VTAMPS 19.

0 Secondary 1 Set 3

Part 1. Multiple Choices

1. Which of the following is a factor of 20252 − 20242 ?

A. 2024
B. 2025
C. 2025 + 2024
D. 2025 × 2024
2025
E. 2024

2. The irrational expression √2115 is closest to which of the following?

A. 45.988
B. 45.989
C. 45.990
D. 45.991
E. 45.992

2025−𝑥
3. Determine the number of positive integer solutions that satisfy −2 < < 2.
6
A. 20
B. 21
C. 22
D. 23
E. 24

4. The set of numbers 19, 24, 𝑥, 30, 𝑦, 28 has a median of 26.5 and a range of 13. Determine the
average of these numbers.
1
A. 24 2
1
B. 26 3
1
C. 26 2
D. 27
1
E. 27 3
5. Which of the following is divisible by (𝑥 + 1)?
A. 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
B. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1
C. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
D. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
E. 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1

6. The total surface area of a solid hemisphere is thrice the product of 𝜋 and the square of its radius.
Determine the proper expression for the radius of the hemisphere (𝑟) given its total surface area
(𝐴).
𝐴
A. 𝑟=
3𝜋
3𝜋
B. 𝑟=
𝐴
3𝐴
C. 𝑟=√
𝜋

3𝜋
D. 𝑟=√
𝐴

𝐴
E. 𝑟=√
3𝜋

7. A certain set of numbers has the mean, median, and mode all equal to the same value. Which of
the following statements must be true?
A. The set contains at least one repeated number.
B. The largest term must be equal to the mean.
C. The range must be equal to the standard deviation.
D. A and C are true.
E. None of these are true.

8. For any positive integer 𝑛, which of the following will always have an odd number of factors?
A. 𝑛2 + 10𝑛 + 25
B. 𝑛2 + 12𝑛 + 35
C. 2𝑛2 − 8𝑛 + 16
D. 𝑛3 − 1
E. None of these.

9. Which of the following is the longest?

A. 99,000 𝑐𝑚
B. 3,200 𝑓𝑡
C. 1100 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
D. 0.65 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
E. 1 𝑘𝑚
10. Three real numbers are multiplied together. One is irrational, while the other two are rational.
Which of the following must be true?
A. The product must be rational.
B. The product must be irrational.
C. The product cannot be expressed as a real number.
D. The product may be rational or irrational.
E. None of these are true.

Part 2. Open-ended Problems

11. Simplify √58. 7̅ as a fraction in lowest terms.

12. Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are positive integers such that

1 381
𝑎+ = .
1 266
𝑏+ 1
𝑐+ 1
𝑑+𝑒
Determine the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒.

13. A bouncy rubber ball is dropped from a height of 143 meters, and each time it strikes the ground,
7
it bounces back at a height of of the distance from which it fell. Determine the total vertical
11
distance (in meters) travelled by the ball before it comes to rest.

14. Evaluate (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 20252 ) − (1 × 3 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 5 + ⋯ + 2024 × 2026).

15. A regular decagon is inscribed in a circle. An inscribed angle is also placed in the circle, such that
its intercepted arc contains three adjacent vertices of the decagon. Determine the least measure
of the inscribed angle.

16. Simplify (4𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4) ÷ (2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4).

2(𝑥+4) 3𝑥−5 3(7𝑥+1)

17. Determine the value of 𝑥 if + = .
5 7 3

18. The speed of sound is approximated to be around 340 meters per second. Rounded to two
decimal places, determine its speed in miles per minute.
19. A magic square can be made by arranging numbers 20 to 28 in the 9 places of a 3 × 3 square grid
such that all rows, columns, and both diagonals have the same sums. Suppose three of the
arranged numbers, as shown, are related in terms of 𝑥, determine the value of 𝑋.

2𝑥

3𝑥 − 7 𝑥 + 11

2 2
20. Simplify (√13 + √11) − (√13 − √11) .

21. Determine the sum of all possible values of 𝑥 if

√2𝑥√2𝑥√2𝑥 … = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ⋯.

22. Two circular gears are placed side by side and are tangent at point 𝑀. The smaller gear has an
inscribed angle of 85°, while the larger gear has 8 times the area of the smaller gear. Suppose the
smaller gear is rotated clockwise, making the larger gear rotate accordingly counterclockwise,
until both circles are tangent at 𝑃. By how many degrees did the larger gear rotate in total?

85°
23. Queen is 25 years old. When her age was the same as Emman’s present age, she was 3 times as
old as Emman. Determine Emman’s present age.

24. It is between 6 o’clock and 7 o’clock in the evening, and the minute hand is before the hour hand.
In 22 minutes, the minute hand will be twice as far from the hour hand as it was earlier. What
time is it?

25. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2025 that are divisible by either
of 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15 or 21.
 VTAMPS 19.0 S1 Set 3 Solution Manual
Part 1

1. Which of the following is a factor of 20252 − 20242 ?

A. 2024
B. 2025
C. 2025 + 2024
D. 2025 × 2024
2025
E. 2024

Answer: C. 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒

Solution:
Difference of squares:
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
20252 − 20242 = (2025 − 2024)(2025 + 2024)
= 2025 + 2024

2. The irrational expression √2115 is closest to which of the following?

A. 45.988
B. 45.989
C. 45.990
D. 45.991
E. 45.992
Answer: B. 45.989
Solution:
For a number 𝑁 close to a perfect square 𝑆 2 , we can approximate:
𝑁 − 𝑆2
√𝑁 ≈ 𝑆 +
2𝑆
Using 𝑆 = 46, since 462 = 2116,
2115 − 2116
√2115 ≈ 46 +
2(46)
−1
= 46 + = 46 − 0.0109
92
≈ 45.9891
 2025−𝑥
3. Determine the number of positive integer solutions that satisfy −2 < < 2.
6
A. 20
B. 21
C. 22
D. 23
E. 24
Answer: D. 𝟐𝟑
Solution:
2025 − 𝑥
−2 < <2
6
−12 < 2025 − 𝑥 < 12
−2037 < −𝑥 < −2013
2013 < 𝑥 < 2037
Positive integer solutions, so:
2014 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2036
2036 − 2014 + 1 = 23

4. The set of numbers 19, 24, 𝑥, 30, 𝑦, 28 has a median of 26.5 and a range of 13. Determine the
average of these numbers.
1
A. 24
2
1
B. 26 3
1
C. 26 2
D. 27
1
E. 27 3
𝟏
Answer: B. 𝟐𝟔 𝟑

Sorting the set properly, we assume:

19, 24, 𝑥, 28, 30, 𝑦
Now,
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
13 = 𝑦 − 19
𝑦 = 32
Since there are six numbers, the median is the average of the two middle numbers:
𝑥 + 28
= 26.5
2
𝑥 + 28 = 53
𝑥 = 25
 So, the complete set is: {19, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32} and the average is:
19 + 24 + 25 + 28 + 30 + 32 158
=
6 6
79 1
= = 26
3 3

5. Which of the following is divisible by (𝑥 + 1)?

A. 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
B. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1
C. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
D. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2
E. 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1
Answer: C. 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏
Solution:
For an expression to be divisible by (𝑥 + 1), it must be 0 when evaluated at 𝑥 = −1. Testing the
choices,
A. 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
= (−1)3 + (−1)2 − (−1) + 1
= −1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2
B. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1
= (−1)3 − (−1)2 + (−1) + 1
= −1 − 1 − 1 + 1 = −2
C. 𝑥3 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
= (−1)3 − (−1)2 − (−1) + 1
= −1 − 1 + 1 + 1 = 0

6. The total surface area of a solid hemisphere is thrice the product of 𝜋 and the square of its radius.
Determine the proper expression for the radius of the hemisphere (𝑟) given its total surface area
(𝐴).
𝐴
A. 𝑟=
3𝜋
3𝜋
B. 𝑟=
𝐴
3𝐴
C. 𝑟=√
𝜋

3𝜋
D. 𝑟=√
𝐴

𝐴
E. 𝑟=√
3𝜋
 𝑨
Answer: E. 𝒓 = √
𝟑𝝅

Solution:
𝐴 = 3𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴
𝑟2 =
3𝜋
𝐴
𝑟=√
3𝜋

7. A certain set of numbers has the mean, median, and mode all equal to the same value. Which of
the following statements must be true?
A. The set contains at least one repeated number.
B. The largest term must be equal to the mean.
C. The range must be equal to the standard deviation.
D. A and C are true.
E. None of these are true.
Answer: A. The set contains at least one repeated number.
Solution:
Since there is a mode, then there must be at least one repeated number. Thus, choice A is correct.
B is clearly false, since the ‘largest’ term is only equal to the mean if all terms are identical, but
in that case, there would be no largest term.
C is false in general: Range is simply 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛, while standard deviation is the average of
squared deviations from the mean.

8. For any positive integer 𝑛, which of the following will always have an odd number of factors?
A. 𝑛2 + 10𝑛 + 25
B. 𝑛2 + 12𝑛 + 35
C. 2𝑛2 − 8𝑛 + 16
D. 𝑛3 − 1
E. None of these.
Answer: A. 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒏 + 𝟐𝟓
Solution:
A number has an odd number of factors if and only if it is a perfect square. Checking the choices,
𝐴. 𝑛2 + 10𝑛 + 25 = (𝑛 + 5)2
This is a perfect square, and has an odd number of factor(s) (one).
 9. Which of the following is the longest?
A. 99,000 𝑐𝑚
B. 3,200 𝑓𝑡
C. 1100 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
D. 0.65 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
E. 1 𝑘𝑚
Answer: D. 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔
Solution:
Convert the choices to the same unit of measurement, say, 𝑘𝑚,
1𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚
A. 99000 𝑐𝑚 × 100 𝑐𝑚 × 1000 𝑚 = 0.99 𝑘𝑚
1 𝑘𝑚
B. 3200 𝑓𝑡 × 3280 𝑓𝑡 ≅ 0.9756 𝑘𝑚
3 𝑓𝑡 1 𝑘𝑚
C. 1100 𝑦𝑑 × 1 𝑦𝑑 × 3280 𝑓𝑡 ≅ 1.006 𝑘𝑚
1.609 𝑘𝑚
D. 0.65 𝑚𝑖 × ≅ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝒎
1 𝑚𝑖

10. Three real numbers are multiplied together. One is irrational, while the other two are rational.
Which of the following must be true?
A. The product must be rational.
B. The product must be irrational.
C. The product cannot be expressed as a real number.
D. The product may be rational or irrational.
E. None of these are true.
Answer: D. The product may be rational or irrational.
Solution:
The product of two rational numbers is always rational.
The product of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, except when the rational
number is zero.
Therefore, the product of the three numbers may either be rational (if at least one of them is
zero), or irrational (if the two rational numbers are nonzero).
 Part 2

11. Simplify √58. 7̅ as a fraction in lowest terms.

𝟐𝟑 𝟐
Answer: 𝒐𝒓 𝟕 𝟑
𝟑

Solution:
Let 𝑥 = 0. 7̅. So,
10𝑥 = 7. 7̅
10𝑥 − 𝑥 = 7. 7̅ − 0. 7̅
9𝑥 = 7
7
𝑥=
9
So,

7 9(58) + 7
√58. 7̅ = √58 = √
9 9

529 23 2
=√ = =7
9 3 3

12. Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, and 𝑒 are positive integers such that

1 381
𝑎+ = .
1 266
𝑏+ 1
𝑐+ 1
𝑑+𝑒
Determine the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒.
Answer: 𝟏𝟖
Solution:
Note that:
381 115 1
=1+ =1+
266 266 266
115
1 1
= 1+ =1+
36 1
2+ 2 + 115
115
36
 1 1
= 1+ =1+
1 1
2+ 7 2+ 1
3 + 36 3 + 36
7
1
=1+
1
2+ 1
3+ 1
5+7
So, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 3, 𝑑 = 5, 𝑒 = 7, and
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 18

13. A bouncy rubber ball is dropped from a height of 143 meters, and each time it strikes the ground,
7
it bounces back at a height of of the distance from which it fell. Determine the total vertical
11
distance (in meters) travelled by the ball before it comes to rest.
𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟕
Answer: 643.5 or 𝟔𝟒𝟑 𝟐 or meters
𝟐

Solution:
The ball’s total vertical distance can be expressed as
7 7 2 7 3
143 + 143 ( ) × 2 + 143 ( ) × 2 + 143 ( ) × 2 + ⋯
11 11 11
7
Note that this follows an infinite geometric series, with first term = 143 (11) = 91 and common
7
ratio = , whose sum is doubled (to account for both the fall and bounce), and added with the
11
original fall distance = 143 𝑚. So,
𝑎1
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. = 143 + 2𝑆𝑛 = 143 + 2 ( )
1−𝑟
91 91
= 143 + 2 ( ) = 143 + 2 ( )
7 4
1−
11 11
1001 1
= 143 + 2 ( ) = 143 + 500
4 2
1287
= = 643.5
2
7
Alternatively, adding two infinite geometric sums (𝑟 = 11), one for total fall distance (𝑎1 = 143),
7
and one for total bounce distance (𝑎1 = 143 (11)):
 (𝑎1 )1 (𝑎1 )2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡. = 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 = +
1 − 𝑟1 1 − 𝑟2
7
143 143 (11) 143 + 91
= + =
7 7 4
1 − 11 1 − 11
11
11 11 × 117
= (234) =
4 2
1287 1
= = 643
2 2

14. Evaluate (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 20252 ) − (1 × 3 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 5 + ⋯ + 2024 × 2026).

Answer: 2025
Solution:
The first expression represents the sum of squares of the first 𝑛 = 2025 natural numbers, which
can be expressed as
2025

(12 2
+ 2 + ⋯ + 2025 2)
= ∑ 𝑛2
𝑛=1

The second expression can be expressed as the sum of the terms (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 + 1), from 𝑛 = 2 to
𝑛 = 2025:
2025 2025

(1 × 3 + 2 × 4 + ⋯ + 2024 × 2026) = ∑ (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 + 1) = ∑ (𝑛2 − 1)

𝑛=2 𝑛=2
Therefore,
(12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 20252 ) − (1 × 3 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 5 + ⋯ + 2024 × 2026)
2025 2025

= ∑ 𝑛 − ∑ (𝑛2 − 1)
2

𝑛=1 𝑛=2

Separating the first term from the first summation,

2025 2025

= (1)2 + ∑ 𝑛2 − ∑ (𝑛2 − 1)
𝑛=2 𝑛=2
2025 2025 2025
2 2
= 1 + ∑ 𝑛 − ( ∑ 𝑛 − ∑ 1)
𝑛=2 𝑛=2 𝑛=2
2025 2025

= 1 + ∑ 𝑛2 − ∑ 𝑛2 + 1(2024)
𝑛=2 𝑛=2
= 2025
15. A regular decagon is inscribed in a circle. An inscribed angle is also placed in the circle, such that
its intercepted arc contains three adjacent vertices of the decagon. Determine the least measure
of the inscribed angle.
Answer: 36
Solution:

The decagon is inscribed in a circle, so its vertices lie on the circle. Since it is regular, a central
angle subtended by an arc between three adjacent vertices is
360
2× = 72°
10
By inscribed angle theorem, the inscribed angle intercepting the same arc as said central angle
is
72
= 36°
2

16. Simplify (4𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4) ÷ (2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4).

Answer: 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 or 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙
Solution:
By long division,
2𝑥 + 1
2 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
2𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 4 ⟌4𝑥 3 − 20𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4
−(4𝑥 3 − 22𝑥 2 + 8𝑥)
2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4
− (2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 4)
0
 2(𝑥+4) 3𝑥−5 3(7𝑥+1)
17. Determine the value of 𝑥 if + = .
5 7 3
𝟏
Answer: −
𝟓𝟒

Solution:
Multiplying both sides of the equation by 𝐿𝐶𝐷(3,5,7) = 105,
2(𝑥 + 4) 3𝑥 − 5 3(7𝑥 + 1)
105 [ + ] = 105 [ ]
5 7 3
21(2𝑥 + 8) + 15(3𝑥 − 5) = 35(21𝑥 + 3)
42𝑥 + 168 + 45𝑥 − 75 = 735𝑥 + 105
735𝑥 − 42𝑥 − 45𝑥 = 168 − 75 − 105
648𝑥 = −12
12 1
𝑥=− =−
648 54

18. The speed of sound is approximated to be around 340 meters per second. Rounded to two
decimal places, determine its speed in miles per minute.
Answer: 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟖
Solution:
𝑚 1 𝑚𝑖 𝑠 𝑚𝑖
340 × × 60 ≈ 12.6787
𝑠 1609 𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑚𝑖
≅ 12.68
𝑚𝑖𝑛

19. A magic square can be made by arranging numbers 20 to 28 in the 9 places of a 3 × 3 square grid
such that all rows, columns, and both diagonals have the same sums. Suppose three of the
arranged numbers, as shown, are related in terms of 𝑥, determine the value of 𝑋.

2𝑥

3𝑥 − 7 𝑥 + 11

Answer: 26
 Solution:
For a 3 × 3 magic square, the middle square must contain the median/average of the given
consecutive numbers. In this case,
20 + 28
= 24
2
The bottom middle square lies on the second column and last row, therefore the remaining
squares in these two arrays must be equal:
2𝑥 + 24 = (3𝑥 − 7) + (𝑥 + 11)
2𝑥 + 24 = 4𝑥 + 4
20 = 2𝑥
𝑥 = 10
Similarly, for the top right square, which lies on both the ‘/’ diagonal and the last column:
(3𝑥 − 7) + 24 = 𝑋 + (𝑥 + 11)
3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 17 − 11 = 𝑋
𝑋 = 2(10) + 6
𝑋 = 26

27 20 25

22 24 26

23 28 21

2 2
20. Simplify (√13 + √11) − (√13 − √11) .

Answer: 𝟒√𝟏𝟒𝟑
Solution:
Using identities: (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 and (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ,
2 2
(√13 + √11) − (√13 − √11) =
[13 + 2√13 × 11 + 11] − [13 − 2√13 × 11 + 11]
= 4√143
21. Determine the sum of all possible values of 𝑥 if

√2𝑥√2𝑥√2𝑥 … = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ⋯.

𝟑
Answer: 𝟒

Solution:

Let 𝑦 = √2𝑥 √2𝑥√2𝑥 … and 𝑧 = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ⋯.

So,
𝑦 = √2𝑥𝑦 ⟹ 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥𝑦
⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝑥
and
𝑧 = √𝑥 + 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑧 2 = 𝑥 + 𝑧
Since 𝑦 = 𝑧,
𝑦 = 2𝑥 = √𝑥 + 𝑧
(2𝑥)2 = 𝑥 + (2𝑥)
4𝑥 2 = 3𝑥
3
𝑥=
4

22. Two circular gears are placed side by side and are tangent at point 𝑀. The smaller gear has an
inscribed angle of 85°, while the larger gear has 8 times the area of the smaller gear. Suppose the
smaller gear is rotated clockwise, making the larger gear rotate accordingly counterclockwise,
until both circles are tangent at 𝑃. By how many degrees did the larger gear rotate in total?

85°

𝟖𝟓√𝟐
Answer:
𝟐
 Solution:
Let 𝑅𝑆 , 𝑅𝐿 , and 𝐴𝑠 be the radius of the small gear, the radius of the large gear, and the area of the
small gear, respectively. So, the area of the large gear is
8𝐴𝑠 = 𝜋𝑅𝐿2
8(𝜋𝑅𝑆2 ) = 𝜋𝑅𝐿2

𝑅𝐿 = √8𝑅𝑆2 = 2√2𝑅𝑆

When both gears rotate in opposite direction, from one contact point to another, they should
travel at equal distance (arc length). Given central angle 𝜃 in radians, the arc length is
𝑠 = 𝑅𝜃
Thus,
𝑅𝐿 𝜃𝐿 = 𝑅𝑆 𝜃𝑆
𝑅𝑆 1 √2 √2
𝜃𝐿 = 𝜃𝑆 = 𝜃𝑆 × = 𝜃
𝑅𝐿 2√2 √2 4 𝑆
̂ is
By inscribed angle theorem, the central angle subtending 𝑀𝑃
𝜃𝑆 = 2 × 85° = 170°
Therefore, the angle rotation of the large gear, in degrees, is

𝜋 √2 𝜋
𝜃𝐿 × = 𝜃𝑆 ×
180 4 180
√2 85√2°
𝜃𝐿 = (170) = ≈ 60.1°
4 2

23. Queen is 25 years old. When her age was the same as Emman’s present age, she was 3 times as
old as Emman. Determine Emman’s present age.
Answer: 15
Solution:
Let 𝐸 be Emman’s present age. Tabulating the given,
𝑥 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑜 𝑁𝑜𝑤
Queen 25 − 𝑥 25
Emman 𝐸−𝑥 𝐸
If Queen was as old as Emman’s present age, 𝑥 years ago, then
25 − 𝑥 = 𝐸
At the same time, she was thrice as old as Emman. So,
 25 − 𝑥 = 3(𝐸 − 𝑥)
Therefore,
25 − 𝑥 = 3((25 − 𝑥) − 𝑥)
25 − 𝑥 = 3(25 − 2𝑥)
25 − 𝑥 = 75 − 6𝑥
5𝑥 = 50
𝑥 = 10
⟹ 𝐸 = 25 − (10) = 15
10 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑜 𝑁𝑜𝑤
Queen 15 25
Emman 5 15

24. It is between 6 o’clock and 7 o’clock in the evening, and the minute hand is before the hour hand.
In 22 minutes, the minute hand will be twice as far from the hour hand as it was earlier. What
time is it?
𝟏𝟑
Answer: 𝟔: 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟑 𝑷𝑴

Solution:
The angle (𝜃) between the minute (𝑀) and hour (𝐻) hands is given by the formula:
11
𝜃 = |30𝐻 − 𝑀|
2
The value inside the absolute value is positive when the minute hand is before the hour hand,
and negative when the minute hand is ahead of the hour hand.
At current time, minute hand is before hour hand. So,
11 11
𝜃 = 30(6) − 𝑀 = 180 − 𝑀
2 2
In 22 minutes, the angle between hands will be twice as earlier, and the minute hand should
already be ahead of the hour hand. So,
11
2𝜃 = − [30(6) − (𝑀 + 22)]
2
11
2𝜃 = −180 + 𝑀 + 121
2
11
2𝜃 = 𝑀 − 59
2
Combining the two equations,
11 11
2 (180 − 𝑀) = 𝑀 − 59
2 2
 11
360 − 11𝑀 = 𝑀 − 59
2
11
(11 + ) 𝑀 = 360 + 59
2
22 + 11
𝑀 = 419
2
838 13
𝑀= = 25
33 33
13
Therefore, the current time is 6: 25 33 𝑃𝑀.

25. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2025 that are divisible by either
of 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15 or 21.
Answer: 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution:
Note that numbers divisible by 9 or 12 are also divisible by 3, numbers divisible by 14 or 21 are
also divisible by 7, and numbers divisible by 15 are also divisible by 3 or 5. Thus, we only have
to count the numbers divisible by 3, 5 and 7. So,
2025 2025 2025
⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋
3 5 7
= 675 + 405 + 289 = 1369
In this count, numbers that are divisible by both 3 and 5, such as 15 and its multiples, are counted
twice. The same happens for numbers divisible by both 5 and 7, and numbers divisible by both
3 and 7. To avoid double counting, we must deduct:
2025 2025 2025 2025
⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋+⌊ ⌋−⌊ ⌋
3×5 3×7 5×7 3×5×7
From the above count, we deduct the numbers divisible by 𝐿𝐶𝑀(3,5,7) = 3 × 5 × 7 = 105, since
they are already counted. Hence, this becomes
= 135 + 96 + 57 − 19 = 269
So, the final count for the numbers divisible by either of the numbers in the given problem is:
1369 − 269 = 1100