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Assignment-4

The document outlines a series of transient conduction assignments involving heat transfer calculations for various materials and scenarios, including a steel sphere, a furnace wall, an annealing process, a wire in an oil bath, a plastic rod, and a thick steel slab. Each problem requires estimating time or temperature changes under specific conditions, such as convection coefficients and thermal properties. The assignments emphasize practical applications of thermal conduction principles in engineering contexts.

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Anita Gupta
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7 views

Assignment-4

The document outlines a series of transient conduction assignments involving heat transfer calculations for various materials and scenarios, including a steel sphere, a furnace wall, an annealing process, a wire in an oil bath, a plastic rod, and a thick steel slab. Each problem requires estimating time or temperature changes under specific conditions, such as convection coefficients and thermal properties. The assignments emphasize practical applications of thermal conduction principles in engineering contexts.

Uploaded by

Anita Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transient Conduction Assignment

1. A solid steel sphere (AISI 1010), 300 mm in diameter, is coated with a dielectric
material layer of thickness 2 mm and thermal conductivity 0.04 W/m.K. The coated
sphere is initially at a uniform temperature of 500°C and is suddenly quenched in a
large oil bath for which T(inf) = 100°C and h = 3300 W/m2.K. Estimate the time
required for the coated sphere temperature to reach 140°C. Hint: Neglect the effect
of energy storage in the dielectric material, since its thermal capacitance (pcV) is
small compared to that of the steel sphere.

2. A plane wall of a furnace is fabricated from plain carbon steel (k = 60 W/m.K, p = 7850 kg/m3
, c = 430 J/kg.K) and is of thickness L = 10 mm. To protect it from the corrosive effects of the
furnace combustion gases, one surface of the wall is coated with a thin ceramic film that, for
a unit surface area, has a thermal resistance of R”(t,f) 0.01 m2.K/W. The opposite surface is
well insulated from the surroundings. At furnace start-up the wall is at an initial temperature
of Ti = 300 K, and combustion gases at T(inf) = 1300 K enter the furnace, providing a
convection coefficient of h = 25 W/m2 . K at the ceramic film. Assuming the film to have
negligible thermal capacitance, how long will it take for the inner surface of the steel to
achieve a temperature of Ts,i = 1200 K? What is the temperature T(s,o) of the exposed
surface of the ceramic film at this time?

3. Annealing is a process by which steel is reheated and then cooled to make it less brittle.
Consider the reheat stage for a 100-mm-thick steel plate (p = 7830 kg/m3 , c = 550 J/kg.K, k
= 48 W/m . K), which is initially at a uniform temperature of Ti = 200 C and is to be heated to
a minimum temperature of 550 C. Heating is effected in a gas-fired furnace, where products
of combustion at T(inf) = 800 C maintain a convection coefficient of h = 250 W/m2 = K on
both surfaces of the plate. How long should the plate be left in the furnace?
4. A long wire of diameter D = 1 mm is submerged in an oil bath of temperature T(inf) = 25°C.
The wire has an electrical resistance per unit length of R’e = 0.01 ohm/m. If a current of I =
100 A flows through the wire and the convection coefficient is h = 500 W/m2 . K, what is the
steady-state temperature of the wire? From the time the current is applied, how long does it
take for the wire to reach a temperature that is within 1°C of the steady-state value? The
properties of the wire are p = 8000 kg/m3 , c = 500 J/kg . K, and k = 20 W/m . K.

5. A long plastic rod of 30-mm diameter (k = 0.3 W/m . K and pc = 1040 kJ/m3 . K) is uniformly
heated in an oven as preparation for a pressing operation. For best results, the temperature
in the rod should not be less than 200°C. To what uniform temperature should the rod be
heated in the oven if, for the worst case, the rod sits on a conveyor for 3 min while exposed
to convection cooling with ambient air at 25°C and with a convection coefficient of 8 W/m2
K? A further condition for good results is a maximum–minimum temperature difference of
less than 10°C. Is this condition satisfied and, if not, what could you do to satisfy it?

6. A thick steel slab (p= 7800 kg/m3 , c = 480 J/kg . K, k = 50 W/m . K) is initially at 300 C and is
cooled by water jets impinging on one of its surfaces. The temperature of the water is 25 C,
and the jets maintain an extremely large, approximately uniform convection coefficient at
the surface. Assuming that the surface is maintained at the temperature of the water
throughout the cooling, how long will it take for the temperature to reach 50 C at a distance
of 25 mm from the surface?

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