VTAMPS 19.

0 Secondary 1 Set 5

Part 1. Multiple Choices

1. The volume of a cone is defined as one-third of the product of 𝜋, the height (ℎ), and the square
of the radius (𝑟). Determine the proper expression for the radius (𝑟) of the cone given its volume
(𝑣).
3𝑣
A. 𝑟=
√𝜋ℎ
𝜋ℎ
B. 𝑟 =√
3𝑣

3𝑣
C. 𝑟 =√
𝜋ℎ

3𝜋𝑣
D. 𝑟 =√
ℎ
E. None of these

2. Which of the following speeds is the fastest?

A. 6500 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
B. 4575 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
C. 2025 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
D. 7150 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
E. All four are approximately the same

3. A certain convex polygon has interior angles that sum up to 4140°. How many sides does this
polygon have?
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 28
E. None of these
4. How much must be added to 12233344442 for it to become 12233344452 ?
A. 2444666889
B. 2444668889
C. 2446666889
D. 2446668889
E. 2446668899

1 2 1 2
5. Simplify (7 − 7) × (7 + 7) .
1
A. 2399
2401
1
B. 2400
2401
1
C. 2401
2401
1
D. 2402
2401
1
E. 2499
2401

6. Two positive real numbers have a sum of 𝑥. Determine the smallest possible sum of their
squares.
𝑥2
A.
4
𝑥2
B.
3
𝑥2
C.
2
D. 𝑥2
E. None of these

2 2
(√11+√7) −(√11−√7)
7. The expression can be best described as:
√77
A. A rational fraction
B. A negative rational number
C. A positive irrational number
D. A positive integer
E. None of these
 3
8. √5202 is closest to which number?
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
E. 18

9. Group A has an average score of 97 while Group B has an average score of 92. If Group A has 15
members and the average score of both groups is 95, how many members are in Group B?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
E. None of these

10. Which of the following best describes the given Venn diagram?

A. (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ∪ 𝐴
B. 𝐶′ ∩ 𝐴
C. 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
D. 𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
E. None of these
 Part 2. Open-ended Problems

11. It is known that 58 = 390625. Simplify (54 + 1)(52 + 1)(5 + 1)(5 − 1).

5 17
12. of the way from to 𝑥 is 10. Determine 𝑥.
8 12

13. Consider the following set of observations:

23, 𝑎, 29, 𝑏, 35, 𝑐, 41, 𝑑
If the data are already arranged in ascending order, each observation is unique, and is comprised
only of integers, determine the maximum value of 𝑑 if the mean is 33.

5
14. The conversion formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius is given as 𝐶 = 9 (𝐹 − 32). At what
temperature in Celsius is the numerical value 6 less than half that of its equivalent in Fahrenheit?

8𝑓2
15. Suppose 13𝑔 = 8𝑓. Determine the value of .
13𝑔2

16. A sample of data is taken from a large population. The magnitudes of each sample are given as
follows:
1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
Rounded off to the closest integer, determine the standard deviation.

17. Simplify in terms of feet:

1
10 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 − 51 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 + 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 96 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠.
160

2025−4𝑥
18. Determine the number of positive integer solutions that satisfy −2 < < 2.
7

19. Simplify √455.111 … as a fraction in lowest terms.

20. In a certain map, a plot of land is in the shape of a 5202-sided regular polygon with an area of
5202 𝑐𝑚2 . If the map follows a scale of 1:500, determine the actual area, in 𝑚2 , of the plot of land.
21. Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are positive integers such that
1 219
1+ = .
𝑏 157
𝑎+ 𝑑
𝑐+𝑒
Determine the least value of 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 if 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are not equal to 1 and
𝑎 < 𝑏 < 𝑐 < 𝑑 < 𝑒.

22. Given 𝑥 is a positive integer less than 2025, how many possible values of 𝑥 are there if
|||𝑥 − 135| + 27| − 81|is also positive?

23. Given that the inequality 4 < 5𝑥 + 8 < 9𝑥 + 5 < 20 < 6𝑥 + 13 has solutions on the interval 𝑎 <
𝑥 < 𝑏, determine 𝑎 − 𝑏.

24. For what value of integer 𝑥 will the expression (𝑥 + 24) × (58 − 𝑥) be a number with exactly
three positive factors?

25. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2025 that are divisible by either
of 16, 17, or 18.
 VTAMPS 19.0 S1 Set 5 Solution Manual
Part 1

1. The volume of a cone is defined as one-third of the product of 𝜋, the height (ℎ), and the square
of the radius (𝑟). Determine the proper expression for the radius (𝑟) of the cone given its volume
(𝑣).
3𝑣
A. 𝑟=
√𝜋ℎ
𝜋ℎ
B. 𝑟 =√
3𝑣

3𝑣
C. 𝑟 =√
𝜋ℎ

3𝜋𝑣
D. 𝑟 =√
ℎ
E. None of these

𝟑𝒗
Answer: C. √
𝝅𝒉

Solution:
1 2
𝑣= 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
3
3𝑣
𝑟2 =
𝜋ℎ
3𝑣
𝑟=√
𝜋ℎ

2. Which of the following speeds is the fastest?

A. 6500 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
B. 4575 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
C. 2025 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
D. 7150 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
E. All four are approximately the same
Answer: B. 𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓
Solution:
Convert the choices to the same unit of measurement for speed, say, 𝑘𝑚/ℎ,
𝑓𝑡 1 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑚
A. 6500 × × ≅ 7134.15
𝑠 3280 𝑓𝑡 1ℎ ℎ
 𝑚𝑖 1.609 𝑘𝑚 𝒌𝒎
B. 4575 × ≅ 𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟏. 𝟏𝟖
ℎ 1 𝑚𝑖 𝒉
𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑚
C. 2025 × × = 7290
𝑠 1000 𝑚 1ℎ ℎ

3. A certain convex polygon has interior angles that sum up to 4140°. How many sides does this
polygon have?
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 28
E. None of these
Answer: E. None of these
Solution:
For any 𝑛-sided polygon,
∑ 𝑖𝑛𝑡. ∠ = 180(𝑛 − 2)
So,
180(𝑛 − 2) = 4140
4140
𝑛−2= = 23
180
𝑛 = 23 + 2 = 25

4. How much must be added to 12233344442 for it to become 12233344452 ?

A. 2444666889
B. 2444668889
C. 2446666889
D. 2446668889
E. 2446668899
Answer: D. 𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟗
Solution:
Recall the identity for difference of two squares:
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
So,
12233344452 − 12233344442
= (1223334445 − 1223334444)(1223334445 + 1223334444)
= 1(1223334445 + 1223334444)
= 2446668889
 1 2 1 2
5. Simplify (7 − 7) × (7 + 7) .
1
A. 2399
2401
1
B. 2400
2401
1
C. 2401
2401
1
D. 2402
2401
1
E. 2499
2401
𝟏
Answer: A. 𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟗
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟏

Solution:
Recall the identities: 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) and (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 . So,

1 2 1 2 1 1 2
(7 − ) × (7 + ) = [(7 − ) (7 + )]
7 7 7 7
2 2 2
1 1
= [72 − ( ) ] = (49 − )
7 49
2
1 1 2
= 49 − 2(49) ( ) + ( )
49 49
1
= 2401 − 2 +
2401
1
= 2399
2401

6. Two positive real numbers have a sum of 𝑥. Determine the smallest possible sum of their
squares.
𝑥2
A.
4
𝑥2
B.
3
𝑥2
C.
2
D. 𝑥2
E. None of these
𝒙𝟐
Answer: C.
𝟐

Solution:
 Suppose the two numbers are 𝑝 and 𝑞, and the sum of their squares is 𝑆. Then,
𝑝+𝑞 =𝑥
𝑆 = 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2
⟹𝑞 =𝑥−𝑝
𝑆 = 𝑝2 + (𝑥 − 𝑝)2
= 𝑝2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑝 + 𝑝2
𝑆 = 2𝑝2 − 2𝑥𝑝 + 𝑥 2
Treating the sum 𝑥 as a constant, note that this is a quadratic expression of the form 𝑎𝑦 2 + 𝑏𝑦 +
𝑐, where 𝑝 is the variable 𝑦. Thus, the minimum can be calculated from
𝑏2
𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑐 −
4𝑎
(2𝑥)2 4𝑥 2
= (𝑥 2 ) − = 𝑥2 −
4(2) 8
2 2
𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑥2 − =
2 2
Or, simply, to minimize the sum of squares, the two numbers should be as close to each other as
possible. In this case, we can make them equal. So,
𝑥
𝑝=𝑞=
2
𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥2
𝑆 = ( ) + ( ) = 2( ) =
2 2 4 2

2 2
(√11+√7) −(√11−√7)
7. The expression can be best described as:
√77
A. A rational fraction
B. A negative rational number
C. A positive irrational number
D. A positive integer
E. None of these
Answer: D. A positive integer
Solution:
Using identities: (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 and (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 , then
2 2
(√11 + √7) − (√11 − √7) =
[11 + 2√11 × 7 + 7] − [11 − 2√11 × 7 + 7]
= 2√77 + 2√77 = 4√77
 So,
2 2
(√11 + √7) − (√11 − √7) 4√77
= =4
√77 √77

Clearly, this is a positive integer.

3
8. √5202 is closest to which number?
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
E. 18
Answer: D. 𝟏𝟕
Solution:
Testing the choices,
B. 153 = 3375
C. 163 = 4096
D. 173 = 4913
E. 183 = 5832
3
The closest to 5202 is 4913, hence, √5202 is closest to 17.

9. Group A has an average score of 97 while Group B has an average score of 92. If Group A has 15
members and the average score of both groups is 95, how many members are in Group B?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20
E. None of these
Answer: B. 𝟏𝟎
Solution:
Since Group A has 15 members with an average score of 97, their total added score is:
97 × 15 = 1455
Let 𝑥 be the number of members in Group B. Since they have an average score of 92, their total
added score is 92𝑥. Thus, the average score of both groups can be expressed as
 92𝑥 + 1455
= 95
𝑥 + 15
92𝑥 + 1455 = 95𝑥 + 1425
95𝑥 − 92𝑥 = 1455 − 1425
3𝑥 = 30
𝑥 = 10

10. Which of the following best describes the given Venn diagram?

A. (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ∪ 𝐴
B. 𝐶′ ∩ 𝐴
C. 𝐴 − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)
D. 𝐴 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
E. None of these
Answer: D. 𝑨 − (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 ∩ 𝑪)
Solution:
Illustrating the choices:
A. B.
 C. D.

Part 2

11. It is known that 58 = 390625. Simplify (54 + 1)(52 + 1)(5 + 1)(5 − 1).
Answer: 𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟒
Solution:
Note that:
𝑥 8 − 1 = (𝑥 4 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
So,
(54 + 1)(52 + 1)(5 + 1)(5 − 1) = 58 − 1
= 390625 − 1 = 390624

5 17
12. of the way from to 𝑥 is 10. Determine 𝑥.
8 12
𝟑𝟎𝟑 𝟑
Answer: 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟓
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎

Solution:
5 17 17
Another way of saying the problem is that of the distance from to 𝑥 is the distance from
8 12 12
to 10. So,
5 17 17
(𝑥 − ) = 10 −
8 12 12
Multiplying both sides of the equation by 12 × 8 = 96,
5 17 17
96 [ (𝑥 − )] = 96 (10 − )
8 12 12
17
12(5) (𝑥 − ) = 960 − 8(17)
12
 60𝑥 − 5(17) = 960 − 8(17)
60𝑥 = 960 − 3(17)
60𝑥 = 960 − 51 = 909
909 303 3
𝑥= = = 15
60 20 20

13. Consider the following set of observations:

23, 𝑎, 29, 𝑏, 35, 𝑐, 41, 𝑑
If the data are already arranged in ascending order, each observation is unique, and is comprised
only of integers, determine the maximum value of 𝑑 if the mean is 33.
Answer: 46
Solution:
Since the mean is given, to maximize 𝑑, the other unknown variables must be minimized. To
follow the given restrictions, their values should then be
𝑎 = 24, 𝑏 = 30, 𝑐 = 36
Therefore,
23 + 𝑎 + 29 + 𝑏 + 35 + 𝑐 + 41 + 𝑑
= 33
8
23 + 24 + 29 + 30 + 35 + 36 + 41 + 𝑑
= 33
8
218 + 𝑑 = 33(8)
𝑑 = 264 − 218
𝑑 = 46

5
14. The conversion formula for Fahrenheit to Celsius is given as 𝐶 = 9 (𝐹 − 32). At what
temperature in Celsius is the numerical value 6 less than half that of its equivalent in Fahrenheit?
Answer: 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution:
Note that:
5 9
𝐶= (𝐹 − 32) ⟹ 𝐹 = 𝐶 + 32
9 5
1
If 𝐶 = 2 𝐹 − 6, then
1 9
𝐶 = ( 𝐶 + 32) − 6
2 5
9
𝐶= 𝐶 + 16 − 6
10
 9
(1 − ) 𝐶 = 10
10
1
𝐶 = 10
10
𝐶 = 100

8𝑓2
15. Suppose 13𝑔 = 8𝑓. Determine the value of .
13𝑔2

𝟏𝟑 𝟓
Answer: 𝐨𝐫 𝟏
𝟖 𝟖

Solution:
𝑓 13
13𝑔 = 8𝑓 ⟹ =
𝑔 8
So,
8𝑓 2 8 𝑓 2 8 13 2
= ( ) = ( )
13𝑔2 13 𝑔 13 8
13
=
8

16. A sample of data is taken from a large population. The magnitudes of each sample are given as
follows:
1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
Rounded off to the closest integer, determine the standard deviation.
Answer: 𝟏
Solution:
The sample standard deviation formula is:

∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑠=√
𝑛−1

where 𝑥𝑖 are the data points, 𝑥̅ is the sample mean, and 𝑛 is the sample size.
The sample mean is:
∑ 𝑥𝑖
𝑥̅ =
𝑛
1+1+2+2+2+3+3+3+3+4+4+4+4+4
=
14
2(1) + 3(2) + 4(3) + 5(4) 40 20
= = =
14 14 7
 So,
20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2
∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 = 2 (1 − ) + 3 (2 − ) + 4 (3 − ) + 5 (4 − )
7 7 7 7
2 2 2 2
13 6 1 8
= 2 (− ) + 3 (− ) + 4 ( ) + 5 ( )
7 7 7 7
169 36 1 64
= 2( ) + 3( ) +4( ) + 5( )
49 49 49 49
1
= (338 + 108 + 4 + 320)
49
770 110
= =
49 7
Thus,
110/7 110 110
𝑠=√ =√ =√
14 − 1 7 × 13 91
≅ √1.21 = 1.1
Rounded off to the closest integer, 𝑠 = 1.

17. Simplify in terms of feet:

1
10 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 − 51 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 + 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 96 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠.
160
Answer: 4
Solution:
Converting to feet:
3 𝑓𝑡
10 𝑦𝑑 × = 30 𝑓𝑡
1 𝑦𝑑
1 5280 𝑓𝑡
𝑚𝑖 × = 33 𝑓𝑡
160 1 𝑚𝑖
1 𝑓𝑡
96 𝑖𝑛 × = 8 𝑓𝑡
12 𝑖𝑛
So, the expression becomes:
(30 − 51 + 33 − 8)𝑓𝑡 = 4 𝑓𝑡

2025−4𝑥
18. Determine the number of positive integer solutions that satisfy −2 < < 2.
7

Answer: 𝟕
Solution:
−2(7) < 2025 − 4𝑥 < 2(7)
−14 − 2025 < −4𝑥 < 14 − 2025
 −2039 −4𝑥 −2011
< <
−4 −4 −4
3 3
502 < 𝑥 < 509
4 4
So, there are 7 integer solutions:
𝑥 = {503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509}

19. Simplify √455.111 … as a fraction in lowest terms.

𝟔𝟒 𝟏
Answer: 𝑜𝑟 𝟐𝟏
𝟑 𝟑

Solution:
Let 𝑥 = 0.111 … = 0. 1̅. So,
10𝑥 = 1.111 … = 1. 1̅
10𝑥 − 𝑥 = 1. 1̅ − 0. 1̅
9𝑥 = 1
1
𝑥=
9
So,

1 9(455) + 1
√455.111 … = √455 = √
9 9

4096 64 1
=√ = = 21
9 3 3

20. In a certain map, a plot of land is in the shape of a 5202-sided regular polygon with an area of
5202 𝑐𝑚2 . If the map follows a scale of 1:500, determine the actual area, in 𝑚2 , of the plot of land.
Answer: 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎
Solution:
The scale tells us that for every 𝑐𝑚 in the map, the length of the actual land is 500 𝑐𝑚. Therefore,
the actual area is
(500 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)2
5202 𝑐𝑚2 (𝑚𝑎𝑝) ×
(1 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑝)2
= 5202 × 250000 𝑐𝑚2
= 1300500000 𝑐𝑚2 (𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙)
Converting to 𝑚2 ,
(1 𝑚)2
1300500000 𝑐𝑚2 ×
(100 𝑐𝑚)2
 1300500000 2
= 𝑚
10000
= 130050 𝑚2

21. Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are positive integers such that

1 219
1+ = .
𝑏 157
𝑎+ 𝑑
𝑐+𝑒
Determine the least value of 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 if 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are not equal to 1 and
𝑎 < 𝑏 < 𝑐 < 𝑑 < 𝑒.
Answer: 𝟐𝟑
Solution:
Note that:
219 62 1
=1+ =1+
157 157 157
62
1 1
= 1+ = 1+
33 3 × 11
2 + 62 2 + 62
1 1
=1+ =1+
3 3
2 + 62 2+ 7
5 + 11
11
So, 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 3, 𝑐 = 5, 𝑑 = 7, 𝑒 = 11, and
𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 5 + 7 + 11 = 23

22. Given 𝑥 is a positive integer less than 2025, how many possible values of 𝑥 are there if
|||𝑥 − 135| + 27| − 81|is also positive?

Answer: 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟐
Solution:
Since the expression is an absolute value, it is always positive unless it is equal to zero.
Considering this case,
|||𝑥 − 135| + 27| − 81| = 0
||𝑥 − 135| + 27| = 81
|𝑥 − 135| + 27 = 81
|𝑥 − 135| = 54
 𝑥 − 135 = 54; 𝑥 − 135 = −54
𝑥 = 189; 𝑥 = 81
Since 𝑥 is an integer such that 0 < 𝑥 < 2025, then the possible values for 𝑥 are:
{1, 2, … , 2024} − {81,189}
Therefore, there are 2024 − 2 = 2022 solutions.

23. Given that the inequality 4 < 5𝑥 + 8 < 9𝑥 + 5 < 20 < 6𝑥 + 13 has solutions on the interval 𝑎 <
𝑥 < 𝑏, determine 𝑎 − 𝑏.
𝟏
Answer: − 𝑜𝑟 − 𝟎. 𝟓
𝟐

Solution:
Solving the inequality by parts,
4
4 < 5𝑥 + 8 ⟹ −4 < 5𝑥 ⟹ − < 𝑥
5
3
5𝑥 + 8 < 9𝑥 + 5 ⟹ 3 < 4𝑥 ⟹ < 𝑥
4
5
9𝑥 + 5 < 20 ⟹ 9𝑥 < 15 ⟹ 𝑥 <
3
7
20 < 6𝑥 + 13 ⟹ 7 < 6𝑥 ⟹ < 𝑥
6
7 4 3
Note that 6 < 𝑥 already covers both − 5 < 𝑥 and 4 < 𝑥. Thus, the inequality can be simplified as

7 5
<𝑥<
6 3
So,
7 5 7 − 10
𝑎−𝑏 = − =
6 3 6

3 1
=− =−
6 2

24. For what value of integer 𝑥 will the expression (𝑥 + 24) × (58 − 𝑥) be a number with exactly
three positive factors?
Answer: 𝟏𝟕
Solution:
A number 𝑛 has exactly three positive factors if and only if it is a square of a prime number 𝑝,
that is, 𝑛 = 𝑝2 . The factors would be 1, 𝑝, and 𝑝2 . So,
 (𝑥 + 24) × (58 − 𝑥) = 𝑝2
Assuming the two factors are equal,
𝑝 = 𝑥 + 24 = 58 − 𝑥
2𝑥 = 34
𝑥 = 17
Checking,
𝑝 = (17) + 24 = 41 = 58 − (17)
which is indeed a prime. So,
(𝑥 + 24)(58 − 𝑥) = 412
has exactly three factors: 1, 41, and 412 .

25. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2025 that are divisible by either
of 16, 17, or 18.
Answer: 𝟑𝟑𝟎
Solution:
If |𝐴| is the count of numbers ≤ 2025 divisible by 16, |𝐵| is the count of numbers ≤ 2025
divisible by 17, and |𝐶| is the count of numbers ≤ 2025 divisible by 18, then the total count of
numbers ≤ 2025 divisible by either of the three, by inclusion-exclusion principle, is
|𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶| = |𝐴| + |𝐵| + |𝐶| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| − |𝐴 ∩ 𝐶|
−|𝐵 ∩ 𝐶| + |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶|
2025 2025 2025
=⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋
16 17 18
2025 2025 2025 2025
− (⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋)
𝐿𝐶𝑀(16,17) 𝐿𝐶𝑀(16,18) 𝐿𝐶𝑀(17,18) 𝐿𝐶𝑀(16,17,18)
2025 2025 2025 2025
= 126 + 119 + 112 − (⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋)
272 144 306 2448
= 357 − (7 + 14 + 6 − 0)
= 357 − 27 = 330