get the show on Start something or begin an The circus company had completed its
the road enterprise trail run and was ready to get the
show on the road.

Pull the last straw The final point in a series of Sheetal decided to pull the last
unfortunate events when you straw and inform the manager about
feel you cannot take it what was happening in the office.
anymore

That ship has sailed It is too late to do something Norah said that she won’t be
performing live anymore as she
announced to the press, “That ship
has sailed”.

It is always the Something good is coming / Do not be worried about what is going
darkest before Things will get better on in your life right now; it is always
dawn the darkest before dawn.

Have one’s head in To have no concentration at I knew that you had your head in the
the clouds all clouds throughout the ceremony.
What happened to you?

On thin ice Used to refer to a sensitive Zeke was on thin ice; he had to figure
scenario or a person who is out a way to help his brother.
 in trouble

Give a cold Act rudely to someone Nobody knows why Dias gave Rayon a
shoulder cold shoulder.

Cannot make an Everything has a cost to pay You just have to understand that
omelette without you cannot make an omelette without
breaking some breaking some eggs.
eggs

Once bitten, twice Being extremely cautious as Nitheesh has been extremely careful
shy you have been hurt already with making new friends. After
all, once bitten, twice shy right?

Bolt from the blue Something that happens The news of my friend’s pregnancy
unexpectedly or without a was a bolt from the blue.
warning

When it rains, it When everything goes wrong They not only left home late but also
pours at once got stuck in traffic. When it rains, it
pours.

Miss the boat To act too slowly and miss an You will miss the boat if you wait any
opportunity longer.

Pull someone’s leg To make fun of someone Kevin’s friends kept pulling his leg all
evening.

No pain no gain Suffering or making efforts is It is better you start learning now. It
required to achieve will be difficult but no pain, no gain.
something

See eye to eye Have the same opinion or It is highly required that you both see
have the same point of view eye to eye if you want this resolved.

Wear your heart on To be extremely open about Divya wears her heart on her sleeve;
your sleeve what you feel and think she tends to get hurt very often.

Takes two to tango Two persons are equally It is not possible Sandhya is the only
responsible for what is one involved. After all, it takes two to
happening or has happened tango.

Come rain or shine No matter what happens Come rain or shine, I will be there for
you.
So far so good Means that everything has Everything so far has been so good.
turned out well until that
point

Comparing apples To compare two things that Comparing a doctor’s profession to a

to oranges are completely different and teacher’s profession is like comparing
cannot be compared apples to oranges.

When pigs fly When something uncanny or Pigs would fly if you cooked.
impossible happens

Curiosity killed the Asking too many questions or It is better we don’t dig more into this
cat involving too much in other case; curiosity killed the cat.
people’s affairs will get you
into trouble

The best of both Good in every way Having my best friend is the best of
worlds both worlds.

Burn bridges Do something to spoil Susan did not realise she would
relationships be burning bridges when she took up
the job.

The whole nine Refer to everything that is He has to sell the whole nine yards if
yards there he wants to buy that house.

Grass is greener on Never being satisfied with For her, grass is always greener on
the other side what one gets the other side.

Every dog has its Everyone gets a chance Do not worry about it. Every dog has
day his day. Today, it is his.

Counting your Expecting good results She started counting her chickens
chickens before before something is done before they hatched. That will only
they hatch disappoint her; I hope she
understands.

Go down in flames To fail terribly Everything went down in flames when

we lost the lottery.

Adding fuel to the Aggravating the problem She was just adding fuel to the
fire fire telling Tom’s mom about his
health.
Wrap your head Try to make sense about My mom was finding it hard to wrap
around something what is going on her head around the fact that I am
getting married tomorrow.

Cut the mustard Do a perfectly good job The police cut the mustard in finding
the gang that robbed the bank.

Jump from the Refers to a situation He did not know he was jumping off
frying pan into the becoming worse the frying pan into the fire when he
fire decided to speak about the problems
at work.

Cry over spilt milk Worrying or complaining There is no use crying over spilt
about something that cannot milk; you just have to move on with
be fixed/rectified your life.

Have a method to Seeming to be crazy but in Everyone thinks he is crazy, but he

one’s madness fact, clever sure has a method to his madness.

Do something at Do something unplanned He can plan a whole trip at the drop of

the drop of a hat a hat.

Get wind of To have information about It is so hard to get wind of what is

something something secret going on here.

Hear it from the To know something from the We finally heard it from the horse’s
horse’s mouth person involved mouth.

Fit as a fiddle To be in good health My great grandmother is

surprisingly fit as a fiddle.

Take everything Refers to being sceptic and My mom always asks to believe
with a pinch of salt not believing blindly everyone with a pinch of salt.

A pain in the neck Refers to a person who is Rayana was a constant pain in the
annoying neck.

The best thing A good and useful invention The smartphone is the best thing
since sliced bread since sliced bread.

Walk in the other’s To understand what the You will not understand unless
shoes other is going through you walk in their shoes.

Break the ice To make people feel The communication trainer conducted
 comfortable with those who an activity to break the ice.
are unfamiliar to them

Having a monkey To have a problem that you Not completing my degree is

on your back cannot solve or get rid off a monkey on my back.
easily

Go on a wild goose Doing something pointless Finding the red and black dress I saw
chase online felt like going on a wild goose
chase.

Rain cats and dogs Raining heavily It has been raining cats and
dogs since yesterday.

Once in a blue Very rarely We met each other only once in a

moon blue moon.

Bark up the wrong Following a misguided or He did not know he was barking up
tree mistaken thought or action the wrong tree.

Have the ball in One can make a call / decide Rahul finally had the ball in his court.
one’s court on their own

Devil quoting the Good things being twisted for Mephistopheles speaking about going
Bible selfish and evil purposes to heaven is like the devil quoting the
Bible.

The devil is in the Refers to something that Haven’t you heard the devil’s in the
details seems to be good only from details?
a distance

Other fish in the More opportunities My father told me not to worry about
sea the competition as there would
be other fish in the sea.

A snowball’s No chance at all at surviving You will require a snowball’s chance in

chance in hell hell to clear this exam.

Something ain’t It is not over yet / there is For all we know, this will not end until
over until the fat more to the situation the fat lady sings.
lady sings

Bounce off the To be extremely excited and The children were bouncing off the
walls energetic walls the moment they heard about
 going to an amusement park this
weekend.

As right as rain Something is perfect I don’t know about the others, but I
feel that your decision is as right as
rain.

To get bent out of To be upset, to take offence, My cousins have been bent out of
shape to be angry shape after my uncle passed away.

Every cloud has a There is always some good in Do not be worried about your current
silver lining every thing that happens / situation; after all, every cloud has a
Something good will happen silver lining.
after something bad

Play the devil’s To argue or fight over We had no idea why he was playing
advocate something just for the sake the devil’s advocate when he knew
of it what had happened.

Cross that bridge Deal with the problem when I know there are decisions to be made
when we get to it it happens about the selling of the house but we
will cross that bridge when we get to
it. As of now, let us focus on this.

Throw caution to To take a risk Gaurav threw caution to the wind in

the wind trying to save me from the accident.

A penny for your Used to ask someone what I would like to give a penny for your
thoughts they are thinking thoughts.

Bite off more than To do more than you can My mom thinks that my brother
you can chew is biting off more than he can chew by
taking up a night job and a day job.

Judging a book by Judge or form an opinion on People are known to always judge a
its cover someone based on book by its cover.
appearances

Rain on one’s To spoil someone’s moment Rachel did not really think she
parade of praise / To spoil something was raining on Monica’s parade when
she announced about her new job.

By the skin of your By a very narrow margin, the The doctors said that Manu had
teeth slightest if chances escaped serious injuries by the skin of
his teeth.
Put all your eggs in Doing something risky Rounak’s parents think that he
one basket is putting all his eggs in one basket.

Put something on To hold off something We decided to put the case on

ice ice until we had some clue of what
had happened.

Cannot have a cake Cannot have everything for It is not at all that you have the cake
and eat it too yourself and eat it too.

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are common English expressions that combine a verb with a
preposition or adverb to create new meanings. For instance, “turn off” means
“to turn off” a device, and “look after” means “to take care of.” These
combinations are extremely frequent in everyday English and are used in
both informal conversations and more formal contexts.

Phrasal Meaning Examples

Verb
Abide by respect or obey. (the law, a decision, a rule) If you want to stay at this school, you must
abide by the rules.
Account explain, give a reason I hope you can account for the money you
for spent!
Add up make sense, seem reasonable Her story just doesn't add up.
Advise recommend not doing something The doctor advised him against carrying
against heavy loads.
Agree with have the same opinion as somebody else. I agree with you. I think she deserves the
award too.
Aim at point something in the direction of a target The policeman aimed his gun at the hijacker.
Allow for take into consideration, include in a You'd better leave early to allow for traffic
calculation jams.
Appeal to 1. plead or make an earnest request 1. The organizers appealed to the crowd to
2. be attractive or stay calm.
interesting 2. A trekking holiday doesn't appeal to me.
Apply for make a formal request for something, (job, He applied for the job he saw advertised in
permit, loan etc.) the newspaper.
Avail take advantage of something (an When the company is privatized, you should
 (oneself) of opportunity) avail yourself of the opportunity and buy
some shares.

List of Phrasal Verbs – 2

Phrasal verbs starting with letter B

Phrasal Meaning Examples

Verb
Back away move backwards, in fear or dislike When he saw the dog, he backed away.
Back withdraw, concede defeat Local authorities backed down on their plans
down to demolish the building.
Back up 1. give support or encouragement 1. If I tell the boss we've got too much work,
2. make a copy of (file, program, etc.) will you back me up?
2. It is recommended to back up all files in a
secure location.
Bail out 1. pay money to secure someone's release 1. When he was arrested, his family refused to
2. rescue from financial difficulties bail him out.
2. The government bailed out the bank.
Bank on base your hopes on someone/something Don't forget the date. I'm banking on your
help.
Boil down be summarized as The problem boils down to a lack of money.
to
Boot up start a computer by loading an operating Just give me a few minutes to boot up the
system or program. computer.
Break escape from captivity A few horses broke away from the paddock.
away
Break 1. go out of order, cease to function 1. Nitish's car broke down so he had to take the
down 2. lose control of one's emotions bus.
2. The parents broke down when they heard
the bad news.
Break into enter by force Burglars broke into the house around
midnight.
Break out start suddenly Rioting broke out as a result of the strike.
Break out escape from a place by force Three prisoners broke out of jail.
of
 Break up come to an end (marriage, relationship) After her marriage broke up, Seema went to
live in London.
Bring up raise (a child) She stopped working in order to bring up her
children.
Brush up improve, refresh one's knowledge of Meena had to brush up on her English before
on something going to America.
Bump into meet by accident or unexpectedly Padma bumped into her English teacher at the
supermarket.
Burn out 1. stop (something) working 1. The fuse has burnt out.
2. become exhausted from over-working 2. Tom will burn himself out if he doesn't slow
down.

List of Phrasal Verbs – 3

Phrasal verbs starting with letter C

Phrasal Meaning Examples

Verb
Call back return a phone call I'll call you back as soon as possible.
Call off cancel The meeting was called off because of the strike.
Call on/upon formally invite or request I now call upon the President to address the
assembly.
Calm down become more relaxed, less angry or He was angry at first but he eventually calmed
upset down.
Carry on continue He carried on gardening in spite of the rain.
Carry out 1. do something as specified (a plan, 1. The plan was carried out to perfection.
an order, a threat) 2. Tests are carried out to determine the efficiency
2. perform or conduct (test, of a new drug.
experiment)
Carry over postpone until later As regards holidays, can you carry over any days
from one year to the next?
Check in register at a hotel or airport For security reasons you have to check in two
hours before your flight.
Check out 1. pay one's bill and leave (a hotel) 1. Is Mr. Kumar still at the hotel? No, he checked
2. investigate out this morning.
2. I don't know if the address is still valid. I'll
check it out.
Clam up refuse to speak When the teacher arrived she clammed up.
 Clamp down act strictly to prevent something The government has decided to clamp down on
on smoking in public places.
Come across 1. find by chance 1. Veena came across some photographs of her
2. appear, seem, make an impression grandparents in the store room.
2. The candidate came across as a dynamic person
during the interview.
Come present oneself The police have asked any witnesses to come
forward forward.
Come up be faced with or opposed by The project came up against a lot of criticism.
against
Count on rely or depend on (for help) I'm counting on the taxi driver to find the theatre.
Cross out remove by drawing a line through In some exercises, you are asked to cross out the
incorrect word.
Cut down on reduce in number or size The doctor told him to cut down on cigarettes.
Cut out 1. remove using scissors 1. She cut out a picture in a magazine.
2. stop doing something 2. I'm going to cut out eating between meals.

List of Phrasal Verbs – 4

Phrasal verbs starting with letters D-F

Phrasal Meaning Examples

Verb
Deal with handle, take care of (problem, situation) The manager is good at dealing with difficult
customers.
Die down calm down, become less strong When the applause died down, she started to
sing.
Do without manage without The shops are closed so we'll have to do without
sugar.
Drag on last longer than expected We expected a short speech but it dragged on
and on!
Draw up write (contract, agreement, document) An agreement was drawn up and signed by the
two parties.
Dress up 1. wear elegant clothes 1. Do people dress up to go to the opera in your
2. disguise oneself country?
2. Children love to dress up at Halloween.
Drop in visit, usually on the way somewhere I sometimes drop in to see my grandparents on
my way home from school.
 Drop off 1. deliver someone or something 1. I'll drop you off at the bus stop if you like.
2. fall asleep 2. Granddad often drops off in front of the TV.
Drop out leave school without finishing She decided to go to art school then dropped out
after the first term.
End in finish in a certain way; result in Their marriage ended in divorce.
Ease off reduce, become less severe or slow After Christmas the workload generally eases
down (pain, traffic, work) off.
End up finally reach a state, place or action If he continues his misconduct he'll end up in
prison.
Even out 1. eliminate differences of opinion. 1. After a long discussion they managed to even
2. become level or regular out their differences.
2. The road was evened out to make it safer.
Fall fail; doesn't happen Our planned boat trip fell through because of the
through storm.
Figure out understand, find the answer I'm trying to figure out how to assemble the
bookshelves.
Fill out complete (a form/an application) Please fill out the enclosed form and return it as
soon as possible.
Find out discover or obtain information I'm going to call the cinema to find out what
time the film starts.
Focus on concentrate on something The advertising campaign will focus on the
quality of the product.

List of Phrasal Verbs – 5

Phrasal verbs starting with letter G

Phrasal Verb Meaning Examples

Get along (with) be on good terms; work well with I get along (well) with my mother-in-law.
Get at imply What exactly are you trying to get at?
Get away escape The robbers got away in a black car.
Get by manage to cope or to survive It's difficult to get by on a low salary.
Get in enter How did the thief get in?
Get into (+noun) enter How did the thief get into the house?
Get off 1. leave (bus, train, plane) 1. You should get off the bus at the main
2. remove market of the town.
 2. She can't get the stain off her sweater.
Get on board (bus, train, plane) You can pay when you get on the bus.
Get on with continue to do; make progress Be quiet and get on with your homework.
(something)
Get on (well) with have a good relationship with I get on very well with my colleagues.
(somebody)
Get out leave How did he get out?
Get out of (+noun) leave How did he get out of the house?
Get out of avoid doing something Some husbands manage to get out of
doing any housework.
Get over recover from (illness, My grandmother had pneumonia but she
disappointment) got over it.
Get rid of eliminate It's difficult to get rid of old habits.
Get together meet each other Let's get together for lunch on day.
Get up rise, leave bed I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
Give up stop doing something Rajesh gave up smoking 5 years ago.
Go through experience Priya went through a lot of pain after the
accident.
Grow up spend one's childhood; develop; He grew up in a small village in the
become an adult mountains.

List of Phrasal Verbs – 6

Phrasal verbs starting with letters H-L

Phrasal Verb Meaning Examples

Hand in submit (report, homework) All application forms must be handed in before the
end of the month.
Hand out distribute Samples will be handed out at the end of the
demonstration.
Hang up end a phone conversation "Don't hang up. I haven't finished yet."
Hit at aim a blow at He hit at the wasp with the newspaper.
Hit back retaliate; reply to an attack When he was attacked by the others, the boy hit
back.
Hit on/upon find unexpectedly or by She hit upon an idea for her new collection.
 inspiration
Hold on 1. wait 1. "Hold on please. I'll put you through to Mr.
2. grip tightly Khanna"
2. She held on to the railing as she crossed the
bridge.
Hurry up be quick, act speedily Hurry up! We'll miss the bus.
Iron out resolve by discussion, eliminate The meeting tomorrow will be an opportunity to iron
differences out difficulties.
Join in participate She was too shy to join in the game.
Join up 1. engage in, become a member of 1. Deven was in the Army and Shekher joined up as
2. meet and unite with soon as he left school.
2. The two groups of tourists joined up at the hotel.
Jot down take quick notes I jotted down the address while watching the
programme on TV.
Keep on continue doing something It told him to be quiet but he kept on making noise.
Keep up with stay at the same level as someone Karan walks so fast it's difficult to keep up with him.
or something
Kick off begin, start The football match kicked off at 3 o'clock.
Leave out omit, not mention The child's name was left out of the report.
Let down disappoint You promised to come to the party, so don't let me
down!
Look after take care of A babysitter looks after the children when their
parents go out.
Look ahead think of the future It's time to forget the past and look ahead.
Look down consider as inferior He tends to look down on anyone who is not
on successful.
Look on be a spectator at an event Billu didn't take part in the fight. He just looked on.
Look for try to find something Seema went to the shops to look for a pair of shoes.
Look await or anticipate with pleasure I look forward to seeing you soon.
forward to
Look up to admire He was a wonderful teacher and many students
looked up to him.

QUANTIFIERS 'few', 'a few', 'little' and 'a little.

"A few":

This is used with plural, countable nouns to indicate a small, but positive, number.

Example: "I have a few friends" (implies you have some friends)

"Few":

This is also used with plural, countable nouns, but it implies a small number that is often
insufficient or negative.

Example: "There are few places where you can still see these birds" (implies there
aren't many places)

"A little":

This is used with uncountable nouns to indicate a small, but positive, amount.

Example: "We've got a little time" (implies you have some time, which is a good thing)

"Little":

This is also used with uncountable nouns, but it implies a small amount that is often
insufficient or negative.

Example: "There's little money left" (implies not much money, which is a problem)

PRONOUN CASE

Case refers to the way a noun or pronoun is used in a sentence. When it is the subject
of a verb, it is in the subjective case (also called the nominative case). When it is the
object of a verb or a preposition, it is in the objective case. When it possesses
something, it is in the possessive case.

With nouns, the subjective and objective cases aren't a problem because nouns keep
the same form whether they are subjects or objects.

 The frog ate the bee. The bee stung the frog.

Some pronouns, however, take different forms depending on whether they are subjects
or objects. These pronouns are listed below

Subjective Objective

I me
he him
 she her
we us
they them

Examples

1. I will save the documents for him. (I is the subject. Him is an indirect object.)

2. They surprised her with the party. (They is the subject. Her is a direct object.)

3. Melissa and he will attend the ceremony. (He is part of the subject.)

4. That conversation took place between Mario and me. (Me is part of the object of the
preposition.)

5. We students should stand up for our rights. (We is the subject.)

6. The government should not penalize us taxpayers. (Us is the direct object.)

7. Gina doesn’t know who sent her the Valentine’s Day card. (Who is a subject. Here it can be
replaced by I, he, she, we, they: He sent her . . . .)

8. Choose friends whom you can trust. (Whom is an object. Here it can be replaced by them:
them you can trust/you can trust them).

9. No one knows the rules as well as she. (Subject: No one knows the rules as well as she knows
the rules.)

Exercises: Choose the correct pronoun in each sentence.

1. Later that evening, (her / she) and her husband went out for dinner.

2. The coaches aren’t sure (who / whom) will receive the MVP Award.

3. The professor accused Dora and (I / me) of cheating.

4. The owner told (us / we) employees that we had exceeded expectations.

5. Percy and (he / him) will present their research results at the conference.

6. She resembles a person (who /whom) I have met before.

7. The park ranger said that Brett and (I / me) should leave immediately.

8. We are better writers than (them / they).

9. (Us / We) nature-lovers signed the petition against the construction of the condominiums.

10. As usual, this will be a contest between (her / she) and (I / me).

ATTRIBUTIVE AND PREDICATIVE

ADJECTIVES
Most adjectives can occur both before and after a noun:

the blue sea ~ the sea is blue

the old man ~ the man is old
happy children ~ the children are happy
Adjectives in the first position - before the noun - are called
ATTRIBUTIVE adjectives. Those in the second position - after the
noun - are called PREDICATIVE adjectives. Notice that predicative
adjectives do not occur immediately after the noun. Instead, they
follow a verb.
Attributive adjectives directly precede the noun they modify (e.g., "a tall
man"), while predicative adjectives follow a linking verb and describe the
subject (e.g., "The man is tall").
Attributive Adjectives:
Definition: Attributive adjectives are descriptive words that come before the noun they modify,
acting as a direct modifier of the noun.
Examples:
"A tall building"
"The old house"
"A sudden movement"
"A very happy man"
Predicative Adjectives:
Definition: Predicative adjectives are descriptive words that come after a linking verb (e.g., "is,"
"are," "was," "were") and describe the subject of the sentence.
Linking Verbs: Linking verbs connect the subject to a description or state of being.
Examples:
"The building is tall."
"The house was old."
"The man is very happy."
"Joey seems hungry today.