1_ch02_SQ_e

[10162061] <lvl=easy><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=4><bk=1><ch=02>
An air conditioner is used to cool a room of size 4.0 m by 3.0 m by 2.5 m. The
specific heat capacity of air is 1000 J kg1 C1. The mass of a cubic metre of air is
1.15 kg.

(a) Find the heat capacity of the air inside the room. (2 marks)
(b) How much energy has to be removed from the air to lower the temperature
from 33 C to 25 C? (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Heat capacity of air = mc 1M
= (4  3  2.5)  1.15  1000
= 3.45  104 J C1 1A
(b) Energy removed = mcT 1M
= 34 500  (33 – 25)
= 2.76  105 J 1A
-- ans end --

[10162110] <lvl=easy><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=4><bk=1><ch=02>
(a) State the meaning of heat capacity. (2 marks)
(b) What is the difference between heat capacity and specific heat capacity?
(1 mark)
(c) Object X has a higher heat capacity than object Y. If both objects are cooled
by 5 C, which object will release more energy? (1 mark)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Heat capacity of an object is the energy transferred by heating 1A
in order to raise the temperature of the object through 1 C. 1A
(b) Heat capacity depends on the mass of the object while specific heat
capacity is independent of the mass of the object. 1A
(c) X 1A

1
1_ch02_SQ_e

-- ans end --

[10162151] <lvl=easy><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
A 1-kW heater is used to heat a 50-kg metal block for 3 minutes. The temperature
of the metal block rises by 27.7 C. Assume that there is no energy loss to the
surroundings.
(a) Show, by calculation, that 1 kW h = 3.6 MJ. (2 marks)
(b) Find the specific heat capacity of the metal block. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) 1 kW h = 1000  3600 W s 1M
= 3 600 000 W s
= 3 600 000 J
= 3.6 MJ 1A
(b) Energy supplied by heater = energy absorbed by metal block
Pt = mcT 1M + 1M
1000  3  60 = 50  c  27.7
c = 130 J kg–1 C1 1A
The specific heat capacity of the metal block is 130 J kg–1 C–1.
-- ans end --

[10162192] <lvl=easy><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=4><bk=1><ch=02>
A metal block of mass 4 kg is heated up in a water bath. The water bath supplies
28 800 J of energy to the metal block and the temperature of the metal block
increases for 18 C.
(a) Find the heat capacity of the metal block. (2 marks)
(b) Find the specific heat capacity of the metal block. (2 marks)

2
1_ch02_SQ_e

-- ans --

Solutions Marks

Q 1M
(a) Heat capacity =
ΔT

28 800
=
18

= 1600 J C1 1A

C 1M
(b) Specific heat capacity =
m

1600
=
4

= 400 J kg1 C1 1A

-- ans end --

[10161589] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=9><bk=1><ch=02>
 The figure below shows the set-up for measuring the specific heat capacity of a
metal block.

thermometer

to power supply
metal block
via joulemeter

immersion heater

cotton wool

polystyrene tile

(a) Why are a few drops of oil added into the holes in the block before inserting
the heater and thermometer? (1 mark)
(b) Should the final temperature be recorded immediately after the heater is
turned off? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
(c) The data obtained in the experiment is as follows.
Initial joulemeter reading: 12 513 J
Final joulemeter reading: 35 219 J

3
1_ch02_SQ_e

Initial temperature: 26 C
Final temperature: 48 C
Mass of block: 3 kg
Find the specific heat capacity of the block. (2 marks)
(d) How would the result in the experiment be affected if the block is not
wrapped with cotton wool? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) To ensure good thermal contact between the heater, the thermometer
and the block. 1A
(b) No, 1A
the highest temperature obtained after turning off the heater should be
recorded as the final temperature 1A
because the heater is still hotter than the block just after it is turned off. 1A
(c) Q = mcT 1M
35 219  12 513 = 3c (48  26)
c = 344 J kg1 C1 1A
The specific heat capacity of the block is 344 J kg1 C1.
(d) The energy loss to the surroundings would be significant, 1A
so more energy is needed to heat up the block / temperature change of
the block would be smaller. 1A
Therefore, the result will be larger than the actual value. 1A
-- ans end --

[10161739] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=6><bk=1><ch=02>
 A liquid at 25 C is heated by a heater. It does not boil in the process. The power
P of the heater varies with time t as shown. The energy loss to the surroundings is
negligible.

4
1_ch02_SQ_e

P/W

500

200

0 t/s
20

(a) How much energy is transferred from the heater to the liquid from 020 s?
[Hint: The area under a Pt graph (the shaded region) is equal to the amount
of energy transferred within the time period.] (2 marks)
(b) The heat capacity of the liquid is 3500 J C1. Find the temperature of the
liquid at t = 20 s. (2 marks)
(c) If the same liquid of a larger mass at 25 C is heated at the same power P for
the same period time, would the final temperature of the liquid be higher or
lower than the answer in (b)? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy transferred = area under Pt graph
1 1M
= (500 + 200)20
2
= 7000 J 1A
(b) By Q = CT, 1M
7000 = 3500 (T  25)
T = 27 C 1A
The temperature of the liquid is 27 C.
(c) The final temperature of the liquid would be lower than the answer in 1A
(b) 1A
because the heat capacity of the liquid is larger.
-- ans end --

[10161751] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=6><bk=1><ch=02>
 Equal mass of sand and water at the same temperature are put at the same distance
from an incandescent lamp (Fig a). Temperature sensors are used to record the

5
1_ch02_SQ_e

temperatures of the sand and the water. The temperaturetime graphs of the sand
and the water are shown in Figure b.

temperature
incandescent
lamp
X

Y
temperature
sensors

sand water
time

Fig a Fig b
(a) Which curve in Figure b corresponds to the water? Explain briefly. (2 marks)
(b) Equal mass of sand and water at 50 C are allowed to cool at room
temperature. Figure c shows the variation of the temperature T of the sand
with time t.
T / C

50

26
sand
0 t/s

Fig c
Sketch the Tt graph for the water in the same graph. (2 marks)
(c) The above experiment shows an important property of water. Name two daily
life phenomena that are related to this property of water. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Curve Y corresponds to the water. 1A
Water has a higher specific heat capacity than sand, 1A
so its temperature increases more slowly.

6
1_ch02_SQ_e

(b)
T / C

50
water

26
sand
0 t/s

(Correct initial and final temperatures) 1A

(Water cools more slowly than sand) 1A

(c) Water can be used as coolant. 1A

Coastal areas have milder seasons compared with inland areas of the
same latitude. 1A
(Or other reasonable answers)
-- ans end --

[10161927] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 Two objects X and Y are heated separately by identical heaters of power 400 W.
Both objects are at 25 C initially. The figure below shows the variation of their
temperatures T with time t.
T / C

65
X
50
Y
25

0 t/s
100

(a) Find the heat capacities of X and Y. (3 marks)

(b) Then the heaters are removed and X at 65 C is put in contact with Y at 50
C. Heat is transferred between X and Y. No energy is lost to the
surroundings. What is the final temperature when X and Y reach thermal
equilibrium?
(2 marks)
-- ans --

7
1_ch02_SQ_e

Solutions Marks
(a) Apply Pt = CT. 1M
Pt 400 100 1A
Heat capacity of X = = = 1000 J C1
T 65  25

Pt 400 100 1A
Heat capacity of Y = = = 1600 J C1
T 50  25
(b) Energy lost by X = energy gained by Y
1M
1000 (65  T) = 1600 (T  50)
1A
T = 55.8 C
The final temperature is 55.8 C.
-- ans end --

[10162246] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=8><bk=1><ch=02>
 An iron wok of mass 2 kg containing cooking oil of mass 1 kg is heated by a
stove. It takes 5 minutes to raise the temperature of the wok and the oil from
20 C to 180 C.
(a) Find the total energy absorbed by the wok and the oil in the 5 minutes.
Specific heat capacity of iron = 460 J kg1 C1
Specific heat capacity of cooking oil = 2000 J kg1 C1 (2 marks)
(b) Estimate the heating power of the stove. What assumption is made?
(3 marks)
(c) Is the estimated power in (b) greater or smaller than the actual power of the
stove? Explain briefly. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy absorbed = m1c1T + m2c2T 1M
= 2  460  (180  20) + 1  2000  (180  20)
= 4.67  105 J 1A
(b) Assume that all the energy given out by the stove is absorbed by the
wok and oil. 1A
Q 1M
Power =
t

8
1_ch02_SQ_e

4.67 10 5
=
5 60
= 1560 W 1A
(c) Since some of the energy given out by the stove is lost to the
surroundings, 1A
the energy supplied by the stove is more than the energy absorbed by
the wok and oil. 1A
Hence, the estimated power is lower than the actual power. 1A
-- ans end --

[10162488] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 A student turns on three identical air conditioners in a classroom of dimensions
9 m  8 m  3 m. The mass of air in every cubic metre is 1.15 kg. The specific
heat capacity of air is 1000 J kg1 C1. Assume that no air goes in or out of the
classroom and there is no heat transfer between the classroom and the outside.
(a) What is the total mass of air in the classroom? (1 mark)
(b) If the temperature of the classroom drops from 33 C to 25 C, how much
energy is removed from the air in the classroom? (2 marks)
(c) If each air conditioner can remove 2000 J of heat from the classroom per
second, how long does it take to cool the classroom from 33 C to 25 C?
(2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Total mass of air in the classroom = (9  8  3)  1.15
= 248.4 kg
 248 kg 1A
(b) Energy removed = mcT， 1M
= 248.4  1000  (33  25)
= 1 987 000 J
 1.99  106 J 1A
(c) By Q = Pt, 1M
Q 1 987 000 1A
time needed = = = 331 s
P 3 2000
-- ans end --

9
1_ch02_SQ_e

[10162575] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=9><bk=1><ch=02>
 A cup of water at 50 C is mixed with another cup of unknown liquid X. The mass
of water is 100 g and that of X is 500 g. The final temperature of the mixture is
70 C.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg1 C1
Specific heat capacity of X = 1500 J kg1 C1
(a) Does the internal energy of the water increase or decrease after mixing?
What is the change in internal energy of the water? (3 marks)
(b) Before mixing, is the temperature of X higher or lower than that of the water?
Explain briefly. (3 marks)
(c) Before mixing, what is the temperature of X? State the assumption you have
made. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) The internal energy of the water increases after mixing. 1A
Change in internal energy = mcT 1M
= 0.1  4200  (70  50)
= 8400 J 1A
(b) Since the water absorbs energy from X, 1A
and heat is always transferred from a hot body to a cold body, 1A
the temperature of X is higher than that of the water. 1A
(c) Assume that no energy is lost to the surroundings. 1A
Energy gained by water = energy lost by X
1M
8400 = 0.5  1500  (T  70)
T = 81.2 C 1A
The temperature of X before mixing is 81.2 C.
-- ans end --

[10162593] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 A solar heater is installed on the roof of a house. At noon, it can heat up water
from 17 C to 57 C when water flows through it at a rate of 0.8 kg min1.

10
1_ch02_SQ_e

(a) Find the energy absorbed by the water in one minute. The specific heat
capacity of water is 4200 J kg1 C1. (2 marks)
(b) Estimate the average power of the solar heater. (2 marks)
(c) How will the final temperature of the water change if the flow rate increases?
(1 mark)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy absorbed = mcT 1M
= 0.8  4200  (57  17)
= 1.344  105 J
1A
 1.34  105 J
Q 1M
(b) Average power =
t

1.344 10 5
=
60

= 2240 W 1A
(c) The final temperature of the water will decrease. 1A
-- ans end --

[10162625] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 A hot water system provides warm water for shower as shown. The system has an
electric heater of power 16 kW. The temperature of the cold water flowing into
the system is 15 C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg1 C1.
electric
heater

cold water hot water

cold water

(a) The flow rate of water through the heater is 4 kg min1. Find the temperature
of the hot water leaving the heater. (3 marks)

11
1_ch02_SQ_e

(b) Suppose you want to take a shower with water at 42 C. This can be done by
mixing the hot water in (a) with some cold water at 15 C. Find the flow rate
of the cold water. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) In one minute, 4 kg of water flows through the heater.
Energy supplied by heater = energy absorbed by water
Pt = mcT 1M + 1M
16 000  60 = 4  4200  (T  15)
T = 72.14 C
1A
 72.1 C
The temperature of the hot water is 72.1 C.
(b) In one minute,
energy lost by hot water = energy gained by cold water
1M
m1cT1 = m2cT2
4  (72.14  42) = m2  (42 – 15)
m2 = 4.47 kg
The flow rate of cold water is 4.47 kg min1. 1A
-- ans end --

[10162709] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=6><bk=1><ch=02>
 The soup in the figure is pre-cooked and stored at a low temperature. Before
eating, people usually heat it up with a microwave oven.

(a) Suppose the soup is heated at a rate of 800 W from 5 C to 50 C by a

microwave oven for 45 seconds. Find the heat capacity of the soup. (3 marks)
(b) If the temperature of air around the soup increases after heating, is the actual
heat capacity of the soup higher or lower than that found in (a)? Explain your
answer. (3 marks)
-- ans --

12
1_ch02_SQ_e

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy supplied by the oven = energy gained by the soup
Pt = CT 1M + 1M
800  45 = C  (50  5)
C = 800 J C1 1A
1
The heat capacity of the soup is 800 J C .
(b) Since the temperature of air increases, it has absorbed some energy. 1A
Therefore, the energy absorbed by the soup is less than 800 W. 1A
Hence, the actual heat capacity of the soup is lower than that found in
(a). 1A
-- ans end --

[10162877] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=4><bk=1><ch=02>
 A hot water system provides warm water to the users of a clubhouse for shower. It
has an electric heater which, on average, supplies 10 000 kg of water at 50 C per
day. Suppose the temperature of the water supplied to the heater is 15 C. The
specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg1 C1.
(a) How much electrical energy is used by the heater per day? (2 marks)
(b) On average, how much is paid per day for the electricity used by the heater?
Electricity costs $1.1 per kW h. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) By Q = mcT, 1M
electrical energy used =10 000  4200  (50  15) = 1.47  109 J 1A

1.47 109 1M
(b) 1.47  109 J = kW h = 408 kW h
60 60 1000
Cost of electricity per day = 408  1.1 = $449 1A
-- ans end --

[10162959] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=7><bk=1><ch=02>
 A pot of cooking oil is heated by an immersion heater of power 1 kW. The mass
of the cooking oil is 500 g. The variation of the temperature of the oil with time is
shown in the figure below.

13
1_ch02_SQ_e

temperature / C
200

150

100

50

time / s
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0

Assume that all energy supplied by the heater is absorbed by the cooking oil.
(a) Find the energy absorbed by the cooking oil in the first 180 s. (2 marks)
(b) Find the specific heat capacity of the cooking oil. (2 marks)
(c) It is found that the temperature of the pot increases as the cooking oil is
heated. Explain whether the actual value of the specific heat capacity of the
cooking oil is higher or lower than that found in (b). (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy absorbed = Pt 1M
= 1000  180
= 1.8  105 J 1A
(b) By Q = mcT, 1M
Q 1.8 10 5 1A
specific heat capacity = = = 2400 J kg1 C1
mT 0.5 ( 200  50 )
(c) Since the temperature of the pot increases, it absorbs energy from the
immersion heater. 1A
The energy actually absorbed by the cooking oil is less than that
supplied by the heater. 1A
Hence, the actual value of the specific heat capacity of the cooking oil
is lower than that found in (b). 1A
-- ans end –

[10162977] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 Cups A and B carry an equal amount of water. The initial temperatures of the
water in cups A and B are 30 C and 60 C respectively. Half of the water in cup
A is transferred to cup B. Assume that no energy is lost to the surroundings.

14
1_ch02_SQ_e

30 C 60 C TB
TA
Cup A Cup B Cup A Cup B

(a) Find the final temperatures TA and TB of the water in cups A and B
respectively. (3 marks)
(b) Suppose cup A carries more water than cup B initially. How will this affect
the answers in (a)? (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) TA = 30 C 1A
Let m be the initial mass of water in each cup.
Energy gained by cold water = energy lost by hot water
1 1M
mc (TB – 30) = mc (60 – TB)
2
TB = 50 C 1A
(b) TA will be unchanged. 1A
TB will be lower than 50 C. 1A
-- ans end --

[10163014] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=6><bk=1><ch=02>
 Simon is preparing a cup of hot tea with lemon. He warms 250 ml of tea at 25 C
to 80 C.
(a) How much energy is needed to warm up the tea?
Mass of 1 ml of tea = 1 g
Specific heat capacity of tea = 4200 J kg1 C1 (2 marks)
(b) In reality, is the energy needed to warm up the tea more than or less than that
in (a)? Why? (2 marks)
(c) He put 80 g of lemon at 4 C into the hot tea. What is the final temperature of
the lemon tea? The specific heat capacity of lemon is 3810 J kg1 C1.
Assume that no energy is lost to the surroundings. (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks

15
1_ch02_SQ_e

(a) By Q = mcT, 1M
energy needed = 0.25  4200  (80  25) = 5.78  104 J 1A
(b) In reality, more energy is needed to warm up the tea than that in (a). 1A
This is because energy is lost to the surroundings. 1A
(c) Energy gained by lemon = energy lost by tea
1M
mLcLTL = mT cTTT
0.08  3810  (T  4) = 0.25  4200  (80  T)
1A
T = 62.9 C
The final temperature is 62.9 C.
-- ans end --

[10163106] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 Hot water at 95 C fills 20% of the capacity of a glass. Cold water from a jar is to
be poured into the glass to give warm water at 35 C.

cold
hot water water
(95 C)
glass jar

Assume that the energy loss to the surroundings and the heat capacity of the glass
are negligible.
(a) If the glass should be fully filled to give warm water at 35 C, find the
temperature of the cold water in the jar. (2 marks)
(b) If the temperature of the water in the jar is 15 C, what percentage of the
capacity of the glass should be filled to get water at 35 C? (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy lost by hot water = energy gained by cold water
0.2  c  (95  35) = 0.8  c  (35  T) 1M
T = 20 C 1A
The temperature of the cold water in the jar is 20 C.
(b) Let p be the percentage of the capacity of the glass that the cold water
occupies.

16
1_ch02_SQ_e

Energy lost by hot water = energy gained by cold water

0.2  c  (95  35) = p  c  (35  15) 1M
p = 60% 1M
The percentage filled = 20% + 60% = 80% 1A
-- ans end --

[10163150] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=6><bk=1><ch=02>
 There are two beakers, one containing liquid X and one containing liquid Y. The
liquids, initially at the same temperature, are heated by two identical Bunsen
burners for the same period of time. The rise in temperature of X is greater than
that of Y.

It is given that the mass of X is greater than that of Y.

(a) Which liquid has a larger heat capacity? Explain your answer briefly.
(3 marks)
(b) Which liquid has a larger specific heat capacity? Explain your answer briefly
(3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks

Q 1A
(a) By C = ,
T
QX QY
CX = and CY =
T X TY
Since QX = QY and TX > TY, 1A
CX < CY
 Y has a larger heat capacity. 1A
C 1A
(b) By c = ,
m

17
1_ch02_SQ_e

CX CY
cX = and cY =
mX mY
Since CX < CY and mX > mY, 1A
cX < cY
 Y has a larger specific heat capacity. 1A
-- ans end --

[10163192] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 Spotlights are usually used on the stage of theatres.
(a) How much energy is required for the operation of a 1000-W spotlight for
5 minutes? (2 marks)
(b) Only 30% of the energy consumed by the spotlight is changed to light
energy. The remaining is released as heat. Calculate the temperature rise of 2
kg of water if the water absorbs all the heat from the spotlight.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg–1 °C–1 (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Energy required = Pt 1M
= 1000  5  60
= 3  105 J 1A
(b) Energy released as heat = 3  105  (1 – 30%) = 2.1  105 J 1M
By Q = mcT, 1M
2.1  105 = 2  4200  T
T = 25 C 1A
The temperature rise of water is 25 C.
-- ans end --

[10163203] <lvl=avg><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=5><bk=1><ch=02>
 Explain briefly how the temperature of a squash ball changes
(a) after we have hit it for several times; (3 marks)
(b) when it is put in a water bath at the same temperature but of a much larger
mass. (2 marks)

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1_ch02_SQ_e

-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) When we hit a squash ball, we do work on it. 1A
Energy is transferred to the ball as internal energy and 1A
the temperature of the ball increases. 1A
(b) Since the water bath and the ball are at the same temperature, no heat
transfer takes place between them. 1A
Therefore, the temperature of the ball remains unchanged. 1A
-- ans end --

[10161933] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=7><bk=1><ch=02>
 Emily is enjoying hot pot. The pot is put on a stove. The soup of mass 3 kg is
heated at a rate of 1000 W. Its specific heat capacity is 4200 J kg1 C1. The heat
capacity of the pot is negligible. Neglect the energy loss to the surroundings.

(Courtesy of Zheng Bin  Dreamstime.com)

(a) Find the time needed to heat the soup from 20 C to 100 C. (3 marks)
(b) After the soup has reached 100 C, Emily adds 0.5 kg of vegetable at 15 C
into the soup. The soup-vegetable mixture is heated continuously at 1000 W.
The specific heat capacity of the vegetable is 3000 J kg1 C1. Assume that
the soup and the vegetable reach the same temperature T1 in 2 s.
(i) Find the temperature T1. (2 marks)
(ii) When will the soup reach 100 C again? (2 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) By Pt = mcT, 1M + 1M
1000t = 3  4200 (100  20)
1A
t = 1010 s

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1_ch02_SQ_e

It takes 1010 s to heat the soup.

(b) (i) Energy gained by vegetable
= energy lost by soup + energy from stove
1M
0.5  3000 (T1  15) = 3  4200 (100  T1) + 1000  2
1A
T1 = 91.1 C
(ii) The energy from the stove is used to heat the vegetable from 15
C to 100 C.
Pt = mcT
1000t = 0.5  3000 (100  15) 1M
t = 128 s 1A
The soup will reach 100 C at 128 s after adding the vegetable.
-- ans end --

[10161961] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=8><bk=1><ch=02>
 Some cold water at 10 C is added into a glass of hot water of mass 100 g. The
graph below shows how the temperature T of the water in the glass changes with
time t.
T / C
90
80

45

20
0 t/s

(a) Mark in the figure the instant that cold water is added into the hot water with
a letter P. (1 mark)
(b) Estimate the room temperature. (1 mark)
(c) Why should the water be stirred throughout the process? (1 mark)
(d) Estimate the mass of the cold water added into the hot water. Neglect the
energy loss to the surroundings during mixing. (2 marks)
(e) What would the temperature of the mixture be if 500 g of water at 0 C,
instead of the cold water at 10 C, is added into the glass of hot water?

20
1_ch02_SQ_e

Assume that the water at 0 C is added at the same instant as before. Hence,
sketch a Tt graph for the water in the glass in this case. (3 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a)
T / C
90
80 P

45

20
0 t/
s

(Correct position of point P) 1A

(b) 20 C 1A
(c) Ensure a uniform temperature throughout the water. 1A
(d) Energy gained by cold water = energy lost by hot water
1M
mc (45  10) = 0.1c (80  45)
1A
m = 0.1 kg
The mass of the cold water is 0.1 kg.
(e) Energy gained by cold water = energy lost by hot water
0.5c (T  0) = 0.1c (80  T)
1A
T = 13.3 C
The temperature of the water after mixing is 13.3 C.
T / C
90
80

20
13.3
0 t/
s

(T drops from 80 C to 13.3 C after mixing) 1A

(T rises gradually to 20 C from 13.3 C) 1A
-- ans end --

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1_ch02_SQ_e

[10163317] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=7><bk=1><ch=02>
 Comment the following statement about heat. Suggest changes to the statement if
it is not correct. Give reasons to support your comments and suggestions.
'A hot metal block has more heat than a cold metal block. When a hot metal block
is put in contact with a cold metal block, heat flows from the hot metal block to
the cold metal block. The flow of heat stops when each block has the same
amount of heat.' (7 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
The statement is not correct in the following aspects:
1 'A hot metal block has more heat than a cold metal block.' is not 1A
correct.
Heat is the energy transferred between objects owing to the
temperature difference between objects. It is not the energy stored
inside an object. 1A
It should be changed to 'The particles of a hot metal block have larger
average kinetic energy than the particles of a cold metal block'. 1A
This is because the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object
increases with the temperature of the object. 1A
(Internal energy should not be mentioned as the masses of the blocks
are unknown.)
2 Also ' The flow of heat stops when each block has the same amount of 1A
heat.' is not correct.
The flow of heat is a result of a temperature difference. 1A
The statement should be changed to 'The flow of heat stops when the
blocks have the same temperature.' 1A
-- ans end --

[10161977] <lvl=dif><part=core><type=sq><cur=phy,cs><mark=7><bk=1><ch=02>
 Cups A and B carry an equal amount of water. The initial temperatures of water in
cups A and B are 80 C and 20 C respectively. Then all the water in cup A is
poured into cup B. Assume that no energy is lost to the surroundings.

22
1_ch02_SQ_e

(a) Find the final temperature of the water. (2 marks)

(b) Suppose cups A and B carry equal amounts of oil which has a lower specific
heat capacity than water. The initial temperatures of the two cups of oil are
the same as that in (a). What will be the final temperature of the oil after
mixing? (1 mark)
(c) Suppose cup A carries water at 20 C and cup B carries oil at 80 C. The
water and the oil have equal mass. The specific heat capacity of oil is lower
than that of water. When the water in cup A is poured into cup B, will the
final temperature be higher or lower than that in (a)? Explain briefly.
(4 marks)
-- ans --

Solutions Marks
(a) Let m be the initial mass of water in each cup.
Energy gained by cold water = energy lost by hot water
mc (T – 20) = mc (80 – T) 1M
T = 50 C 1A
The final temperature of the water is 50 C.
(b) 50 C 1A
(c) The final temperature will be lower than that in (a). 1A
Energy released by oil when its temperature drops by 30 C
= mcO (30)
< mcW (30)
= energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 30 C 1A
That is, the temperature of the water is lower than 50 C when the
temperature of the oil is 50 C. 1A
Therefore, heat continues to flows from the oil to the water 1A
and the final temperature will be lower than 50 C.
-- ans end --

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