Materi Gizi Dan Pencegahan Kanker Usus Dan Hati
Materi Gizi Dan Pencegahan Kanker Usus Dan Hati
AFILIASI
AhliGiziID
Mochammad Rizal, MS, RD Indonesia Sport Nutritionist Association
Prime Nutrition Consulting
Indonesia Fitness Trainer Association
BOOKS AND
E-BOOKS
lynk.id/rizalnutritionist
BOOKS AND
E-BOOKS
lynk.id/rizalnutritionist
SPEAKER AND CONTRIBUTOR
TODAY’S TOPICS
1 THE DEFINITION AND RISK FACTORS
4 HEALTHY TIPS
THE DEFINITION
AND RISK FACTORS
WHAT IS CANCER???
Akibat adanya proliferasi tak
terkendali dari sel-sel yang telah
mengalami transformasi dan
berkembang melalui perubahan
genetik atau epigenetic
Colorectum Lung
11.6% 9.5%
Other
48.5% Others
50.8%
Cervic Uteri
Liver 9%
9.7%
Lung
4.4% Cervic Uteri
16.8% Colorectum
Nasopharynx Colorectum
Prostate Ovary 8.7%
7.7% 6.3% Liver
7% 6.9% 5.8%
Breast
32.9%
Colorectum
17.7%
Colorectum
16%
Lung
28.5%
Cervix Uteri
18.3% Lung Cervic Uteri
19.3% 17.2%
L
Hepatitis B dan C dan bertambahnya usia
ER
minuman/hari) = ↑resiko N C Merokok
16% COLON C A
Mengandung >60 bahan
karsinogenik yang dapat
merusak DNA
Sindrom metabolik, diabetes, dan
obesitas
Sindrom metabolik ↑ resiko 81%
Alkohol
Diabetes ↑resiko 2-3x lipat Konsumsi 2-3x ↑resiko 20%
Obesitas pada dewasa awal ↑resiko 2- sedangkan >3x ↑40%
3x lipat
Castro-Espin, C., et.al. 2023. Dietary patterns related to biological mechanisms and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: results from a cohort study
RED MEAT AND COLORECTAL CANCER
Ma, H. and Qing, X. 2023. Red Meat Consumption and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Analysis of Global Data
ALCOHOL AND LIVER CANCER
Liu, Z., et.al. 2022. Alcohol consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma: novel insights from a prospective cohort study and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analysis
MENGAPA POLA MAKAN BERPENGARUH
TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEMBUHAN DAN
KEJADIAN KANKER???
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Bojková, B., et.al. 2020. Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence
RED MEAT AND PROCESSED MEAT
100 gram daging merah = ↑resiko
kanker 17%
Bojková, B., et.al. 2020. Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence
Sawicki, T., et.al. 2021. A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis
HIGH SUGAR INTAKE
Konsumsi ≥2 sajian minuman manis
↑resiko kanker colon 75%
Epner, M., et.al. 2022. Understanding the Link between Sugar and Cancer: An Examination of the Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
ALCOHOL
Faktor pemicu kanker:
Produksi spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) dan
spesies nitrogen reaktif (RNS) → metabolisme
oksidatif etanol
Produksi asetaldehida mutagenik → metabolit
pertama dari etanol
Deplesi S-adenosilmetionin → perubahan
epigenetik
Inaktivasi tumor suppressor genes,
Ketidakseimbangan hormonal, Gangguan
metabolisme asam retinoat
Xiaogang, H., et.al. 2022. The role of nutrition in harnessing the immune system: a potential approach to prevent cancer
THE RECOMMENDATIONS TO PREVENT CANCER
High fiber
Focus on real food
Limit alcohol and sugar
intake
Torres, A., et.al. 2024. Dietary Interventions for Cancer Prevention: An Update to ACS International Guidelines
MEDITERRANEAN DIET
Pola diet tinggi buah-buahan, sayuran,
kacang-kacangan, polong-polongan, ikan,
sereal termasuk biji-bijian utuh, serta
minyak zaitun extra virgin (EVOO) dan
rendah konsumsi daging merah → High
fiber and low saturated fatty acid diet
Bojková, B., et.al. 2020. Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence
MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND CANCER
Maso, M.D., et.al. 2020. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Mortality after Breast Cancer
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Gosal, H., et.al. 2021. The Significance of the Mediterranean Diet in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
HIGH FIBER DIET
Serat ↓lonjakan ROS/RNS dan indeks
glikemik makanan
Bojková, B., et.al. 2020. Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence
PUFA MUFA
MUFA dan PUFA menekan NF-κB melalui reseptor
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR) dan memiliki efek antiinflamasi
Bojková, B., et.al. 2020. Dietary Fat and Cancer—Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence
DAIRY PRODUCT
Calcium menghambat proliferasi dan mutasi
sel tumor/kanker
Jin,S. and Je, Y. 2021. Dairy Consumption and Total Cancer and Cancer-Specific Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH
Ubago-Guisado, E., et.al. 2021. Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review
HEALTHY TIPS
Aim to consume fish 2
times/week
Limit red meat intake to 1-2
times/week
Avoid processed meats Max 50 grams/day (4 tsp)
Plant-based sources of
protein: beans, lentils,
chickpeas, tofu, and nuts
Frequency: 3-5/week
Intensity: Exercise zone 60-
85% ; DNM (220-usia = 100%)
TIme: 150'/week (moderate)
or 75'/week (high)
Type: aerobic, anaerobic, and
flexibility exercises
Refined grains seperti Whole grains seperti Sirup, soda, minuman Air putih, infused
roti, sereal, biskuit, roti gandum, whole oat, kaleng/kemasan, water, air kelapa,
roti tawar, pastry quinoa, soba, barley minuman manis jus buah
MANAGE YOUR FOOD PORTION
PIRING T ISI PIRINGKU
1/4
Protein
1/4
Protein
No Krupuk
CARA OLAH
No Krupuk No Krupuk
PADU PADAN
TO DO LIST GOAL: ANGAN-ANGAN VS ACTION
ANGAN-ANGAN ACTION: SMART
Umum dan tidak spesifik Specific: Tentukan target spesifik
“Aku akan makan sayur di setiap makan utama”
Tidak ada rencana konkret untuk
mencapainya Measurable: Gunakan angka dan batas waktu
Sulit tercapai kalau tidak ada action “Minimal 3 porsi sayur per hari”
Berujung “wacana” Achievable: Buat langkah nyata dan rinci untuk
mencapai goals nya
“Mau diet ah!” “Aku bakal meal-prep sayuran tiap weekend
untuk makan dan persediaan selama 1 minggu”
“Mau gak mageran lagi” Relevant: Kesesuaian antara tujuan dengan
manfaat yang ingin dicapai
“Mau hidup sehat”
Sayur penting untuk kesehatan pencernaan dan
memenuhi kebutuhan serat harian
Hanya fokus di mengurangi konsumsi gula Tambahkan serat dan protein agar lebih kenyang
dan mengurangi craving makanan manis
Tidak mau nyamil sama sekali Tambahkan opsi camilan sehat seperti kacang-
kacangan, yogurt, atau buah segar
Mengurangi kalori harian secara ekstream Tambahkan sayuran dalam porsi lebih banyak
agar tetap kenyang dengan kalori yang lebih
seimbang
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