R.

M CLASSES
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The increasing order of intermolecular force is :
CHAPTER – 1 Gas < liquid < solid
MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS Q.9 what is compression?
Ans. On exerting pressure on a substance, the particles of
Q.1 What is matter? substance come close to each other. This phenomenon
Ans. Everything around us having mass and occupy some space is called compression.
is called matter. Eg. Chair, book etc.  LPG – LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
Q.2 What are matter made up of?  CNG – COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
Ans. Matter is made up of very small (microscopic) particles Q.10 Explain the following:
called atoms. 1) Rubber band can change its shape but it is a solid.
Q.3 Write the characteristics of particles of matter. 2) Salt and sugar take shape of the vessel in which they are
Ans. The particles of matter have following characteristics: kept, but they are solid.
1. Particles of matter have space between them. 3) Is sponge solid? Why does it compress?
2. Particles of matter are continuously moving. Ans. (i) A rubber band changes shape under force but it
3. Particles of matter attract each other. regain its original shape when the force is removed. If
Q.4 Write the difference between mass and weight. excessive force is applied, it breaks. Therefore it is a
Ans. solid.
MASS WEIGHT (ii) Salt and sugar take shape of the vessel in which it is kept
This is the total amount of The gravitational force applied but the shape of the individual crystals do not change,
substance filled in a body on an object is called weight of therefore it is a solid.
Or an object. (iii) Yes, a sponge is a solid. A sponge has minute holes, in
The mass of an object is the which air is trapped, when we press it, the air is
measure of its inertia. expelled out and we are able to compress it.
It is constant. It is variable. Q.11 How does temperature affects the state of matter?
Ans. On increasing temperature of solids, the kinetic energy
Its SI unit is kilogram (Kg) Its SI unit is newton (N).
of the particles increase, due to which the particles
Q.5 What is diffusion?
start vibrating with greater speed, and the force of
Ans. The intermixing of the particles of matter on their own is
attraction among the particles becomes weak and
called diffusion. The increasing order of diffusion in states of
finally the solid melts into liquid at atmospheric
matter is :
pressure.
Solid < liquid < gas
The same process follows when liquid converts into
Q.6 On which factor does diffusion depend?
gas.
Ans. Diffusion depends upon temperature, if the temperature
Q.12 What is the SI unit of temperature?
increases the kinetic energy of the particles of the matter
Ans. The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K).
increases so the particles start moving fast and creates
0⁰C= 273.15K
more space between them and increases the diffusion.
Q.13 What is melting point?
Q.7 Write the differences among solid, liquid and gas?
Ans. The temperature at which a solid converts into liquid at
Ans.
atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.
solid Liquid Gas The melting point of ice is 273.15 K or 0⁰ C.
Having definite Not having Not having definite Q.14 What is boiling point?
shape, size and definite shape shape, size and Ans. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling
volume. and size but volume. converts into gas at atmospheric pressure is called its
having definite boiling point.
volume. The boiling point of water is 373.15K or 100⁰C.
Intermolecular Intermolecular Intermolecular Q.15 What is freezing point?
space is very less. space is less. space is very large. Ans. The temperature at which a liquid freezes and converts
Intermolecular Intermolecular Intermolecular into solid at atmospheric pressure is called it freezing
force is very strong. force is weak. force is very weak. point.
Diffusion is Diffusion is very Diffusion is very The freezing point of water is 273.15 K or 0⁰C
negligible less. high. Q.16 Why does the temperature remain constant during the
Compression is Compression is Compression is change of state of a matter?
negligible. possible(less possible (highly Ans. During the change of state of a matter, the heat energy
compressible) compressible ). provided is not used to increase the temperature of
Q.8 What is intermolecular force? the matter but is used to break the intermolecular
Ans. The force acting between the particles of matter is called force between the particles of the matter and change
intermolecular force. its state. Therefore the temperature remains constant.
 R.M CLASSES
MOHIT KUMAR WHERE LEARNING MEETS EXCELLENCE 9717984876

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Q.17 What is latent heat of fusion? Q.26 How does evaporation cause cooling?
Ans. The amount of heat energy required to change Ans. In an open vessel, the liquid keeps on evaporating. The
1kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its particles of liquid absorb energy from the surrounding to
melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion. regain the energy lost during evaporation. This absorption
Q.18 Why water has more energy as compared to ice at 273K? of energy from the surroundings makes the surroundings
Ans. Water has more energy as compared to ice at 273K cold.
because water contain extra energy in the form of latent Q.27 Why does our palm feel cold when we put some
heat of fusion. acetone or petrol or perfume on it?
Q.19 What is latent heat of vaporization? Ans. When we put some acetone on our palm, the particles
Ans. The amount of heat energy required to change 1kg of of acetone gain energy from our palm or surroundings
liquid into gas at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point is and evaporate causing the palm to feel cool.
known as the latent heat of vaporization. Q.28 Why do people sprinkle water on the roof or open
Q.20 Why steam(water vapors) have more energy as compare ground in summer?
to boiling water at 373K? Ans. After a hot sunny day, people sprinkle water on the roof
Ans. Water vapors have more energy than water at 373K or open ground because the large latent heat of
because the particles in the steam have absorbed extra vaporization of water helps to cool the hot surface.
energy in the form of latent heat of vaporization. Q.29 Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer?
Q.21 Define the following terms: Ans. During summer, we perspire more because of the
i) fusion, ii) solidification, iii) vaporization, iv) condensation v) mechanism of our body which keeps us cool. The cotton
sublimation vi) Deposition. clothes being a good absorber of water absorb the sweat
Ans. i) the change of state of matter from solid to liquid at and expose it to atmosphere which gain energy from the
atmospheric pressure is called fusion. surroundings and evaporates and keep us cool during
ii) The change of state of matter from liquid to solid is called summer.
solidification. Q.30 Why do we see water droplets on the outer surface of a
iii) The change of state of matter from liquid to gas at glass containing ice-cold water?
atmospheric pressure is called vaporization. Ans. We see water droplets on the outer surface of a glass
iv) The change of state of matter from gas to liquid at containing ice-cold water because the vapour present in
atmospheric pressure is called condensation. air , on coming in contact with the cold glass of water,
v) The change of state directly from solid to gas without loses energy and gets converted to liquid state and sticks
changing into liquid is called sublimation. to the surface of glass.
vi) The change of state of matter from gas to solid without
changing into liquid is called deposition.
Q.22 How does pressure affect the state of matter?
Ans. on applying pressure the particles of matter come close to
each other and hence gas converts into liquid and liquid
converts into solid.
Pressure has inversely effect on state of matter from
temperature.
Q.23 What is dry ice?
Ans. when CO2 is stored under high pressure, it converts into
solid form. When the pressure is decreased to 1 atm it
converts into gaseous form without converting into liquid
form. So the solid CO2 is called dry ice.
Q.24 What is evaporation?
Ans. In liquids, a small fraction of particles at the surface, having
higher kinetic energy, is able to break away from the forces
of attraction of other particles and gets converted into
vapours. This phenomenon of change of liquid into vapours
at any temperature below its boiling point is called
evaporation.
Q.25 Write the factors affecting Evaporation?
Ans. Factors affecting evaporation are following:
1. An increase of surface area.
2. An increase of temperature.
3. A decrease in humidity.
4. An increase in wind speed.