The Copperbelt University

School of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department

Design checks in engineering

Design checks in engineering ensure that a product or system meets the required
standards, functions as intended, and is safe to use. Below is a detailed guide on how
to check each aspect:

1. Clarity

Definition: Ensure that the design is easily understood by all stakeholders.

How to check:

 Review design documentation, schematics, and models for

 Use consistent terminology and units.

 Conduct peer reviews to identify ambiguous areas.

 Create flow diagrams to explain processes and dependencies.

2. Simplicity

Definition: Avoid unnecessary complexity in the design.

How to check:

 Break the system into smaller components and evaluate each for
redundancy.

 Compare with alternative designs to see if a simpler solution exists.

 Use tools like Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (DFMEA) to
identify over-complicated areas.

 Confirm that every feature directly supports the design's purpose.

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Definition: Design components to be interchangeable and independently testable.

How to check:

 Verify that components can be replaced or upgraded without affecting

 Use standards for interfaces (e.g., electrical connectors, fasteners).

 Test modules individually for functionality.

 Confirm that modular design does not compromise overall system

4. Safety

Definition: Ensure that the design minimizes risks to users, operators, and the
environment.

How to check:

 Conduct risk assessments using standards like ISO 31000.

 Perform simulations and stress tests to identify failure points.

 Verify compliance with regulatory safety standards (e.g., OSHA, ISO

 Include fail-safes, interlocks, and warning systems in the design.

5. Standardization and Size Ranges

Definition: Use industry standards for parts and ensure compatibility with common
size ranges.

How to check:

 Cross-reference components with standards like ISO, ANSI, or DIN.

 Ensure sizes fit standard manufacturing and maintenance tools.

 Check vendor availability for parts to confirm standardization.

 Document adherence to standards in technical reports.

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Definition: Ensure the design performs consistently under expected conditions.

How to check:

 Conduct lifecycle testing to simulate prolonged usage.

 Analyze material properties and performance under environmental

 Use statistical tools like Weibull analysis to predict failure rates.

 Review maintenance records from similar designs to identify common

7. Robust Design

Definition: Ensure the design can handle variations and uncertainties.

How to check:

 Perform tolerance analysis for key dimensions.

 Test under extreme conditions (temperature, vibration, humidity).

 Use Six Sigma methodologies to reduce variability.

 Validate robustness through accelerated life testing.

8. Design Organization and Communication

Definition: Ensure design data is well-structured and effectively communicated.

How to check:

 Shape Use file management systems for storing CAD files, reports,
and revisions.

 Develop a clear naming and numbering convention for parts and

 Ensure communication tools (email, reports, meetings) are

 Conduct regular design reviews to align teams.

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Definition: Provide detailed documentation of design rationale, methodologies, and

How to check:

 Follow a standardized template (introduction, objectives, methodology,

 Include charts, graphs, and images to enhance understanding.

 Peer review for accuracy and coherence.

 Validate calculations and references.

10. Drawings

Definition: Accurately represent the design with engineering drawings.

How to check:

 Verify dimensions and tolerances using CAD tools.

 Cross-check with manufacturing processes for feasibility.

 Ensure drawings meet standards like ISO 129 or ASME Y14.5.

 Include a revision history to track changes.

11. Presentations

Definition: Convey design ideas effectively to stakeholders.

How to check:

 Keep slides concise, with key points highlighted.

 Use visuals (diagrams, 3D renders) to support explanations.

 Practice delivery to ensure clarity and engagement.

 Solicit feedback from a sample audience.

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Definition: Create physical or digital prototypes to test and demonstrate the design.

How to check:

 Verify CAD models for alignment and compatibility of parts.

 Test physical models for functionality and ergonomics.

 Use rapid prototyping techniques like 3D printing for early testing.

 Validate models against specifications and revise as needed.

By systematically applying these checks, you can ensure the design meets quality,
reliability, and performance standards.

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