CIS Microsoft Azure

Foundations Benchmark
v2.0.0 - 02-14-2023
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Table of Contents
Terms of Use ................................................................................................................. 1
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... 2
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 7
Intended Audience................................................................................................................. 9
Consensus Guidance ...........................................................................................................10
Typographical Conventions .................................................................................................11
Recommendation Definitions ..................................................................................... 12
Title ........................................................................................................................................12
Assessment Status...............................................................................................................12
Automated ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Manual ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Profile ....................................................................................................................................12
Description ............................................................................................................................12
Rationale Statement .............................................................................................................12
Impact Statement ..................................................................................................................13
Audit Procedure ....................................................................................................................13
Remediation Procedure........................................................................................................13
Default Value .........................................................................................................................13
References ............................................................................................................................13
CIS Critical Security Controls® (CIS Controls®) ..................................................................13
Additional Information..........................................................................................................13
Profile Definitions .................................................................................................................14
Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................15
Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 18
1 Identity and Access Management.....................................................................................18
1.1 Security Defaults............................................................................................................................ 19
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active Directory (Manual) .......................................... 20
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all Privileged Users (Manual) ......................... 22
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all Non-Privileged Users (Manual) ................. 26
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
1.2 Conditional Access ........................................................................................................................ 31
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined (Manual) ............................................................................... 32
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is considered (Manual) ............................... 35
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for Administrative Groups (Manual).............. 40
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for All Users (Manual) .................................. 43
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky Sign-ins (Manual) ...................................... 46

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 1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure Management (Manual) .............................. 49
1.3 Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set to 'No' (Automated) ....................................... 52
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis (Manual) ........................................................ 57
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set to '2' (Manual) ............................................. 61
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to 'Enforce' for your Organization (Manual) ............... 63
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to re-confirm their authentication information' is
not set to '0' (Manual) .................................................................................................................................. 67
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to 'Yes' (Manual) ................................................ 69
1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset their password?' is set to 'Yes' (Manual) ..... 71
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not allow user consent` (Manual) ...................... 74
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for Verified Publishers’ (Manual)................... 76
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is set to 'No' (Manual) ...................................... 79
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to ‘No’ (Manual) .............................................. 81
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to 'Guest user access is restricted to properties
and memberships of their own directory objects' (Manual) ......................................................................... 84
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite
guest users" (Manual) ................................................................................................................................. 87
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration portal' is Set to 'Yes' (Manual) ................... 90
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes'
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 92
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 94
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No'
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 96
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
(Manual) ...................................................................................................................................................... 98
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to
'Yes' (Manual) ........................................................................................................................................... 100
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator Roles Exist (Automated) ................................. 102
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for Administering Resource Locks (Manual) ......... 105
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and ‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set
To ‘Permit No One’ (Manual) .................................................................................................................... 108

2 Microsoft Defender ..........................................................................................................110

2.1 Microsoft Defender for Cloud ..................................................................................................... 111
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On' (Manual)................................................ 112
2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ...................................... 115
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual) .......................................... 118
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ....................... 122
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on Machines Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ................. 125
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source Relational Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual) .. 128
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To 'On' (Manual) .............................................. 131
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ......................................... 134
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ............................. 138
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ......................................... 141
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On' (Manual) ................................................. 144
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager Is Set To 'On' (Manual) .......................... 147
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for 'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
(Manual) .................................................................................................................................................... 150
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not Set to 'Disabled' (Manual) ....................... 152
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for Azure VMs' is Set to 'On' (Automated) . 155
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability assessment for machines' is Set to 'On' (Manual) . 158

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 2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for Containers components' is Set to 'On'
(Manual) .................................................................................................................................................... 160
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to 'Owner' (Automated)................................ 162
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a Security Contact Email (Automated) .... 165
2.1.20 Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the following severity' is Set to 'High' (Automated) ............... 168
2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is
Selected (Manual) ..................................................................................................................................... 171
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is
selected (Manual) ..................................................................................................................................... 175
2.2 Microsoft Defender for IoT .......................................................................................................... 179
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To 'On' (Manual) .............................................. 180
2.3 Microsoft Defender for External Attack Surface Monitoring ................................................... 182
3 Storage Accounts ............................................................................................................183
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled' (Automated) ............................................... 184
3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to
‘enabled’ (Automated) ............................................................................................................................... 186
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for each Storage Account (Manual) .............. 189
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are Periodically Regenerated (Manual)........................... 192
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 195
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire Within an Hour (Manual) ................................. 198
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage accounts with blob containers (Automated) . 200
3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage Accounts is Set to Deny (Automated) ................... 204
3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list to access this storage account' is Enabled for
Storage Account Access (Automated) ...................................................................................................... 207
3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage Accounts (Automated) ................................. 210
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and Blob Storage (Automated) ....................... 216
3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with Customer Managed Keys (Manual)................. 219
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 222
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 226
3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts is set to "Version 1.2" (Automated) .......... 229

4 Database Services ...........................................................................................................231

4.1 SQL Server - Auditing.................................................................................................................. 232
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' (Automated) .............................................................................. 233
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) (Automated) .................... 236
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) protector is encrypted with Customer-
managed key (Automated) ........................................................................................................................ 240
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured for SQL Servers (Automated) .................. 244
4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL Database (Automated) .................................. 247
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days' (Automated) ............................................ 250
4.2 SQL Server - Microsoft Defender for SQL ................................................................................. 253
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for critical SQL Servers (Automated) ........... 254
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on a SQL server by setting a Storage Account
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 257
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each
SQL server (Automated) ........................................................................................................................... 261
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send scan reports to' is configured for a SQL
server (Automated) ................................................................................................................................... 264
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also send email notifications to admins and
subscription owners' is set for each SQL Server (Automated) .................................................................. 267
4.3 PostgreSQL Database Server ..................................................................................................... 270

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 4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 271
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 273
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 276
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 279
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 282
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database
Server (Automated) ................................................................................................................................... 285
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL Database Server is disabled (Automated)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 288
4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL Database Server is 'Enabled' (Automated)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 290
4.4 MySQL Database.......................................................................................................................... 293
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for Standard MySQL Database Server
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 294
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL flexible Database Server (Automated) ........... 296
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to 'ON' for MySQL Database Server (Manual) 299
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has 'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
(Manual) .................................................................................................................................................... 301
4.5 Cosmos DB ................................................................................................................................... 303
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
(Automated) .............................................................................................................................................. 304
4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible (Manual) ............................................... 307
4.5.3 Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication and Azure RBAC where possible. (Manual)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 309

5 Logging and Monitoring ..................................................................................................310

5.1 Configuring Diagnostic Settings ................................................................................................ 311
5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists (Manual) ........................................................................... 312
5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate categories (Automated) ........................................ 317
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is not Publicly Accessible (Automated) ..... 320
5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with activity logs is encrypted with Customer
Managed Key (Automated) ....................................................................................................................... 323
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled' (Automated) ................................................... 326
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are captured and sent to Log Analytics (Manual) ... 330
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is enabled (Manual) .................................... 332
5.2 Monitoring using Activity Log Alerts ......................................................................................... 334
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy Assignment (Automated) ............................. 335
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy Assignment (Automated) .............................. 339
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Network Security Group (Automated) .... 342
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network Security Group (Automated) ..................... 345
5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Security Solution (Automated) ............... 348
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security Solution (Automated) ................................ 351
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update SQL Server Firewall Rule (Automated) . 354
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL Server Firewall Rule (Automated)................... 358
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Public IP Address rule (Automated) ....... 362
5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP Address rule (Automated) ...................... 366
5.3 Configuring Application Insights ............................................................................................... 370
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured (Automated)................................................................. 371
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled for All Services that Support it (Manual) .... 374

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 5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for
Production Workloads) (Automated) ......................................................................................................... 379

6 Networking .......................................................................................................................381
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated and restricted (Automated) .......................... 382
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated and restricted (Automated) ........................... 385
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated and restricted (Automated) .......................... 388
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is evaluated and restricted (Automated) .................... 391
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days' (Automated)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 394
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' (Automated)...................................................................... 396
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a Periodic Basis (Manual) ................................... 398

7 Virtual Machines ..............................................................................................................400

7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists (Automated) ............................................................................. 401
7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks (Automated) .................................................... 405
7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with Customer Managed Key (CMK) (Automated) .... 408
7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with 'Customer Managed Key' (CMK) (Automated) ..... 411
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed (Manual) ........................................................... 414
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines is installed (Manual).................................... 417
7.7 [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted (Manual) .......................................................................... 419

8 Key Vault ..........................................................................................................................423

8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in RBAC Key Vaults (Automated) ......................... 424
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-RBAC Key Vaults. (Automated) ................ 427
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in RBAC Key Vaults (Automated) ..................... 430
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in Non-RBAC Key Vaults (Automated) ............. 434
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable (Automated) ............................................................................. 438
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault (Manual) ..................................................... 442
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key Vault (Manual) .............................................. 445
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure Key Vault for the Supported Services
(Manual) .................................................................................................................................................... 449

9 AppService .......................................................................................................................454
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in Azure App Service (Automated) ................. 455
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in Azure App Service (Automated) ................ 458
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS encryption (Automated) ...................................... 461
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming client certificates)' set to 'On' (Automated) .... 464
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is enabled on App Service (Automated) ................ 467
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run the Web App (Manual) ................................ 470
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version, if Used to Run the Web App (Manual) ...... 473
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the Web App (Manual) ..................................... 476
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run the Web App (Automated) .......................... 480
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled (Automated) ........................................................................ 483
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets (Manual) ......................................................... 486

10 Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................492
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical Azure Resources (Manual) ....................... 493

Appendix: Summary Table ....................................................................................... 496

Appendix: Change History ....................................................................................... 553

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Overview
All CIS Benchmarks focus on technical configuration settings used to maintain and/or
increase the security of the addressed technology, and they should be used in
conjunction with other essential cyber hygiene tasks like:
• Monitoring the base operating system for vulnerabilities and quickly updating with
the latest security patches
• Monitoring applications and libraries for vulnerabilities and quickly updating with
the latest security patches

In the end, the CIS Benchmarks are designed as a key component of a comprehensive
cybersecurity program.

This document, CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark, provides prescriptive

guidance for establishing a secure baseline configuration for Microsoft Azure. The
scope of this benchmark is to establish the foundation level of security for anyone
adopting Microsoft Azure Cloud. The benchmark is, however, not an exhaustive list of
all possible security configurations and architecture. The benchmark should be
understood as a starting point. Site-specific tailoring will almost certainly be required.
The CIS Azure Foundations Benchmark provides recommendations for the following
Azure Services:

• App Service
• Application Gateway
• Azure Active Directory
• Azure Advisor
• Azure Cosmos DB
• Azure Disk Storage
• Azure Files
• Azure Monitor
• Azure Policy
• Azure Private Link
• Azure Resource Manager
• Azure Service Health
• Azure SQL
• Azure SQL Database
• Key Vault
• Microsoft Azure portal
• Microsoft Defender for Cloud
• Static Web Apps
• Storage Accounts
• Virtual Machines
• Virtual Network

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Multiple Methods of Audit and Remediation
Throughout the Benchmark, Audit and Remediation procedures are prescribed using up
to four different methods. These multiple methods are presented for the convenience of
readers who will be coming from different technical and experiential backgrounds. To
perform any given Audit or Remediation, only one method needs to be performed. Not
every method is available for every recommendation, and many that are available are
not yet written for every recommendation. The methods presented in the Benchmark
are formatted and titled as follows:

• "From Azure Portal" - This is the administrative GUI accessed at

https://portal.azure.com.
• "From Azure CLI" - See additional detail in the next section.
• "From PowerShell" - See additional detail in the next section.
• "From REST API" - An Application Programming Interface (API) for HTTP
operations on service endpoints.

Setting Up PowerShell and Azure CLI

In order to use the Azure Command Line Interface (CLI) and the Azure PowerShell
methods for audit and remediation procedures, the following permissions are required
for the account running the procedures:

1. Global Reader
2. Security Reader
3. Subscription Contributor
4. Key Vault Get/List privileges on Keys, Secrets, Certificates, and Certificate
Authorities
5. Network allow listing for any source IP address performing the audit activities
6. Permissions to use PowerShell and Azure CLI

These permissions can be directly assigned or assigned via Privileged Identity

Management.
The Azure CLI tool can be installed from the following location:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli-windows?tabs=azure-cli
For PowerShell, the following cmdlets are required:

1. Azure PowerShell: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/azure/install-az-

ps-msi?view=azps-8.2.0
2. Microsoft Graph PowerShell: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-
us/powershell/microsoftgraph/get-started?view=graph-powershell-1.0
3. Azure AD PowerShell for Graph: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/powershell/azure/active-directory/overview?view=azureadps-2.0
4. MS Online PowerShell: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/powershell/module/msonline/?view=azureadps-1.0

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Authenticating with Azure CLI
Run the following command from either PowerShell or command prompt:
az login --tenant <tenant id> --subscription <subscription ID>
Authenticating with PowerShell
Login to the Azure tenant and subscription using the following command:
Connect-AzAccount -Subscription <subscription ID> -Tenant <Tenant ID>
Connect-MgGraph
Connect-MsolService
Connect-AzureAD
NOTE: This will store session information within the PowerShell environment and may
persist after closing PowerShell. Please take all necessary precautions to shorten the
lifespan of this session and protect it from unauthorized access.
Latest Version
To obtain the latest version of this guide, please visit https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-
benchmarks/.
Feedback
If you have questions, comments, or have identified ways to improve this guide, please
write us at [email protected].

Intended Audience
This document is intended for system and application administrators, security
specialists, auditors, help desk, and platform deployment personnel who plan to
develop, deploy, assess, or secure solutions that incorporate Microsoft Azure.

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Consensus Guidance
This CIS Benchmark was created using a consensus review process comprised of a
global community of subject matter experts. The process combines real world
experience with data-based information to create technology specific guidance to assist
users to secure their environments. Consensus participants provide perspective from a
diverse set of backgrounds including consulting, software development, audit and
compliance, security research, operations, government, and legal.
Each CIS Benchmark undergoes two phases of consensus review. The first phase
occurs during initial Benchmark development. During this phase, subject matter experts
convene to discuss, create, and test working drafts of the Benchmark. This discussion
occurs until consensus has been reached on Benchmark recommendations. The
second phase begins after the Benchmark has been published. During this phase, all
feedback provided by the Internet community is reviewed by the consensus team for
incorporation in the Benchmark. If you are interested in participating in the consensus
process, please visit https://workbench.cisecurity.org/.

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Typographical Conventions
The following typographical conventions are used throughout this guide:

Convention Meaning

Used for blocks of code, command, and script

Stylized Monospace font examples. Text should be interpreted exactly as
presented.

Monospace font Used for inline code, commands, or examples.

Text should be interpreted exactly as presented.

Italic texts set in angle brackets denote a variable

<italic font in brackets> requiring substitution for a real value.

Used to denote the title of a book, article, or other

Italic font
publication.

Note Additional information or caveats

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Recommendation Definitions
The following defines the various components included in a CIS recommendation as
applicable. If any of the components are not applicable it will be noted or the
component will not be included in the recommendation.

Title
Concise description for the recommendation's intended configuration.

Assessment Status
An assessment status is included for every recommendation. The assessment status
indicates whether the given recommendation can be automated or requires manual
steps to implement. Both statuses are equally important and are determined and
supported as defined below:

Automated
Represents recommendations for which assessment of a technical control can be fully
automated and validated to a pass/fail state. Recommendations will include the
necessary information to implement automation.

Manual
Represents recommendations for which assessment of a technical control cannot be
fully automated and requires all or some manual steps to validate that the configured
state is set as expected. The expected state can vary depending on the environment.

Profile
A collection of recommendations for securing a technology or a supporting platform.
Most benchmarks include at least a Level 1 and Level 2 Profile. Level 2 extends Level 1
recommendations and is not a standalone profile. The Profile Definitions section in the
benchmark provides the definitions as they pertain to the recommendations included for
the technology.

Description
Detailed information pertaining to the setting with which the recommendation is
concerned. In some cases, the description will include the recommended value.

Rationale Statement
Detailed reasoning for the recommendation to provide the user a clear and concise
understanding on the importance of the recommendation.

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Impact Statement
Any security, functionality, or operational consequences that can result from following
the recommendation.

Audit Procedure
Systematic instructions for determining if the target system complies with the
recommendation

Remediation Procedure
Systematic instructions for applying recommendations to the target system to bring it
into compliance according to the recommendation.

Default Value
Default value for the given setting in this recommendation, if known. If not known, either
not configured or not defined will be applied.

References
Additional documentation relative to the recommendation.

CIS Critical Security Controls® (CIS Controls®)

The mapping between a recommendation and the CIS Controls is organized by CIS
Controls version, Safeguard, and Implementation Group (IG). The Benchmark in its
entirety addresses the CIS Controls safeguards of (v7) “5.1 - Establish Secure
Configurations” and (v8) '4.1 - Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process”
so individual recommendations will not be mapped to these safeguards.

Additional Information
Supplementary information that does not correspond to any other field but may be
useful to the user.

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Profile Definitions
The following configuration profiles are defined by this Benchmark:

• Level 1

Items in this profile intend to:

o be practical and prudent;

o provide security focused best practice hardening of a technology; and
o limit impact to the utility of the technology beyond acceptable means.

• Level 2

This profile extends the "Level 1" profile. Items in this profile exhibit one or more
of the following characteristics:

o are intended for environments or use cases where security is more critical
than manageability and usability
o acts as defense in depth measure
o may impact the utility or performance of the technology
o may include additional licensing, cost, or addition of third party software

Page 14
Acknowledgements
This Benchmark exemplifies the great things a community of users, vendors, and
subject matter experts can accomplish through consensus collaboration. The CIS
community thanks the entire consensus team with special recognition to the following
individuals who contributed greatly to the creation of this guide:

Page 15
Contributor
Mike Wicks
Zeeshan Mustafa
Nathan Young
Mark Weaver
Marc Garcia
Robert Burton
Jim Cheng
Stephen Keller
Gururaj Pandurangi
Felix Simmons
Pravin Goyal
Pradeep R B
Robin Drake
Shobha H D
Rahul Khengare
Jesse Mrasek
Kesten Broughton
Himalay Kondekar
JR Aquino
Jeremie Kass
Sujit Singh
Clément Bonnet
Lewis Matlock
Clifford Moten
Sean Decker
Phil White
Ronit Reger
Lewis Hardy
Gareth Boyes
Ellie Goggin
Luke Schultheis
Sagar Chhatrala
Jeffrey Lemmermann
Apostolos Gioulis
Richard Rives
Nirbhay Kumar
Andrew Thompson
Michael Howard

Page 16
Editor
Logan McMillan
Rachel Rice
Ben Layer
Jonathan Trull
Prabhu Angadi
Parag Patil
Zan Liffick
Iben Rodriguez
Michael Born
Ian McRee

Page 17
Recommendations
1 Identity and Access Management
This section covers security recommendations to set identity and access management
policies on an Azure Subscription. Identity and Access Management policies are the
first step towards a defense-in-depth approach to securing an Azure Cloud Platform
environment.
Many of the recommendations from this section are marked as "Manual" while the
existing Azure CLI and Azure AD PowerShell support through the Azure AD Graph are
being depreciated. It is now recommended to use the new Microsoft Graph in
replacement of Azure AD Graph for PowerShell and API level access. From a security
posture standpoint, these recommendations are still very important and should not be
discounted because they are "Manual." As automation capability using Rest API is
developed for this Benchmark, the related recommendations will be updated with the
respective audit and remediation steps and changed to an "automated" assessment
status.
If any problems are encountered running Azure CLI or PowerShell methodologies,
please refer to the Overview for this benchmark where you will find additional detail on
permission and required cmdlets.

Page 18
1.1 Security Defaults

IMPORTANT: The Azure "Security Defaults" recommendations represent an entry-level

set of recommendations which will be relevant to organizations and tenants that are
either just starting to use Azure as an IaaS solution, or are only utilizing a bare minimum
feature set such as the freely licensed tier of Azure Active Directory. Security Defaults
recommendations are intended to ensure that these entry-level use cases are still
capable of establishing a strong baseline of secure configuration.
If your subscription is licensed to use Azure AD Premium P1 or P2, it is strongly
recommended that the "Security Defaults" section (this section and the
recommendations therein) be bypassed in favor of the use of "Conditional
Access."

Page 19
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
Directory (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Security defaults in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) make it easier to be secure and
help protect your organization. Security defaults contain preconfigured security settings
for common attacks.
Security defaults is available to everyone. The goal is to ensure that all organizations
have a basic level of security enabled at no extra cost. You may turn on security
defaults in the Azure portal.
Rationale:
Security defaults provide secure default settings that we manage on behalf of
organizations to keep customers safe until they are ready to manage their own identity
security settings.
For example, doing the following:

• Requiring all users and admins to register for MFA.

• Challenging users with MFA - when necessary, based on factors such as
location, device, role, and task.
• Disabling authentication from legacy authentication clients, which can’t do MFA.

Impact:
This recommendation should be implemented initially and then may be overridden by
other service/product specific CIS Benchmarks. Administrators should also be aware
that certain configurations in Azure Active Directory may impact other Microsoft services
such as Microsoft 365.
Audit:
From Azure Portal
To ensure security defaults is enabled in your directory:

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Browse to Azure Active Directory > Properties.
3. Select Manage security defaults.
4. Verify the Enable security defaults toggle is Yes.

Page 20
Remediation:
From Azure Portal
To enable security defaults in your directory:

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Browse to Azure Active Directory > Properties
3. Select Manage security defaults
4. Set the Enable security defaults toggle to Yes
5. Select Save

Default Value:
If your tenant was created on or after October 22, 2019, security defaults may already
be enabled in your tenant.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/concept-
fundamentals-security-defaults
2. https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-active-directory-
identity/introducing-security-defaults/ba-p/1061414
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-2-protect-identity-and-authentication-systems

Additional Information:
This recommendation differs from the Microsoft 365 Benchmark. This is because the
potential impact associated with disabling Security Defaults is dependent upon the
security settings implemented in the environment. It is recommended that organizations
disabling Security Defaults implement appropriate security settings to replace the
settings configured by Security Defaults.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.1 Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process

Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets
v8 (end-user devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and
servers) and software (operating systems and applications). Review and update
● ● ●
documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could
impact this Safeguard.

5.1 Establish Secure Configurations

v7 Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all ● ● ●
authorized operating systems and software.

Page 21
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
Privileged Users (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable multi-factor authentication for all roles, groups, and users that have write access
or permissions to Azure resources. These include custom created objects or built-in
roles such as;

• Service Co-Administrators
• Subscription Owners
• Contributors

Rationale:
Multi-factor authentication requires an individual to present a minimum of two separate
forms of authentication before access is granted. Multi-factor authentication provides
additional assurance that the individual attempting to gain access is who they claim to
be. With multi-factor authentication, an attacker would need to compromise at least two
different authentication mechanisms, increasing the difficulty of compromise and thus
reducing the risk.
Impact:
Users would require two forms of authentication before any access is granted.
Additional administrative time will be required for managing dual forms of authentication
when enabling multi-factor authentication.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select the Azure Active Directory blade
3. Select Users
4. Take note of all users with the role Service Co-Administrators, Owners or
Contributors
5. Click on the Per-User MFA button in the top row menu
6. Ensure that MULTI-FACTOR AUTH STATUS is Enabled for all noted users

Page 22
From REST API
For Every Subscription, For Every Tenant
Step 1: Identify Users with Administrative Access

1. List All Users Using Microsoft Graph API:

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users
Capture id and corresponding userPrincipalName ('$uid', '$userPrincipalName')

2. List all Role Definitions Using Azure management API:

https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/:subscriptionId/providers/Microsof
t.Authorization/roleDefinitions?api-version=2017-05-01
Capture Role Definition IDs/Name ('$name') and role names ('$properties/roleName')
where "properties/roleName" contains (Owner or *contributor or admin )

3. List All Role Assignments (Mappings $A.uid to $B.name) Using Azure

Management API:

GET
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/:subscriptionId/providers/Microsof
t.Authorization/roleassignments?api-version=2017-10-01-preview
Find all administrative roles ($B.name) in "Properties/roleDefinitionId" mapped with
user ids ($A.id) in "Properties/principalId" where "Properties/principalType" ==
"User"

4. Now Match ($CProperties/principalId) with $A.uid and get

$A.userPrincipalName save this as D.userPrincipalName

Step 2: Run MSOL PowerShell command:

Get-MsolUser -All | where {$_.StrongAuthenticationMethods.Count -eq 0} |
Select-Object -Property UserPrincipalName
If the output contains any of the $D.userPrincipalName, then this recommendation is
non-compliant.

Page 23
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory blade
3. Select Users
4. Take note of all users with the role Service Co-Administrators, Owners or
Contributors
5. Click on the Per-User MFA button in the top row menu
6. Check the box next to each noted user
7. Click Enable under quick steps in the right-hand panel
8. Click enable multi-factor auth
9. Click close

Other Options within Azure Portal

Follow Microsoft Azure documentation and enable multi-factor authentication in your
environment.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-enable-
azure-mfa
Enabling and configuring MFA with conditional access policy is a multi-step process.
Here are some additional resources on the process within Azure AD to enable multi-
factor authentication for users within your subscriptions with conditional access policy.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/howto-
conditional-access-policy-admin-mfa
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-
getstarted#enable-multi-factor-authentication-with-conditional-access
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-
mfasettings
Default Value:
By default, multi-factor authentication is disabled for all users.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/multi-factor-authentication/multi-factor-
authentication
2. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41156206/azure-active-directory-premium-
mfa-attributes-via-graph-api
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-use-strong-authentication-controls-for-all-azure-
active-directory-based-access

Page 24
Additional Information:
Please note that at the time of writing, there is no API, Azure CLI or Powershell
mechanism available to programmatically conduct security assessment or remediation
for this recommendation. The only option is MSOL.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

6.5 Require MFA for Administrative Access

v8 Require MFA for all administrative access accounts, where supported, on all ● ● ●
enterprise assets, whether managed on-site or through a third-party provider.

4.5 Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative

v7 Access
Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative
● ●
account access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 25
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
Non-Privileged Users (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable multi-factor authentication for all non-privileged users.
Rationale:
Multi-factor authentication requires an individual to present a minimum of two separate
forms of authentication before access is granted. Multi-factor authentication provides
additional assurance that the individual attempting to gain access is who they claim to
be. With multi-factor authentication, an attacker would need to compromise at least two
different authentication mechanisms, increasing the difficulty of compromise and thus
reducing the risk.
Impact:
Users would require two forms of authentication before any access is granted. Also, this
requires an overhead for managing dual forms of authentication.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select the Azure Active Directory blade
3. Then Users
4. Select All Users
5. Click on Per-User MFA button on the top bar
6. Ensure that for all users MULTI-FACTOR AUTH STATUS is Enabled

From REST API

For Every Subscription, For Every Tenant
Step 1: Identify Users with non-administrative Access

1. List All Users Using Microsoft Graph API:

GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users
Capture id and corresponding userPrincipalName ($uid, $userPrincipalName)

Page 26
 2. List all Role Definitions Using Azure management API:

https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/providers/Microso
ft.Authorization/roleDefinitions?api-version=2017-05-01
Capture Role Definition IDs/Name ($name) and role names ($properties/roleName)
where "properties/roleName" does NOT contain (Owner or *contributor or admin )

3. List All Role Assignments (Mappings $A.uid to $B.name) Using Azure

Management API:

GET
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/providers/Microso
ft.Authorization/roleassignments?api-version=2017-10-01-preview
Find all non-administrative roles ($B.name) in "Properties/roleDefinationId" mapped
with user ids ($A.id) in "Properties/principalId" where "Properties/principalType"
== "User"
D> Now Match ($CProperties/principalId) with $A.uid and get $A.userPrincipalName
save this as D.userPrincipleName
Step 2: Run MSOL PowerShell command:
Get-MsolUser -All | where {$_.StrongAuthenticationMethods.Count -eq 0} |
Select-Object -Property UserPrincipalName
If the output contains any of the $D.userPrincipleName, then this recommendation is
non-compliant.
Remediation:
Follow Microsoft Azure documentation and enable multi-factor authentication in your
environment.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-enable-
azure-mfa
Enabling and configuring MFA is a multi-step process. Here are some additional
resources on the process within Azure AD:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/howto-
conditional-access-policy-admin-mfa
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-
getstarted#enable-multi-factor-authentication-with-conditional-access
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-
mfasettings
Default Value:
By default, multi-factor authentication is disabled for all users.

Page 27
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/multi-factor-authentication/multi-factor-
authentication
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
mfa-userstates
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-use-strong-authentication-controls-for-all-azure-
active-directory-based-access

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 28
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Do not allow users to remember multi-factor authentication on devices.
Rationale:
Remembering Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for devices and browsers allows users
to have the option to bypass MFA for a set number of days after performing a
successful sign-in using MFA. This can enhance usability by minimizing the number of
times a user may need to perform two-step verification on the same device. However, if
an account or device is compromised, remembering MFA for trusted devices may affect
security. Hence, it is recommended that users not be allowed to bypass MFA.
Impact:
For every login attempt, the user will be required to perform multi-factor authentication.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Click the Per-user MFA button on the top bar
5. Click on service settings
6. Ensure that Allow users to remember multi-factor authentication on
devices they trust is not enabled

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Click the Per-user MFA button on the top bar
5. Click on service settings
6. Uncheck the box next to Allow users to remember multi-factor
authentication on devices they trust

Page 29
Default Value:
By default, Allow users to remember multi-factor authentication on devices they
trust is disabled.

References:

1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
mfa-mfasettings#remember-multi-factor-authentication-for-devices-that-users-
trust
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-use-strong-authentication-controls-for-all-azure-
active-directory-based-access
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-6-use-strong-authentication-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 30
1.2 Conditional Access

For most Azure tenants, and certainly for organizations with a significant use of Azure
Active Directory, Conditional Access policies are recommended and preferred. To use
conditional access policies, a licensing plan is required, and Security Defaults must be
disabled.
Conditional Access requires one of the following plans:

• Azure Active Directory Premium P1 or P2

• Microsoft 365 Business Premium
• Microsoft 365 E3 or E5
• Microsoft 365 F1, F3, F5 Security and F5 Security + Compliance
• Enterprise Mobility & Security E3 or E5

Page 31
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Azure Active Directory Conditional Access allows an organization to configure Named
locations and configure whether those locations are trusted or untrusted. These
settings provide organizations the means to specify Geographical locations for use in
conditional access policies, or define actual IP addresses and IP ranges and whether or
not those IP addresses and/or ranges are trusted by the organization.
Rationale:
Defining trusted source IP addresses or ranges helps organizations create and enforce
Conditional Access policies around those trusted or untrusted IP addresses and ranges.
Users authenticating from trusted IP addresses and/or ranges may have less access
restrictions or access requirements when compared to users that try to authenticate to
Azure Active Directory from untrusted locations or untrusted source IP
addresses/ranges.
Impact:
When configuring Named locations, the organization can create locations using
Geographical location data or by defining source IP addresses or ranges. Configuring
Named locations using a Country location does not provide the organization the ability
to mark those locations as trusted, and any Conditional Access policy relying on those
Countries location setting will not be able to use the All trusted locations setting
within the Conditional Access policy. They instead will have to rely on the Select
locations setting. This may add additional resource requirements when configuring,
and will require thorough organizational testing.
In general, Conditional Access policies may completely prevent users from
authenticating to Azure Active Directory, and thorough testing is recommended. To
avoid complete lockout, a 'Break Glass' account with full Global Administrator rights is
recommended in the event all other administrators are locked out of authenticating to
Azure Active Directory. This 'Break Glass' account should be excluded from Conditional
Access Policies and should be configured with the longest pass phrase feasible. This
account should only be used in the event of an emergency and complete administrator
lockout.

Page 32
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. In the Azure Portal, navigate to Azure AD Conditional Access

2. Click on Security
3. Click on Named Locations

Ensure there are IP ranges location settings configured and marked as Trusted
From PowerShell
Get-AzureADMSNamedLocationPolicy
In the output from the above command, for each Named location group, make sure at
least one entry contains the IsTrusted parameter with a value of True. Otherwise, if
there is no output as a result of the above command or all of the entries contain the
IsTrusted parameter with an empty value, a NULL value, or a value of False, the results
are out of compliance with this check.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Azure AD Conditional Access Blade

2. Click on the Named locations blade
3. Within the Named locations blade, click on IP ranges location
4. Enter a name for this location setting in the Name text box
5. Click on the + sign
6. Add an IP Address Range in CIDR notation inside the text box that appears
7. Click on the Add button
8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 for each IP Range that needs to be added
9. If the information entered are trusted ranges, select the Mark as trusted
location check box
10. Once finished, click on Create

From PowerShell
Create a new trusted IP-based Named location policy
[System.Collections.Generic.List`1[Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.IpRange]]$ipR
anges = @()
$ipRanges.Add("<first IP range in CIDR notation>")
$ipRanges.Add("<second IP range in CIDR notation>")
$ipRanges.Add("<third IP range in CIDR notation>")
New-AzureADMSNamedLocationPolicy -OdataType
"#microsoft.graph.ipNamedLocation" -DisplayName "<name of IP Named location
policy> -IsTrusted $true -IpRanges $ipRanges

Page 33
Set an existing IP-based Named location policy to trusted
Set-AzureADMSNamedLocationPolicy -PolicyId "<ID of the policy>" -OdataType
"#microsoft.graph.ipNamedLocation" -IsTrusted $true

Default Value:
By default, no locations are configured under the Named locations blade within the
Azure AD Conditional Access blade.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/location-condition
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

11.1 Maintain Standard Security Configurations for

v7 Network Devices
Maintain standard, documented security configuration standards for all
● ●
authorized network devices.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098.001 TA0001 M1030

Page 34
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
considered (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
CAUTION: If these policies are created without first auditing and testing the result,
misconfiguration can potentially lock out administrators or create undesired access
issues.
Conditional Access Policies can be used to block access from geographic locations that
are deemed out-of-scope for your organization or application. The scope and variables
for this policy should be carefully examined and defined.
Rationale:
Conditional Access, when used as a deny list for the tenant or subscription, is able to
prevent ingress or egress of traffic to countries that are outside of the scope of interest
(e.g.: customers, suppliers) or jurisdiction of an organization. This is an effective way to
prevent unnecessary and long-lasting exposure to international threats such as APTs.
Impact:
Azure AD Premium is required. Limiting access geographically will deny access to users
that are traveling or working remotely in a different part of the world. A point-to-site or
site to site tunnel such as a VPN is recommended to address exceptions to geographic
access policies.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Scroll down in the menu on the left, and select Security.
3. Select on the left side Conditional Access.
4. Select the policy you wish to audit, then:
o Under Assignments, Review the Users and Groups for the personnel the
policy will apply to
o Under Assignments, Review the Cloud apps or actions for the systems
the policy will apply to
o Under Conditions, Review the Include locations for those that should be
blocked

Page 35
 o Under Conditions, Review the Exclude locations for those that should be
allowed (Note: locations set up in the previous recommendation for
Trusted Location should be in the Exclude list.)
o Under Access Controls > Grant - Confirm that Block Access is selected.

From Azure CLI

As of this writing there are no subcommands for Conditional Access Policies
within the Azure CLI
From PowerShell
$conditionalAccessPolicies = Get-AzureADMSConditionalAccessPolicy

foreach($policy in $conditionalAccessPolicies) {$policy | Select-Object

@{N='Policy ID'; E={$policy.id}}, @{N="Included Locations";
E={$policy.Conditions.Locations.IncludeLocations}}, @{N="Excluded Locations";
E={$policy.Conditions.Locations.ExcludeLocations}}, @{N="BuiltIn
GrantControls"; E={$policy.GrantControls.BuiltInControls}}}
Make sure there is at least 1 row in the output of the above PowerShell command that
contains Block under the BuiltIn GrantControls column and location IDs under the
Included Locations and Excluded Locations columns. If not, a policy containing these
options has not been created and is considered a finding.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal
Part 1 of 2 - Create the policy and enable it in Report-only mode.

1. From Azure Home open the portal menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Scroll down in the menu on the left, and select Security.
3. Select on the left side Conditional Access.
4. Click the + New policy button, then:
5. Provide a name for the policy.
6. Under Assignments, select Users or workload identities then:
o Under Include, select All users
o Under Exclude, check Users and groups and only select emergency
access accounts and service accounts (NOTE: Service accounts are
excluded here because service accounts are non-interactive and cannot
complete MFA)
7. Under Assignments, select Cloud apps or actions then:
o Under Include, select All cloud apps
o Leave Exclude blank unless you have a well defined exception
8. Under Conditions, select Locations then:
o Select Include, then add entries for locations for those that should be
blocked
o Select Exclude, then add entries for those that should be allowed
(IMPORTANT: Ensure that all Trusted Locations are in the Exclude list.)

Page 36
 9. Under Access Controls, select Grant and Confirm that Block Access is selected.
10. Set Enable policy to Report-only.
11. Click Create.

NOTE: The policy is not yet 'live,' since Report-only is being used to audit the effect of
the policy.
Part 2 of 2 - Confirm that the policy is not blocking access that should be granted, then
toggle to On.

1. With your policy now in report-only mode, return to the Azure Active Directory
blade and click on Sign-in logs.
2. Review the recent sign-in events - click an event then review the event details
(specifically the Report-only tab) to ensure:
o The sign-in event you're reviewing occurred after turning on the policy in
report-only mode
o The policy name from step 5 above is listed in the Policy Name column
o The Result column for the new policy shows that the policy was Not
applied (indicating the location origin was not blocked)
3. If the above conditions are present, navigate back to the policy name in
Conditional Access and open it.
4. Toggle the policy from Report-only to On.
5. Click Save.

Page 37
From PowerShell
First, set up the conditions objects values before updating an existing conditional
access policy or before creating a new one. You may need to use additional PowerShell
cmdlets to retrieve specific IDs such as the Get-AzureADMSNamedLocationPolicy which
outputs the Location IDs for use with conditional access policies.
$conditions = New-Object -TypeName
Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.ConditionalAccessConditionSet

$conditions.Applications = New-Object -TypeName

Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.ConditionalAccessApplicationCondition
$conditions.Applications.IncludeApplications = <"All" | "Office365" | "app
ID" | @("app ID 1", "app ID 2", etc...>
$conditions.Applications.ExcludeApplications = <"Office365" | "app ID" |
@("app ID 1", "app ID 2", etc...)>

$conditions.Users = New-Object -TypeName

Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.ConditionalAccessUserCondition
$conditions.Users.IncludeUsers = <"All" | "None" | "GuestsOrExternalUsers" |
"Specific User ID" | @("User ID 1", "User ID 2", etc.)>
$conditions.Users.ExcludeUsers = <"GuestsOrExternalUsers" | "Specific User
ID" | @("User ID 1", "User ID 2", etc.)>
$conditions.Users.IncludeGroups = <"group ID" | "All" | @("Group ID 1",
"Group ID 2", etc...)>
$conditions.Users.ExcludeGroups = <"group ID" | @("Group ID 1", "Group ID 2",
etc...)>
$conditions.Users.IncludeRoles = <"Role ID" | "All" | @("Role ID 1", "Role ID
2", etc...)>
$conditions.Users.ExcludeRoles = <"Role ID" | @("Role ID 1", "Role ID 2",
etc...)>

$conditions.Locations = New-Object -TypeName

Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.ConditionalAccessLocationCondition
$conditions.Locations.IncludeLocations = <"Location ID" | @("Location ID 1",
"Location ID 2", etc...) >
$conditions.Locations.ExcludeLocations = <"AllTrusted" | "Location ID" |
@("Location ID 1", "Location ID 2", etc...)>

$controls = New-Object -TypeName

Microsoft.Open.MSGraph.Model.ConditionalAccessGrantControls
$controls._Operator = "OR"
$controls.BuiltInControls = "block"
Next, update the existing conditional access policy with the condition set options
configured with the previous commands.
Set-AzureADMSConditionalAccessPolicy -PolicyId <policy ID> -Conditions
$conditions -GrantControls $controls
To create a new conditional access policy that complies with this best practice, run the
following commands after creating the condition set above
New-AzureADMSConditionalAccessPolicy -Name "Policy Name" -State
<enabled|disabled> -Conditions $conditions -GrantControls $controls

Page 38
Default Value:
This policy does not exist by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-policy-location
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/concept-conditional-access-report-only
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions

Additional Information:
These policies should be tested by using the What If tool in the References. Setting
these can and will create issues with logging in for users until they use an MFA device
linked to their accounts. Further testing can also be done via the insights and reporting
resource in References which monitors Azure sign ins.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory ● ●
service or SSO provider, where supported.

12.1 Maintain an Inventory of Network Boundaries

v7 Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all of the organization's network ● ● ●
boundaries.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098.001 TA0001 M1030

Page 39
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
Administrative Groups (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For designated users, they will be prompted to use their multi-factor authentication
(MFA) process on login.
Rationale:
Enabling multi-factor authentication is a recommended setting to limit the use of
Administrative accounts to authenticated personnel.
Impact:
There is an increased cost, as Conditional Access policies require Azure AD Premium.
Similarly, MFA may require additional overhead to maintain. There is also a potential
scenario in which the multi-factor authentication method can be lost, and administrative
users are no longer able to log in. For this scenario, there should be an emergency
access account. Please see References for creating this.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Select Security.
3. Select Conditional Access.
4. Select the policy you wish to audit.
5. View under Users and Groups the corresponding users and groups to whom the
policy is applied. Be certain the emergency access account is not in the list.
6. View under Exclude to determine which Users and groups to whom the policy is
not applied.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Select Security.
3. Select Conditional Access.
4. Click + New policy.

Page 40
 5. Enter a name for the policy.
6. Select Users or workload identities.
7. Check Users and groups.
8. Select administrative groups this policy should apply to and click Select.
9. Under Exclude, check Users and groups.
10. Select users this policy not should apply to and click Select.
11. Select Cloud apps or actions.
12. Select All cloud apps.
13. Select Grant.
14. Under Grant access, check Require multifactor authentication and click
Select.
15. Set Enable policy to Report-only.
16. Click Create.

After testing the policy in report-only mode, update the Enable policy setting from
Report-only to On.

Default Value:
By default, MFA is not enabled for any administrative accounts.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-policy-admin-mfa
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/roles/security-
emergency-access
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/troubleshoot-conditional-access-what-if
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-insights-reporting
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/plan-
conditional-access
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions

Additional Information:
These policies should be tested by using the What If tool in the References. Setting
these can and will create issues with logging in for users until they use an MFA device
linked to their accounts. Further testing can also be done via the insights and reporting
resource in References which monitors Azure sign ins.

Page 41
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

6.5 Require MFA for Administrative Access

v8 Require MFA for all administrative access accounts, where supported, on all ● ● ●
enterprise assets, whether managed on-site or through a third-party provider.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

4.5 Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative

v7 Access
Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative
● ●
account access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 42
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for All
Users (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For designated users, they will be prompted to use their multi-factor authentication
(MFA) process on logins.
Rationale:
Enabling multi-factor authentication is a recommended setting to limit the potential of
accounts being compromised and limiting access to authenticated personnel.
Impact:
There is an increased cost, as Conditional Access policies require Azure AD Premium.
Similarly, this may require additional overhead to maintain if users lose access to their
MFA.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Scroll down in the menu on the left, and select Security.
3. Select on the left side Conditional Access.
4. Select the policy you wish to audit.
5. View under Users and Groups the corresponding users and groups to whom the
policy is applied.
6. View under Exclude to determine which users and groups to whom the policy is
not applied.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open Portal menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Select Security.
3. Select Conditional Access.
4. Click + New policy.
5. Enter a name for the policy.
6. Select Users or workload identities.

Page 43
 7. Under Include, select All users.
8. Under Exclude, check Users and groups.
9. Select users this policy should not apply to and click Select.
10. Select Cloud apps or actions.
11. Select All cloud apps.
12. Select Grant.
13. Under Grant access, check Require multifactor authentication and click
Select.
14. Set Enable policy to Report-only.
15. Click Create.

After testing the policy in report-only mode, update the Enable policy setting from
Report-only to On.

Default Value:
MFA is not enabled by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-policy-all-users-mfa
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/troubleshoot-conditional-access-what-if
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-insights-reporting
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions

Additional Information:
These policies should be tested by using the What If tool in the References. Setting
these can and will create issues with logging in for users until they use an MFA device
linked to their accounts. Further testing can also be done via the insights and reporting
resource the in References which monitors Azure sign ins.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

Page 44
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 45
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
Sign-ins (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For designated users, they will be prompted to use their multi-factor authentication
(MFA) process on login.
Rationale:
Enabling multi-factor authentication is a recommended setting to limit the potential of
accounts being compromised and limiting access to authenticated personnel.
Impact:
There is an increased cost, as Conditional Access policies require Azure AD Premium.
Similarly, they may require additional overhead to maintain if users lose access to their
MFA.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu and select Security.
2. Select on the left side Conditional Access.
3. Select the policy you wish to audit.
4. View under Users and Groups the corresponding users and groups to whom the
policy is applied.
5. View under Exclude to determine which users and groups to whom the policy is
not applied.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu in the top left, and select Azure Active
Directory.
2. Select Security
3. Select Conditional Access.
4. Click + New policy.
5. Enter a name for the policy.
6. Select Users or workload identities.
7. Under Include, select All users.
8. Under Exclude, check Users and groups.

Page 46
 9. Select users this policy should not apply to and click Select.
10. Select Cloud apps or actions.
11. Select All cloud apps.
12. Select Conditions.
13. Select Sign-in risk.
14. Update the Configure toggle to Yes.
15. Check the sign-in risk level this policy should apply to, e.g. High and Medium.
16. Select Done.
17. Select Grant.
18. Under Grant access, check Require multifactor authentication and click
Select.
19. Set Enable policy to Report-only.
20. Click Create.

After testing the policy in report-only mode, update the Enable policy setting from
Report-only to On.

Default Value:
MFA is not enabled by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-policy-risk
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/troubleshoot-conditional-access-what-if
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/howto-conditional-access-insights-reporting
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions

Additional Information:
These policies should be tested by using the What If tool in the References. Setting
these can and will create issues with logging in for users until they use an MFA device
linked to their accounts. Further testing can also be done via the insights and reporting
resource the in References which monitors Azure sign ins.

Page 47
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 48
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
Management (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For designated users, they will be prompted to use their multi-factor authentication
(MFA) process on logins.
Rationale:
Enabling multi-factor authentication is a recommended setting to limit the use of
Administrative actions and to prevent intruders from changing settings.
Impact:
There is an increased cost, as Conditional Access policies require Azure AD Premium.
Similarly, they may require additional overhead to maintain if users lose access to their
MFA.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu and select Azure Active Directory.
2. Scroll down in the menu on the left, and select Security.
3. Select on the left side Conditional Access.
4. Select the policy you wish to audit.
5. View under Users and Groups the corresponding users and groups to whom the
policy is applied.
6. View under Exclude to determine which Users and groups to whom the policy is
not applied.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu and select Azure Active Directory.
2. Select Security.
3. Select Conditional Access.
4. Click + New policy.
5. Enter a name for the policy.
6. Select Users or workload identities.
7. Under Include, select All users.
8. Under Exclude, check Users and groups.

Page 49
 9. Select users this policy should not apply to and click Select.
10. Select Cloud apps or actions.
11. Select Select apps.
12. Check the box next to Microsoft Azure Management and click Select.
13. Select Grant.
14. Under Grant access, check Require multifactor authentication and click
Select.
15. Set Enable policy to Report-only.
16. Click Create.

After testing the policy in report-only mode, update the Enable policy setting from
Report-only to On.

Default Value:
MFA is not enabled by default for administrative actions.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-7-restrict-resource-access-based-on--conditions
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-
access/concept-conditional-access-users-groups

Additional Information:
These policies should be tested by using the What If tool in the References. Setting
these can and will create issues with administrators changing settings until they use an
MFA device linked to their accounts. An emergency access account is recommended
for this eventuality if all administrators are locked out. Please see the documentation in
the references for further information. Similarly further testing can also be done via the
insights and reporting resource in References which monitors Azure sign ins.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

Page 50
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.5 Require MFA for Administrative Access

v8 Require MFA for all administrative access accounts, where supported, on all ● ● ●
enterprise assets, whether managed on-site or through a third-party provider.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

4.5 Use Multifactor Authentication For All Administrative

v7 Access
Use multi-factor authentication and encrypted channels for all administrative
● ●
account access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1032

Page 51
1.3 Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set to 'No'
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Require administrators or appropriately delegated users to create new tenants.
Rationale:
It is recommended to only allow an administrator to create new tenants. This prevent
users from creating new Azure AD or Azure AD B2C tenants and ensures that only
authorized users are able to do so.
Impact:
Enforcing this setting will ensure that only authorized users are able to create new
tenants.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select User settings
5. Ensure that Users can create Azure AD Tenants is set to No

Please note that at this point of time, there is no Azure CLI or other API commands
available to programmatically conduct security assessment for this recommendation.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select User settings
5. Set Users can create Azure AD Tenants to No

Page 52
References:

1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/users-
default-permissions
2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/roles/permissions-
reference#tenant-creator

Page 53
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in Azure
AD Privileged Identity Management (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
This recommendation extends guest access review by utilizing the Azure AD Privileged
Identity Management feature provided in Azure AD Premium P2.
Azure AD is extended to include Azure AD B2B collaboration, allowing you to invite
people from outside your organization to be guest users in your cloud account and sign
in with their own work, school, or social identities. Guest users allow you to share your
company's applications and services with users from any other organization, while
maintaining control over your own corporate data.
Work with external partners, large or small, even if they don't have Azure AD or an IT
department. A simple invitation and redemption process lets partners use their own
credentials to access your company's resources a a guest user.
Rationale:
Guest users in the Azure AD are generally required for collaboration purposes in Office
365, and may also be required for Azure functions in enterprises with multiple Azure
tenants. Guest users should be reviewed on a regular basis, at least annually. Guest
users should not be granted administrative roles where possible.
Guest users are typically added outside your employee on-boarding/off-boarding
process and could potentially be overlooked indefinitely, leading to a potential
vulnerability.
Guest users should be reviewed on a monthly basis to ensure that inactive and
unneeded accounts are removed.
Impact:
Until you have a business need to provide guest access to any user, avoid creating
guest users. If guest accounts are being used, they should be removed when no longer
required.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From the Azure Portal home page click the portal menu in the top left.
2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users in the left column under the Manage heading.
4. Next to the search box select the filter option.

Page 54
 5. Search for and select User Type
6. In the third drop down Value select Guest.
7. Review the guest users in your Active Directory.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az ad user list -Filter "UserType eq 'Guest'"
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzureADUser -Filter "UserType eq 'Guest'"

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From the Azure Portal home page click the portal menu in the top left.
2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users in the left column under the Manage heading.
4. Next to the search box select the filter option.
5. Search for and select User Type
6. In the third drop down Value select Guest.
7. Review the guest users in your Active Directory.
8. For those you wish to delete, select the checkbox on the left then the Delete
option in the top row.

From Azure CLI

With the information from the audit procedure, to remove a Guest user run the following
command with their User Principal Value.
Remove-AzureADUser -ObjectId "<[email protected]"
From PowerShell
With the information from the audit procedure, to remove a Guest user run the following
command with their User Principal Value.
Remove-AzureADUser -ObjectId "<[email protected]>"

Default Value:
By default no guest users are created.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/b2b/user-properties
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-users-
azure-active-directory#delete-a-user
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-3-review-and-reconcile-user-access-regularly

Page 55
 4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/governance/manage-
guest-access-with-access-reviews
5. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/business/identity-access-
management/azure-ad-pricing

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.1 Establish and Maintain an Inventory of Accounts

Establish and maintain an inventory of all accounts managed in the enterprise.
v8 The inventory must include both user and administrator accounts. The inventory, at
a minimum, should contain the person’s name, username, start/stop dates, and
● ● ●
department. Validate that all active accounts are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum quarterly, or more frequently.

5.3 Disable Dormant Accounts

v8 Delete or disable any dormant accounts after a period of 45 days of inactivity, ● ● ●
where supported.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

v7 16.6 Maintain an Inventory of Accounts ● ●

Maintain an inventory of all accounts organized by authentication system.

16.8 Disable Any Unassociated Accounts

v7 Disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process or ● ● ●
business owner.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1026

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1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Azure AD is extended to include Azure AD B2B collaboration, allowing you to invite
people from outside your organization to be guest users in your cloud account and sign
in with their own work, school, or social identities. Guest users allow you to share your
company's applications and services with users from any other organization, while
maintaining control over your own corporate data.
Work with external partners, large or small, even if they don't have Azure AD or an IT
department. A simple invitation and redemption process lets partners use their own
credentials to access your company's resources as a guest user.
Guest users in every subscription should be review on a regular basis to ensure that
inactive and unneeded accounts are removed.
Rationale:
Guest users in the Azure AD are generally required for collaboration purposes in Office
365, and may also be required for Azure functions in enterprises with multiple Azure
tenants. Guest users are typically added outside your employee on-boarding/off-
boarding process and could potentially be overlooked indefinitely, leading to a potential
vulnerability. To prevent this, guest users should be reviewed on a regular basis. During
this audit, guest users should also be determined to not have administrative privileges.
Impact:
Before removing guest users, determine their use and scope. Like removing any user,
there may be unforeseen consequences to systems if it is deleted.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Click on Add filter
5. Select User type
6. Select Guest from the Value dropdown
7. Click Apply
8. Audit the listed guest users

Page 57
From Azure CLI
az ad user list --query "[?userType=='Guest']"
Ensure all users listed are still required and not inactive.
From Azure PowerShell
Get-AzureADUser |Where-Object {$_.UserType -like "Guest"} |Select-Object
DisplayName, UserPrincipalName, UserType -Unique

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Click on Add filter
5. Select User type
6. Select Guest from the Value dropdown
7. Click Apply
8. Delete all Guest users that are no longer required or are inactive

From Azure CLI

Before deleting the user, set it to inactive using the ID from the Audit Procedure to
determine if there are any dependent systems.
az ad user update --id <[email protected]> --account-enabled
{false}
After determining that there are no dependent systems delete the user.
Remove-AzureADUser -ObjectId <[email protected]>
From Azure PowerShell
Before deleting the user, set it to inactive using the ID from the Audit Procedure to
determine if there are any dependent systems.
Set-AzureADUser -ObjectId "<[email protected]>" -AccountEnabled
false
After determining that there are no dependent systems delete the user.
PS C:\>Remove-AzureADUser -ObjectId <[email protected]>

Default Value:
By default no guest users are created.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/b2b/user-properties
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/add-users-
azure-active-directory#delete-a-user

Page 58
 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-3-review-and-reconcile-user-access-regularly
4. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/business/identity-access-
management/azure-ad-pricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/reports-monitoring/howto-
manage-inactive-user-accounts
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/active-
directory-users-restore

Additional Information:
It is good practice to use a dynamic security group to manage guest users.
To create the dynamic security group:

1. Navigate to the 'Active Directory' blade in the Azure Portal

2. Select the 'Groups' item
3. Create new
4. Type of 'dynamic'
5. Use the following dynamic selection rule. "(user.userType -eq "Guest")"
6. Once the group has been created, select access reviews option and create a
new access review with a period of monthly and send to relevant administrators
for review.

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.1 Establish and Maintain an Inventory of Accounts

Establish and maintain an inventory of all accounts managed in the enterprise.
v8 The inventory must include both user and administrator accounts. The inventory, at
a minimum, should contain the person’s name, username, start/stop dates, and
● ● ●
department. Validate that all active accounts are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum quarterly, or more frequently.

5.3 Disable Dormant Accounts

v8 Delete or disable any dormant accounts after a period of 45 days of inactivity, ● ● ●
where supported.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

Page 59
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

v7 16.6 Maintain an Inventory of Accounts ● ●

Maintain an inventory of all accounts organized by authentication system.

16.8 Disable Any Unassociated Accounts

v7 Disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process or ● ● ●
business owner.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1018

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1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set to '2'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensures that two alternate forms of identification are provided before allowing a
password reset.
Rationale:
A Self-service Password Reset (SSPR) through Azure Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)
ensures the user's identity is confirmed using two separate methods of identification.
With multiple methods set, an attacker would have to compromise both methods before
they could maliciously reset a user's password.
Impact:
There may be administrative overhead, as users who lose access to their secondary
authentication methods will need an administrator with permissions to remove it. There
will also need to be organization-wide security policies and training to teach
administrators to verify the identity of the requesting user so that social engineering can
not render this setting useless.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Then Authentication methods
6. Ensure that Number of methods required to reset is set to 2

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Then Authentication methods
6. Set the Number of methods required to reset to 2

Page 61
Default Value:
By default, the Number of methods required to reset is set to "2".

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-
enable-sspr
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-
registration-mfa-sspr-combined
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-use-strong-authentication-controls-for-all-azure-
active-directory-based-access
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
passwords-faq#password-reset-registration
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
sspr-deployment
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-
authentication-methods

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1032

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1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to 'Enforce' for
your Organization (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Microsoft Azure provides a Global Banned Password policy that applies to Azure
administrative and normal user accounts. This is not applied to user accounts that are
synced from an on-premise Active Directory unless Azure AD Connect is used and you
enable EnforceCloudPasswordPolicyForPasswordSyncedUsers. Please see the list in
default values on the specifics of this policy. To further password security, it is
recommended to further define a custom banned password policy.
Rationale:
Enabling this gives your organization further customization on what secure passwords
are allowed. Setting a bad password list enables your organization to fine-tune its
password policy further, depending on your needs. Removing easy-to-guess passwords
increases the security of access to your Azure resources.
Impact:
Increasing needed password complexity might increase overhead on administration of
user accounts. Licensing requirement for Global Banned Password List and Custom
Banned Password list requires Azure AD Premium P1 or P2. On-premises Active
Directory Domain Services users that are not synchronized to Azure AD also benefit
from Azure AD Password Protection based on existing licensing for synchronized users.

Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active directory.
3. Select 'Security'.
4. Under Manage, select Authentication Methods.
5. Select Password Protection.
6. Ensure Enforce custom list is set to Yes.
7. Scroll through the list to view the enforced passwords.

Page 63
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Security.
4. Under Manage, select Authentication Methods.
5. Select Password Protection.
6. Set the Enforce custom list option to Yes.
7. Double click the custom banned password list to add a string.

Default Value:
By default the custom bad password list is not 'Enabled'. Organizational-specific terms
can be added to the custom banned password list, such as the following examples:

• Brand names
• Product names
• Locations, such as company headquarters
• Company-specific internal terms
• Abbreviations that have specific company meaning
• Months and weekdays with your company's local languages

The default Azure bad password policy is already applied to your resources which
applies the following basic requirements:
Characters allowed:

• Uppercase characters (A - Z)
• Lowercase characters (a - z)
• Numbers (0 - 9)
• Symbols:
• @#$%^&*-_!+=[]{}|\:',.?/`~"();<>
• blank space

Characters not allowed:

• Unicode characters
• Password length Passwords require
• A minimum of eight characters
• A maximum of 256 characters

Page 64
Password complexity: Passwords require three out of four of the following categories:

• Uppercase characters
• Lowercase characters
• Numbers
• Symbols Note: Password complexity check isn't required for Education tenants.

Password not recently used:

• When a user changes or resets their password, the new password can't be the
same as the current or recently used passwords.
• Password isn't banned by Azure AD Password Protection.
• The password can't be on the global list of banned passwords for Azure AD
Password Protection, or on the customizable list of banned passwords specific to
your organization.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-
password-ban-bad-combined-policy
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-
password-ban-bad
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/Azuread/
4. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/password-guidance/
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-
configure-custom-password-protection
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-6-use-strong-authentication-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.2 Use Unique Passwords

v8 Use unique passwords for all enterprise assets. Best practice implementation
includes, at a minimum, an 8-character password for accounts using MFA and a
● ● ●
14-character password for accounts not using MFA.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

4.4 Use Unique Passwords

v7 Where multi-factor authentication is not supported (such as local administrator,
root, or service accounts), accounts will use passwords that are unique to that
● ●
system.

Page 65
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1027

Page 66
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to re-
confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that the number of days before users are asked to re-confirm their
authentication information is not set to 0.
Rationale:
This setting is necessary if you have setup 'Require users to register when signing in
option'. If authentication re-confirmation is disabled, registered users will never be
prompted to re-confirm their existing authentication information. If the authentication
information for a user changes, such as a phone number or email, then the password
reset information for that user reverts to the previously registered authentication
information.
Impact:
Users will be prompted for their multifactor authentication at the duration set here.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Then Registration
6. Ensure that Number of days before users are asked to re-confirm their
authentication information is not set to 0

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Then Registration
6. Set the Number of days before users are asked to re-confirm their
authentication information to your organization-defined frequency.

Page 67
Default Value:
By default, the Number of days before users are asked to re-confirm their
authentication information is set to "180 days".

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
passwords-how-it-works#registration
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
sspr-deployment
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/concept-
authentication-methods

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.10 Ensure All Accounts Have An Expiration Date

v7 Ensure that all accounts have an expiration date that is monitored and ● ●
enforced.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1027

Page 68
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to 'Yes'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that users are notified on their primary and secondary emails on password
resets.
Rationale:
User notification on password reset is a proactive way of confirming password reset
activity. It helps the user to recognize unauthorized password reset activities.
Impact:
Users will receive emails alerting them to password changes to both their primary and
secondary emails.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Go to Password reset
5. Under Manage, select Notifications
6. Ensure that Notify users on password resets? is set to Yes

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Under Manage, select Notifications
6. Set Notify users on password resets? to Yes

Default Value:
By default, Notify users on password resets? is set to "Yes".

Page 69
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-
enable-sspr#set-up-notifications-and-customizations
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
passwords-how-it-works#notifications
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
sspr-deployment
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

16.2 Configure Centralized Point of Authentication

v7 Configure access for all accounts through as few centralized points of ● ●
authentication as possible, including network, security, and cloud systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1027

Page 70
1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset their
password?' is set to 'Yes' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that all Global Administrators are notified if any other administrator resets their
password.
Rationale:
Global Administrator accounts are sensitive. Any password reset activity notification,
when sent to all Global Administrators, ensures that all Global administrators can
passively confirm if such a reset is a common pattern within their group. For example, if
all Global Administrators change their password every 30 days, any password reset
activity before that may require administrator(s) to evaluate any unusual activity and
confirm its origin.
Impact:
All Global Administrators will receive a notification from Azure every time a password is
reset. This is useful for auditing procedures to confirm that there are no out of the
ordinary password resets for Global Administrators. There is additional overhead,
however, in the time required for Global Administrators to audit the notifications. This
setting is only useful if all Global Administrators pay attention to the notifications, and
audit each one.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Under Manage, select Notifications
6. Ensure that notify all admins when other admins reset their password? is
set to Yes

Page 71
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select Password reset
5. Under Manage, select Notifications
6. Set Notify all admins when other admins reset their password? to Yes

Default Value:
By default, Notify all admins when other admins reset their password? is set to
"No".
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
passwords-how-it-works#notifications
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/howto-
sspr-deployment
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/authentication/tutorial-
enable-sspr#set-up-notifications-and-customizations

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.4 Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated

Administrator Accounts
v8 Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on
enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet
● ● ●
browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged
account.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

Page 72
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.8 Log and Alert on Changes to Administrative Group

v7 Membership
Configure systems to issue a log entry and alert when an account is added to
● ●
or removed from any group assigned administrative privileges.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1026

Page 73
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not allow
user consent` (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Require administrators to provide consent for applications before use.
Rationale:
If Azure Active Directory is running as an identity provider for third-party applications,
permissions and consent should be limited to administrators or pre-approved. Malicious
applications may attempt to exfiltrate data or abuse privileged user accounts.
Impact:
Enforcing this setting may create additional requests that administrators need to review.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Enterprise Applications
4. Select Consent and permissions
5. Select User consent settings
6. Ensure User consent for applications is set to Do not allow user consent

From PowerShell
Connect-MsolService
Get-MsolCompanyInformation | Select-Object
UsersPermissionToUserConsentToAppEnabled
Command should return UsersPermissionToUserConsentToAppEnabled with the value of
False

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Enterprise Applications
4. Select Consent and permissions
5. Select User consent settings

Page 74
 6. Set User consent for applications to Do not allow user consent
7. Click save

Default Value:
By default, Users consent for applications is set to Allow user consent for apps.

References:

1. https://nicksnettravels.builttoroam.com/post/2017/01/24/Admin-Consent-for-
Permissions-in-Azure-Active-Directory.aspx
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/configure-
user-consent#configure-user-consent-to-applications
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.3 Address Unauthorized Software

v8 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise
assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more
● ● ●
frequently.

6.1 Establish an Access Granting Process

v8 Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for granting access to ● ● ●
enterprise assets upon new hire, rights grant, or role change of a user.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

2.6 Address unapproved software

v7 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is ● ● ●
updated in a timely manner

Page 75
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
Verified Publishers’ (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Allow users to provide consent for selected permissions when a request is coming from
a verified publisher.
Rationale:
If Azure Active Directory is running as an identity provider for third-party applications,
permissions and consent should be limited to administrators or pre-approved. Malicious
applications may attempt to exfiltrate data or abuse privileged user accounts.
Impact:
Enforcing this setting may create additional requests that administrators need to review.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Enterprise Applications
4. Select Consent and permissions
5. Select User consent settings
6. Under User consent for applications, ensure Allow user consent for apps
from verified publishers, for selected permissions is selected

From PowerShell
Connect-MsolService
Get-MsolCompanyInformation | Select-Object
UsersPermissionToUserConsentToAppEnabled
Command should return UsersPermissionToUserConsentToAppEnabled with the value of
False

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Enterprise Applications

Page 76
 4. Select Consent and permissions
5. Select User consent settings
6. Under User consent for applications, select Allow user consent for apps
from verified publishers, for selected permissions
7. Select Save

From PowerShell
Connect-MsolService
Set-MsolCompanyInformation --UsersPermissionToUserConsentToAppEnabled $False

Default Value:
By default, User consent for applications is set to Allow user consent for apps.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/configure-
user-consent#configure-user-consent-to-applications
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/set-
msolcompanysettings?view=azureadps-1.0
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-
msolcompanyinformation?view=azureadps-1.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.3 Address Unauthorized Software

v8 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise ● ● ●
assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more frequently.

2.5 Allowlist Authorized Software

v8 Use technical controls, such as application allowlisting, to ensure that only
authorized software can execute or be accessed. Reassess bi-annually, or more
● ●
frequently.

6.1 Establish an Access Granting Process

v8 Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for granting access to ● ● ●
enterprise assets upon new hire, rights grant, or role change of a user.

Page 77
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

2.6 Address unapproved software

v7 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is ● ● ●
updated in a timely manner

2.7 Utilize Application Whitelisting

v7 Utilize application whitelisting technology on all assets to ensure that only
authorized software executes and all unauthorized software is blocked from
●
executing on assets.

Page 78
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is set to
'No' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Require administrators to provide consent for the apps before use.
Rationale:
Unless Azure Active Directory is running as an identity provider for third-party
applications, do not allow users to use their identity outside of your cloud environment.
User profiles contain private information such as phone numbers and email addresses
which could then be sold off to other third parties without requiring any further consent
from the user.
Impact:
Can cause additional requests to administrators that need to be fulfilled quite often.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select User settings
5. Then Manage how end users launch and view their applications, and ensure
that Users can add gallery apps to My Apps is set to No

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select User settings
5. Then Manage how end users launch and view their applications
6. Set Users can add gallery apps to My Apps to No

Default Value:
By default, Users can add gallery apps to My Apps is set to No.

Page 79
References:

1. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/exchangedev/2014/06/05/managing-user-
consent-for-applications-using-office-365-apis/
2. https://nicksnettravels.builttoroam.com/post/2017/01/24/Admin-Consent-for-
Permissions-in-Azure-Active-Directory.aspx
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-1-define-asset-management-and-data-protection-
strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.3 Address Unauthorized Software

v8 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise
assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more
● ● ●
frequently.

2.4 Utilize Automated Software Inventory Tools

v8 Utilize software inventory tools, when possible, throughout the enterprise to ● ●
automate the discovery and documentation of installed software.

2.3 Utilize Software Inventory Tools

v7 Utilize software inventory tools throughout the organization to automate the ● ●
documentation of all software on business systems.

2.6 Address unapproved software

v7 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is ● ● ●
updated in a timely manner

Page 80
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to ‘No’
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Require administrators or appropriately delegated users to register third-party
applications.
Rationale:
It is recommended to only allow an administrator to register custom-developed
applications. This ensures that the application undergoes a formal security review and
approval process prior to exposing Azure Active Directory data. Certain users like
developers or other high-request users may also be delegated permissions to prevent
them from waiting on an administrative user. Your organization should review your
policies and decide your needs.
Impact:
Enforcing this setting will create additional requests for approval that will need to be
addressed by an administrator. If permissions are delegated, a user may approve a
malevolent third party application, potentially giving it access to your data.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select User settings
5. Ensure that Users can register applications is set to No

From PowerShell
Connect-MsolService
Get-MsolCompanyInformation | Select-Object
UsersPermissionToCreateLOBAppsEnabled
Command should return UsersPermissionToCreateLOBAppsEnabled with the value of
False

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

Page 81
 2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Users
4. Select User settings
5. Set Users can register applications to No

From PowerShell
Connect-MsolService
Set-MsolCompanyInformation -UsersPermissionToCreateLOBAppsEnabled $False

Default Value:
By default, Users can register applications is set to "Yes".

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/roles/delegate-app-
roles#restrict-who-can-create-applications
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-
how-applications-are-added#who-has-permission-to-add-applications-to-my-
azure-ad-instance
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-1-define-asset-management-and-data-protection-
strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
6. https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/exchangedev/2014/06/05/managing-user-
consent-for-applications-using-office-365-apis/
7. https://nicksnettravels.builttoroam.com/post/2017/01/24/Admin-Consent-for-
Permissions-in-Azure-Active-Directory.aspx
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/get-
msolcompanyinformation?view=azureadps-1.0
9. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/msonline/set-
msolcompanysettings?view=azureadps-1.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.3 Address Unauthorized Software

v8 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise
assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more
● ● ●
frequently.

Page 82
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.4 Utilize Automated Software Inventory Tools

v8 Utilize software inventory tools, when possible, throughout the enterprise to ● ●
automate the discovery and documentation of installed software.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service ● ●
or SSO provider, where supported.

2.6 Address unapproved software

v7 Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed or the inventory is ● ● ●
updated in a timely manner

Page 83
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to 'Guest
user access is restricted to properties and memberships of their
own directory objects' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Limit guest user permissions.
Rationale:
Limiting guest access ensures that guest accounts do not have permission for certain
directory tasks, such as enumerating users, groups or other directory resources, and
cannot be assigned to administrative roles in your directory. Guest access has three
levels of restriction.

1. Guest users have the same access as members (most inclusive),

2. Guest users have limited access to properties and memberships of directory
objects (default value),
3. Guest user access is restricted to properties and memberships of their own
directory objects (most restrictive).

The recommended option is the 3rd, most restrictive: "Guest user access is restricted to
their own directory object".
Impact:
This may create additional requests for permissions to access resources that
administrators will need to approve.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then External Identities
4. Select External collaboration settings
5. Under Guest user access, ensure that Guest user access restrictions is set
to Guest user access is restricted to properties and memberships of
their own directory objects

Page 84
From PowerShell

1. Enter the following Get-AzureADMSAuthorizationPolicy

Which will give a result like:

Id : authorizationPolicy
OdataType :
Description : Used to manage
authorization related settings across the company.
DisplayName : Authorization Policy
EnabledPreviewFeatures : {}
GuestUserRoleId : 10dae51f-b6af-4016-8d66-
8c2a99b929b3
PermissionGrantPolicyIdsAssignedToDefaultUserRole : {user-default-legacy}
If the GuestUserRoleID property does not equal 2af84b1e-32c8-42b7-82bc-
daa82404023b then it is not set to most restrictive.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then External Identities
4. Select External collaboration settings
5. Under Guest user access, change Guest user access restrictions to be Guest
user access is restricted to properties and memberships of their own
directory objects

From PowerShell

1. From a PowerShell session enter Set-AzureADMSAuthorizationPolicy -

GuestUserRoleId '2af84b1e-32c8-42b7-82bc-daa82404023b'
2. Check that the setting was applied by entering Get-
AzureADMSAuthorizationPolicy
3. Make certain that the GuestUserRoleId is equal to the earlier entered value of
2af84b1e-32c8-42b7-82bc-daa82404023b.

Default Value:
By default, Guest user access restrictions is set to Guest user access is
restricted to properties and memberships of their own directory objects.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/users-
default-permissions#member-and-guest-users
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management

Page 85
 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/enterprise-users/users-
restrict-guest-permissions

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

3.7 Establish and Maintain a Data Classification Scheme

Establish and maintain an overall data classification scheme for the enterprise.
v8 Enterprises may use labels, such as “Sensitive,” “Confidential,” and “Public,” and
classify their data according to those labels. Review and update the classification
● ●
scheme annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact
this Safeguard.

6.7 Centralize Access Control

v8 Centralize access control for all enterprise assets through a directory service or ● ●
SSO provider, where supported.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1026

Page 86
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users" (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Restrict invitations to users with specific administrative roles only.
Rationale:
Restricting invitations to users with specific administrator roles ensures that only
authorized accounts have access to cloud resources. This helps to maintain "Need to
Know" permissions and prevents inadvertent access to data.
By default the setting Guest invite restrictions is set to Anyone in the
organization can invite guest users including guests and non-admins. This would
allow anyone within the organization to invite guests and non-admins to the tenant,
posing a security risk.
Impact:
With the option of Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest
users selected, users with specific admin roles will be in charge of sending invitations to
the external users, requiring additional overhead by them to manage user accounts.
This will mean coordinating with other departments as they are onboarding new users.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then External Identities
4.
External collaboration settings
5. Under Guest invite settings, for Guest invite restrictions, ensure that that
Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users is
selected

Note: This setting has 4 levels of restriction, which include:

• Anyone in the organization can invite guest users including guests and non-
admins (most inclusive),
• Member users and users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users
including guests with member permissions,

Page 87
 • Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users,
• No one in the organization can invite guest users including admins (most
restrictive).

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then External Identities
4. Select External collaboration settings
5. Under Guest invite settings, for Guest invite restrictions, ensure that Only
users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users is selected

Default Value:
By default, Guest invite restrictions is set to Anyone in the organization can
invite guest users including guests and non-admins

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-b2b-
delegate-invitations
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.1 Establish an Access Granting Process

v8 Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for granting access to ● ● ●
enterprise assets upon new hire, rights grant, or role change of a user.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

Page 88
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

16.2 Configure Centralized Point of Authentication

v7 Configure access for all accounts through as few centralized points of ● ●
authentication as possible, including network, security, and cloud systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1026

Page 89
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
portal' is Set to 'Yes' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Restrict access to the Azure AD administration portal to administrators only.
NOTE: This only affects access to the Azure AD administrator's web portal. This setting
does not prohibit privileged users from using other methods such as Rest API or
Powershell to obtain sensitive information from Azure AD.
Rationale:
The Azure AD administrative portal has sensitive data and permission settings. All non-
administrators should be prohibited from accessing any Azure AD data in the
administration portal to avoid exposure.
Impact:
All administrative tasks will need to be done by Administrators, causing additional
overhead in management of users and resources.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select User settings
5. Ensure that Restrict access to Azure AD administration portal is set to Yes

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Users
4. Select User settings
5. Set Restrict access to Azure AD administration portal to Yes

Default Value:
By default, Restrict access to Azure AD administration portal is set to No

Page 90
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-assign-
admin-roles-azure-portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.4 Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated

Administrator Accounts
v8 Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on ● ● ●
enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing,
email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

4.3 Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts

v7 Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or
secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for
● ● ●
administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1538 TA0007 M1018

Page 91
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups features in
the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Restricts group creation to administrators with permissions only.
Rationale:
Self-service group management enables users to create and manage security groups or
Office 365 groups in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD). Unless a business requires this
day-to-day delegation for some users, self-service group management should be
disabled.
Impact:
Setting to Yes could create administrative overhead by customers seeking certain group
memberships that will have to be manually managed by administrators with appropriate
permissions.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Groups
4. Select General under Settings
5. Ensure that Restrict user ability to access groups features in the Access
Panel is set to Yes

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Groups
4. Select General under Settings
5. Ensure that Restrict user ability to access groups features in the Access
Panel is set to Yes

Page 92
Default Value:
By default, Restrict user ability to access groups features in the Access Pane
is set to No

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
accessmanagement-self-service-group-management
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

Page 93
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Restrict security group creation to administrators only.
Rationale:
When creating security groups is enabled, all users in the directory are allowed to
create new security groups and add members to those groups. Unless a business
requires this day-to-day delegation, security group creation should be restricted to
administrators only.
Impact:
Enabling this setting could create a number of requests that would need to be managed
by an administrator.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Groups
4. Select General under Settings
5. Ensure that Users can create security groups in Azure portals, API or
PowerShell is set to No

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Groups
4. Select General under Settings
5. Set Users can create security groups in Azure portals, API or PowerShell
to No

Page 94
Default Value:
By default, Users can create security groups in Azure portals, API or
PowerShell is set to Yes

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
accessmanagement-self-service-group-management#making-a-group-available-
for-end-user-self-service
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1578 TA0005 M1018

Page 95
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership
requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Restrict security group management to administrators only.
Rationale:
Restricting security group management to administrators only prohibits users from
making changes to security groups. This ensures that security groups are appropriately
managed and their management is not delegated to non-administrators.
Impact:
Group Membership for user accounts will need to be handled by Admins and cause
administrative overhead.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Groups
4. Select General in settings
5. Ensure that Owners can manage group membership requests in the Access
Panel is set to No

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Groups
4. Select General in settings
5. Set Owners can manage group membership requests in the Access Panel to No

Default Value:
By default, Owners can manage group membership requests in the Access Panel is
set to No.

Page 96
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/active-directory-
accessmanagement-self-service-group-management#making-a-group-available-
for-end-user-self-service
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-8-choose-approval-process-for-microsoft-support
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

Page 97
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in Azure
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Restrict Microsoft 365 group creation to administrators only.
Rationale:
Restricting Microsoft 365 group creation to administrators only ensures that creation of
Microsoft 365 groups is controlled by the administrator. Appropriate groups should be
created and managed by the administrator and group creation rights should not be
delegated to any other user.
Impact:
Enabling this setting could create a number of requests that would need to be managed
by an administrator.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Groups
4. Select General in setting
5. Ensure that Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in Azure portals, API
or PowerShell is set to No

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Then Groups
4. Select General in settings
5. Set Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in Azure portals, API or
PowerShell to No

Page 98
Default Value:
By default, Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in Azure portals, API or
PowerShell is set to Yes.

References:

1. https://whitepages.unlimitedviz.com/2017/01/disable-office-365-groups-2/
2. https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Control-who-can-create-Office-365-
Groups-4c46c8cb-17d0-44b5-9776-005fced8e618
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1578 TA0005 M1018

Page 99
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to register
or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Joining or registering devices to the active directory should require Multi-factor
authentication.
Rationale:
Multi-factor authentication is recommended when adding devices to Azure AD. When
set to Yes, users who are adding devices from the internet must first use the second
method of authentication before their device is successfully added to the directory. This
ensures that rogue devices are not added to the domain using a compromised user
account. Note: Some Microsoft documentation suggests to use conditional access
policies for joining a domain from certain whitelisted networks or devices. Even with
these in place, using Multi-Factor Authentication is still recommended, as it creates a
process for review before joining the domain.
Impact:
A slight impact of additional overhead, as Administrators will now have to approve every
access to the domain.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Devices
4. Select Device settings
5. Ensure that Require Multi-Factor Authentication to register or join
devices with Azure AD is set to Yes

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Azure Active Directory
3. Select Devices
4. Select Device settings
5. Set Require Multi-Factor Authentication to register or join devices with
Azure AD to Yes

Page 100
Default Value:
By default, Require Multi-Factor Authentication to register or join devices
with Azure AD is set to No.

References:

1. https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/janketil/2016/02/29/azure-mfa-for-enrollment-
in-intune-and-azure-ad-device-registration-explained/
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-use-strong-authentication-controls-for-all-azure-
active-directory-based-access

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Require MFA for Externally-Exposed Applications

v8 Require all externally-exposed enterprise or third-party applications to enforce
MFA, where supported. Enforcing MFA through a directory service or SSO
● ●
provider is a satisfactory implementation of this Safeguard.

v8 6.4 Require MFA for Remote Network Access ● ● ●

Require MFA for remote network access.

16.3 Require Multi-factor Authentication

v7 Require multi-factor authentication for all user accounts, on all systems, ● ●
whether managed onsite or by a third-party provider.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1032

Page 101
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator Roles
Exist (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
The principle of least privilege should be followed and only necessary privileges should
be assigned instead of allowing full administrative access.
Rationale:
Classic subscription admin roles offer basic access management and include Account
Administrator, Service Administrator, and Co-Administrators. It is recommended the
least necessary permissions be given initially. Permissions can be added as needed by
the account holder. This ensures the account holder cannot perform actions which were
not intended.
Impact:
Subscriptions will need to be handled by Administrators with permissions.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Subscriptions.
3. Select Access control (IAM).
4. Select Roles.
5. Click Type and select CustomRole from the drop down menu.
6. Select View next to a role.
7. Select JSON.
8. Check for assignableScopes set to / or the subscription, and actions set to *.
9. Repeat steps 6-8 for each custom role.

From Azure CLI

List custom roles:
az role definition list --custom-role-only True
Check for entries with assignableScope of / or the subscription, and an action of *
From PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Get-AzRoleDefinition |Where-Object {($_.IsCustom -eq $true) -and
($_.Actions.contains('*'))}
Check the output for AssignableScopes value set to '/' or the subscription.

Page 102
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Subscriptions.
3. Select Access control (IAM).
4. Select Roles.
5. Click Type and select CustomRole from the drop down menu.
6. Check the box next to each role which grants subscription administrator
privileges.
7. Select Remove.
8. Select Yes.

From Azure CLI

List custom roles:
az role definition list --custom-role-only True
Check for entries with assignableScope of / or the subscription, and an action of *.
To remove a violating role:
az role definition delete --name <role name>
Note that any role assignments must be removed before a custom role can be deleted.
Ensure impact is assessed before deleting a custom role granting subscription
administrator privileges.
Default Value:
By default, no custom owner roles are created.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/billing/billing-add-change-azure-
subscription-administrator
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy

Page 103
 8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
9. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-7-follow-just-enough-administration-least-privilege-principle

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.4 Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated

Administrator Accounts
v8 Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on ● ● ●
enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing,
email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

4.1 Maintain Inventory of Administrative Accounts

v7 Use automated tools to inventory all administrative accounts, including domain
and local accounts, to ensure that only authorized individuals have elevated
● ●
privileges.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0004 M1026

Page 104
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
Administering Resource Locks (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Resource locking is a powerful protection mechanism that can prevent inadvertent
modification/deletion of resources within Azure subscriptions/Resource Groups and is a
recommended NIST configuration.
Rationale:
Given the resource lock functionality is outside of standard Role Based Access
Control(RBAC), it would be prudent to create a resource lock administrator role to
prevent inadvertent unlocking of resources.
Impact:
By adding this role, specific permissions may be granted for managing just resource
locks rather than needing to provide the wide Owner or User Access Administrator role,
reducing the risk of the user being able to do unintentional damage.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. In the Azure portal, open a subscription or resource group where you want to
view assigned roles.
2. Select Access control (IAM)
3. Select Roles
4. Search for the custom role named <role_name> Ex. from remediation Resource
Lock Administrator
5. Ensure that the role is assigned to the appropriate users.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. In the Azure portal, open a subscription or resource group where you want the
custom role to be assigned.
2.
Select Access control (IAM).
3. Click Add.
4. Select Add custom role.
5. In the Custom Role Name field enter Resource Lock Administrator.

Page 105
 6. In the Description field enter Can Administer Resource Locks.
7. For Baseline permissions select Start from scratch
8. Select next.
9. In the Permissions tab select Add permissions.
10. In the Search for a permission box, type in Microsoft.Authorization/locks to
search for permissions.
11. Select the check box next to the permission Microsoft.Authorization/locks.
12. Select Add.
13. Select Review + create.
14. Select Create.
15. Assign the newly created role to the appropriate user.

From PowerShell:
Below is a power shell definition for a resource lock administrator role created at an
Azure Management group level
Import-Module Az.Accounts
Connect-AzAccount

$role = Get-AzRoleDefinition "User Access Administrator"

$role.Id = $null
$role.Name = "Resource Lock Administrator"
$role.Description = "Can Administer Resource Locks"
$role.Actions.Clear()
$role.Actions.Add("Microsoft.Authorization/locks/*")
$role.AssignableScopes.Clear()

* Scope at the Management group level Management group

$role.AssignableScopes.Add("/providers/Microsoft.Management/managementGroups/
MG-Name")

New-AzRoleDefinition -Role $role

Get-AzureRmRoleDefinition "Resource Lock Administrator"

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/custom-roles
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/check-access
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-7-follow-just-enough-administration-least-privilege-principle
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-enterprise-segmentation-strategy

Page 106
 8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

Page 107
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit No One’
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Users who are set as subscription owners are able to make administrative changes to
the subscriptions and move them into and out of Azure Active Directories.
Rationale:
Permissions to move subscriptions in and out of Azure Active Directory must only be
given to appropriate administrative personnel. A subscription that is moved into an
Azure Active Directory may be within a folder to which other users have elevated
permissions. This prevents loss of data or unapproved changes of the objects within by
potential bad actors.
Impact:
Subscriptions will need to have these settings turned off to be moved.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From the Azure Portal Home select the portal menu

2. Select Subscriptions
3. Select Manage Policies
4. Ensure Subscription leaving AAD directory and Subscription entering AAD
directory are set to Permit no one

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From the Azure Portal Home select the portal menu

2. Select Subscriptions
3. Select Manage Policies
4. Under Subscription leaving AAD directory and Subscription entering AAD
directory select Permit no one

Page 108
Default Value:
By default Subscription leaving AAD directory and Subscription entering AAD are
set to Allow everyone (default)

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cost-management-
billing/manage/manage-azure-subscription-policy
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/fundamentals/active-
directory-how-subscriptions-associated-directory
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cost-management-
billing/manage/manage-azure-subscription-policy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-2-protect-identity-and-authentication-systems

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.4 Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated

Administrator Accounts
v8 Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on ● ● ●
enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing,
email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

6.1 Establish an Access Granting Process

v8 Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for granting access to ● ● ●
enterprise assets upon new hire, rights grant, or role change of a user.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

4.3 Ensure the Use of Dedicated Administrative Accounts

v7 Ensure that all users with administrative account access use a dedicated or
secondary account for elevated activities. This account should only be used for
● ● ●
administrative activities and not internet browsing, email, or similar activities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1578 TA0040 M1018

Page 109
2 Microsoft Defender
This section covers recommendations to consider for tenant-wide security policies and
plans related to Microsoft Defender. Please note that because Microsoft Defender
products require additional licensing, all Microsoft Defender plan recommendations in
subsection 2.1 are assigned as “Level 2.”
Microsoft Defender products addressed in this section include:

• Microsoft Defender for Cloud

• Microsoft Defender for IoT
• Microsoft Defender External Attack Surface Management

Page 110
2.1 Microsoft Defender for Cloud

This subsection is dedicated to providing guidance on Microsoft Defender for Cloud

product plans. This guidance is intended to ensure that - at a minimum - the protective
measures offered by these plans are being considered. Organizations may find that
they have existing products or services that provide the same utility as some Microsoft
Defender for Cloud products. Security and Administrative personnel need to make the
determination on their organization's behalf regarding which - if any - of these
recommendations are relevant to their organization's needs. In consideration of the
above, and because of the potential for increased cost and complexity, please be aware
that all Defender Plan recommendations are profiled as "Level 2" recommendations.

Page 111
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Servers enables threat detection for Servers,
providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and behavior analytics in the Microsoft
Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Servers allows for greater defense-in-depth, with threat
detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Servers in Microsoft Defender for Cloud incurs an
additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Ensure Servers Status is set to On.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing show -n VirtualMachines --query pricingTier
If the tenant is licensed and enabled, the output should indicate Standard
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'VirtualMachines' |Select-Object Name,PricingTier
If the tenant is licensed and enabled, the -PricingTier parameter will indicate Standard

Page 112
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Set Server Status to On
6. Select Save

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n VirtualMachines --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'VirtualMachines' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
endpoint-security#es-1-use-endpoint-detection-and-response-edr

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

v8 10.1 Deploy and Maintain Anti-Malware Software ● ● ●

Deploy and maintain anti-malware software on all enterprise assets.

Page 113
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

8.1 Utilize Centrally Managed Anti-malware Software

v7 Utilize centrally managed anti-malware software to continuously monitor and ● ●
defend each of the organization's workstations and servers.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 114
2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set To
'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for App Service enables threat detection for App Service,
providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and behavior analytics in the Microsoft
Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for App Service allows for greater defense-in-depth, with
threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for App Service incurs an additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Ensure Status is On for App Service

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing show -n AppServices
Ensure -PricingTier is set to Standard
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'AppServices' |Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure the -PricingTier is set to Standard

Page 115
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Set App Service Status to On
6. Select Save

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n Appservices --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name "AppServices" -PricingTier "Standard"

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

Page 116
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or
more frequent, basis.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 117
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To
'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Databases enables threat detection for the instances
running your database software. This provides threat intelligence, anomaly detection,
and behavior analytics in the Azure Microsoft Defender for Cloud. Instead of being
enabled on services like Platform as a Service (PaaS), this implementation will run
within your instances as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) on the Operating Systems
hosting your databases.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases allows your organization more
granular control of the infrastructure running your database software. Instead of waiting
on Microsoft release updates or other similar processes, you can manage them
yourself. Threat detection is provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center
(MSRC).
Impact:
Running Defender on Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) may incur increased costs
associated with running the service and the instance it is on. Similarly, you will need
qualified personnel to maintain the operating system and software updates. If it is not
maintained, security patches will not be applied and it may be open to vulnerabilities.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Ensure Databases Status is set to On
6. Review the chosen pricing tier

Page 118
From Azure CLI
Ensure the output of the below commands is Standard
az security pricing show -n 'SqlServers'
az security pricing show -n 'SqlServerVirtualMachines'
az security pricing show -n 'OpenSourceRelationalDatabases'
az security pricing show -n 'CosmosDbs'
If the output of any of the above commands shows pricingTier with a value of Free,
the setting is out of compliance.

From PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Get-AzSecurityPricing |select-object Name,PricingTier |where-object {$_.Name
-match 'Sql' -or $_.Name -match 'Cosmos' -or $_.Name -match 'OpenSource'}
Ensure the output shows Standard for each database type under the PricingTier
column. Any that show Free are considered out of compliance.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select Defender plans
5. Set Databases Status to On
6. Select Save

Review the chosen pricing tier. For the Azure Databases resource review the different
plan information and choose one that fits the needs of your organization.
From Azure CLI
Run the following commands:
az security pricing create -n 'SqlServers' --tier 'Standard'
az security pricing create -n 'SqlServerVirtualMachines' --tier 'Standard'
az security pricing create -n 'OpenSourceRelationalDatabases' --tier
'Standard'
az security pricing create -n 'CosmosDbs' --tier 'Standard'
From Azure PowerShell
Run the following commands:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServers' -PricingTier 'Standard'
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServerVirtualMachines' -PricingTier
'Standard'
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'OpenSourceRelationalDatabases' -PricingTier
'Standard'
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'CosmosDbs' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Page 119
Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender Plans are off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/azure-defender-for-
sql?view=azuresql
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/quickstart-enable-
database-protections
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-
databases-usage
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 120
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 121
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases
Is Set To 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases enables threat detection for
Azure SQL database servers, providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and
behavior analytics in the Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases allows for greater defense-in-
depth, with threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center
(MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL Databases incurs an additional cost per
resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Ensure the radio button next to Azure SQL Databases is set to On.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing show -n SqlServers
Ensure -PricingTier is set to Standard
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServers' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure the -PricingTier is set to Standard

Page 122
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Set the radio button next to Azure SQL Databases to On.
7. Select Continue.
8. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n SqlServers --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServers' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-2-monitor-anomalies-and-threats-targeting-sensitive-data
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

Page 123
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 124
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on
Machines Is Set To 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for SQL servers on machines enables threat detection
for SQL servers on machines, providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and
behavior analytics in the Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for SQL servers on machines allows for greater defense-
in-depth, with threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center
(MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for SQL servers on machines incurs an additional cost
per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Ensure the radio button next to SQL servers on machines is set to On.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing show -n SqlServerVirtualMachines
Ensure the 'PricingTier' is set to 'Standard'
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServerVirtualMachines' | Select-Object
Name,PricingTier

Page 125
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Set the radio button next to SQL servers on machines to On.
7. Select Continue.
8. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n SqlServerVirtualMachines --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'SqlServerVirtualMachines' -PricingTier
'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/defender-for-sql-usage
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-3-monitor-for-unauthorized-transfer-of-sensitive-data
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

Page 126
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 127
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source Relational
Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Open-source relational databases enables threat
detection for Open-source relational databases, providing threat intelligence, anomaly
detection, and behavior analytics in the Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Open-source relational databases allows for greater
defense-in-depth, with threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response
Center (MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Open-source relational databases incurs an
additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Ensure the radio button next to Open-source relational databases is set to On.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing show -n OpenSourceRelationalDatabases --query pricingTier
From PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq
'OpenSourceRelationalDatabases'} | Select-Object Name, PricingTier
Ensure output for Name PricingTier is OpenSourceRelationalDatabases Standard

Page 128
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Click Select types > in the row for Databases.
6. Set the radio button next to Open-source relational databases to On.
7. Select Continue.
8. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n 'OpenSourceRelationalDatabases' --tier
'standard'
From PowerShell
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Open-source relational
databases
set-azsecuritypricing -name "OpenSourceRelationalDatabases" -pricingtier
"Standard"

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-2-monitor-anomalies-and-threats-targeting-sensitive-data
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

Page 129
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 130
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To 'On'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Storage enables threat detection for Storage,
providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and behavior analytics in the Microsoft
Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Storage allows for greater defense-in-depth, with threat
detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Storage incurs an additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Ensure Status is set to On for Storage.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing show -n StorageAccounts
From PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'StorageAccounts' | Select-Object
Name,PricingTier
Ensure output for Name PricingTier is StorageAccounts Standard

Page 131
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Set Status to On for Storage.
6. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing create -n StorageAccounts --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'StorageAccounts' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 132
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 133
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To
'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Containers enables threat detection for Container
Registries including Kubernetes, providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and
behavior analytics in the Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Container Registries allows for greater defense-in-
depth, with threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center
(MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Containers incurs an additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select Defender plans.
5. Ensure On is set under Status for Containers.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the commands below indicates Standard pricing.
For legacy Defender for Container Registries instances:
az security pricing show --name "ContainerRegistry" --query pricingTier
For new Defender for Containers instances:
az security pricing show --name "Containers" --query pricingTier
From PowerShell
Ensure the output of the commands below indicates Standard pricing.
For legacy Defender for Container Registries instances:
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'ContainerRegistry' | Select-Object
Name,PricingTier
For new Defender for Containers instances:

Page 134
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'Containers' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier

Page 135
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select Defender plans.
5. Set Status to On for Containers.
6. Click Save.

From Azure CLI

(Note: 'ContainerRegistry' has been deprecated and is replaced by 'Containers')
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Containers.
az security pricing create -n 'Containers' --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
(Note: 'ContainerRegistry' has been deprecated and is replaced by 'Containers')
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Containers.
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'Containers' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for Containers is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-
containers-introduction?tabs=defender-for-container-arch-aks

Additional Information:
Deprecation of previous product plans 'Container registries' and 'Kubernetes' plans
for Microsoft Defender are being deprecated and replaced with 'Containers' or Microsoft
Defender for Containers.

Page 136
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 137
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is
Set To 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB scans all incoming network requests for
threats to your Azure Cosmos DB resources.
Rationale:
In scanning Azure Cosmos DB requests within a subscription, requests are compared to
a heuristic list of potential security threats. These threats could be a result of a security
breach within your services, thus scanning for them could prevent a potential security
threat from being introduced.
Impact:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB requires enabling Microsoft
Defender for your subscription. Both will incur additional charges.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings blade
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select the Defender plans blade
5. On the Database row click on Select types >
6. Ensure the radio button next to Azure Cosmos DB is set to On.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing show -n CosmosDbs --query pricingTier
From PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'CosmosDbs' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure output of -PricingTier is Standard

Page 138
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. On the Database row click on Select types >.
6. Set the radio button next to Azure Cosmos DB to On.
7. Click Continue.
8. Click Save.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az security pricing create -n 'CosmosDbs' --tier 'standard'
From PowerShell
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Azure Cosmos DB
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'CosmosDbs' -PricingTier 'Standard

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB is not enabled.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/defender-for-cloud/
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/enable-enhanced-
security
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/alerts-overview
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/baselines/cosmos-
db-security-baseline
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/quickstart-enable-
database-protections
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

Page 139
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 140
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To
'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Key Vault enables threat detection for Key Vault,
providing threat intelligence, anomaly detection, and behavior analytics in the Microsoft
Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Key Vault allows for greater defense-in-depth, with
threat detection provided by the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC).
Impact:
Turning on Microsoft Defender for Key Vault incurs an additional cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings blade
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select the Defender plans blade
5. Ensure Status is set to On for Key Vault.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing show -n 'KeyVaults' --query 'PricingTier'
From PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'KeyVaults' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure output for PricingTier is Standard

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings blade
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select the Defender plans blade
5. Select On under Status for Key Vault.

Page 141
 6. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Enable Standard pricing tier for Key Vault:
az security pricing create -n 'KeyVaults' --tier 'Standard'
From PowerShell
Enable Standard pricing tier for Key Vault:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'KeyVaults' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender plan is off.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-detection-
capabilities
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/pricings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.security/get-
azsecuritypricing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 142
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 143
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Microsoft Defender for DNS scans all network traffic exiting from within a subscription.
Rationale:
DNS lookups within a subscription are scanned and compared to a dynamic list of
websites that might be potential security threats. These threats could be a result of a
security breach within your services, thus scanning for them could prevent a potential
security threat from being introduced.
Impact:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for DNS requires enabling Microsoft Defender for your
subscription. Both will incur additional charges, with Defender for DNS being a small
amount per million queries.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings blade
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select the Defender plans blade
5. Ensure Status is set to On for DNS.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing show -n 'DNS' --query 'PrincingTier'
From PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing --Name 'DNS' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure output of PricingTier is Standard

Page 144
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.
5. Select On under Status for DNS.
6. Select Save.

From Powershell
Enable Standard pricing tier for DNS:
az security pricing create -n 'DNS' --tier 'Standard'

From PowerShell
Enable Standard pricing tier for DNS:
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'DNS' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for DNS is not enabled.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/defender-for-cloud/
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/baselines/dns-
security-baseline
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-dns-
alerts
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/enable-enhanced-
security
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/alerts-overview
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-10-ensure-domain-name-system-dns-security
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.9 Configure Trusted DNS Servers on Enterprise Assets

v8 Configure trusted DNS servers on enterprise assets. Example implementations
include: configuring assets to use enterprise-controlled DNS servers and/or
● ●
reputable externally accessible DNS servers.

Page 145
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

13.6 Collect Network Traffic Flow Logs

v8 Collect network traffic flow logs and/or network traffic to review and alert upon ● ●
from network devices.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

7.6 Log all URL requests

v7 Log all URL requests from each of the organization's systems, whether onsite
or a mobile device, in order to identify potentially malicious activity and assist
● ●
incident handlers with identifying potentially compromised systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 146
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager Is
Set To 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager scans incoming administrative requests to
change your infrastructure from both CLI and the Azure portal.
Rationale:
Scanning resource requests lets you be alerted every time there is suspicious activity in
order to prevent a security threat from being introduced.
Impact:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager requires enabling Microsoft
Defender for your subscription. Both will incur additional charges.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2. Select Environment Settings blade
3. Click on the subscription name
4. Select the Defender plans blade
5. Ensure Status is set to On for Resource Manager.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Standard
az security pricing show -n 'Arm' --query 'PricingTier'
From Azure PowerShell
Get-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'Arm' | Select-Object Name,PricingTier
Ensure the output of PricingTier is Standard

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.

2. Select Environment Settings blade.
3. Click on the subscription name.
4. Select the Defender plans blade.

Page 147
 5. Select On under Status for Resource Manager.
6. Select `Save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Defender for Resource
Manager
az security pricing create -n 'Arm' --tier 'Standard'
From PowerShell
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Defender for Resource
Manager
Set-AzSecurityPricing -Name 'Arm' -PricingTier 'Standard'

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager is not enabled.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/enable-enhanced-
security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-resource-
manager-introduction
3. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/defender-for-cloud/
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/alerts-overview
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.4 Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated

Administrator Accounts
v8 Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on
enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet
● ● ●
browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged
account.

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

Page 148
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 149
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that the latest OS patches for all virtual machines are applied.
Rationale:
Windows and Linux virtual machines should be kept updated to:

• Address a specific bug or flaw

• Improve an OS or application’s general stability
• Fix a security vulnerability

The Azure Security Center retrieves a list of available security and critical updates from
Windows Update or Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), depending on which
service is configured on a Windows VM. The security center also checks for the latest
updates in Linux systems. If a VM is missing a system update, the security center will
recommend system updates be applied.
Impact:
Running Microsoft Defender for Cloud incurs additional charges for each resource
monitored. Please see attached reference for exact charges per hour.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then the Recommendations blade
4. Ensure that there are no recommendations for Apply system updates

Alternatively, you can employ your own patch assessment and management tool to
periodically assess, report and install the required security patches for your OS.
Remediation:
Follow Microsoft Azure documentation to apply security patches from the security
center. Alternatively, you can employ your own patch assessment and management tool
to periodically assess, report, and install the required security patches for your OS.

Page 150
Default Value:
By default, patches are not automatically deployed.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-7-rapidly-and-automatically-remediate-
software-vulnerabilities
2. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/defender-for-cloud/
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/deploy-vulnerability-
assessment-vm

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.3 Perform Automated Operating System Patch

v8 Management
Perform operating system updates on enterprise assets through automated
● ● ●
patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.

3.4 Deploy Automated Operating System Patch

Management Tools
v7 Deploy automated software update tools in order to ensure that the operating ● ● ●
systems are running the most recent security updates provided by the software
vendor.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1082 TA0042 M1051

Page 151
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not Set
to 'Disabled' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
None of the settings offered by ASC Default policy should be set to effect Disabled.

Rationale:
A security policy defines the desired configuration of your workloads and helps ensure
compliance with company or regulatory security requirements. ASC Default policy is
associated with every subscription by default. ASC default policy assignment is a set of
security recommendations based on best practices. Enabling recommendations in ASC
default policy ensures that Azure security center provides the ability to monitor all of the
supported recommendations and optionally allow automated action for a few of the
supported recommendations.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select subscription
5. Then on Security Policy in the left column.
6. Click on ASC Default under Default initiative
7. Scroll down to Policy Enforcement and ensure it is set to Enabled
8. Click on the Parameters tab and uncheck Only show parameters that need
input or review
9. Review the Parameters to ensure none of the items are set to Disabled.

The View effective Policy button can be used to see all effects of policies even if they
have not been modified.

Page 152
From Azure CLI
Ensure the properties.enforcementMode in the output of the below command is set to
Default. If properties.enforcementMode is set to DoNotEnforce, the default policies are
disabled and therefore out of compliance.
az account get-access-token --query
"{<subscription:subscription>,<accessToken:accessToken>}" --out tsv | xargs -
L1 bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/providers/Microso
ft.Authorization/policyAssignments/SecurityCenterBuiltIn?api-version=2021-06-
01'
Note policies that have not been modified will not be listed in this output

From PowerShell
Get-AzPolicyAssignment | Where-Object {$_.Name -eq 'SecurityCenterBuiltIn'} |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty Properties
If the EnforcementMode value equals Default the ASC Default Policies are enabled.
Because several of the policies are in the Disabled state by default, check to see if the
Parameters attribute in the output of the above command contains policies with the
value of Disabled or if it's empty altogether. If so, these settings are out of compliance.
If none of the values in the Parameters attribute show Disabled, these settings are in
compliance. If the EnforcementMode parameter equals DoNotEnforce the ASC Default
Policies are all disabled and thus out of compliance.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Select Environment Settings
4. Click on a subscription
5. Select Security Policy in the left column.
6. Click on ASC Default under Default initiative
7. Ensure Policy Enforcement is Enabled
8. Click on the Parameters tab and uncheck Only show parameters that need
input or review
9. For any parameters set to Disabled or empty, update to a valid value for the
organization
10. Click Save

Page 153
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-policies
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-enable-
transparent-data-encryption
3. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704062.aspx
4. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704063.aspx
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/policy/policy-assignments/get
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/policy/policy-assignments/create
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/security-center/tutorial-security-policy
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-7-define-and-implement-logging-threat-detection-and-
incident-response-strategy

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.1 Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process

Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets
v8 (end-user devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and
servers) and software (operating systems and applications). Review and update
● ● ●
documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could
impact this Safeguard.

4.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process

for Network Infrastructure
v8 Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for network devices. ● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

v8 13.11 Tune Security Event Alerting Thresholds ●

Tune security event alerting thresholds monthly, or more frequently.

5.1 Establish Secure Configurations

v7 Maintain documented, standard security configuration standards for all ● ● ●
authorized operating systems and software.

5.5 Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring

Systems
v7 Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration ● ●
monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved
exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.

Page 154
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for
Azure VMs' is Set to 'On' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable automatic provisioning of the monitoring agent to collect security data.
Rationale:
When Log Analytics agent for Azure VMs is turned on, Microsoft Defender for Cloud
provisions the Microsoft Monitoring Agent on all existing supported Azure virtual
machines and any new ones that are created. The Microsoft Monitoring Agent scans for
various security-related configurations and events such as system updates, OS
vulnerabilities, endpoint protection, and provides alerts.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Click on Settings & Monitoring
6. Ensure that Log Analytics agent/Azure Monitor agent is set to On

Repeat the above for any additional subscriptions.

From Azure CLI
Ensure the output of the below command is On
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/providers/Microso
ft.Security/autoProvisioningSettings?api-version=2017-08-01-preview' | jq
'.|.value[] | select(.name=="default")'|jq '.properties.autoProvision'
Using PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Get-AzSecurityAutoProvisioningSetting
Ensure output for Id Name AutoProvision is
/subscriptions//providers/Microsoft.Security/autoProvisioningSettings/default
default On

Page 155
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Select Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Click on Settings & Monitoring
6. Ensure that Log Analytics agent for Azure VMs is set to On

Repeat the above for any additional subscriptions.

From Azure CLI
Use the below command to set Automatic provisioning of monitoring agent to On.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/subscriptionID/providers/Microsoft
.Security/autoProvisioningSettings/default?api-version=2017-08-01-preview -
d@"input.json"'
Where input.json contains the Request body json data as mentioned below.
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/autoProvi
sioningSettings/default",
"name": "default",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/autoProvisioningSettings",
"properties": {
"autoProvision": "On"
}
}

Default Value:
By default, Automatic provisioning of monitoring agent is set to On.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-data-
security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-enable-
data-collection
3. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704062.aspx
4. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704063.aspx
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/list
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/create

Page 156
 7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-5-centralize-security-log-management-and-analysis
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
9. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
incident-response#ir-2-preparation--setup-incident-notification

Additional Information:

• Excluding any of the entries in input.json may disable the specific setting by
default
• Microsoft has recently changed APIs to get and Update Automatic Provisioning
Setting. This recommendation is updated accordingly.

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1562 TA0005

Page 157
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability assessment
for machines' is Set to 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable automatic provisioning of vulnerability assessment for machines on both Azure
and hybrid (Arc enabled) machines.
Rationale:
Vulnerability assessment for machines scans for various security-related configurations
and events such as system updates, OS vulnerabilities, and endpoint protection, then
produces alerts on threat and vulnerability findings.
Impact:
Additional licensing is required and configuration of Azure Arc introduces complexity
beyond this recommendation.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Click on Settings & Monitoring
6. Ensure that Vulnerability assessment for machines is set to On

Repeat the above for any additional subscriptions.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Click on Settings & Monitoring
6. Ensure that Vulnerability assessment for machines is set to On

Repeat the above for any additional subscriptions.

Page 158
Default Value:
By default, Automatic provisioning of monitoring agent is set to Off.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/enable-data-
collection?tabs=autoprovision-va
2. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704062.aspx
3. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704063.aspx
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/list
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/create
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-5-perform-vulnerability-assessments

Additional Information:
While this feature is generally available as of publication, it is not yet available for Azure
Government tenants.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 159
2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for
Containers components' is Set to 'On' (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable automatic provisioning of the Microsoft Defender for Containers components.
Rationale:
As with any compute resource, Container environments require hardening and run-time
protection to ensure safe operations and detection of threats and vulnerabilities.
Impact:
Microsoft Defender for Containers will require additional licensing.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Then Auto Provisioning in the left column.
6. Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Containers components is set to On

Repeat the above for any additional subscriptions.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Select a subscription
5. Then Auto Provisioning in the left column.
6. Set Microsoft Defender for Containers components to On

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for Containers is disabled. If Defender for Containers is
enabled from the Microsoft Defender for Cloud portal, auto provisioning will be enabled.

Page 160
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/defender-for-
containers-introduction
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-cloud/enable-data-
collection?tabs=autoprovision-containers
3. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704062.aspx
4. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/mt704063.aspx
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/list
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/securitycenter/autoprovisioningsettings/create
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
incident-response#ir-2-preparation--setup-incident-notification

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 161
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
'Owner' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable security alert emails to subscription owners.
Rationale:
Enabling security alert emails to subscription owners ensures that they receive security
alert emails from Microsoft. This ensures that they are aware of any potential security
issues and can mitigate the risk in a timely fashion.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Then Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace
5. Click on Email notifications
6. Ensure that All users with the following roles is set to Owner

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of below command is set to true.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/providers/Microsoft.Security/se
curityContacts?api-version=2020-01-01-preview' | jq '.|.value[] |
select(.name=="default")'|jq '.properties.notificationsByRole'

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Click on Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace
5. Click on Email notifications
6. In the drop down of the All users with the following roles field select Owner
7. Click Save

Page 162
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to set Send email also to subscription owners to On.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/providers/Microsoft.Security/se
curityContacts/default1?api-version=2017-08-01-preview -d@"input.json"'
Where input.json contains the data below, replacing validEmailAddress with a single
email address or multiple comma-separated email addresses:
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/securityC
ontacts/default1",
"name": "default1",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/securityContacts",
"properties": {
"email": "<validEmailAddress>",
"alertNotifications": "On",
"alertsToAdmins": "On",
"notificationsByRole": "Owner"
}
}

Default Value:
By default, Owner is selected

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-provide-
security-contact-details
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/securitycontacts/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/security-contacts
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
incident-response#ir-2-preparation--setup-incident-notification

Additional Information:
Excluding any entries in the input.json properties block disables the specific setting by
default.

Page 163
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

17.2 Establish and Maintain Contact Information for

Reporting Security Incidents
Establish and maintain contact information for parties that need to be informed of
v8 security incidents. Contacts may include internal staff, third-party vendors, law ● ● ●
enforcement, cyber insurance providers, relevant government agencies, Information
Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) partners, or other stakeholders. Verify contacts
annually to ensure that information is up-to-date.

19.5 Maintain Contact Information For Reporting Security

Incidents
v7 Assemble and maintain information on third-party contact information to be used ● ● ●
to report a security incident, such as Law Enforcement, relevant government
departments, vendors, and ISAC partners.

Page 164
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
Security Contact Email (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Microsoft Defender for Cloud emails the subscription owners whenever a high-severity
alert is triggered for their subscription. You should provide a security contact email
address as an additional email address.
Rationale:
Microsoft Defender for Cloud emails the Subscription Owner to notify them about
security alerts. Adding your Security Contact's email address to the 'Additional email
addresses' field ensures that your organization's Security Team is included in these
alerts. This ensures that the proper people are aware of any potential compromise in
order to mitigate the risk in a timely fashion.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Click on Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace
5. Click on Email notifications
6. Ensure that a valid security contact email address is listed in the Additional
email addresses field

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is set not empty and is set with appropriate
email ids.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/providers/Microsoft.Security/se
curityContacts?api-version=2020-01-01-preview' | jq '.|.[] |
select(.name=="default")'|jq '.properties.emails'

Page 165
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Click on Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace
5. Click on Email notifications
6. Enter a valid security contact email address (or multiple addresses separated by
commas) in the Additional email addresses field
7. Click Save

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to set Security contact emails to On.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/providers/Microsoft.Security/se
curityContacts/default?api-version=2020-01-01-preview -d@"input.json"'
Where input.json contains the data below, replacing validEmailAddress with a single
email address or multiple comma-separated email addresses:
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/securityC
ontacts/default",
"name": "default",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/securityContacts",
"properties": {
"email": "<validEmailAddress>",
"alertNotifications": "On",
"alertsToAdmins": "On"
}
}

Default Value:
By default, there are no additional email addresses entered.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-provide-
security-contact-details
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/securitycontacts/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/security-contacts
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
incident-response#ir-2-preparation--setup-incident-notification

Page 166
Additional Information:
Excluding any entries in the input.json properties block disables the specific setting by
default.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

17.2 Establish and Maintain Contact Information for

Reporting Security Incidents
Establish and maintain contact information for parties that need to be informed of
v8 security incidents. Contacts may include internal staff, third-party vendors, law ● ● ●
enforcement, cyber insurance providers, relevant government agencies, Information
Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) partners, or other stakeholders. Verify contacts
annually to ensure that information is up-to-date.

19.5 Maintain Contact Information For Reporting Security

Incidents
v7 Assemble and maintain information on third-party contact information to be used ● ● ●
to report a security incident, such as Law Enforcement, relevant government
departments, vendors, and ISAC partners.

Page 167
2.1.20 Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the following severity'
is Set to 'High' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enables emailing security alerts to the subscription owner or other designated security
contact.
Rationale:
Enabling security alert emails ensures that security alert emails are received from
Microsoft. This ensures that the right people are aware of any potential security issues
and are able to mitigate the risk.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Click on Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace
5. Click on Email notifications
6. Ensure that the Notify about alerts with the following severity (or
higher): setting is checked and set to High

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of below command is set to true, enter your Subscription ID at the $0
between /subscriptions/<$0>/providers.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/providers/Microsoft.Security/se
curityContacts?api-version=2020-01-01-preview' | jq '.|.[] |
select(.name=="default")'|jq '.properties.alertNotifications'

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Click on Environment Settings
4. Click on the appropriate Management Group, Subscription, or Workspace

Page 168
 5. Click on Email notifications
6. Under Notification types, check the check box next to Notify about alerts
with the following severity (or higher): and select High from the drop
down menu
7. Click Save

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to set Send email notification for high severity alerts
to On.
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<$0>/providers/Microsoft.Security/
securityContacts/default1?api-version=2017-08-01-preview -d@"input.json"'
Where input.json contains the data below, replacing validEmailAddress with a single
email address or multiple comma-separated email addresses:
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/securityC
ontacts/default1",
"name": "default1",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/securityContacts",
"properties": {
"email": "<validEmailAddress>",
"alertNotifications": "On",
"alertsToAdmins": "On"
}
}

Default Value:
By default, Notify about alerts with the following severity (or higher): is set to
High.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-provide-
security-contact-details
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/securitycontacts/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/security-contacts
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
incident-response#ir-2-preparation--setup-incident-notification

Additional Information:
Excluding any entries in the input.json properties block disables the specific setting by
default. This recommendation has been updated to reflect recent changes to Microsoft
REST APIs for getting and updating security contact information.

Page 169
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

v8 13.11 Tune Security Event Alerting Thresholds ●

Tune security event alerting thresholds monthly, or more frequently.

6.8 Regularly Tune SIEM

v7 On a regular basis, tune your SIEM system to better identify actionable ●
events and decrease event noise.

Page 170
2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps integration
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
This integration setting enables Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps (formerly 'Microsoft
Cloud App Security' or 'MCAS' - see additional info) to communicate with Microsoft
Defender for Cloud.
Rationale:
Microsoft Defender for Cloud offers an additional layer of protection by using Azure
Resource Manager events, which is considered to be the control plane for Azure. By
analyzing the Azure Resource Manager records, Microsoft Defender for Cloud detects
unusual or potentially harmful operations in the Azure subscription environment. Several
of the preceding analytics are powered by Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps. To
benefit from these analytics, subscription must have a Cloud App Security license.
Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps works only with Standard Tier subscriptions.
Impact:
Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps works with Standard pricing tier Subscription.
Choosing the Standard pricing tier of Microsoft Defender for Cloud incurs an additional
cost per resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Select Environment Settings blade
4. Click on the subscription name
5. Select the Integrations blade
6. Ensure setting Allow Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to access my data
is selected.

Page 171
From Azure CLI
Ensure the output of the below command is True
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription_ID>/providers/Micros
oft.Security/settings?api-version=2021-06-01' | jq '.|.value[] |
select(.name=="MCAS")'|jq '.properties.enabled'
From PowerShell
Run the following series of commands to audit this configuration
Get-AzAccount
Set-AzContext -Subscription <subscription ID>
Get-AzSecuritySetting | Select-Object name,enabled |where-object {$_.name -eq
"MCAS"}
PowerShell Output - Non-Compliant
Name Enabled
---- -------
MCAS False
PowerShell Output - Compliant
Name Enabled
---- -------
MCAS True

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
3. Select Environment Settings blade.
4. Select the subscription.
5. Select Integrations.
6. Check Allow Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps to access my data.
7. Select Save.

Page 172
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Storage Accounts
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscription_ID>/providers/Micros
oft.Security/settings/MCAS?api-version=2021-06-01 -d@"input.json"'

Where input.json contains the Request body json data as mentioned below.
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/settings/
MCAS",
"kind": "DataExportSetting",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/settings",
"properties": {
"enabled": true
}
}

Default Value:
With Cloud App Security license, these alerts are enabled by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/security-center/security-center-alerts-
service-layer#azure-management-layer-azure-resource-manager-preview
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/settings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/settings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-9-secure-user-access-to--existing-applications

Additional Information:
NOTE: "Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps" ("MDCA") is formerly known as "Microsoft
Cloud App Security" ("MCAS"). There are a number of places (e.g. Azure CLI) where
the "MCAS" acronym is still used within Azure.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated
scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

Page 173
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or
more frequent, basis.

13.10 Perform Application Layer Filtering

v8 Perform application layer filtering. Example implementations include a filtering ●
proxy, application layer firewall, or gateway.

16.11 Leverage Vetted Modules or Services for Application

Security Components
Leverage vetted modules or services for application security components, such
as identity management, encryption, and auditing and logging. Using platform
v8 features in critical security functions will reduce developers’ workload and minimize
the likelihood of design or implementation errors. Modern operating systems provide
● ●
effective mechanisms for identification, authentication, and authorization and make
those mechanisms available to applications. Use only standardized, currently
accepted, and extensively reviewed encryption algorithms. Operating systems also
provide mechanisms to create and maintain secure audit logs.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to automatically
scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis to identify all
● ●
potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1562 TA0005

Page 174
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
This integration setting enables Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (formerly 'Advanced
Threat Protection' or 'ATP' or 'WDATP' - see additional info) to communicate with
Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
IMPORTANT: When enabling integration between DfE & DfC it needs to be taken into
account that this will have some side effects that may be undesirable.

1. For server 2019 & above if defender is installed (default for these server SKU's)
this will trigger a deployment of the new unified agent and link to any of the
extended configuration in the Defender portal.
2. If the new unified agent is required for server SKU's of Win 2016 or Linux and
lower there is additional integration that needs to be switched on and agents
need to be aligned.

Rationale:
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration brings comprehensive Endpoint Detection
and Response (EDR) capabilities within Microsoft Defender for Cloud. This integration
helps to spot abnormalities, as well as detect and respond to advanced attacks on
endpoints monitored by Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
MDE works only with Standard Tier subscriptions.
Impact:
Microsoft Defender for Endpoint works with Standard pricing tier Subscription. Choosing
the Standard pricing tier of Microsoft Defender for Cloud incurs an additional cost per
resource.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
3. Select Environment Settings blade
4. Click on the subscription name
5. Select the Integrations blade

Page 175
 6. Ensure setting Allow Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to access my data is
selected.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is True
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/providers/Microso
ft.Security/settings?api-version=2021-06-01' | jq '.|.value[] |
select(.name=="WDATP")'|jq '.properties.enabled'
From PowerShell
Run the following commands to login and audit this check
Connect-AzAccount
Set-AzContext -Subscription <subscriptionID>
Get-AzSecuritySetting | Select-Object name,enabled |where-object {$_.name -eq
"WDATP"}
PowerShell Output - Non-Compliant
Name Enabled
---- -------
WDATP False
PowerShell Output - Compliant
Name Enabled
---- -------
WDATP True

Remediation:
From Azure Console

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Go to Microsoft Defender for Cloud.
3. Select Environment Settings blade.
4. Select the subscription.
5. Select Integrations.
6. Check Allow Microsoft Defender for Endpoint to access my data.
7. Select Save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable Standard pricing tier for Storage Accounts

Page 176
az account get-access-token --query
"{subscription:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/<subscriptionID>/providers/Microso
ft.Security/settings/WDATP?api-version=2021-06-01 -d@"input.json"'

Where input.json contains the Request body json data as mentioned below.
{
"id":
"/subscriptions/<Your_Subscription_Id>/providers/Microsoft.Security/settings/
WDATP",
"kind": "DataExportSettings",
"type": "Microsoft.Security/settings",
"properties": {
"enabled": true
}
}

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/defender-for-cloud/integration-defender-
for-endpoint?tabs=windows
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/settings/list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/securitycenter/settings/update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
endpoint-security#es-1-use-endpoint-detection-and-response-edr
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
endpoint-security#es-2-use-modern-anti-malware-software

Additional Information:
IMPORTANT: When enabling integration between DfE & DfC it needs to be taken into
account that this will have some side effects that may be undesirable.

1. For server 2019 & above if defender is installed (default for these server SKU's)
this will trigger a deployment of the new unified agent and link to any of the
extended configuration in the Defender portal.
2. If the new unified agent is required for server SKU's of Win 2016 or Linux and
lower there is additional integration that needs to be switched on and agents
need to be aligned.

NOTE: "Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (MDE)" was formerly known as "Windows
Defender Advanced Threat Protection (WDATP)." There are a number of places (e.g.
Azure CLI) where the "WDATP" acronym is still used within Azure.

Page 177
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

v8 10.1 Deploy and Maintain Anti-Malware Software ● ● ●

Deploy and maintain anti-malware software on all enterprise assets.

v8 10.6 Centrally Manage Anti-Malware Software ● ●

Centrally manage anti-malware software.

13.2 Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Detection Solution

v8 Deploy a host-based intrusion detection solution on enterprise assets, where ● ●
appropriate and/or supported.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1562 TA0005

Page 178
2.2 Microsoft Defender for IoT

Page 179
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To 'On'
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Microsoft Defender for IoT acts as a central security hub for IoT devices within your
organization.
Rationale:
IoT devices are very rarely patched and can be potential attack vectors for enterprise
networks. Updating their network configuration to use a central security hub allows for
detection of these breaches.
Impact:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for IoT will incur additional charges dependent on the level
of usage.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to IoT Hub.
2. Select a IoT Hub to validate.
3. Select Overview in Defender for IoT.
4. The Threat prevention and Threat detection screen will appear, if Defender for
IoT is Enabled.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to IoT Hub.
2. Select a IoT Hub to validate.
3. Select Overview in Defender for IoT.
4. Click on Secure your IoT solution, and complete the onboarding.

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for IoT is not enabled.

Page 180
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-defender/#overview
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-iot/
3. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/iot-defender/
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/baselines/defender-
for-iot-security-baseline
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/iot?view=azure-cli-latest
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-1-enable-threat-detection-capabilities
7. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/defender-for-iot/device-
builders/quickstart-onboard-iot-hub

Additional Information:
There are additional configurations for Microsoft Defender for IoT that allow for types of
deployments called hybrid or local. Both run on your physical infrastructure. These are
complicated setups and are primarily outside of the scope of a purely Azure benchmark.
Please see the references to consider these options for your organization.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

13.6 Collect Network Traffic Flow Logs

v8 Collect network traffic flow logs and/or network traffic to review and alert upon ● ●
from network devices.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 181
2.3 Microsoft Defender for External Attack Surface Monitoring

As more services are exposed to the public internet it is important to be able to monitor
the externally exposed surface of your Azure Tenant, to this end it is recommended that
tools that monitor this surface are implemented.
Microsoft have a new tool to do this in their Defender Suite of products. Defender
EASM, this tool is configured very simply to scan specified domains and report on them,
specific domains and addresses can be excluded from the scan.
Typically these tools will report on any vulnerability that is identified (CVE) and will also
identify ports and protocols that are open on devices.
Results are classified Critical/High/Medium & Low with proposed mitigations.

Page 182
3 Storage Accounts
This section covers security recommendations to follow to set storage account policies
on an Azure Subscription. An Azure storage account provides a unique namespace to
store and access Azure Storage data objects.

Page 183
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable data encryption in transit.
Rationale:
The secure transfer option enhances the security of a storage account by only allowing
requests to the storage account by a secure connection. For example, when calling
REST APIs to access storage accounts, the connection must use HTTPS. Any requests
using HTTP will be rejected when 'secure transfer required' is enabled. When using the
Azure files service, connection without encryption will fail, including scenarios using
SMB 2.1, SMB 3.0 without encryption, and some flavors of the Linux SMB client.
Because Azure storage doesn’t support HTTPS for custom domain names, this option is
not applied when using a custom domain name.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Configuration
3. Ensure that Secure transfer required is set to Enabled

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to ensure the Secure transfer required is enabled for all the
Storage Accounts by ensuring the output contains true for each of the Storage
Accounts.
az storage account list --query "[*].[name,enableHttpsTrafficOnly]"

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Configuration
3. Set Secure transfer required to Enabled

Page 184
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to enable Secure transfer required for a Storage Account
az storage account update --name <storageAccountName> --resource-group
<resourceGroupName> --https-only true

Default Value:
By default, Secure transfer required is set to Disabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/security-
recommendations#encryption-in-transit
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/storage/account?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_storage_account_list
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/storage/account?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_storage_account_update
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-encrypt-sensitive-information-in-transit

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

Page 185
3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each
Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to ‘enabled’ (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enabling encryption at the hardware level on top of the default software encryption for
Storage Accounts accessing Azure storage solutions.
Rationale:
Azure Storage automatically encrypts all data in a storage account at the network level
using 256-bit AES encryption, which is one of the strongest, FIPS 140-2-compliant block
ciphers available. Customers who require higher levels of assurance that their data is
secure can also enable 256-bit AES encryption at the Azure Storage infrastructure level
for double encryption. Double encryption of Azure Storage data protects against a
scenario where one of the encryption algorithms or keys may be compromised.
Similarly, data is encrypted even before network transmission and in all backups. In this
scenario, the additional layer of encryption continues to protect your data. For the most
secure implementation of key based encryption, it is recommended to use a Customer
Managed asymmetric RSA 2048 Key in Azure Key Vault.
Impact:
The read and write speeds to the storage will be impacted if both default encryption and
Infrastructure Encryption are checked, as a secondary form of encryption requires more
resource overhead for the cryptography of information. This performance impact should
be considered in an analysis for justifying use of the feature in your environment.
Customer-managed keys are recommended for the most secure implementation,
leading to overhead of key management. The key will also need to be backed up in a
secure location, as loss of the key will mean loss of the information in the storage.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Portal select the portal menu in the top left.
2. Select Storage Accounts.
3. Click on each storage account within each resource group you wish to audit.
4. In the overview, under Security, ensure Infrastructure encryption is set to
Enabled.

Page 186
From Azure CLI
az storage blob show \
--account-name <storage-account> \
--container-name <container> \
--name <blob> \
--query "properties.serverEncrypted"
From PowerShell
$account = Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName <resource-group> `
-Name <storage-account>
$blob = Get-AzStorageBlob -Context $account.Context `
-Container <container> `
-Blob <blob>
$blob.ICloudBlob.Properties.IsServerEncrypted

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. During Storage Account creation, in the Encryption tab, check the box next to
Enable infrastructure encryption.

From Azure CLI

Replace the information within <> with appropriate values:
az storage account create \
--name <storage-account> \
--resource-group <resource-group> \
--location <location> \
--sku Standard_RAGRS \
--kind StorageV2 \
--require-infrastructure-encryption
From PowerShell
Replace the information within <> with appropriate values:
New-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName <resource_group> `
-AccountName <storage-account> `
-Location <location> `
-SkuName "Standard_RAGRS" `
-Kind StorageV2 `
-RequireInfrastructureEncryption
Enabling Infrastructure Encryption after Storage Account Creation
If infrastructure encryption was not enabled on blob storage creation, there is no official
way to enable it. Please see the additional information section.
Default Value:
By default, Infrastructure Encryption is disabled in blob creation.

Page 187
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blob-encryption-
status
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-service-
encryption
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/infrastructure-
encryption-enable
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default

Additional Information:
The default service side encryption for Azure Storage is enabled on every block blob,
append blob, or page blob that was written to Azure Storage after October 20, 2017.
Hardware encryption, however, cannot be enabled on a blob storage after its creation.
There are ways to copy all data from a blob storage into another or download and
reupload into another blob storage. This could result in data loss and is not
recommended.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

Page 188
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
each Storage Account (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Access Keys authenticate application access requests to data contained in Storage
Accounts. A periodic rotation of these keys is recommended to ensure that potentially
compromised keys cannot result in a long-term exploitable credential. The "Rotation
Reminder" is an automatic reminder feature for a manual procedure.
Rationale:
Reminders such as those generated by this recommendation will help maintain a
regular and healthy cadence for activities which improve the overall efficacy of a
security program.
Cryptographic key rotation periods will vary depending on your organization's security
requirements and the type of data which is being stored in the Storage Account. For
example, PCI DSS mandates that cryptographic keys be replaced or rotated 'regularly,'
and advises that keys for static data stores be rotated every 'few months.'
For the purposes of this recommendation, 90 days will prescribed for the reminder.
Review and adjustment of the 90 day period is recommended, and may even be
necessary. Your organization's security requirements should dictate the appropriate
setting.
Impact:
This recommendation only creates a periodic reminder to regenerate access keys.
Regenerating access keys can affect services in Azure as well as the organization's
applications that are dependent on the storage account. All clients that use the access
key to access the storage account must be updated to use the new key.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each Storage Account, go to Access keys
3. Click Set rotation reminder

If the checkbox for Enable key rotation reminders is already checked, that Storage
Account is compliant. Review the Remind me every field for a desirable periodic setting
that fits your security program's needs.

Page 189
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each Storage Account that is not compliant, go to Access keys
3. Click Set rotation reminder
4. Check Enable key rotation reminders
5. In the Send reminders field select Custom, then set the Remind me every field to
90 and the period drop down to Days.
6. Click Save

Default Value:
By default, Key rotation reminders is not configured.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-create-storage-
account#regenerate-storage-access-keys
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-2-manage-application-identities-securely-and-
automatically
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-8-restrict-the-exposure-of-credential-and-secrets
7. https://www.pcidssguide.com/pci-dss-key-rotation-requirements/
8. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-57pt1r5.pdf

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.1 Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process

Establish and maintain a secure configuration process for enterprise assets
v8 (end-user devices, including portable and mobile, non-computing/IoT devices, and
servers) and software (operating systems and applications). Review and update
● ● ●
documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could
impact this Safeguard.

Page 190
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

v8 13.11 Tune Security Event Alerting Thresholds ●

Tune security event alerting thresholds monthly, or more frequently.

6.8 Regularly Tune SIEM

v7 On a regular basis, tune your SIEM system to better identify actionable events ●
and decrease event noise.

11.3 Use Automated Tools to Verify Standard Device

Configurations and Detect Changes
v7 Compare all network device configuration against approved security ● ●
configurations defined for each network device in use and alert when any deviations
are discovered.

Page 191
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are Periodically
Regenerated (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For increased security, regenerate storage account access keys periodically.
Rationale:
When a storage account is created, Azure generates two 512-bit storage access keys
which are used for authentication when the storage account is accessed. Rotating these
keys periodically ensures that any inadvertent access or exposure does not result from
the compromise of these keys.
Cryptographic key rotation periods will vary depending on your organization's security
requirements and the type of data which is being stored in the Storage Account. For
example, PCI DSS mandates that cryptographic keys be replaced or rotated 'regularly,'
and advises that keys for static data stores be rotated every 'few months.'
For the purposes of this recommendation, 90 days will prescribed for the reminder.
Review and adjustment of the 90 day period is recommended, and may even be
necessary. Your organization's security requirements should dictate the appropriate
setting.
Impact:
Regenerating access keys can affect services in Azure as well as the organization's
applications that are dependent on the storage account. All clients who use the access
key to access the storage account must be updated to use the new key.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each Storage Account, go to Access keys
3. Review the date in the Last rotated field for each key.

If the Last rotated field indicates value greater than 90 day [or greater than your
organization's period of validity], the key should be rotated.

Page 192
From Azure CLI

1. Get a list of storage accounts

az storage account list --subscription <subscription-id>

Make a note of id, name and resourceGroup.

2. For every storage account make sure that key is regenerated in past 90 days.

az monitor activity-log list --namespace Microsoft.Storage --offset 90d --

query "[?contains(authorization.action, 'regenerateKey')]" --resource-id
<resource id>
The output should contain
"authorization"/"scope": <your_storage_account> AND "authorization"/"action":
"Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/regeneratekey/action" AND
"status"/"localizedValue": "Succeeded" "status"/"Value": "Succeeded"

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each Storage Account with outdated keys, go to Access keys
3. Click Rotate key next to the outdated key, then click Yes to the prompt confirming
that you want to regenerate the access key.

After Azure regenerates the Access Key, you can confirm that Access keys reflects a
Last rotated date of (0 days ago).

Default Value:
By default, access keys are not regenerated periodically.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-create-storage-
account#regenerate-storage-access-keys
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-1-protect-and-limit-highly-privileged-users
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-2-restrict-administrative-access-to-business-critical-
systems
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-2-manage-application-identities-securely-and-
automatically
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

Page 193
 6. https://www.pcidssguide.com/pci-dss-key-rotation-requirements/
7. https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-57pt1r5.pdf

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.6 Securely Manage Enterprise Assets and Software

Securely manage enterprise assets and software. Example implementations
include managing configuration through version-controlled-infrastructure-as-code
v8 and accessing administrative interfaces over secure network protocols, such as ● ● ●
Secure Shell (SSH) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS). Do not use
insecure management protocols, such as Telnet (Teletype Network) and HTTP,
unless operationally essential.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1026

Page 194
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service for
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
The Storage Queue service stores messages that may be read by any client who has
access to the storage account. A queue can contain an unlimited number of messages,
each of which can be up to 64KB in size using version 2011-08-18 or newer. Storage
Logging happens server-side and allows details for both successful and failed requests
to be recorded in the storage account. These logs allow users to see the details of read,
write, and delete operations against the queues. Storage Logging log entries contain the
following information about individual requests: Timing information such as start time,
end-to-end latency, and server latency, authentication details, concurrency information,
and the sizes of the request and response messages.
Rationale:
Storage Analytics logs contain detailed information about successful and failed requests
to a storage service. This information can be used to monitor individual requests and to
diagnose issues with a storage service. Requests are logged on a best-effort basis.
Storage Analytics logging is not enabled by default for your storage account.
Impact:
Enabling this setting can have a high impact on the cost of the log analytics service and
data storage used by logging more data per each request. Do not enable this without
determining your need for this level of logging, and do not forget to check in on data
usage and projected cost. Some users have seen their logging costs increase from $10
per month to $10,000 per month.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Storage Accounts.
2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings (classic) blade from Monitoring (classic)
section.
4. Ensure the Status is set to On, if set to Off.
5. Select Queue properties.
6. Ensure Read Write Delete options are selected under the Logging section.

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From Azure CLI
Ensure the below command's output contains properties delete, read and write set to
true.
az storage logging show --services q --account-name <storageAccountName>

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts.
2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings (classic) blade from Monitoring (classic)
section.
4. Set the Status to On, if set to Off.
5. Select Queue properties.
6. Select Read, Write and Delete options under the Logging section to enable
Storage Logging for Queue service.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable the Storage Logging for Queue service.
az storage logging update --account-name <storageAccountName> --account-key
<storageAccountKey> --services q --log rwd --retention 90

Default Value:
By default storage account queue services are not logged.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/about-storage-
analytics-logging
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/storage/logging?view=azure-cli-latest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-logging-for-azure-resources
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/queues/monitor-queue-
storage?tabs=azure-portal

Additional Information:
We cannot practically generalize detailed audit log requirements for every queue due to
their nature and intent. This recommendation may be applicable to storage account
queue services where the security is paramount.

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CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
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techniques

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3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire Within
an Hour (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Expire shared access signature tokens within an hour.
Rationale:
A shared access signature (SAS) is a URI that grants restricted access rights to Azure
Storage resources. A shared access signature can be provided to clients who should
not be trusted with the storage account key but for whom it may be necessary to
delegate access to certain storage account resources. Providing a shared access
signature URI to these clients allows them access to a resource for a specified period of
time. This time should be set as low as possible and preferably no longer than an hour.
Audit:
Currently, SAS token expiration times cannot be audited. Until Microsoft makes token
expiration time a setting rather than a token creation parameter, this recommendation
would require a manual verification.
Remediation:
When generating shared access signature tokens, use start and end time such that it
falls within an hour.
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Shared access signature
3. Set Start and expiry date/time within an hour

Default Value:
By default, expiration for shared access signature is set to 8 hours.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/delegating-access-
with-a-shared-access-signature
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-sas-overview

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CIS Controls:

Controls
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Version

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1098 TA0003 M1026

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3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
accounts with blob containers (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Disallowing public access for a storage account overrides the public access settings for
individual containers in that storage account.
Rationale:
The default configuration for a storage account permits a user with appropriate
permissions to configure public (anonymous) access to containers and blobs in a
storage account. Keep in mind that public access to a container is always turned off by
default and must be explicitly configured to permit anonymous requests. It grants read-
only access to these resources without sharing the account key, and without requiring a
shared access signature. It is recommended not to provide anonymous access to blob
containers until, and unless, it is strongly desired. A shared access signature token or
Azure AD RBAC should be used for providing controlled and timed access to blob
containers. If no anonymous access is needed on any container in the storage account,
it’s recommended to set allowBlobPublicAccess false at the account level, which forbids
any container to accept anonymous access in the future.
Impact:
Access will have to be managed using shared access signatures or via Azure AD
RBAC.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to the Networking setting under Security +
networking
3. Ensure the Public Network Access setting is set to Disabled.

From Azure CLI

Ensure publicNetworkAccess is Disabled
az storage account show --name <storage-account> --resource-group <resource-
group> --query "{publicNetworkAccess:publicNetworkAccess}"
From PowerShell
For each Storage Account, ensure PublicNetworkAccess is Disabled

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Get-AzStorageAccount -Name <storage account name> -ResourceGroupName
<resource group name> |select PublicNetworkAccess

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Remediation:
From Azure Portal
First, follow Microsoft documentation and create shared access signature tokens for
your blob containers. Then,

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Networking in Security + networking
3. Set Public Network Access to Disabled if no anonymous access is needed on
the storage account

From Azure CLI

Set 'Public Network Access' to Disabled on the storage account
az storage account update --name <storage-account> --resource-group
<resource-group> --public-network-access Disabled
From PowerShell
For each Storage Account, run the following to set the PublicNetworkAccess setting to
Disabled

Set-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <storage

account name> -PublicNetworkAccess Disabled

Default Value:
By default, Public Network Access is set to Enabled from all networks for the Storage
Account.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-manage-access-to-
resources
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/anonymous-read-access-
prevent
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-and-implement-enterprise-
segmentationseparation-of-duties-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/anonymous-read-access-
configure
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/assign-azure-role-data-
access

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CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1037

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3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage Accounts is
Set to Deny (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Restricting default network access helps to provide a new layer of security, since
storage accounts accept connections from clients on any network. To limit access to
selected networks, the default action must be changed.
Rationale:
Storage accounts should be configured to deny access to traffic from all networks
(including internet traffic). Access can be granted to traffic from specific Azure Virtual
networks, allowing a secure network boundary for specific applications to be built.
Access can also be granted to public internet IP address ranges to enable connections
from specific internet or on-premises clients. When network rules are configured, only
applications from allowed networks can access a storage account. When calling from an
allowed network, applications continue to require proper authorization (a valid access
key or SAS token) to access the storage account.
Impact:
All allowed networks will need to be whitelisted on each specific network, creating
administrative overhead. This may result in loss of network connectivity, so do not turn
on for critical resources during business hours.
Audit:
From Azure Console

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, Click on the Networking blade.
3. Click the Firewalls and virtual networks heading.
4. Ensure that Allow access from All networks is not selected.

From Azure CLI

Ensure defaultAction is not set to Allow.
az storage account list --query '[*].networkRuleSet'
From PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Set-AzContext -Subscription <subscription ID>
Get-AzStorageAccountNetworkRuleset -ResourceGroupName <resource group> -Name
<storage account name> |Select-Object DefaultAction

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PowerShell Result - Non-Compliant
DefaultAction : Allow
PowerShell Result - Compliant
DefaultAction : Deny

Remediation:
From Azure Console

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, Click on the Networking blade
3. Click the Firewalls and virtual networks heading.
4. Ensure that you have elected to allow access from Selected networks
5. Add rules to allow traffic from specific network.
6. Click Save to apply your changes.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to update default-action to Deny.
az storage account update --name <StorageAccountName> --resource-group
<resourceGroupName> --default-action Deny

Default Value:
By default, Storage Accounts will accept connections from clients on any network.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-network-
security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-2-define-and-implement-enterprise-
segmentationseparation-of-duties-strategy
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

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 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

13.3 Monitor and Block Unauthorized Network Traffic

v7 Deploy an automated tool on network perimeters that monitors for
unauthorized transfer of sensitive information and blocks such transfers while
●
alerting information security professionals.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1037

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3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list to
access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage Account
Access (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Some Azure services that interact with storage accounts operate from networks that
can't be granted access through network rules. To help this type of service work as
intended, allow the set of trusted Azure services to bypass the network rules. These
services will then use strong authentication to access the storage account. If the Allow
trusted Azure services exception is enabled, the following services are granted access
to the storage account: Azure Backup, Azure Site Recovery, Azure DevTest Labs,
Azure Event Grid, Azure Event Hubs, Azure Networking, Azure Monitor, and Azure SQL
Data Warehouse (when registered in the subscription).
Rationale:
Turning on firewall rules for storage account will block access to incoming requests for
data, including from other Azure services. We can re-enable this functionality by
enabling "Trusted Azure Services" through networking exceptions.

Impact:
This creates authentication credentials for services that need access to storage
resources so that services will no longer need to communicate via network request.
There may be a temporary loss of communication as you set each Storage Account. It
is recommended to not do this on mission-critical resources during business hours.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, Click on the Networking blade
3. Click on the Firewalls and virtual networks heading.
4. Ensure that Enabled from selected virtual networks and IP addresses is
selected.
5. Ensure that Allow Azure services on the trusted services list to access
this storage account is checked in Exceptions.

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From Azure CLI
Ensure bypass contains AzureServices
az storage account list --query '[*].networkRuleSet'
From PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Set-AzContext -Subscription <subscription ID>
Get-AzStorageAccountNetworkRuleset -ResourceGroupName <resource group> -Name
<storage account name> |Select-Object Bypass
If the resultant output from the above command shows 'NULL', that storage account
configuration is out of compliance with this check. If the result of the above command
shows 'AzureServices', that storage account configuration is in compliance with this
check.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, Click on the Networking blade
3. Click on the Firewalls and virtual networks heading.
4. Ensure that Enabled from selected virtual networks and IP addresses is
selected.
5. Under the 'Exceptions' label, enable check box for Allow Azure services on the
trusted services list to access this storage account.
6. Click Save to apply your changes.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to update Azure services.
az storage account update --name <StorageAccountName> --resource-group
<resourceGroupName> --bypass AzureServices

Default Value:
By default, Storage Accounts will accept connections from clients on any network.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-network-
security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

Page 208
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

13.5 Manage Access Control for Remote Assets

Manage access control for assets remotely connecting to enterprise resources.
v8 Determine amount of access to enterprise resources based on: up-to-date anti-
malware software installed, configuration compliance with the enterprise’s secure
● ●
configuration process, and ensuring the operating system and applications are up-
to-date.

13.3 Monitor and Block Unauthorized Network Traffic

v7 Deploy an automated tool on network perimeters that monitors for unauthorized
transfer of sensitive information and blocks such transfers while alerting information
●
security professionals.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1037

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3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage
Accounts (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Use private endpoints for your Azure Storage accounts to allow clients and services to
securely access data located over a network via an encrypted Private Link. To do this,
the private endpoint uses an IP address from the VNet for each service. Network traffic
between disparate services securely traverses encrypted over the VNet. This VNet can
also link addressing space, extending your network and accessing resources on it.
Similarly, it can be a tunnel through public networks to connect remote infrastructures
together. This creates further security through segmenting network traffic and
preventing outside sources from accessing it.
Rationale:
Securing traffic between services through encryption protects the data from easy
interception and reading.
Impact:
There is no cost in deploying VNets between Azure resources. If improperly
implemented, it may result in loss of critical network traffic.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the Storage Accounts blade.

2. For each listed Storage Account, perform the following check:
3. Under the Security + networking heading, click on Networking.
4. Click on the Private Endpoint Connections tab at the top of the networking
window.
5. Ensure that for each VNet that the Storage Account must be accessed from, a
unique Private Endpoint is deployed and the Connection State for each Private
Endpoint is Approved

Repeat the procedure for each Storage Account.

From PowerShell

Page 210
$storageAccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroup '<ResourceGroupName>' -
Name '<storageaccountname>'

Get-AzPrivateEndpoint -ResourceGroup '<ResourceGroupName>'|Where-Object

{$_.PrivateLinkServiceConnectionsText -match $storageAccount.id}

If the results of the second command returns information, the Storage Account is using
a Private Endpoint and complies with this Benchmark, otherwise if the results of the
second command are empty, the Storage Account generates a finding.

From Azure CLI

az storage account show --name '<storage account name>' --query
"privateEndpointConnections[0].id"

If the above command returns data, the Storage Account complies with this Benchmark,
otherwise if the results are empty, the Storage Account generates a finding.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the Storage Accounts blade

2. For each listed Storage Account, perform the following:
3. Under the Security + networking heading, click on Networking
4. Click on the Private Endpoint Connections tab at the top of the networking
window
5. Click the +Private endpoint button
6. In the 1 - Basics tab/step:
o
Enter a name that will be easily recognizable as associated with the
Storage Account (Note: The "Network Interface Name" will be
automatically completed, but you can customize it if needed.)
o Ensure that the Region matches the region of the Storage Account
o Click Next
7. In the 2 - Resource tab/step:
o Select the target sub-resource based on what type of storage resource
is being made available
o Click Next
8. In the 3 - Virtual Network tab/step:
o Select the Virtual network that your Storage Account will be connecting
to
o Select the Subnet that your Storage Account will be connecting to
o (Optional) Select other network settings as appropriate for your
environment
o Click Next

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9. In the 4 - DNS tab/step:
o (Optional) Select other DNS settings as appropriate for your environment
o Click Next
10. In the 5 - Tags tab/step:
o (Optional) Set any tags that are relevant to your organization
o Click Next

Page 212
 11. In the 6 - Review + create tab/step:
o A validation attempt will be made and after a few moments it should
indicate Validation Passed - if it does not pass, double-check your
settings before beginning more in depth troubleshooting.
o If validation has passed, click Create then wait for a few minutes for the
scripted deployment to complete.

Repeat the above procedure for each Private Endpoint required within every Storage
Account.

From PowerShell
$storageAccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName
'<ResourceGroupName>' -Name '<storageaccountname>'

$privateEndpointConnection = @{
Name = 'connectionName'
PrivateLinkServiceId = $storageAccount.Id
GroupID =
"blob|blob_secondary|file|file_secondary|table|table_secondary|queue|queue_se
condary|web|web_secondary|dfs|dfs_secondary"
}

$privateLinkServiceConnection = New-AzPrivateLinkServiceConnection
@privateEndpointConnection

$virtualNetDetails = Get-AzVirtualNetwork -ResourceGroupName

'<ResourceGroupName>' -Name '<name>'

$privateEndpoint = @{
ResourceGroupName = '<ResourceGroupName>'
Name = '<PrivateEndpointName>'
Location = '<location>'
Subnet = $virtualNetDetails.Subnets[0]
PrivateLinkServiceConnection =
$privateLinkServiceConnection
}

New-AzPrivateEndpoint @privateEndpoint

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From Azure CLI
az network private-endpoint create --resource-group <ResourceGroupName --
location <location> --name <private endpoint name> --vnet-name <VNET Name> --
subnet <subnet name> --private-connection-resource-id <storage account ID> --
connection-name <private link service connection name> --group-id
<blob|blob_secondary|file|file_secondary|table|table_secondary|queue|queue_se
condary|web|web_secondary|dfs|dfs_secondary>

Default Value:
By default, Private Endpoints are not created for Storage Accounts.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-private-
endpoints
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-overview
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/create-private-endpoint-portal
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/create-private-endpoint-
cli?tabs=dynamic-ip
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/create-private-endpoint-
powershell?tabs=dynamic-ip
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/tutorial-private-endpoint-
storage-portal
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

Additional Information:
A NAT gateway is the recommended solution for outbound internet access.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

14.1 Segment the Network Based on Sensitivity

v7 Segment the network based on the label or classification level of the
information stored on the servers, locate all sensitive information on separated
● ●
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs).

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MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1537 TA0010 M1037

Page 215
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and Blob
Storage (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
The Azure Storage blobs contain data like ePHI or Financial, which can be secret or
personal. Data that is erroneously modified or deleted by an application or other storage
account user will cause data loss or unavailability.
It is recommended that both Azure Containers with attached Blob Storage and
standalone containers with Blob Storage be made recoverable by enabling the soft
delete configuration. This is to save and recover data when blobs or blob snapshots are
deleted.
Rationale:
Containers and Blob Storage data can be incorrectly deleted. An attacker/malicious
user may do this deliberately in order to cause disruption. Deleting an Azure Storage
blob causes immediate data loss. Enabling this configuration for Azure storage ensures
that even if blobs/data were deleted from the storage account, Blobs/data objects are
recoverable for a particular time which is set in the "Retention policies," ranging from 7
days to 365 days.
Impact:
Additional storage costs may be incurred as snapshots are retained.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. From the Azure home page, open the hamburger menu in the top left or click on
the arrow pointing right with 'More services' underneath.
2. Select Storage.
3. Select Storage Accounts.
4. For each Storage Account, navigate to Data protection in the left scroll column.
5. Ensure that soft delete is checked for both blobs and containers. Also check if
the retention period is a sufficient length for your organization.

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From Azure CLI
Blob Storage
Ensure that the output of the below command contains enabled status as true and days
is not empty or null
az storage blob service-properties delete-policy show --account-name
<StorageAccountName> --account-key <accountkey>
Azure Containers
Make certain that the --enable-container-delete-retention is 'true'.
az storage account blob-service-properties show
--account-name <StorageAccountName>
--account-key <accountkey>
--resource-group <resource_group>

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From the Azure home page, open the hamburger menu in the top left or click on
the arrow pointing right with 'More services' underneath.
2. Select Storage.
3. Select Storage Accounts.
4. For each Storage Account, navigate to Data protection in the left scroll column.
5. Check soft delete for both blobs and containers. Set the retention period to a
sufficient length for your organization.

From Azure CLI

Update blob storage retention days in below command
az storage blob service-properties delete-policy update --days-retained
<RetentionDaysValue> --account-name <StorageAccountName> --account-key
<AccountKey> --enable true
Update container retention with the below command
az storage account blob-service-properties update
--enable-container-delete-retention true
--container-delete-retention-days <days>
--account-name <storage-account>
--resource-group <resource_group>
--account-key <AccountKey>

Default Value:
When a new storage account is created, soft delete for containers and blob storage is
by default disabled.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/storage-blob-soft-delete
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/soft-delete-container-
overview

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 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/soft-delete-container-
enable?tabs=azure-portal

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

11.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Recovery Process

Establish and maintain a data recovery process. In the process, address the
v8 scope of data recovery activities, recovery prioritization, and the security of backup ● ● ●
data. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise
changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.

10.4 Ensure Protection of Backups

v7 Ensure that backups are properly protected via physical security or encryption
when they are stored, as well as when they are moved across the network. This
● ● ●
includes remote backups and cloud services.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

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3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with
Customer Managed Keys (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable sensitive data encryption at rest using Customer Managed Keys rather than
Microsoft Managed keys.
Rationale:
By default, data in the storage account is encrypted using Microsoft Managed Keys at
rest. All Azure Storage resources are encrypted, including blobs, disks, files, queues,
and tables. All object metadata is also encrypted. If you want to control and manage this
encryption key yourself, however, you can specify a customer-managed key. That key is
used to protect and control access to the key that encrypts your data. You can also
choose to automatically update the key version used for Azure Storage encryption
whenever a new version is available in the associated Key Vault.
Impact:
If the key expires by setting the 'activation date' and 'expiration date', the user must
rotate the key manually.
Using Customer Managed Keys may also incur additional man-hour requirements to
create, store, manage, and protect the keys as needed.
Audit:
From Azure Console:

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Encryption
3. Ensure that Encryption type is set to Customer Managed Keys

From PowerShell
Connect-AzAccount
Set-AzContext -Subscription <subscription id>
Get-AzStorageAccount |Select-Object -ExpandProperty Encryption
PowerShell Results - Non-Compliant
KeySource : Microsoft.Storage
PowerShell Results - Compliant
KeySource : Microsoft.Keyvault

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Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Storage Accounts
2. For each storage account, go to Encryption
3. Set Customer Managed Keys
4. Select the Encryption key and enter the appropriate setting value
5. Click Save

Default Value:
By default, Encryption type is set to Microsoft Managed Keys.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-service-
encryption
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/data-encryption-
best-practices#protect-data-at-rest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-service-
encryption#azure-storage-encryption-versus-disk-encryption
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-use-customer-managed-key-option-in-data-at-rest-
encryption-when-required

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

Page 220
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 221
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
The Storage Blob service provides scalable, cost-efficient object storage in the cloud.
Storage Logging happens server-side and allows details for both successful and failed
requests to be recorded in the storage account. These logs allow users to see the
details of read, write, and delete operations against the blobs. Storage Logging log
entries contain the following information about individual requests: timing information
such as start time, end-to-end latency, and server latency; authentication details;
concurrency information; and the sizes of the request and response messages.
Rationale:
Storage Analytics logs contain detailed information about successful and failed requests
to a storage service. This information can be used to monitor each individual request to
a storage service for increased security or diagnostics. Requests are logged on a best-
effort basis.
Storage Analytics logging is not enabled by default for your storage account.
Impact:
Being a level 2, enabling this setting can have a high impact on the cost of data storage
used for logging more data per each request. Do not enable this without determining
your need for this level of logging or forget to check in on data usage and projected
cost.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From the default portal page select Storage Accounts.

2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings under the Monitoring section in the left column.
4. Select the 'blob' tab indented below the storage account. Then select the
diagnostic setting listed.
5. Ensure StorageRead, StorageWrite, and StorageDelete options are selected
under the Logging section and that they are sent to the correct destination.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the below command's output contains properties delete, read and write set to
true.

Page 222
az storage logging show --services b --account-name <storageAccountName>

Page 223
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From the default portal page select Storage Accounts.

2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings under the Monitoring section in the left column.
4. Select the 'blob' tab indented below the storage account.
5. Click '+ Add diagnostic setting'.
6. Select StorageRead, StorageWrite and StorageDelete options under the Logging
section to enable Storage Logging for Blob service.
7. Select a destination for your logs to be sent to.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable the Storage Logging for Blob service.
az storage logging update --account-name <storageAccountName> --account-key
<storageAccountKey> --services b --log rwd --retention 90

Default Value:
By default, storage account blob service logging is disabled for read, write, and delete
operations.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/about-storage-
analytics-logging
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/storage/logging?view=azure-cli-latest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

Additional Information:
We cannot practically generalize detailed audit log requirements for every blob due to
their nature and intent. This recommendation may be applicable to storage account blob
service where the security is paramount.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

Page 224
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 225
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Azure Table storage is a service that stores structured NoSQL data in the cloud,
providing a key/attribute store with a schema-less design. Storage Logging happens
server-side and allows details for both successful and failed requests to be recorded in
the storage account. These logs allow users to see the details of read, write, and delete
operations against the tables. Storage Logging log entries contain the following
information about individual requests: timing information such as start time, end-to-end
latency, and server latency; authentication details; concurrency information; and the
sizes of the request and response messages.
Rationale:
Storage Analytics logs contain detailed information about successful and failed requests
to a storage service. This information can be used to monitor each individual request to
a storage service for increased security or diagnostics. Requests are logged on a best-
effort basis.
Storage Analytics logging is not enabled by default for your storage account.
Impact:
Being a level 2, enabling this setting can have a high impact on the cost of data storage
used for logging more data per each request. Do not enable this without determining
your need for this level of logging or forget to check in on data usage and projected
cost.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From the default portal page select Storage Accounts.

2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings under the Monitoring section in the left column.
4. Select the 'table' tab indented below the storage account. Then select the
diagnostic setting listed.
5. Ensure StorageRead, StorageWrite, and StorageDelete options are selected
under the Logging section and that they are sent to the correct destination.

Page 226
From Azure CLI
Ensure the below command's output contains properties delete, read and write set to
true.
az storage logging show --services t --account-name <storageAccountName>

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From the default portal page select Storage Accounts.

2. Select the specific Storage Account.
3. Click the Diagnostics settings under the Monitoring section in the left column.
4. Select the 'table' tab indented below the storage account.
5. Click '+ Add diagnostic setting'.
6. Select StorageRead, StorageWrite and StorageDelete options under the Logging
section to enable Storage Logging for Table service.
7. Select a destination for your logs to be sent to.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable the Storage Logging for Table service.
az storage logging update --account-name <storageAccountName> --account-key
<storageAccountKey> --services t --log rwd --retention 90

Default Value:
By default, storage account table service logging is disabled for read, write, an delete
operations
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/about-storage-
analytics-logging
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/storage/logging?view=azure-cli-latest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-logging-for-azure-resources

Additional Information:
We cannot practically generalize detailed audit log requirements for every table due to
their nature and intent. This recommendation may be applicable to storage account
table service where the security is paramount.

Page 227
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 228
3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts is
set to "Version 1.2" (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
In some cases, Azure Storage sets the minimum TLS version to be version 1.0 by
default. TLS 1.0 is a legacy version and has known vulnerabilities. This minimum TLS
version can be configured to be later protocols such as TLS 1.2.
Rationale:
TLS 1.0 has known vulnerabilities and has been replaced by later versions of the TLS
protocol. Continued use of this legacy protocol affects the security of data in transit.
Impact:
When set to TLS 1.2 all requests must leverage this version of the protocol. Applications
leveraging legacy versions of the protocol will fail.
Audit:
From Azure Console

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Storage Accounts
3. Click on each Storage Account
4. Under Setting section, Click on Configuration
5. Ensure that the minimum TLS version is set to be Version 1.2

From Azure CLI

Get a list of all storage accounts and their resource groups
az storage account list | jq '.[] | {name, resourceGroup}'
Then query the minimumTLSVersion field
az storage account show \
--name <storage-account> \
--resource-group <resource-group> \
--query minimumTlsVersion \
--output tsv
From Azure PowerShell
To get the minimum TLS version, run the following command:
(Get-AzStorageAccount -Name <STORAGEACCOUNTNAME> -ResourceGroupName
<RESOURCEGROUPNAME>).MinimumTlsVersion

Page 229
Remediation:
From Azure Console

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Storage Accounts
3. Click on each Storage Account
4. Under Setting section, Click on Configuration
5. Set the minimum TLS version to be Version 1.2

From Azure CLI

az storage account update \
--name <storage-account> \
--resource-group <resource-group> \
--min-tls-version TLS1_2
From Azure PowerShell
To set the minimum TLS version, run the following command:
Set-AzStorageAccount -AccountName <STORAGEACCOUNTNAME> `
-ResourceGroupName <RESOURCEGROUPNAME> `
-MinimumTlsVersion TLS1_2

Default Value:
If a storage account is created through the portal, the MinimumTlsVersion property for
that storage account will be set to TLS 1.2.
If a storage account is created through PowerShell or CLI, the MinimumTlsVersion
property for that storage account will not be set, and defaults to TLS 1.0.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/transport-layer-security-
configure-minimum-version?tabs=portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-3-encrypt-sensitive-data-in-transit

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

Page 230
4 Database Services
This section covers security recommendations to follow to set general database
services policies on an Azure Subscription. Subsections will address specific database
types.

Page 231
4.1 SQL Server - Auditing

Auditing for Azure SQL Servers and SQL Databases tracks database events and writes
them to an audit log Azure storage account, Log Analytics workspace or Event Hubs.
Auditing helps to maintain regulatory compliance, understand database activity, and
gain insight into discrepancies and anomalies that could indicate business concerns or
suspected security violations. Auditing enables and facilitates adherence to compliance
standards, although it doesn't guarantee compliance.
The Default SQL Server Auditing profile set for SQL server is inherited by all the SQL
Databases which are part of the SQL server.

Page 232
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable auditing on SQL Servers.
Rationale:
The Azure platform allows a SQL server to be created as a service. Enabling auditing at
the server level ensures that all existing and newly created databases on the SQL
server instance are audited. Auditing policy applied on the SQL database does not
override auditing policy and settings applied on the particular SQL server where the
database is hosted.
Auditing tracks database events and writes them to an audit log in the Azure storage
account. It also helps to maintain regulatory compliance, understand database activity,
and gain insight into discrepancies and anomalies that could indicate business concerns
or suspected security violations.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each server instance
3. Click on Auditing
4. Ensure that Enable Azure SQL Auditing is set to On

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AzSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -ServerName
<SQLServerName>
Ensure that BlobStorageTargetState, EventHubTargetState, or
LogAnalyticsTargetState is set to Enabled.

Page 233
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select the SQL server instance
3. Under Security, click Auditing
4. Click the toggle next to Enable Azure SQL Auditing
5. Select an Audit log destination
6. Click Save

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AzSqlServer
For each Server, enable auditing and set the retention for at least 90 days.
Log Analytics Example
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName
<SQL Server name> -RetentionInDays <Number of Days to retain the audit logs,
should be 90days minimum> -LogAnalyticsTargetState Enabled -
WorkspaceResourceId "/subscriptions/<subscription
ID>/resourceGroups/insights-
integration/providers/Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/<workspace
name>
Event Hub Example
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -ServerName
"<SQL Server name>" -EventHubTargetState Enabled -EventHubName
"<Event Hub name>" -EventHubAuthorizationRuleResourceId "<Event Hub
Authorization Rule Resource ID>"
Blob Storage Example*
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -ServerName
"<SQL Server name>" -BlobStorageTargetState Enabled
-StorageAccountResourceId
"/subscriptions/<subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/<Resource_Group>/providers/M
icrosoft.Stora
ge/storageAccounts/<Storage Account name>"

Default Value:
By default, Enable Azure SQL Auditing is set to Off.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-enable-
auditing-on-sql-servers
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-
azurermsqlserverauditing?view=azurermps-5.2.0

Page 234
 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/set-
azurermsqlserverauditingpolicy?view=azurermps-5.2.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-auditing
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

Additional Information:

• A server policy applies to all existing and newly created databases on the server.
• If server blob auditing is enabled, it always applies to the database. The
database will be audited, regardless of the database auditing settings. Auditing
type table is already deprecated leaving only type blob available.
• Enabling blob auditing on the database, in addition to enabling it on the server,
does not override or change any of the settings of the server blob auditing. Both
audits will exist side by side. In other words, the database is audited twice in
parallel; once by the server policy and once by the database policy.

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 235
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that no SQL Databases allow ingress from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP).
Rationale:
Azure SQL Server includes a firewall to block access to unauthorized connections.
More granular IP addresses can be defined by referencing the range of addresses
available from specific datacenters.
By default, for a SQL server, a Firewall exists with StartIp of 0.0.0.0 and EndIP of
0.0.0.0 allowing access to all the Azure services.
Additionally, a custom rule can be set up with StartIp of 0.0.0.0 and EndIP of
255.255.255.255 allowing access from ANY IP over the Internet.
In order to reduce the potential attack surface for a SQL server, firewall rules should be
defined with more granular IP addresses by referencing the range of addresses
available from specific datacenters.
Impact:
Disabling Allow Azure services and resources to access this server will break all
connections to SQL server and Hosted Databases unless custom IP specific rules are
added in Firewall Policy.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each SQL server
3. Click on Networking
4. Ensure that Allow Azure services and resources to access this server is
Unchecked
5. Ensure that no firewall rule exists with

• Start IP of 0.0.0.0
• or other combinations which allows access to wider public IP ranges

Page 236
From Azure CLI
List all SQL servers
az sql server list
For each SQL server run the following command
az sql server firewall-rule list --resource-group <resource group name> --
server <sql server name>
Ensure the output does not contain any firewall allow rules with a source of 0.0.0.0, or
any rules named AllowAllWindowsAzureIps
From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AzSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
ServerName <server name>
Ensure that StartIpAddress is not set to 0.0.0.0, /0 or other combinations which allows
access to wider public IP ranges including Windows Azure IP ranges. Also ensure that
FirewallRuleName doesn't contain
AllowAllWindowsAzureIps which is the rule created when the Allow Azure services
and resources to access this server setting is enabled for that SQL Server.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each SQL server
3. Click on Networking
4. Uncheck the checkbox for Allow Azure services and resources to access this
server
5. Set firewall rules to limit access to only authorized connections

From Azure CLI

Disable default firewall rule Allow access to Azure services:
az sql server firewall-rule delete --resource-group <resource group> --server
<sql server name> --name "AllowAllWindowsAzureIps"
Remove a custom firewall rule:
az sql server firewall-rule delete --resource-group <resource group> --server
<sql server name> --name <firewall rule name>
Create a firewall rule:
az sql server firewall-rule create --resource-group <resource group> --server
<sql server name> --name <firewall rule name> --start-ip-address "<IP Address
other than 0.0.0.0>" --end-ip-address "<IP Address other than 0.0.0.0 or
255.255.255.255>"

Page 237
Update a firewall rule:
az sql server firewall-rule update --resource-group <resource group> --server
<sql server name> --name <firewall rule name> --start-ip-address "<IP Address
other than 0.0.0.0>" --end-ip-address "<IP Address other than 0.0.0.0 or
255.255.255.255>"

From PowerShell
Disable Default Firewall Rule Allow access to Azure services :
Remove-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -FirewallRuleName "AllowAllWindowsAzureIps" -
ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName <server name>
Remove a custom Firewall rule:
Remove-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -FirewallRuleName "<firewall rule name>" -
ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName <server name>
Set the appropriate firewall rules:
Set-AzSqlServerFirewallRule -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
ServerName <server name> -FirewallRuleName "<firewall rule name>" -
StartIpAddress "<IP Address other than 0.0.0.0>" -EndIpAddress "<IP Address
other than 0.0.0.0 or 255.255.255.255>"

Default Value:
By default, Allow access to Azure Services is set to NO.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/database-engine/configure-
windows/configure-a-windows-firewall-for-database-engine-access?view=sql-
server-2017
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-
azurermsqlserverfirewallrule?view=azurermps-5.2.0
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/set-
azurermsqlserverfirewallrule?view=azurermps-5.2.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/remove-
azurermsqlserverfirewallrule?view=azurermps-5.2.0
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-firewall-
configure
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-
procedures/sp-set-database-firewall-rule-azure-sql-database?view=azuresqldb-
current
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

Page 238
Additional Information:
Firewall rules configured on individual SQL Database using Transact-sql overrides the
rules set on SQL server. Azure does not provide any Powershell, API, CLI, Portal option
to check database level firewall rules, and so far Transact-SQL is the only way to check
for the same. For comprehensive control over egress traffic on SQL Databases, Firewall
rules should be checked using SQL client.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1050

Page 239
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) with Customer-managed key support provides
increased transparency and control over the TDE Protector, increased security with an
HSM-backed external service, and promotion of separation of duties.
With TDE, data is encrypted at rest with a symmetric key (called the database
encryption key) stored in the database or data warehouse distribution. To protect this
data encryption key (DEK) in the past, only a certificate that the Azure SQL Service
managed could be used. Now, with Customer-managed key support for TDE, the DEK
can be protected with an asymmetric key that is stored in the Azure Key Vault. The
Azure Key Vault is a highly available and scalable cloud-based key store which offers
central key management, leverages FIPS 140-2 Level 2 validated hardware security
modules (HSMs), and allows separation of management of keys and data for additional
security.
Based on business needs or criticality of data/databases hosted on a SQL server, it is
recommended that the TDE protector is encrypted by a key that is managed by the data
owner (Customer-managed key).
Rationale:
Customer-managed key support for Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) allows user
control of TDE encryption keys and restricts who can access them and when. Azure
Key Vault, Azure’s cloud-based external key management system, is the first key
management service where TDE has integrated support for Customer-managed keys.
With Customer-managed key support, the database encryption key is protected by an
asymmetric key stored in the Key Vault. The asymmetric key is set at the server level
and inherited by all databases under that server.
Impact:
Once TDE protector is encrypted with a Customer-managed key, it transfers entire
responsibility of respective key management on to you, and hence you should be more
careful about doing any operations on the particular key in order to keep data from
corresponding SQL server and Databases hosted accessible.
When deploying Customer Managed Keys, it is prudent to ensure that you also deploy
an automated toolset for managing these keys (this should include discovery and key
rotation), and Keys should be stored in an HSM or hardware backed keystore, such as
Azure Key Vault.

Page 240
As far as toolsets go, check with your cryptographic key provider, as they may well
provide one as an add-on to their service.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers

For the desired server instance

2. Click On Transparent data encryption

3. Ensure that Customer-managed key is selected
4. Ensure Make selected key the default TDE protector is checked

From Azure CLI

az account get-access-token --query
"{subscripton:subscription,accessToken:accessToken}" --out tsv | xargs -L1
bash -c 'curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $1" -H "Content-Type:
application/json"
https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$0/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupNa
me}/providers/Microsoft.Sql/servers/{serverName}/encryptionProtector?api-
version=2015-05-01-preview'
Ensure the output of the command contains properties
kind set to azurekeyvault
serverKeyType set to AzureKeyVault
uri is not null
From PowerShell
Get-AzSqlServerTransparentDataEncryptionProtector -ServerName <ServerName> -
ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName>
Ensure the output of the command contains properties
Type set to AzureKeyVault
ServerKeyVaultKeyName set to KeyVaultName_KeyName_KeyIdentifierVersion
KeyId set to KeyIdentifier

Remediation:
From Azure Console

1. Go to SQL servers
For the desired server instance

2. Click On Transparent data encryption

3. Set Transparent data encryption to Customer-managed key
4. Browse through your key vaults to Select an existing key or create a new key in
the Azure Key Vault.

Page 241
 5. Check Make selected key the default TDE protector

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to encrypt SQL server's TDE protector with a Customer-
managed key
az sql server tde-key set --resource-group <resourceName> --server
<dbServerName> --server-key-type {AzureKeyVault} --kid <keyIdentifier>
From PowerShell
Use the below command to encrypt SQL server's TDE protector with a Customer-
managed Key Vault key
Set-AzSqlServerTransparentDataEncryptionProtector -Type AzureKeyVault -KeyId
<KeyIdentifier> -ServerName <ServerName> -ResourceGroupName
<ResourceGroupName>
Select Y when prompted

Default Value:
By Default, Microsoft managed TDE protector is enabled for a SQL server.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-
databases/security/encryption/transparent-data-encryption-byok-azure-sql
2. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-in/blog/preview-sql-transparent-data-encryption-
tde-with-bring-your-own-key-support/
3. https://winterdom.com/2017/09/07/azure-sql-tde-protector-keyvault
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-use-customer-managed-key-option-in-data-at-rest-
encryption-when-required
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/general/basic-concepts
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/sql/server/tde-key?view=azure-cli-
latest
7. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.sql/get-
azsqlservertransparentdataencryptionprotector?view=azps-9.2.0
8. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.sql/set-
azsqlservertransparentdataencryptionprotector?view=azps-9.2.0

Additional Information:

• This configuration is audited or can be done only on SQL server. The same
configuration will be in effect on SQL Databases hosted on SQL Server.
• Ensuring TDE is protected by a Customer-managed key on SQL Server does not
ensure the encryption of SQL Databases. Transparent Data Encryption : Data
Encryption (ON/OFF) setting on individual SQL Database decides whether
database is encrypted or not.

Page 242
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

v7 16.4 Encrypt or Hash all Authentication Credentials ● ●

Encrypt or hash with a salt all authentication credentials when stored.

Page 243
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured for
SQL Servers (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Use Azure Active Directory Authentication for authentication with SQL Database to
manage credentials in a single place.
Rationale:
Azure Active Directory authentication is a mechanism to connect to Microsoft Azure
SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse by using identities in Azure Active Directory
(Azure AD). With Azure AD authentication, identities of database users and other
Microsoft services can be managed in one central location. Central ID management
provides a single place to manage database users and simplifies permission
management.

• It provides an alternative to SQL Server authentication.

• Helps stop the proliferation of user identities across database servers.
• Allows password rotation in a single place.
• Customers can manage database permissions using external (AAD) groups.
• It can eliminate storing passwords by enabling integrated Windows
authentication and other forms of authentication supported by Azure Active
Directory.
• Azure AD authentication uses contained database users to authenticate identities
at the database level.
• Azure AD supports token-based authentication for applications connecting to
SQL Database.
• Azure AD authentication supports ADFS (domain federation) or native
user/password authentication for a local Azure Active Directory without domain
synchronization.
• Azure AD supports connections from SQL Server Management Studio that use
Active Directory Universal Authentication, which includes Multi-Factor
Authentication (MFA). MFA includes strong authentication with a range of easy
verification options — phone call, text message, smart cards with pin, or mobile
app notification.

Impact:
This will create administrative overhead with user account and permission
management. For further security on these administrative accounts, you may want to
consider higher tiers of AAD which support features like Multi Factor Authentication, that
will cost more.

Page 244
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each SQL server, click on Active Directory admin under the Settings
section
3. Ensure that a value has been set for Admin Name under the Azure Active
Directory admin section

From Azure CLI

To list SQL Server Admins on a specific server:
az sql server ad-admin list --resource-group <resource-group> --server
<server>
From PowerShell
Print a list of all SQL Servers to find which one you want to audit
Get-AzSqlServer
Audit a list of Administrators on a Specific Server
Get-AzSqlServerActiveDirectoryAdministrator -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure Output shows DisplayName set to AD account.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each SQL server, click on Active Directory admin
3. Click on Set admin
4. Select an admin
5. Click Save

From Azure CLI

az ad user show --id
For each Server, set AD Admin
az sql server ad-admin create --resource-group <resource group name> --server
<server name> --display-name <display name> --object-id <object id of user>
From PowerShell
For each Server, set AD Admin
Set-AzSqlServerActiveDirectoryAdministrator -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name> -DisplayName "<Display name of AD
account to set as DB administrator>"

Page 245
Default Value:
Azure Active Directory Authentication for SQL Database/Server is not enabled by
default
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-aad-
authentication-configure
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-aad-
authentication
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-
azurermsqlserveractivedirectoryadministrator?view=azurermps-5.2.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-1-use-centralized-identity-and-authentication-system
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/sql/server/ad-admin?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_sql_server_ad_admin_list

Additional Information:
NOTE - Assigning an Administrator in Azure Active Directory (AAD) is just the first step.
When using AAD for central authentication there are many other groups and roles that
need to be configured base on the needs of your organization. The How-to Guides
should be used to determine what roles should be assigned and what groups should be
created to manage permissions and access to resources.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

v8 5.6 Centralize Account Management ● ●

Centralize account management through a directory or identity service.

16.2 Configure Centralized Point of Authentication

v7 Configure access for all accounts through as few centralized points of ● ●
authentication as possible, including network, security, and cloud systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1018

Page 246
4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL
Database (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable Transparent Data Encryption on every SQL server.
Rationale:
Azure SQL Database transparent data encryption helps protect against the threat of
malicious activity by performing real-time encryption and decryption of the database,
associated backups, and transaction log files at rest without requiring changes to the
application.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL databases
2. For each DB instance
3. Click on Transparent data encryption
4. Ensure that Data encryption is set to On

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command is Enabled
az sql db tde show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --server <dbServerName> -
-database <dbName> --query status
From PowerShell
Get a list of SQL Servers.
Get-AzSqlServer
For each server, list the databases.
Get-AzSqlDatabase -ServerName <SQL Server Name> -ResourceGroupName <Resource
Group Name>
For each database not listed as a Master database, check for Transparent Data
Encryption.
Get-AzSqlDatabaseTransparentDataEncryption -ResourceGroupName <Resource Group
Name> -ServerName <SQL Server Name> -DatabaseName <Database Name>
Make sure DataEncryption is Enabled for each database except the Master database.

Page 247
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL databases
2. For each DB instance
3. Click on Transparent data encryption
4. Set Data encryption to On

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to enable Transparent data encryption for SQL DB instance.
az sql db tde set --resource-group <resourceGroup> --server <dbServerName> --
database <dbName> --status Enabled
From PowerShell
Use the below command to enable Transparent data encryption for SQL DB instance.
Set-AzSqlDatabaseTransparentDataEncryption -ResourceGroupName <Resource Group
Name> -ServerName <SQL Server Name> -DatabaseName <Database Name> -State
'Enabled'
Note:

• TDE cannot be used to encrypt the logical master database in SQL Database.
The master database contains objects that are needed to perform the TDE
operations on the user databases.
• Azure Portal does not show master databases per SQL server. However,
CLI/API responses will show master databases.

Default Value:
By default, Data encryption is set to On.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-
databases/security/encryption/transparent-data-encryption-with-azure-sql-
database
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default
3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.sql/set-
azsqldatabasetransparentdataencryption?view=azps-9.2.0

Additional Information:

• Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) can be enabled or disabled on individual SQL

Database level and not on the SQL Server level.

Page 248
 • TDE cannot be used to encrypt the logical master database in SQL Database.
The master database contains objects that are needed to perform the TDE
operations on the user databases.

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 249
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
SQL Server Audit Retention should be configured to be greater than 90 days.
Rationale:
Audit Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into suspected
breaches or misuse of information and access.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each server instance
3. Click on Auditing
4. If storage is selected, expand Advanced properties
5. Ensure Retention (days) setting is greater than 90 days or 0 for unlimited
retention.

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AzSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName
<server name>
Ensure that RetentionInDays is set to more than 90
Note: If the SQL server is set with LogAnalyticsTargetState setting set to Enabled, run
the following additional command.
Get-AzOperationalInsightsWorkspace | Where-Object {$_.ResourceId -eq <SQL
Server WorkSpaceResourceId>}
Ensure that RetentionInDays is set to more than 90

Page 250
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each server instance
3. Click on Auditing
4. If storage is selected, expand Advanced properties
5. Set the Retention (days) setting greater than 90 days or 0 for unlimited
retention.
6. Select Save

From PowerShell
For each Server, set retention policy to more than 90 days
Log Analytics Example
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName
<SQL Server name> -RetentionInDays <Number of Days to retain the audit logs,
should be more than 90 days> -LogAnalyticsTargetState Enabled -
WorkspaceResourceId "/subscriptions/<subscription
ID>/resourceGroups/insights-
integration/providers/Microsoft.OperationalInsights/workspaces/<workspace
name>
Event Hub Example
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -ServerName
"<SQL Server name>" -EventHubTargetState Enabled -EventHubName
"<Event Hub name>" -EventHubAuthorizationRuleResourceId "<Event Hub
Authorization Rule Resource ID>"
Blob Storage Example*
Set-AzSqlServerAudit -ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -ServerName
"<SQL Server name>" -BlobStorageTargetState Enabled
-StorageAccountResourceId
"/subscriptions/<subscription_ID>/resourceGroups/<Resource_Group>/providers/M
icrosoft.Stora
ge/storageAccounts/<Storage Account name>"

Default Value:
By default, SQL Server audit storage is disabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-auditing
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-
azurermsqlserverauditing?view=azurermps-5.2.0
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/set-
azurermsqlserverauditing?view=azurermps-5.2.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention

Page 251
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.3 Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage

v8 Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with ● ● ●
the enterprise’s audit log management process.

6.4 Ensure adequate storage for logs

v7 Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the ● ●
logs generated.

Page 252
4.2 SQL Server - Microsoft Defender for SQL

Microsoft Defender for SQL provides a layer of security which enables customers to
detect and respond to potential threats as they occur through security alerts on
anomalous activities. Users will receive an alert upon suspicious database activities,
potential vulnerabilities, and SQL injection attacks, as well as anomalous database
access patterns. SQL Server Threat Detection alerts provide details of suspicious
activity and recommend action on how to investigate and mitigate the threat.
Microsoft Defender for SQL may incur additional cost per SQL server.

Page 253
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for
critical SQL Servers (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable "Microsoft Defender for SQL" on critical SQL Servers.
Rationale:
Microsoft Defender for SQL is a unified package for advanced SQL security capabilities.
Microsoft Defender is available for Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed
Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics. It includes functionality for discovering and
classifying sensitive data, surfacing and mitigating potential database vulnerabilities,
and detecting anomalous activities that could indicate a threat to your database. It
provides a single go-to location for enabling and managing these capabilities.
Impact:
Microsoft Defender for SQL is a paid feature and will incur additional cost for each SQL
server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers

For each production SQL server instance:

2. Click Microsoft Defender for Cloud

3. Ensure that Enablement Status is Enabled

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AzSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerAdvancedThreatProtectionSetting -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure that ThreatDetectionState is set to Enabled.

Page 254
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers

For each production SQL server instance:

2. Click Microsoft Defender for Cloud

3. Click Enable Microsoft Defender for SQL

From PowerShell
Enable Advanced Data Security for a SQL Server:
Set-AzSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
-ServerName <server name> -EmailAdmins $True
Note:

• Enabling 'Microsoft Defender for SQL' from the Azure portal enables Threat
Detection
• Using Powershell command Set-AzSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy enables
Microsoft Defender for SQL for a SQL server

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to Off.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/azure-defender-for-
sql?view=azuresql
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-
azurermsqlserverthreatdetectionpolicy?view=azurermps-
6.13.0&viewFallbackFrom=azurermps-5.2.0
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-2-monitor-anomalies-and-threats-targeting-sensitive-data

Additional Information:

• The feature 'Microsoft Defender for SQL' can be enabled only on SQL server and
the same settings will be inherently applied to the SQL databases hosted on the
SQL server.

Page 255
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 256
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on a
SQL server by setting a Storage Account (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable Vulnerability Assessment (VA) service scans for critical SQL servers and
corresponding SQL databases.
Rationale:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for SQL server does not enables Vulnerability Assessment
capability for individual SQL databases unless storage account is set to store the
scanning data and reports.
The Vulnerability Assessment service scans databases for known security
vulnerabilities and highlights deviations from best practices, such as misconfigurations,
excessive permissions, and unprotected sensitive data. Results of the scan include
actionable steps to resolve each issue and provide customized remediation scripts
where applicable. Additionally, an assessment report can be customized by setting an
acceptable baseline for permission configurations, feature configurations, and database
settings.
Impact:
Enabling the Microsoft Defender for SQL features will incur additional costs for each
SQL server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to Enabled
5. Select Configure next to Enabled at subscription-level
6. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Ensure Storage Accounts does
not read Select Storage account with no storage accounts listed under the
Storage account heading.

Page 257
From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AZSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure that value for parameter StorageAccountName is not empty (blank).
Sample Output:
ResourceGroupName : ResourceGroup01

ServerName : Server01

StorageAccountName : mystorage

ScanResultsContainerName : vulnerability-assessment

RecurringScansInterval : None

EmailSubscriptionAdmins : False

NotificationEmail : {}

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. Select Configure next to Enabled at subscription-level
5. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Click Select Storage account
6. Choose Storage Account (Existing or Create New). Click Ok
7. Click Save

From PowerShell
If not already, Enable Microsoft Defender for a SQL:
Set-AZSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
-ServerName <server name> -EmailAdmins $True
To enable ADS-VA service by setting Storage Account

Page 258
Update-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting `
-ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>"`
-ServerName "<Server Name>"`
-StorageAccountName "<Storage Name from same subscription and
same Location" `
-ScanResultsContainerName "vulnerability-assessment" `
-RecurringScansInterval Weekly `
-EmailSubscriptionAdmins $true `
-NotificationEmail @("[email protected]" , "[email protected]")

Default Value:
By default, Microsoft Defender for SQL is not enabled for a SQL server. Enabling
Microsoft Defender for SQL does not enable VA scanning by setting Storage Account
automatically.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-vulnerability-
assessment
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/sql/servervulnerabilityassessments/listbyserver
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Update-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Get-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-6-perform-software-vulnerability-
assessments

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

Page 259
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 260
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Periodic
recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable Vulnerability Assessment (VA) Periodic recurring scans for critical SQL servers
and corresponding SQL databases.
Rationale:
VA setting 'Periodic recurring scans' schedules periodic (weekly) vulnerability scanning
for the SQL server and corresponding Databases. Periodic and regular vulnerability
scanning provides risk visibility based on updated known vulnerability signatures and
best practices.
Impact:
Enabling the Azure Defender for SQL feature will incur additional costs for each SQL
server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to Enabled
5. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Ensure Storage Accounts is
configured.
6. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Ensure Periodic recurring
scans is set to On.

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AZSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure that value for parameter RecurringScansInterval is not set to None.

Page 261
Sample Output:
ResourceGroupName : ResourceGroup01

ServerName : Server01

StorageAccountName : mystorage

ScanResultsContainerName : vulnerability-assessment

RecurringScansInterval : weekly

EmailSubscriptionAdmins : False

NotificationEmail : {}

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. For each server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, set Storage Account if not
already
5. Toggle 'Periodic recurring scans' to ON.
6. Click Save

From PowerShell
If not already, Enable Advanced Data Security for a SQL Server:
Set-AZSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
-ServerName <server name> -EmailAdmins $True
To enable ADS-VA service with 'Periodic recurring scans'
Update-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting `
-ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>"`
-ServerName "<Server Name>"`
-StorageAccountName "<Storage Name from same subscription and
same Location" `
-ScanResultsContainerName "vulnerability-assessment" `
-RecurringScansInterval Weekly `
-EmailSubscriptionAdmins $true `
-NotificationEmail @("[email protected]" , "[email protected]")

Default Value:
Enabling Microsoft Defender for SQL enables 'Periodic recurring scans' by default but
does not configure the Storage account.

Page 262
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-vulnerability-
assessment
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/sql/servervulnerabilityassessments/listbyserver
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Update-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Get-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-6-perform-software-vulnerability-
assessments

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1210 TA0008 M1016, M1050

Page 263
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send
scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Configure 'Send scan reports to' with email addresses of concerned data
owners/stakeholders for a critical SQL servers.
Rationale:
Vulnerability Assessment (VA) scan reports and alerts will be sent to email addresses
configured at 'Send scan reports to'. This may help in reducing time required for
identifying risks and taking corrective measures.
Impact:
Enabling the Microsoft Defender for SQL features will incur additional costs for each
SQL server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
4. Ensure that Enablement status is set to Enabled
5. Select Configure next to Enablement status
6. Under Vulnerability Assessment Settings, ensure Storage Accounts is
configured
7. Under Vulnerability Assessment Settings, ensure Send scan reports to is
not empty

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AZSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure that value for parameter NotificationEmail is not blank/empty {}.

Page 264
Sample Output:
ResourceGroupName : ResourceGroup01

ServerName : Server01

StorageAccountName : mystorage

ScanResultsContainerName : vulnerability-assessment

RecurringScansInterval : weekly

EmailSubscriptionAdmins : False

NotificationEmail : {}

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Select Microsoft Defender for Cloud
4. Select Configure next to Enablement status
5. Set Microsoft Defender for SQL to On
6. Under Vulnerability Assessment Settings, select a Storage Account
7. Set Periodic recurring scans to On
8. Under Send scan reports to, provide email addresses for data owners and
stakeholders
9. Click Save

From PowerShell
If not already, Enable Advanced Data Security for a SQL Server:
Set-AZSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
-ServerName <server name> -EmailAdmins $True
To enable ADS-VA service and Set 'Send scan reports to'
Update-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting `
-ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>"`
-ServerName "<Server Name>"`
-StorageAccountName "<Storage Name from same subscription and
same Location" `
-ScanResultsContainerName "vulnerability-assessment" `
-RecurringScansInterval Weekly `
-EmailSubscriptionAdmins $true `
-NotificationEmail @("[email protected]" , "[email protected]")

Default Value:
By default, 'Send reports to' is blank.

Page 265
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-vulnerability-
assessment
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/sql/servervulnerabilityassessments/listbyserver
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Update-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Get-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-6-perform-software-vulnerability-
assessments

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 266
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also
send email notifications to admins and subscription owners' is set
for each SQL Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also send email notifications to admins
and subscription owners'.
Rationale:
VA scan reports and alerts will be sent to admins and subscription owners by enabling
setting 'Also send email notifications to admins and subscription owners'. This may help
in reducing time required for identifying risks and taking corrective measures.
Impact:
Enabling the Microsoft Defender for SQL features will incur additional costs for each
SQL server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to Enabled
5. Select Configure next to Enabled at subscription-level
6. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Ensure Storage Accounts is
configured.
7. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, Ensure Also send email
notifications to admins and subscription owners is checked/enabled.

From PowerShell
Get the list of all SQL Servers
Get-AZSqlServer
For each Server
Get-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting -ResourceGroupName <resource
group name> -ServerName <server name>
Ensure that value for parameter EmailSubscriptionAdmin is set to true.

Page 267
Sample Output:
ResourceGroupName : ResourceGroup01

ServerName : Server01

StorageAccountName : mystorage

ScanResultsContainerName : vulnerability-assessment

RecurringScansInterval : weekly

EmailSubscriptionAdmins : False

NotificationEmail : {}

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to SQL servers
2. Select a server instance
3. Click on Security Center
4. Select Configure next to Enabled at subscription-level
5. In Section Vulnerability Assessment Settings, configure Storage Accounts if
not already
6. Check/enable 'Also send email notifications to admins and subscription owners'
7. Click Save

From PowerShell
If not already, Enable Advanced Data Security for a SQL Server:
Set-AZSqlServerThreatDetectionPolicy -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
-ServerName <server name> -EmailAdmins $True
To enable ADS-VA service and Set 'Also send email notifications to admins and
subscription owners'
Update-AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting `
-ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>"`
-ServerName "<Server Name>"`
-StorageAccountName "<Storage Name from same subscription and
same Location" `
-ScanResultsContainerName "vulnerability-assessment" `
-RecurringScansInterval Weekly `
-EmailSubscriptionAdmins $true `
-NotificationEmail @("[email protected]" , "[email protected]")

Default Value:
By default, 'Also send email notifications to admins and subscription owners' is enabled.

Page 268
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-vulnerability-
assessment
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/sql/servervulnerabilityassessments/listbyserver
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Update-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/powershell/module/Az.Sql/Get-
AzSqlServerVulnerabilityAssessmentSetting?view=azps-2.6.0
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-6-perform-software-vulnerability-
assessments

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

7.5 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal

Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a ● ●
quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and
unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.

7.6 Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-

Exposed Enterprise Assets
v8 Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets ● ●
using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly,
or more frequent, basis.

3.1 Run Automated Vulnerability Scanning Tools

v7 Utilize an up-to-date SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool to
automatically scan all systems on the network on a weekly or more frequent basis
● ●
to identify all potential vulnerabilities on the organization's systems.

Page 269
4.3 PostgreSQL Database Server

This section groups security best practices/recommendations for Azure PostgreSQL

Database Servers.

Page 270
4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for
PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable SSL connection on PostgreSQL Servers.

Rationale:
SSL connectivity helps to provide a new layer of security by connecting database
server to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL
connections between database server and client applications helps protect against
"man in the middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and
application.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL server
3. For each database, click on Connection security
4. In SSL settings, ensure Enforce SSL connection is set to ENABLED.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command returns Enabled.
az postgres server show --resource-group myresourcegroup --name
<resourceGroupName> --query sslEnforcement
From PowerShell
Ensure the output of the below command returns Enabled.
Get-AzPostgreSqlServer -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName > -ServerName
<ServerName> | Select-Object SslEnforcement

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL server
3. For each database, click on Connection security
4. In SSL settings, click on ENABLED to enforce SSL connections
5. Click Save

Page 271
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to enforce ssl connection for PostgreSQL Database.
az postgres server update --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --name
<serverName> --ssl-enforcement Enabled
From PowerShell
Update-AzPostgreSqlServer -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName > -ServerName
<ServerName> -SslEnforcement Enabled

Default Value:
By default, secure connectivity is enforced, but some application frameworks may not
enable it during deployment.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/concepts-ssl-connection-
security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-encrypt-sensitive-information-in-transit
3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlserver?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-postgresql-server-by-
resource-group-and-server-name
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlserver?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-server-by-
resource-group-and-server-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1040 TA0006, TA0007 M1041

Page 272
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON' for
PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable log_checkpoints on PostgreSQL Servers.

Rationale:
Enabling log_checkpoints helps the PostgreSQL Database to Log each checkpoint in
turn generates query and error logs. However, access to transaction logs is not
supported. Query and error logs can be used to identify, troubleshoot, and repair
configuration errors and sub-optimal performance.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_checkpoints.
5. Ensure that value is set to ON.

From Azure CLI

Ensure value is set to ON
az postgres server configuration show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> -
-server-name <serverName> --name log_checkpoints
From PowerShell
Ensure value is set to ON
Get-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_checkpoints

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_checkpoints.
5. Click ON and save.

Page 273
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to update log_checkpoints configuration.
az postgres server configuration set --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_checkpoints --value on
From PowerShell
Update-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_checkpoints -Value on

Default Value:
By default log_checkpoints is enabled (set to on).

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/postgresql/singleserver/configurations/list-by-server
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-configure-server-
parameters-using-portal
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-logging-for-azure-resources
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/single-server/concepts-server-
logs#configure-logging
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-specified-postgresql-
configuration-by-name
6. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-
configuration-by-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

Page 274
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 275
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON' for
PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable log_connections on PostgreSQL Servers.

Rationale:
Enabling log_connections helps PostgreSQL Database to log attempted connection to
the server, as well as successful completion of client authentication. Log data can be
used to identify, troubleshoot, and repair configuration errors and suboptimal
performance.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_connections.
5. Ensure that value is set to ON.

From Azure CLI

Ensure log_connections value is set to ON
az postgres server configuration show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_connections
From PowerShell
Ensure log_connections value is set to ON
Get-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_connections

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_connections.
5. Click ON and save.

Page 276
From Azure CLI
Use the below command to update log_connections configuration.
az postgres server configuration set --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_connections --value on
From PowerShell
Use the below command to update log_connections configuration.
Update-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_connections -Value on

Default Value:
By default log_connections is enabled (set to on).

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/postgresql/configurations/listbyserver
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-configure-server-
parameters-using-portal
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-specified-postgresql-
configuration-by-name
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-
configuration-by-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

Page 277
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 278
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to 'ON'
for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable log_disconnections on PostgreSQL Servers.

Rationale:
Enabling log_disconnections helps PostgreSQL Database to Logs end of a session,
including duration, which in turn generates query and error logs. Query and error logs
can be used to identify, troubleshoot, and repair configuration errors and sub-optimal
performance.
Impact:
Enabling this setting will enable a log of all disconnections. If this is enabled for a high
traffic server, the log may grow exponentially.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers
3. For each database, click on Server parameters
4. Search for log_disconnections.
5. Ensure that value is set to ON.

From Azure CLI

Ensure log_disconnections value is set to ON
az postgres server configuration show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_disconnections
From PowerShell
Ensure log_disconnections value is set to ON
Get-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_disconnections

Page 279
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers
3. For each database, click on Server parameters
4. Search for log_disconnections.
5. Click ON and save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to update log_disconnections configuration.
az postgres server configuration set --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_disconnections --value on
From PowerShell
Use the below command to update log_disconnections configuration.
Update-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_disconnections -Value on

Default Value:
By default log_disconnections is disabled (set to off).

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/postgresql/singleserver/configurations/list-by-server
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-configure-server-
parameters-using-portal
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-logging-for-azure-resources
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-specified-postgresql-
configuration-by-name
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-
configuration-by-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

Page 280
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 281
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable connection_throttling on PostgreSQL Servers.

Rationale:
Enabling connection_throttling helps the PostgreSQL Database to Set the
verbosity of logged messages. This in turn generates query and error logs with
respect to concurrent connections that could lead to a successful Denial of Service
(DoS) attack by exhausting connection resources. A system can also fail or be
degraded by an overload of legitimate users. Query and error logs can be used to
identify, troubleshoot, and repair configuration errors and sub-optimal performance.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for connection_throttling.
5. Ensure that value is set to ON.

From Azure CLI

Ensure connection_throttling value is set to ON
az postgres server configuration show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name connection_throttling
From PowerShell
Ensure connection_throttling value is set to ON
Get-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name connection_throttling

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for connection_throttling.

Page 282
 5. Click ON and save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to update connection_throttling configuration.
az postgres server configuration set --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name connection_throttling --value on
From PowerShell
Use the below command to update connection_throttling configuration.
Update-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name connection_throttling -Value on

Default Value:
By default, connection_throttling is enabled (set to on).

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/postgresql/singleserver/configurations/list-by-server
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-configure-server-
parameters-using-portal
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-logging-for-azure-resources
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-specified-postgresql-
configuration-by-name
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-
configuration-by-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

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MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1499 TA0040 M1037

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4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure log_retention_days on PostgreSQL Servers is set to an appropriate value.

Rationale:
Configuring log_retention_days determines the duration in days that Azure Database
for PostgreSQL retains log files. Query and error logs can be used to identify,
troubleshoot, and repair configuration errors and sub-optimal performance.
Impact:
Configuring this setting will result in logs being retained for the specified number of
days. If this is configured on a high traffic server, the log may grow quickly to occupy a
large amount of disk space. In this case you may want to set this to a lower number.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_retention_days.
5. Ensure that the value is between 4 and 7 (inclusive).

From Azure CLI

Ensure log_retention_days value is greater than 3.
az postgres server configuration show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_retention_days
From Powershell
Ensure log_retention_days value is greater than 3.
Get-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_retention_days

Page 285
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Server parameters.
4. Search for log_retention_days.
5. Input a value between 4 and 7 (inclusive) and click Save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to update log_retention_days configuration.
az postgres server configuration set --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --
server-name <serverName> --name log_retention_days --value <4-7>
From Powershell
Use the below command to update log_retention_days configuration.
Update-AzPostgreSqlConfiguration -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -
ServerName <ServerName> -Name log_retention_days -Value <4-7>

Default Value:
By default log_retention_days is set to 3.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-configure-server-
parameters-using-portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/postgresql/singleserver/configurations/list-by-server
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/get-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-2-get-specified-postgresql-
configuration-by-name
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.postgresql/update-
azpostgresqlconfiguration?view=azps-9.2.0#example-1-update-postgresql-
configuration-by-name

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.3 Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage

v8 Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with ● ● ●
the enterprise’s audit log management process.

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 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.4 Ensure adequate storage for logs

v7 Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the ● ●
logs generated.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 287
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
Database Server is disabled (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Disable access from Azure services to PostgreSQL Database Server.
Rationale:
If access from Azure services is enabled, the server's firewall will accept connections
from all Azure resources, including resources not in your subscription. This is usually
not a desired configuration. Instead, set up firewall rules to allow access from specific
network ranges or VNET rules to allow access from specific virtual networks.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Connection security.
4. Under Firewall rules, ensure Allow access to Azure services is set to No.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command does not include a rule with the name
AllowAllWindowsAzureIps or "startIpAddress": "0.0.0.0" & "endIpAddress": "0.0.0.0",
az postgres server firewall-rule list --resource-group <resourceGroupName> -
-server <serverName>

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Go to Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
3. For each database, click on Connection security.
4. Under Firewall rules, set Allow access to Azure services to No.
5. Click Save.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to delete the AllowAllWindowsAzureIps rule for PostgreSQL
Database.

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az postgres server firewall-rule delete --name AllowAllWindowsAzureIps --
resource-group <resourceGroupName> --server-name <serverName>

Default Value:
The Azure Postgres firewall is set to block all access by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/concepts-firewall-rules
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-manage-firewall-using-
cli
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-1-establish-network-segmentation-boundaries
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-6-deploy-web-application-firewall

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

9.4 Apply Host-based Firewalls or Port Filtering

v7 Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a
default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are
● ● ●
explicitly allowed.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1613 TA0007 M1035

Page 289
4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL
Database Server is 'Enabled' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers should be created with 'infrastructure double
encryption' enabled.
Rationale:
If Double Encryption is enabled, another layer of encryption is implemented at the
hardware level before the storage or network level. Information will be encrypted before
it is even accessed, preventing both interception of data in motion if the network layer
encryption is broken and data at rest in system resources such as memory or processor
cache. Encryption will also be in place for any backups taken of the database, so the
key will secure access the data in all forms. For the most secure implementation of key
based encryption, it is recommended to use a Customer Managed asymmetric RSA
2048 Key in Azure Key Vault.
Impact:
The read and write speeds to the database will be impacted if both default encryption
and Infrastructure Encryption are checked, as a secondary form of encryption requires
more resource overhead for the cryptography of information. This cost is justified for
information security. Customer managed keys are recommended for the most secure
implementation, leading to overhead of key management. The key will also need to be
backed up in a secure location, as loss of the key will mean loss of the information in
the database.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home, click on more services.

2. Click on Databases.
3. Click on Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers.
4. Select the database by clicking on its name.
5. Under Security, click Data encryption.
6. Ensure that 'Infrastructure encryption enabled' is displayed and is 'checked'.

From Azure CLI

1. Enter the command

Page 290
az postgres server configuration show --name <servername> --resource-group
<resourcegroup> --query 'properties.infrastructureEncryption' -o tsv

2. Verify that Infrastructure encryption is enabled.

Remediation:
It is not possible to enable 'infrastructure double encryption' on an existing Azure
Database for PostgreSQL server.
The remediation steps detail the creation of a new Azure Database for PostgreSQL
server with 'infrastructure double encryption' enabled.
From Azure Portal

1. Go through the normal process of database creation.

2. On step 2 titled 'Additional settings' ensure that 'Infrastructure double encryption
enabled' is 'checked'.
3. Acknowledge that you understand this will impact database performance.
4. Finish database creation as normal.

From Azure CLI

az postgres server create --resource-group <resourcegroup> --name
<servername> --location <location> --admin-user <adminusername> --admin-
password <server_admin_password> --sku-name GP_Gen4_2 --version 11 --
infrastructure-encryption Enabled

Default Value:
By Default, Double Encryption is disabled.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-double-encryption
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/concepts-infrastructure-
double-encryption
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/concepts-data-encryption-
postgresql
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/keys/byok-specification
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/postgresql/howto-double-encryption
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default

Additional Information:
Flexible PostgreSQL Database Servers are still in preview. A recommendation will be
created for Flexible Servers once the service is out of preview.

Page 291
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

Page 292
4.4 MySQL Database

This section groups security best practices/recommendations for Azure MySQL

Database Servers.

Page 293
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for
Standard MySQL Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable SSL connection on MYSQL Servers.

Rationale:
SSL connectivity helps to provide a new layer of security by connecting database server
to client applications using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections
between database server and client applications helps protect against "man in the
middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and application.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for MySQL servers
3. For each database, click on Connection security
4. In SSL settings, ensure Enforce SSL connection is set to ENABLED.

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command returns ENABLED.
az mysql server show --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --name
<serverName> --query sslEnforcement

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for MySQL servers
3. For each database, click on Connection security
4. In SSL settings, click on ENABLED to Enforce SSL connections

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to set MYSQL Databases to Enforce SSL connection.
az mysql server update --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --name
<serverName> --ssl-enforcement Enabled

Page 294
Default Value:
Azure Database for MySQL when provisioned through the Azure portal or CLI will
require SSL connections by default.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-server/concepts-ssl-
connection-security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-server/how-to-configure-ssl
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-3-encrypt-sensitive-data-in-transit

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1040 TA0006, TA0007 M1041

Page 295
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL flexible
Database Server (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure TLS version on MySQL flexible servers is set to the default value.

Rationale:
TLS connectivity helps to provide a new layer of security by connecting database server
to client applications using Transport Layer Security (TLS). Enforcing TLS connections
between database server and client applications helps protect against "man in the
middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and application.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for MySQL flexible servers
3. For each database, click on Server parameters under Settings
4. In the search box, type in tls_version
5. Ensure tls_version is set to TLSV1.2

From Azure CLI

Ensure the output of the below command contains the key value pair "values":
"TLSV1.2".
az mysql flexible-server parameter show --name tls_version --resource-
group <resourceGroupName> --server-name <serverName>

Page 296
Example output:
{
"allowedValues": "TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2",
"dataType": "Set",
"defaultValue": "TLSv1.2",
"description": "Which protocols the server permits for encrypted
connections. By default, TLS 1.2 is enforced",
"id":
"/subscriptions/<subscriptionId>/resourceGroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers
/Microsoft.DBforMySQL/flexibleServers/<serverName>/configurations/tls_version
",
"isConfigPendingRestart": "False",
"isDynamicConfig": "False",
"isReadOnly": "False",
"name": "tls_version",
"resourceGroup": "<resourceGroupName>",
"source": "system-default",
"systemData": null,
"type": "Microsoft.DBforMySQL/flexibleServers/configurations",
"value": "TLSv1.2"
}

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to Azure Database for MySQL flexible servers
3. For each database, click on Server parameters under Settings
4. In the search box, type in tls_version
5. Click on the VALUE dropdown, and ensure only TLSV1.2 is selected for
tls_version

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to set MYSQL flexible databases to used version 1.2 for the
tls_version parameter.
az mysql flexible-server parameter set --name tls_version --resource-
group <resourceGroupName> --server-name <serverName> --value TLSV1.2

Default Value:
By default, TLS is set to v1.2 for MySQL Flexible servers.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/concepts-ssl-connection-security
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/howto-configure-ssl
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default

Page 297
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1040 TA0006, TA0007 M1041

Page 298
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to 'ON'
for MySQL Database Server (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable audit_log_enabled on MySQL Servers.
Rationale:
Enabling audit_log_enabled helps MySQL Database to log items such as connection
attempts to the server, DDL/DML access, and more. Log data can be used to identify,
troubleshoot, and repair configuration errors and suboptimal performance.
Impact:
There are further costs incurred for storage of logs. For high traffic databases these logs
will be significant. Determine your organization's needs before enabling.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Select Azure Database for MySQL Servers
3. For each database, under the Settings section in the sidebar, select Server
parameters
4. Ensure the audit_log_enabled parameter is set to ON

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com.

2. Select Azure Database for MySQL Servers.
3. Select a database.
4. Under Settings, select Server parameters.
5. Update audit_log_enabled parameter to ON
6. Under Monitoring, select Diagnostic settings.
7. Select + Add diagnostic setting.
8. Provide a diagnostic setting name.
9. Under Categories, select MySQL Audit Logs.
10. Specify destination details.
11. Click Save.

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It may take up to 10 minutes for the logs to appear in the configured destination.
Default Value:
audit_log_enabled is set to OFF by default
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-server/how-to-configure-
audit-logs-portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

Additional Information:
There is also a CLI version: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-
server/how-to-configure-audit-logs-cli
There are numerous settings and event types and it might be helpful to discuss which of
these may be appropriate to have a separate check item for.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

Page 300
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Set audit_log_enabled to include CONNECTION on MySQL Servers.

Rationale:
Enabling CONNECTION helps MySQL Database to log items such as successful and
failed connection attempts to the server. Log data can be used to identify, troubleshoot,
and repair configuration errors and suboptimal performance.
Impact:
There are further costs incurred for storage of logs. For high traffic databases these logs
will be significant. Determine your organization's needs before enabling.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Azure Database for MySQL servers.
3. Select a database.
4. Under Settings, select Server parameters.
5. Ensure audit_log_enabled parameter is set to ON.
6. Ensure audit_log_events parameter has CONNECTION checked.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu.

2. Select Azure Database for MySQL servers.
3. Select a database.
4. Under Settings, select Server parameters.
5. Update audit_log_enabled parameter to ON.
6. Update audit_log_events parameter to have at least CONNECTION checked.
7. Click Save.
8. Under Monitoring, select Diagnostic settings.
9. Select + Add diagnostic setting.
10. Provide a diagnostic setting name.
11. Under Categories, select MySQL Audit Logs.

Page 301
 12. Specify destination details.
13. Click Save.

It may take up to 10 minutes for the logs to appear in the configured destination.
Default Value:
By default audit_log_events is disabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-server/how-to-configure-
audit-logs-portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

Additional Information:
There is also a CLI version: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/mysql/single-
server/how-to-configure-audit-logs-cli
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.2 Collect Audit Logs

v8 Collect audit logs. Ensure that logging, per the enterprise’s audit log ● ● ●
management process, has been enabled across enterprise assets.

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

Page 302
4.5 Cosmos DB

This section groups security best practices/recommendations for Azure Cosmos DB

Database Servers.

Page 303
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Limiting your Cosmos DB to only communicate on whitelisted networks lowers its attack
footprint.
Rationale:
Selecting certain networks for your Cosmos DB to communicate restricts the number of
networks including the internet that can interact with what is stored within the database.
Impact:
Failure to whitelist the correct networks will result in a connection loss.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the portal menu.

2. Select the Azure Cosmos DB blade
3. Select a Cosmos DB to audit.
4. Select Networking.
5. Under Public network access, ensure Selected networks is selected.
6. Under Virtual networks, ensure appropriate virtual networks are configured.

From Azure CLI

az cosmosdb database list
az cosmosdb show <database id>
isVirtualNetworkFilterEnabled should be set to true

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the portal menu.

2. Select the Azure Cosmos DB blade.
3. Select a Cosmos DB account to audit.
4. Select Networking.
5. Under Public network access, select Selected networks.
6. Under Virtual networks, select + Add existing virtual network or + Add a
new virtual network.

Page 304
 7. For existing networks, select subscription, virtual network, subnet and click Add.
For new networks, provide a name, update the default values if required, and
click Create.
8. Click Save.

Default Value:
By default, Cosmos DBs are set to have access all networks.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/how-to-configure-private-
endpoints
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/how-to-configure-vnet-
service-endpoint
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/cosmosdb?view=azure-cli-latest#az-
cosmosdb-show
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/cosmosdb/database?view=azure-cli-
latest#az-cosmosdb-database-list
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.cosmosdb/?view=azps-
8.1.0
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

9.4 Apply Host-based Firewalls or Port Filtering

v7 Apply host-based firewalls or port filtering tools on end systems, with a
default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and ports that are
● ● ●
explicitly allowed.

14.1 Segment the Network Based on Sensitivity

v7 Segment the network based on the label or classification level of the
information stored on the servers, locate all sensitive information on separated
● ●
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs).

Page 305
Page 306
4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Private endpoints limit network traffic to approved sources.
Rationale:
For sensitive data, private endpoints allow granular control of which services can
communicate with Cosmos DB and ensure that this network traffic is private. You set
this up on a case by case basis for each service you wish to be connected.
Impact:
Only whitelisted services will have access to communicate with the Cosmos DB.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the portal menu.

2. Select the Azure Cosmos DB blade.
3. Select the Azure Cosmos DB account.
4. Select Networking.
5. Ensure Public network access is set to Selected networks.
6. Ensure the listed networks are set appropriately.
7. Select Private access.
8. Ensure a private endpoint exists and Connection state is Approved.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the portal menu.

2. Select the Azure Cosmos DB blade.
3. Select the Azure Cosmos DB account.
4. Select Networking.
5. Select Private access.
6. Click + Private Endpoint.
7. Provide a Name.
8. Click Next.
9. From the Resource type drop down, select
Microsoft.AzureCosmosDB/databaseAccounts.

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 10. From the Resource drop down, select the Cosmos DB account.
11. Click Next.
12. Provide appropriate Virtual Network details.
13. Click Next.
14. Provide appropriate DNS details.
15. Click Next.
16. Optionally provide Tags.
17. Click Next : Review + create.
18. Click Create.

Default Value:
By default Cosmos DB does not have private endpoints enabled and its traffic is public
to the network.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/how-to-configure-private-
endpoints
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/tutorial-private-endpoint-
cosmosdb-portal
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/cosmosdb/private-endpoint-
connection?view=azure-cli-latest
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/private-endpoint?view=azure-
cli-latest#az-network-private-endpoint-create
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

14.1 Segment the Network Based on Sensitivity

v7 Segment the network based on the label or classification level of the
information stored on the servers, locate all sensitive information on separated
● ●
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs).

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4.5.3 Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication and
Azure RBAC where possible. (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Cosmos DB can use tokens or AAD for client authentication which in turn will use Azure
RBAC for authorization. Using AAD is significantly more secure because AAD handles
the credentials and allows for MFA and centralized management, and the Azure RBAC
better integrated with the rest of Azure.
Rationale:
AAD client authentication is considerably more secure than token-based authentication
because the tokens must be persistent at the client. AAD does not require this.
Audit:
$cosmosdbname = "cosmos-db-account-name"
$resourcegroup = "resource-group-name"
$cosmosdb = az cosmosdb show --name $cosmosdbname --resource-group
$resourcegroup | ConvertFrom-Json
In the resulting output, disableLocalAuth should be true
Remediation:
Map all the resources that currently access to the Azure Cosmos DB account with keys
or access tokens.
Create an Azure Active Directory (AAD) identity for each of these resources:
For Azure resources, you can create a managed identity . You may choose between
system-assigned and user-assigned managed identities.
For non-Azure resources, create an AAD identity.
Grant each AAD identity the minimum permission it requires. When possible, we
recommend you use one of the 2 built-in role definitions: Cosmos DB Built-in Data
Reader or Cosmos DB Built-in Data Contributor.
Validate that the new resource is functioning correctly. After new permissions are
granted to identities, it may take a few hours until they propagate. When all resources
are working correctly with the new identities, continue to the next step.
You can use the az resource update powershell command:
$cosmosdbname = "cosmos-db-account-name"
$resourcegroup = "resource-group-name"
$cosmosdb = az cosmosdb show --name $cosmosdbname --resource-group
$resourcegroup | ConvertFrom-Json
az resource update --ids $cosmosdb.id --set properties.disableLocalAuth=true --latest-
include-preview

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Default Value:
The default is to use tokens/keys for client authentication.
References:

1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cosmos-db/role-based-access-control

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190

5 Logging and Monitoring

This section covers security recommendations to follow to set logging and monitoring
policies on an Azure Subscription.

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5.1 Configuring Diagnostic Settings

The Azure Diagnostic Settings capture control/management activities performed on a

subscription or Azure AD Tenant. By default, the Azure Portal retains activity logs only
for 90 days. The Diagnostic Settings define the type of events that are stored or
streamed and the outputs—storage account, log analytics workspace, event hub, and
others. The Diagnostic Settings, if configured properly, can ensure that all logs are
retained for longer duration. This section has recommendations for correctly configuring
the Diagnostic Settings so that all logs captured are retained for longer periods.
Azure Subscriptions
When configuring Diagnostic Settings, you may choose to export in one of four ways in
which you need to ensure appropriate data retention. The options are Log Analytics,
Event Hub, Storage Account, and Partner Solutions. It is important to ensure you are
aware and have set retention as your organization sees fit.
Azure AD Logs
In order to retain sign in logs, user account changes, application provisioning logs, or
other logs that are visible to only on the Tenant in Azure AD, separate Diagnostic
settings must be specified.
Deployment by Policy
Deploying Azure diagnostics should ideally be done by policy to ensure a consistent
configuration, Microsoft provide a full set of policies for all diagnostic capable resource
types in their github repository. If you chose to deploy by policy, it is best to route the
diagnostics to a Log Analytics Workspace so that they can be used in Azure Monitor or
Azure Sentinel. Be aware that this has a cost attached to it. Future versions of the CIS
Azure Foundations Benchmark will aim to cover the use of policy in greater detail.

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5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable Diagnostic settings for exporting activity logs. Diagnostic settings are available
for each individual resource within a subscription. Settings should be configured for all
appropriate resources for your environment.
Rationale:
A diagnostic setting controls how a diagnostic log is exported. By default, logs are
retained only for 90 days. Diagnostic settings should be defined so that logs can be
exported and stored for a longer duration in order to analyze security activities within an
Azure subscription.
Audit:
From Azure Portal
To identify Diagnostic Settings on a subscription:

1. Go to Monitor
2. Click Activity Log
3. Click Export Activity Logs
4. Select a Subscription
5. Ensure a Diagnostic settings exists for the selected Subscription

To identify Diagnostic Settings on specific resources:

1. Go to Monitor
2. Click Diagnostic settings
3. Ensure that Diagnostics status is enabled on all appropriate resources.

From Azure CLI

To identify Diagnostic Settings on a subscription:
az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription list --subscription <subscription
ID>
To identify Diagnostic Settings on a resource
az monitor diagnostic-settings list --resource <resource Id>
From PowerShell
To identify Diagnostic Settings on a Subscription:
Get-AzDiagnosticSetting -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>
To identify Diagnostic Settings on a specific resource:

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Get-AzDiagnosticSetting -ResourceId <resource ID>

Page 313
Remediation:
From Azure Portal
To enable Diagnostic Settings on a Subscription:

1. Go to Monitor
2. Click on Activity Log
3. Click on Export Activity Logs
4. Click + Add diagnostic setting
5. Enter a Diagnostic setting name
6. Select Categories for the diagnostic settings
7. Select the appropriate Destination details (this may be Log Analytics/Storage
Account/Event Hub or Partner solution)
8. Click Save

To enable Diagnostic Settings on a specific resource:

1. Go to Monitor
2. Click Diagnostic settings
3. Click on the resource that has a diagnostics status of disabled
4. Select Add Diagnostic Setting
5. Enter a Diagnostic setting name
6. Select the appropriate log, metric, and destination. (This may be Log
Analytics/Storage account or Event Hub)
7. Click save

Repeat these step for all resources as needed.

From Azure CLI
To configure Diagnostic Settings on a Subscription:
az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription create --subscription
<subscription id> --name <diagnostic settings name> --location <location> <[-
-event-hub <event hub ID> --event-hub-auth-rule <event hub auth rule ID>] [--
storage-account <storage account ID>] [--workspace <log analytics workspace
ID>] --logs "<JSON encoded categories>" (e.g.
[{category:Security,enabled:true},{category:Administrative,enabled:true},{cat
egory:Alert,enabled:true},{category:Policy,enabled:true}])
To configure Diagnostic Settings on a specific resource:
az monitor diagnostic-settings create --subscription <subscription ID> --
resource <resource ID> --name <diagnostic settings name> <[--event-hub <event
hub ID> --event-hub-rule <event hub auth rule ID>] [--storage-account
<storage account ID>] [--workspace <log analytics workspace ID>] --logs
<resource specific JSON encoded log settings> --metrics <metric settings
(shorthand|json-file|yaml-file)>

Page 314
From PowerShell
To configure Diagnostic Settings on a subscription:
$logCategories = @();
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Administrative -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Security -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category ServiceHealth -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Alert -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Recommendation -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Policy -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Autoscale -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category ResourceHealth -Enabled $true

New-AzSubscriptionDiagnosticSetting -SubscriptionId <subscription ID> -Name

<Diagnostic settings name> <[-EventHubAuthorizationRule <event hub auth rule
ID> -EventHubName <event hub name>] [-StorageAccountId <storage account ID>]
[-WorkSpaceId <log analytics workspace ID>] [-MarketplacePartner ID <full ARM
Marketplace resource ID>]> -Log $logCategories
To configure Diagnostic Settings on a specific resource:
$logCategories = @()
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingLogSettingsObject -Category
<resource specific log category> -Enabled $true

Repeat command and variable assignment for each Log category specific to the
resource where this Diagnostic Setting will get configured.

$metricCategories = @()
$metricCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingMetricSettingsObject -Enabled
$true [-Category <resource specific metric category | AllMetrics>] [-
RetentionPolicyDay <Integer>] [-RetentionPolicyEnabled $true]

Repeat command and variable assignment for each Metric category or use the
'AllMetrics' category.

New-AzDiagnosticSetting -ResourceId <resource ID> -Name <Diagnostic settings

name> -Log $logCategories -Metric $metricCategories [-
EventHubAuthorizationRuleId <event hub auth rule ID> -EventHubName <event hub
name>] [-StorageAccountId <storage account ID>] [-WorkspaceId <log analytics
workspace ID>] [-MarketplacePartnerId <full ARM marketplace resource ID>]>

Default Value:
By default, diagnostic setting is not set.

Page 315
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/monitoring-and-diagnostics/monitoring-
overview-activity-logs#export-the-activity-log-with-a-log-profile
2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-
settings?view=azure-cli-latest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.9 Centralize Audit Logs

v8 Centralize, to the extent possible, audit log collection and retention across ● ●
enterprise assets.

6.5 Central Log Management

v7 Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log ● ●
management system for analysis and review.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

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5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate categories
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Prerequisite: A Diagnostic Setting must exist. If a Diagnostic Setting does not exist, the
navigation and options within this recommendation will not be available. Please review
the recommendation at the beginning of this subsection titled: "Ensure that a 'Diagnostic
Setting' exists."
The diagnostic setting should be configured to log the appropriate activities from the
control/management plane.
Rationale:
A diagnostic setting controls how the diagnostic log is exported. Capturing the
diagnostic setting categories for appropriate control/management plane activities allows
proper alerting.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Azure Monitor
2. Click Activity log
3. Click on Export Activity Logs
4. Select the appropriate Subscription
5. If there is no Diagnostic Settings listed, generate a finding.
6. Otherwise, click on Edit Settings
7. Ensure that the following categories are checked: Administrative, Alert,
Policy, and Security

From Azure CLI

Ensure the categories 'Administrative', 'Alert', 'Policy', and 'Security' set to:
'enabled: true'
az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription list --subscription <subscription
ID>
From Powershell
Ensure the categories Administrative, Alert, Policy, and Security are set to Enabled:True
Get-AzSubscriptionDiagnosticSetting -Subscription <subscriptionID>

Page 317
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Azure Monitor
2. Click Activity log
3. Click on Export Activity Logs
4. Select the Subscription from the drop down menu
5. Click on Add diagnostic setting
6. Enter a name for your new Diagnostic Setting
7. Check the following categories: Administrative, Alert, Policy, and Security
8. Choose the destination details according to your organization's needs.

From Az CLI
az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription create --subscription
<subscription id> --name <diagnostic settings name> --location <location> <[-
-event-hub <event hub ID> --event-hub-auth-rule <event hub auth rule ID>] [--
storage-account <storage account ID>] [--workspace <log analytics workspace
ID>] --logs
"[{category:Security,enabled:true},{category:Administrative,enabled:true},{ca
tegory:Alert,enabled:true},{category:Policy,enabled:true}]"
From PowerShell
$logCategories = @();
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Administrative -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Security -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Alert -Enabled $true
$logCategories += New-AzDiagnosticSettingSubscriptionLogSettingsObject -
Category Policy -Enabled $true

New-AzSubscriptionDiagnosticSetting -SubscriptionId <subscription ID> -Name

<Diagnostic settings name> <[-EventHubAuthorizationRule <event hub auth rule
ID> -EventHubName <event hub name>] [-StorageAccountId <storage account ID>]
[-WorkSpaceId <log analytics workspace ID>] [-MarketplacePartner ID <full ARM
Marketplace resource ID>]> -Log $logCategories

Default Value:
When the diagnostic setting is created using Azure Portal, by default no categories are
selected.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/platform/diagnostic-
settings
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/samples/resource-
manager-diagnostic-settings

Page 318
 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-
settings?view=azure-cli-latest
5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.monitor/new-
azsubscriptiondiagnosticsetting?view=azps-9.2.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 319
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
not Publicly Accessible (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
The storage account container containing the activity log export should not be publicly
accessible.
Rationale:
Allowing public access to activity log content may aid an adversary in identifying
weaknesses in the affected account's use or configuration.
Impact:
Configuring container Access policy to private will remove access from the container
for everyone except owners of the storage account. Access policy needs to be set
explicitly in order to allow access to other desired users.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Select Diagnostic Settings in the left column.
3. In section Storage Account, note the name of the Storage account
4. Close Diagnostic settings. Close the Monitor - Activity Log blade.
5. In left menu, Click Storage Accounts
6. For each storage account, go to the Configuration setting
7. Check if Blob public access is Disabled.

From Azure CLI

1. Get storage account id configured with Diagnostic Settings:

az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription list --subscription

$subscription.Id --query 'value[*].storageAccountId'

2. Ensure the container storing activity logs (insights-activity-logs) is not publicly

accessible:

az storage container list --account-name <Storage Account Name> --query

"[?name=='insights-activity-logs']"
If this command returns output and no errors, the storage account is publicly accessible.

Page 320
 3. Otherwise, list Storage Account Keys for the storage account.

az storage account keys list --resource-group <storage account resource

group> --account-name <storage account name>

4. Use a key to determine if the Container is also publicly accessible (in the event
the storage account is)

az storage container list --account-name <Storage Account Name> --query

"[?name=='insights-activity-logs']" --sas-token "<base64 key value from step
3>"
Ensure publicAccess is set to null in the output of the command in step 4.
From PowerShell
Create a new storage account context with either a Storage-level SAS token with at
least read/list permissions for Blob > Service, Container, Object.
$context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName <storage account name> -
SasToken "<SAS token>"
Use the newly created storage account context to determine if the insights-activity-
logs container is publicly accessible.

Get-AzStorageContainer -Context $context -name "insights-activity-logs"

Ensure PublicAccess is empty or set to null, 0, or off.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home select the Portal Menu

2. Search for Storage Accounts to access Storage account blade
3. Click on the storage account name
4. Click on Configuration under settings
5. Select Enabled under "Allow Blob public access"

From Azure CLI

az storage container set-permission --name insights-activity-logs --account-
name <Storage Account Name> --sas-token <SAS token> --public-access off
From PowerShell
Create a new storage account context for the storage account holding the insight-
activity-logs container making sure to use a valid Shared Access Signature (SAS)
token.
$context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName <storage account name> -
SasToken "<SAS token>"

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Change the insights-activity-logs container public access to off
Set-AzStorageContainerAcl -Context $context -Name "insights-activity-logs" -
Permission Off -PassThru

Default Value:
By default, public access is set to null (allowing only private access) for a container with
activity log export.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/blobs/anonymous-read-access-
configure
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-2-secure-cloud-services-with-network-controls

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1613 TA0007 M1035

Page 322
5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with
activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed Key
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Storage accounts with the activity log exports can be configured to use Customer
Managed Keys (CMK).
Rationale:
Configuring the storage account with the activity log export container to use CMKs
provides additional confidentiality controls on log data, as a given user must have read
permission on the corresponding storage account and must be granted decrypt
permission by the CMK.
Impact:
NOTE: You must have your key vault setup to utilize this. All Audit Logs will be
encrypted with a key you provide. You will need to set up customer managed keys
separately, and you will select which key to use via the instructions here. You will be
responsible for the lifecycle of the keys, and will need to manually replace them at your
own determined intervals to keep the data secure.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Activity log
2. Select Export
3. Select Subscription
4. In section Storage Account, note the name of the Storage account
5. Close the Export Audit Logs blade. Close the Monitor - Activity Log blade.
6. In right column, Click service Storage Accounts to access Storage account blade
7. Click on the storage account name noted in step 4. This will open blade specific
to that storage account
8. Under Security + networking, click Encryption.
9. Ensure Customer-managed keys is selected and Key URI is set.

Page 323
From Azure CLI

1. Get storage account id configured with log profile:

az monitor diagnostic-settings subscription list --subscription <subscription

id> --query 'value[*].storageAccountId'

2. Ensure the storage account is encrypted with CMK:

az storage account list --query "[?name=='<Storage Account Name>']"

In command output ensure keySource is set to Microsoft.Keyvault and
keyVaultProperties is not set to null
From PowerShell
Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <storage
account name>|select-object -ExpandProperty encryption|format-list
Ensure the value of KeyVaultProperties is not null or empty, and ensure KeySource is
not set to Microsoft.Storage.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Storage accounts blade.

2. Click on the storage account.
3. Under Security + networking, click Encryption.
4. Next to Encryption type, select Customer-managed keys.
5. Complete the steps to configure a customer-managed key for encryption of the
storage account.

From Azure CLI

az storage account update --name <name of the storage account> --resource-
group <resource group for a storage account> --encryption-key-
source=Microsoft.Keyvault --encryption-key-vault <Key Vault URI> --
encryption-key-name <KeyName> --encryption-key-version <Key Version>
From PowerShell
Set-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <storage
account name> -KeyvaultEncryption -KeyVaultUri <key vault URI> -KeyName <key
name>

Default Value:
By default, for a storage account keySource is set to Microsoft.Storage allowing
encryption with vendor Managed key and not a Customer Managed Key.

Page 324
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-encrypt-sensitive-data-at-rest
2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/essentials/activity-
log?tabs=cli#managing-legacy-log-profiles

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 325
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Enable AuditEvent logging for key vault instances to ensure interactions with key vaults
are logged and available.
Rationale:
Monitoring how and when key vaults are accessed, and by whom, enables an audit trail
of interactions with confidential information, keys, and certificates managed by Azure
Keyvault. Enabling logging for Key Vault saves information in an Azure storage account
which the user provides. This creates a new container named insights-logs-auditevent
automatically for the specified storage account. This same storage account can be used
for collecting logs for multiple key vaults.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Key vaults
2. For each Key vault
3. Go to Diagnostic settings
4. Click on Edit Settings
5. Ensure that Archive to a storage account is Enabled
6. Ensure that AuditEvent is checked, and the retention days is set to 180 days or
as appropriate

From Azure CLI

List all key vaults
az keyvault list
For each keyvault id
az monitor diagnostic-settings list --resource <id>
Ensure that storageAccountId is set as appropriate. Also, ensure that category and
days are set. One of the sample outputs is as below.

Page 326
"logs": [
{
"category": "AuditEvent",
"enabled": true,
"retentionPolicy": {
"days": 180,
"enabled": true
}
}
]

From PowerShell
List the key vault(s) in the subscription
Get-AzKeyVault
For each key vault, run the following:
Get-AzDiagnosticSetting -ResourceId <key vault resource ID>
Ensure that StorageAccountId, ServiceBusRuleId, MarketplacePartnerId, or
WorkspaceId is set as appropriate. Also, ensure that enabled is set to true, and that
category and days are set under the Log heading.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Key vaults
2. Select a Key vault
3. Select Diagnostic settings
4. Click on Edit setting against an existing diagnostic setting, or Add diagnostic
setting
5. If creating a new diagnostic setting, provide a name
6. Check Archive to a storage account
7. Under Categories, check Audit Logs
8. Set an appropriate value for Retention (days)
9. Click Save

Page 327
From Azure CLI
To update an existing Diagnostic Settings
az monitor diagnostic-settings update --name "<diagnostics settings name>" --
resource <key vault resource ID> --set retentionPolicy.days=90
To create a new Diagnostic Settings
az monitor diagnostic-settings create --name <diagnostic settings name> --
resource <key vault resource ID> --logs
"[{category:AuditEvents,enabled:true,retention-
policy:{enabled:true,days:180}}]" --metrics
"[{category:AllMetrics,enabled:true,retention-
policy:{enabled:true,days:180}}]" <[--event-hub <event hub ID> --event-hub-
rule <event hub auth rule ID> | --storage-account <storage account ID> |--
workspace <log analytics workspace ID> | --marketplace-partner-id <full
resource ID of third-party solution>]>

From PowerShell
Create the Log settings object
$logSettings = @()
$logSettings += New-AzDiagnosticSettingLogSettingsObject -Enabled $true -
RetentionPolicyDay 180 -RetentionPolicyEnabled $true -Category AuditEvent
Create the Metric settings object
$metricSettings = @()
$metricSettings += New-AzDiagnosticSettingMetricSettingsObject -Enabled $true
-RetentionPolicyDay 180 -RetentionPolicyEnabled $true -Category AllMetrics
Create the Diagnostic Settings for each Key Vault
New-AzDiagnosticSetting -Name "<diagnostic setting name>" -ResourceId <key
vault resource ID> -Log $logSettings -Metric $metricSettings [-
StorageAccountId <storage account ID> | -EventHubName <event hub name> -
EventHubAuthorizationRuleId <event hub auth rule ID> | -WorkSpaceId <log
analytics workspace ID> | -MarketPlacePartnerId <full resource ID for third-
party solution>]

Default Value:
By default, Diagnostic AuditEvent logging is not enabled for Key Vault instances.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/general/howto-logging
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-8-ensure-security-of-key-and-certificate-repository
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

Page 328
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 329
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are captured
and sent to Log Analytics (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Ensure that network flow logs are captured and fed into a central log analytics
workspace.
Rationale:
Network Flow Logs provide valuable insight into the flow of traffic around your network
and feed into both Azure Monitor and Azure Sentinel (if in use), permitting the
generation of visual flow diagrams to aid with analyzing for lateral movement, etc.
Impact:
The impact of configuring NSG Flow logs is primarily one of cost and configuration. If
deployed, it will create storage accounts that hold minimal amounts of data on a 5-day
lifecycle before feeding to Log Analytics Workspace. This will increase the amount of
data stored and used by Azure Monitor.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to Network Watcher.

2. Select NSG flow logs
3. For each log you wish to audit select it from this view.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to Network Watcher.

2. Select NSG flow logs.
3. Select + Create.
4. Select the desired Subscription.
5. Select + Select NSG.
6. Select a network security group.
7. Click Confirm selection.
8. Select or create a new Storage Account.
9. Input the retention in days to retain the log.
10. Click Next.
11. Under Configuration, select Version 2.

Page 330
 12. If rich analytics are required, select Enable Traffic Analytics, a processing
interval, and a Log Analytics Workspace.
13. Select Next.
14. Optionally add Tags.
15. Select Review + create.
16. Select Create.

Warning
The remediation policy creates remediation deployment and names them by
concatenating the subscription name and the resource group name. The MAXIMUM
permitted length of a deployment name is 64 characters. Exceeding this will cause the
remediation task to fail.
Default Value:
By default Network Security Group logs are not sent to Log Analytics.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-
flow-logging-portal
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-4-enable-network-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

13.6 Collect Network Traffic Flow Logs

v8 Collect network traffic flow logs and/or network traffic to review and alert ● ●
upon from network devices.

12.8 Deploy NetFlow Collection on Networking

v7 Boundary Devices
Enable the collection of NetFlow and logging data on all network boundary
● ●
devices.

Page 331
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is
enabled (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable AppServiceHTTPLogs diagnostic log category for Azure App Service instances
to ensure all http requests are captured and centrally logged.
Rationale:
Capturing web requests can be important supporting information for security analysts
performing monitoring and incident response activities. Once logging, these logs can be
ingested into SIEM or other central aggregation point for the organization.
Impact:
Log consumption and processing will incur additional cost.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to App Services

For each App Service:

2. Go to Diagnostic Settings
3. Ensure that 'HTTP logs' is configured to log to a destination aligned to your
environments approach to log consumption (event hub, storage account, etc.
dependent on what is consuming the logs such as SIEM or other log aggregation
utility).

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to App Services

For each App Service:

2. Go to Diagnostic Settings
3. Click Add Diagnostic Setting
4. Check the checkbox next to 'HTTP logs'

Page 332
 5. Configure a destination based on your specific logging consumption capability
(for example Stream to an event hub and then consuming with SIEM integration
for Event Hub logging).

Default Value:
Not configured.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/troubleshoot-diagnostic-logs
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.7 Collect URL Request Audit Logs

v8 Collect URL request audit logs on enterprise assets, where appropriate and ● ●
supported.

7.6 Log all URL requests

v7 Log all URL requests from each of the organization's systems, whether onsite
or a mobile device, in order to identify potentially malicious activity and assist
● ●
incident handlers with identifying potentially compromised systems.

Page 333
5.2 Monitoring using Activity Log Alerts

The recommendations provided in this section are intended to provide entry-level

alerting for crucial activities on a tenant account. These recommended activities should
be tuned to your needs. By default, each of these Activity Log Alerts tends to guide the
reader to alerting at the "Subscription-wide" level which will capture and alert on rules
triggered by all resources and resource groups contained within a subscription. This is
not an ideal rule set for Alerting within larger and more complex organizations.
While this section provides recommendations for the creation of Activity Log Alerts
specifically, Microsoft Azure supports four different types of alerts:

• Metric Alerts
• Log Alerts
• Activity Log Alerts
• Smart Detection Alerts

All Azure services (Microsoft provided or otherwise) that can generate alerts are
assigned a "Resource provider namespace" when they are registered in an Azure
tenant. The recommendations in this section are in no way exhaustive of the plethora of
available "Providers" or "Resource Types." The Resource Providers that are registered
in your Azure Tenant can be located in your Subscription. Each registered Provider in
your environment may have available "Conditions" to raise alerts via Activity Log Alerts.
These providers should be considered for inclusion in Activity Log Alert rules of your
own making.
To view the registered resource providers in your Subscription(s), use this guide:

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-
manager/management/resource-providers-and-types

If you wish to create custom alerting rules for Activity Log Alerts or other alert types,
please refer to Microsoft documentation:

• https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/alerts/alerts-create-new-
alert-rule

Page 334
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy
Assignment (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Create Policy Assignment event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for create policy assignment events gives insight into changes done in
"Azure policy - assignments" and can reduce the time it takes to detect unsolicited
changes.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Create policy assignment
(policyAssignments)
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription ID> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write in the output. If it's
missing, generate a finding.

Page 335
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf
If the output is empty, an alert rule for Create Policy Assignments is not configured.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Policy assignment
(policyAssignments).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Create policy assignment
(Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click elect action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write and
level=<verbose | information | warning | error | critical> --scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription ID> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

Page 336
From PowerShell
Create the conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level
Get the Action Group information and store it in a variable, then create a new Action
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope variable.
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/write

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity alert rule name>" -ResourceGroupName

"<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope $scope -Location global
-Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID> -Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/policy/policy-assignments
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/alerts/alerts-log

Page 337
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 338
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy
Assignment (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Delete Policy Assignment event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for delete policy assignment events gives insight into changes done in "azure
policy - assignments" and can reduce the time it takes to detect unsolicited changes.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Delete policy assignment
(policyAssignments)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription ID> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete in the output
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Page 339
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Policy assignment
(policyAssignments).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Delete policy assignment
(Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete and
level=<verbose | information | warning | error | critical> --scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

From PowerShell
Create the conditions object
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level

Page 340
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Action
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope variable.
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription id>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Authorization/policyAssignments/delete.

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
5. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/blueprints/

Additional Information:
This log alert also applies for Azure Blueprints.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 341
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
Network Security Group (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an Activity Log Alert for the Create or Update Network Security Group event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Create or Update Network Security Group events gives insight into
network access changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Create or Update Network
Security Group (networkSecurityGroups)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription ID> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write in the output
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Page 342
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Network security groups.
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Create or Update Network Security Group
(Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write and level=verbose
--scope "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>"
--subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level

Page 343
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id

Create the Scope object

$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription id>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/write

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 344
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network
Security Group (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Delete Network Security Group event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for "Delete Network Security Group" events gives insight into network access
changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Delete Network Security Group
(networkSecurityGroups)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription ID> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete in the output
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Page 345
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Network security groups.
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Delete Network Security Group
(Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete and
level=<verbose | information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level

Page 346
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription id>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups/delete

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 347
5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
Security Solution (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Create or Update Security Solution event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Create or Update Security Solution events gives insight into changes to
the active security solutions and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious
activity.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Security', Signal name='Create or Update Security Solutions
(securitySolutions)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write in the output
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Page 348
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Security Solutions
(securitySolutions).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Create or Update Security Solutions
(Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write and level=<verbose |
information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level

Page 349
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/write

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 350
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security
Solution (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Delete Security Solution event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Delete Security Solution events gives insight into changes to the active
security solutions and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Audit:
From Azure Console

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Security', Signal name='Delete Security Solutions
(securitySolutions)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete in the output
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Page 351
Remediation:
From Azure Console

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Security Solutions
(securitySolutions).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Delete Security Solutions
(Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete and level=<verbose
| information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level

Page 352
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Security/securitySolutions/delete

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 353
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
SQL Server Firewall Rule (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Create or Update SQL Server Firewall Rule event.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Create or Update SQL Server Firewall Rule events gives insight into
network access changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Impact:
There will be a substantial increase in log size if there are a large number of
administrative actions on a server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Create/Update server firewall
rule (servers/firewallRules)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write in the output

Page 354
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Server Firewall Rule
(servers/firewallRules).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Create/Update server firewall rule
(Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write and level=<verbose |
information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

Page 355
From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/write
New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -
ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created or active.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

Page 356
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 357
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL Server
Firewall Rule (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the "Delete SQL Server Firewall Rule."
Rationale:
Monitoring for Delete SQL Server Firewall Rule events gives insight into SQL network
access changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Impact:
There will be a substantial increase in log size if there are a large number of
administrative actions on a server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Delete server firewall rule
(servers/firewallRules)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete in the output

Page 358
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Server Firewall Rule
(servers/firewallRules).
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Delete server firewall rule
(Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete and level=<verbose |
information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

Page 359
From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Sql/servers/firewallRules/delete

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created or active.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

Page 360
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 361
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
Public IP Address rule (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Create or Update Public IP Addresses rule.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Create or Update Public IP Address events gives insight into network
access changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Impact:
There will be a substantial increase in log size if there are a large number of
administrative actions on a server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Create or Update Public Ip
Address (publicIPAddresses)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write in the output

Page 362
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Public IP addresses.
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Create or Update Public Ip Address
(Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write and level=<verbose |
information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

Page 363
From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/write
New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -
ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created or active.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

Page 364
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 365
5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP
Address rule (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Create an activity log alert for the Delete Public IP Address rule.
Rationale:
Monitoring for Delete Public IP Address events gives insight into network access
changes and may reduce the time it takes to detect suspicious activity.
Impact:
There will be a substantial increase in log size if there are a large number of
administrative actions on a server.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade

2. Click on Alerts
3. In the Alerts window, click on Alert rules
4. Hover mouse over the values in the Condition column to find an alert where
Operation name=Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete
5. Click on the Alert Name associated with the previous step
6. Click on the Condition name of Whenever the Activity Log has an event with
Category='Administrative', Signal name='Delete Public Ip Address
(Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses)'
7. In the Configure signal logic window, ensure the following is configured:
o Event level: All selected
o Status: All selected
o Event initiated by: * (All services and users)
8. Click Done
9. Back in the < Alert Name > window, review Actions to ensure that an Action
group is assigned to notify the appropriate personnel in your organization.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert list --subscription <subscription Id> --query
"[].{Name:name,Enabled:enabled,Condition:condition.allOf,Actions:actions}"
Look for Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete in the output

Page 366
From PowerShell
Get-AzActivityLogAlert -SubscriptionId <subscription ID>|where-object
{$_.ConditionAllOf.Equal -match
"Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete"}|select-object
Location,Name,Enabled,ResourceGroupName,ConditionAllOf

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the Monitor blade.

2. Select Alerts.
3. Select Create.
4. Select Alert rule.
5. Under Filter by subscription, choose a subscription.
6. Under Filter by resource type, select Public IP addresses.
7. Under Filter by location, select All.
8. From the results, select the subscription.
9. Select Done.
10. Select the Condition tab.
11. Under Signal name, click Delete Public Ip Address
(Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses).
12. Select the Actions tab.
13. To use an existing action group, click Select action groups. To create a new
action group, click Create action group. Fill out the appropriate details for the
selection.
14. Select the Details tab.
15. Select a Resource group, provide an Alert rule name and an optional Alert
rule description.
16. Click Review + create.
17. Click Create.

From Azure CLI

az monitor activity-log alert create --resource-group "<resource group name>"
--condition category=Administrative and
operationName=Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete and level=<verbose |
information | warning | error | critical>--scope
"/subscriptions/<subscription ID>" --name "<activity log rule name>" --
subscription <subscription id> --action-group <action group ID> --location
global

Page 367
From PowerShell
Create the Conditions object.
$conditions = @()
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Administrative -Field category
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete -Field operationName
$conditions += New-AzActivityLogAlertAlertRuleAnyOfOrLeafConditionObject -
Equal Verbose -Field level
Retrieve the Action Group information and store in a variable, then create the Actions
object.
$actionGroup = Get-AzActionGroup -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <action group name>
$actionObject = New-AzActivityLogAlertActionGroupObject -Id $actionGroup.Id
Create the Scope object
$scope = "/subscriptions/<subscription ID>"
Create the Activity Log Alert Rule for
Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses/delete

New-AzActivityLogAlert -Name "<activity log alert rule name>" -

ResourceGroupName "<resource group name>" -Condition $conditions -Scope
$scope -Location global -Action $actionObject -Subscription <subscription ID>
-Enabled $true

Default Value:
By default, no monitoring alerts are created or active.
References:

1. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/classic-alerting-monitoring-retirement
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/azure/azure-monitor/platform/alerts-activity-log
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/createorupdate
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
in/rest/api/monitor/activitylogalerts/listbysubscriptionid
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

Page 368
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

Page 369
5.3 Configuring Application Insights

Page 370
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Application Insights within Azure act as an Application Performance Monitoring solution
providing valuable data into how well an application performs and additional information
when performing incident response. The types of log data collected include application
metrics, telemetry data, and application trace logging data providing organizations with
detailed information about application activity and application transactions. Both data
sets help organizations adopt a proactive and retroactive means to handle security and
performance related metrics within their modern applications.
Rationale:
Configuring Application Insights provides additional data not found elsewhere within
Azure as part of a much larger logging and monitoring program within an organization's
Information Security practice. The types and contents of these logs will act as both a
potential cost saving measure (application performance) and a means to potentially
confirm the source of a potential incident (trace logging). Metrics and Telemetry data
provide organizations with a proactive approach to cost savings by monitoring an
application's performance, while the trace logging data provides necessary details in a
reactive incident response scenario by helping organizations identify the potential
source of an incident within their application.
Impact:
Because Application Insights relies on a Log Analytics Workspace, an organization will
incur additional expenses when using this service.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to Application Insights

2. Ensure an Application Insights service is configured and exists.

From Azure CLI

Note: The application-insights extension to Azure CLI is currently in Preview
Add the application-insights extension.
az extension add --name application-insights
az monitor app-insights component show --query "[].{ID:appId, Name:name,
Tenant:tenantId, Location:location, Provisioning_State:provisioningState}"
Ensure the above command produces output, otherwise Application Insights has not
been configured.

Page 371
From PowerShell
Get-AzApplicationInsights|select
location,name,appid,provisioningState,tenantid

Remediation:
Remediation Procedures
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to Application Insights

2. Under the Basics tab within the PROJECT DETAILS section, select the
Subscription
3. Select the Resource group
4. Within the INSTANCE DETAILS, enter a Name
5. Select a Region
6. Next to Resource Mode, select Workspace-based
7. Within the WORKSPACE DETAILS, select the Subscription for the log analytics
workspace
8. Select the appropriate Log Analytics Workspace
9. Click Next:Tags >
10. Enter the appropriate Tags as Name, Value pairs.
11. Click Next:Review+Create
12. Click Create

From Azure CLI

az monitor app-insights component create --app <app name> --resource-group
<resource group name> --location <location> --kind "web" --retention-time
<INT days to retain logs> --workspace <log analytics workspace ID> --
subscription <subscription ID>
From PowerShell
New-AzApplicationInsights -Kind "web" -ResourceGroupName <resource group
name> -Name <app insights name> -location <location> -RetentionInDays <INT
days to retain logs> -SubscriptionID <subscription ID> -WorkspaceResourceId
<log analytics workspace ID>

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.2 Activate audit logging

v7 Ensure that local logging has been enabled on all systems and networking ● ● ●
devices.

Page 372
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event
source, date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and
● ●
other useful elements.

v7 18 Application Software Security

Application Software Security

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0002, TA0042, TA0043

Page 373
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled for
All Services that Support it (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Resource Logs capture activity to the data access plane while the Activity log is a
subscription-level log for the control plane. Resource-level diagnostic logs provide
insight into operations that were performed within that resource itself; for example,
reading or updating a secret from a Key Vault. Currently, 95 Azure resources support
Azure Monitoring (See the more information section for a complete list), including
Network Security Groups, Load Balancers, Key Vault, AD, Logic Apps, and CosmosDB.
The content of these logs varies by resource type.
A number of back-end services were not configured to log and store Resource Logs for
certain activities or for a sufficient length. It is crucial that monitoring is correctly
configured to log all relevant activities and retain those logs for a sufficient length of
time. Given that the mean time to detection in an enterprise is 240 days, a minimum
retention period of two years is recommended.
Rationale:
A lack of monitoring reduces the visibility into the data plane, and therefore an
organization's ability to detect reconnaissance, authorization attempts or other malicious
activity. Unlike Activity Logs, Resource Logs are not enabled by default. Specifically,
without monitoring it would be impossible to tell which entities had accessed a data
store that was breached. In addition, alerts for failed attempts to access APIs for Web
Services or Databases are only possible when logging is enabled.
Impact:
Costs for monitoring varies with Log Volume. Not every resource needs to have logging
enabled. It is important to determine the security classification of the data being
processed by the given resource and adjust the logging based on which events need to
be tracked. This is typically determined by governance and compliance requirements.
Audit:
From Azure Portal
The specific steps for configuring resources within the Azure
console vary depending on resource, but typically the steps are:

1. Go to the resource
2. Click on Diagnostic settings
3. In the blade that appears, click "Add diagnostic setting"
4. Configure the diagnostic settings

Page 374
 5. Click on Save

From Azure CLI

List all resources for a subscription
az resource list --subscription <subscription id>
For each resource run the following
az monitor diagnostic-settings list --resource <resource ID>
An empty result means a diagnostic settings is not configured for that resource. An
error message means a diagnostic settings is not supported for that resource.
From PowerShell
Get a list of resources in a subscription context and store in a variable
$resources = Get-AzResource
Loop through each resource to determine if a diagnostic setting is configured or not.
foreach ($resource in $resources) {$diagnosticSetting = Get-
AzDiagnosticSetting -ResourceId $resource.id -ErrorAction "SilentlyContinue";
if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($diagnosticSetting)) {$message = "Diagnostic
Settings not configured for resource: " + $resource.Name;Write-Output
$message}else{$diagnosticSetting}}
A result of Diagnostic Settings not configured for resource: <resource name>
means a diagnostic settings is not configured for that resource. Otherwise, the output
of the above command will show configured Diagnostic Settings for a resource.

Remediation:
Azure Subscriptions should log every access and operation for all resources.
Logs should be sent to Storage and a Log Analytics Workspace or equivalent third-party
system. Logs should be kept in readily-accessible storage for a minimum of one year,
and then moved to inexpensive cold storage for a duration of time as necessary. If
retention policies are set but storing logs in a Storage Account is disabled (for example,
if only Event Hubs or Log Analytics options are selected), the retention policies have no
effect. Enable all monitoring at first, and then be more aggressive moving data to cold
storage if the volume of data becomes a cost concern.
From Azure Portal
The specific steps for configuring resources within the Azure console vary depending on
resource, but typically the steps are:

1. Go to the resource
2. Click on Diagnostic settings
3. In the blade that appears, click "Add diagnostic setting"
4. Configure the diagnostic settings
5. Click on Save

Page 375
From Azure CLI
For each resource, run the following making sure to use a resource appropriate JSON
encoded category for the --logs option.
az monitor diagnostic-settings create --name <diagnostic settings name> --
resource <resource ID> --logs "[{category:<resource specific
category>,enabled:true,rentention-policy:{enabled:true,days:180}}]" --metrics
"[{category:AllMetrics,enabled:true,retention-
policy:{enabled:true,days:180}}]" <[--event-hub <event hub ID> --event-hub-
rule <event hub auth rule ID> | --storage-account <storage account ID> |--
workspace <log analytics workspace ID> | --marketplace-partner-id <full
resource ID of third-party solution>]>
From PowerShell
Create the log settings object
$logSettings = @()
$logSettings += New-AzDiagnosticSettingLogSettingsObject -Enabled $true -
RetentionPolicyDay 180 -RetentionPolicyEnabled $true -Category <resource
specific category>
$logSettings += New-AzDiagnosticSettingLogSettingsObject -Enabled $true -
RetentionPolicyDay 180 -RetentionPolicyEnabled $true -Category <resource
specific category number 2>
Create the metric settings object
$metricSettings = @()
$metricSettings += New-AzDiagnosticSettingMetricSettingsObject -Enabled $true
-RetentionPolicyDay 180 -RetentionPolicyEnabled $true -Category AllMetrics
Create the diagnostic setting for a specific resource
New-AzDiagnosticSetting -Name "<diagnostic settings name>" -ResourceId
<resource ID> -Log $logSettings -Metric $metricSettings

Default Value:
By default, Azure Monitor Resource Logs are 'Disabled' for all resources.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-security-investigation
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-5-centralize-security-log-management-and-analysis
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/essentials/monitor-azure-
resource
4. Supported Log Categories: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-
monitor/essentials/resource-logs-categories
5. Logs and Audit - Fundamentals: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/azure/security/fundamentals/log-audit
6. Collecting Logs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-
monitor/platform/collect-activity-logs

Page 376
 7. Key Vault Logging: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-
logging
8. Monitor Diagnostic Settings: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/cli/azure/monitor/diagnostic-settings?view=azure-cli-latest
9. Overview of Diagnostic Logs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-
monitor/platform/diagnostic-logs-overview
10. Supported Services for Diagnostic Logs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/azure/azure-monitor/platform/diagnostic-logs-schema
11. Diagnostic Logs for CDNs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cdn/cdn-
azure-diagnostic-logs

Additional Information:
Note: The CIS Benchmark covers some specific Diagnostic Logs separately.
Section 3 - Storage Accounts: Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests

Section 6 - Network: Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
period is 'greater than 90 days'
For an up-to-date list of Azure resources which support Azure Monitor, refer to the
"Supported Log Categories" reference.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.5 Collect Detailed Audit Logs

v8 Configure detailed audit logging for enterprise assets containing sensitive data.
Include event source, date, username, timestamp, source addresses, destination
● ●
addresses, and other useful elements that could assist in a forensic investigation.

8.9 Centralize Audit Logs

v8 Centralize, to the extent possible, audit log collection and retention across ● ●
enterprise assets.

6.3 Enable Detailed Logging

v7 Enable system logging to include detailed information such as an event source,
date, user, timestamp, source addresses, destination addresses, and other useful
● ●
elements.

6.5 Central Log Management

v7 Ensure that appropriate logs are being aggregated to a central log ● ●
management system for analysis and review.

Page 377
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 378
5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on artifacts
that need to be monitored (Particularly for Production Workloads)
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
The use of Basic or Free SKUs in Azure whilst cost effective have significant limitations
in terms of what can be monitored and what support can be realized from Microsoft.
Typically, these SKU’s do not have a service SLA and Microsoft will usually refuse to
provide support for them. Consequently Basic/Free SKUs should never be used for
production workloads.
Rationale:
Typically, production workloads need to be monitored and should have an SLA with
Microsoft, using Basic SKUs for any deployed product will mean that that these
capabilities do not exist.
The following resource types should use standard SKUs as a minimum.

• Public IP Addresses
• Network Load Balancers
• REDIS Cache
• SQL PaaS Databases
• VPN Gateways

Impact:
The impact of enforcing Standard SKU's is twofold

1. There will be a cost increase

2. The monitoring and service level agreements will be available and will support
the production service.

All resources should be either tagged or in separate Management Groups/Subscriptions

Audit:
This needs to be audited by Azure Policy (one for each resource type) and denied for
each artifact that is production.
From Azure Portal

1. Open Azure Resource Graph Explorer

2. Click New query

Page 379
 3. Paste the following into the query window:

Resources
| where sku contains 'Basic' or sku contains 'consumption'
| order by type

4. Click Run query then evaluate the results in the results window.

From Azure CLI

az graph query -q "Resources | sku contains 'Basic' or sku contains
'consumption' | order by type"
From PowerShell
Get-AzResource | ?{ $_.Sku -EQ "Basic"}

Remediation:
Each artifact has its own process for upgrading from basic to standard SKU's and this
should be followed if required.
Default Value:
Policy should enforce standard SKUs for the following artifacts:

• Public IP Addresses
• Network Load Balancers
• REDIS Cache
• SQL PaaS Databases
• VPN Gateways

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

5.5 Implement Automated Configuration Monitoring

Systems
v7 Utilize a Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) compliant configuration ● ●
monitoring system to verify all security configuration elements, catalog approved
exceptions, and alert when unauthorized changes occur.

Page 380
6 Networking
This section covers security recommendations to follow in order to set networking
policies on an Azure subscription.

Page 381
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated and
restricted (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Network security groups should be periodically evaluated for port misconfigurations.
Where certain ports and protocols may be exposed to the Internet, they should be
evaluated for necessity and restricted wherever they are not explicitly required.
Rationale:
The potential security problem with using RDP over the Internet is that attackers can
use various brute force techniques to gain access to Azure Virtual Machines. Once the
attackers gain access, they can use a virtual machine as a launch point for
compromising other machines on an Azure Virtual Network or even attack networked
devices outside of Azure.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. For each VM, open the Networking blade

2. Verify that the INBOUND PORT RULES does not have a rule for RDP such as
o port = 3389,
o protocol = TCP,
o Source = Any OR Internet

From Azure CLI

List Network security groups with corresponding non-default Security rules:
az network nsg list --query [*].[name,securityRules]
Ensure that none of the NSGs have security rule as below
"access" : "Allow"
"destinationPortRange" : "3389" or "*" or "[port range containing 3389]"
"direction" : "Inbound"
"protocol" : "TCP"
"sourceAddressPrefix" : "*" or "0.0.0.0" or "<nw>/0" or "/0" or "internet" or
"any"

Page 382
Remediation:
Where RDP is not explicitly required and narrowly configured for resources attached to
the Network Security Group, Internet-level access to your Azure resources should be
restricted or eliminated.
For internal access to relevant resources, configure an encrypted network tunnel such
as:
ExpressRoute
Site-to-site VPN
Point-to-site VPN
Default Value:
By default, RDP access from internet is not enabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/azure-security-network-security-
best-practices#disable-rdpssh-access-to-azure-virtual-machines
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-1-establish-network-segmentation-boundaries
3. Express Route: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/
4. Site-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-site-to-site-resource-manager-portal
5. Point-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-point-to-site-resource-manager-portal

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

4.5 Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User

Devices
v8 Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user ● ● ●
devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and
ports that are explicitly allowed.

v8 13.4 Perform Traffic Filtering Between Network Segments ● ●

Perform traffic filtering between network segments, where appropriate.

Page 383
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

9.2 Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services

v7 Are Running
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system
● ●
with validated business needs, are running on each system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1021.001 TA0001 M1035

Page 384
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated and
restricted (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Network security groups should be periodically evaluated for port misconfigurations.
Where certain ports and protocols may be exposed to the Internet, they should be
evaluated for necessity and restricted wherever they are not explicitly required.
Rationale:
The potential security problem with using SSH over the Internet is that attackers can
use various brute force techniques to gain access to Azure Virtual Machines. Once the
attackers gain access, they can use a virtual machine as a launch point for
compromising other machines on the Azure Virtual Network or even attack networked
devices outside of Azure.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the Networking blade for the specific Virtual machine in Azure portal
2. Verify that the INBOUND PORT RULES does not have a rule for SSH such as
o port = 22,
o protocol = TCP,
o Source = Any OR Internet

From Azure CLI

List Network security groups with corresponding non-default Security rules:
az network nsg list --query [*].[name,securityRules]
Ensure that none of the NSGs have security rule as below
"access" : "Allow"
"destinationPortRange" : "22" or "*" or "[port range containing 22]"
"direction" : "Inbound"
"protocol" : "TCP"
"sourceAddressPrefix" : "*" or "0.0.0.0" or "<nw>/0" or "/0" or "internet" or
"any"

Page 385
Remediation:
Where SSH is not explicitly required and narrowly configured for resources attached to
the Network Security Group, Internet-level access to your Azure resources should be
restricted or eliminated.
For internal access to relevant resources, configure an encrypted network tunnel such
as:
ExpressRoute
Site-to-site VPN
Point-to-site VPN
Default Value:
By default, SSH access from internet is not enabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/azure-security-network-security-
best-practices#disable-rdpssh-access-to-azure-virtual-machines
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-1-establish-network-segmentation-boundaries
3. Express Route: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/
4. Site-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-site-to-site-resource-manager-portal
5. Point-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-point-to-site-resource-manager-portal

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

4.5 Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User

Devices
v8 Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user ● ● ●
devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and
ports that are explicitly allowed.

v8 13.4 Perform Traffic Filtering Between Network Segments ● ●

Perform traffic filtering between network segments, where appropriate.

Page 386
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

9.2 Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services

v7 Are Running
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system
● ●
with validated business needs, are running on each system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1021.004 TA0001 M1035

Page 387
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated and
restricted (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Network security groups should be periodically evaluated for port misconfigurations.
Where certain ports and protocols may be exposed to the Internet, they should be
evaluated for necessity and restricted wherever they are not explicitly required.
Rationale:
The potential security problem with broadly exposing UDP services over the Internet is
that attackers can use DDoS amplification techniques to reflect spoofed UDP traffic
from Azure Virtual Machines. The most common types of these attacks use exposed
DNS, NTP, SSDP, SNMP, CLDAP and other UDP-based services as amplification
sources for disrupting services of other machines on the Azure Virtual Network or even
attack networked devices outside of Azure.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the Networking blade for the specific Virtual machine in Azure portal
2. Verify that the INBOUND PORT RULES does not have a rule for UDP such as

• protocol = UDP,
• Source = Any OR Internet

From Azure CLI

List Network security groups with corresponding non-default Security rules:
az network nsg list --query [*].[name,securityRules]
Ensure that none of the NSGs have security rule as below
"access" : "Allow"
"destinationPortRange" : "*" or "[port range containing 53, 123, 161, 389,
1900, or other vulnerable UDP-based services]"
"direction" : "Inbound"
"protocol" : "UDP"
"sourceAddressPrefix" : "*" or "0.0.0.0" or "<nw>/0" or "/0" or "internet" or
"any"

Page 388
Remediation:
Where UDP is not explicitly required and narrowly configured for resources attached to
the Network Security Group, Internet-level access to your Azure resources should be
restricted or eliminated.
For internal access to relevant resources, configure an encrypted network tunnel such
as:
ExpressRoute
Site-to-site VPN
Point-to-site VPN
Default Value:
By default, UDP access from internet is not enabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/network-best-
practices#secure-your-critical-azure-service-resources-to-only-your-virtual-
networks
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/ddos-best-
practices
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-1-establish-network-segmentation-boundaries
4. ExpressRoute: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/
5. Site-to-site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-site-to-site-resource-manager-portal
6. Point-to-site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-point-to-site-resource-manager-portal

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

4.5 Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User

Devices
v8 Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user ● ● ●
devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and
ports that are explicitly allowed.

v8 13.4 Perform Traffic Filtering Between Network Segments ● ●

Perform traffic filtering between network segments, where appropriate.

Page 389
 Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

9.2 Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services

v7 Are Running
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system
● ●
with validated business needs, are running on each system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1095 TA0011 M1037

Page 390
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is evaluated
and restricted (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Network security groups should be periodically evaluated for port misconfigurations.
Where certain ports and protocols may be exposed to the Internet, they should be
evaluated for necessity and restricted wherever they are not explicitly required and
narrowly configured.
Rationale:
The potential security problem with using HTTP(S) over the Internet is that attackers
can use various brute force techniques to gain access to Azure resources. Once the
attackers gain access, they can use the resource as a launch point for compromising
other resources within the Azure tenant.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. For each VM, open the Networking blade

2. Verify that the INBOUND PORT RULES does not have a rule for HTTP such as
o port = 80,
o protocol = TCP,
o Source = Any OR Internet

From Azure CLI

List Network security groups with corresponding non-default Security rules:
az network nsg list --query [*].[name,securityRules]
Ensure that none of the NSGs have security rule as below
"access" : "Allow"
"destinationPortRange" : "80" or "*" or "[port range containing 80]"
"direction" : "Inbound"
"protocol" : "TCP"
"sourceAddressPrefix" : "*" or "0.0.0.0" or "<nw>/0" or "/0" or "internet" or
"any"

Page 391
Remediation:
Where HTTP(S) is not explicitly required and narrowly configured for resources
attached to the Network Security Group, Internet-level access to your Azure resources
should be restricted or eliminated.
For internal access to relevant resources, configure an encrypted network tunnel such
as:
ExpressRoute
Site-to-site VPN
Point-to-site VPN
References:

1. Express Route: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/

2. Site-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-site-to-site-resource-manager-portal
3. Point-to-Site VPN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/vpn-gateway/vpn-
gateway-howto-point-to-site-resource-manager-portal
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-1-establish-network-segmentation-boundaries

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

4.4 Implement and Manage a Firewall on Servers

v8 Implement and manage a firewall on servers, where supported. Example
implementations include a virtual firewall, operating system firewall, or a third-
● ● ●
party firewall agent.

4.5 Implement and Manage a Firewall on End-User

Devices
v8 Implement and manage a host-based firewall or port-filtering tool on end-user ● ● ●
devices, with a default-deny rule that drops all traffic except those services and
ports that are explicitly allowed.

v8 13.4 Perform Traffic Filtering Between Network Segments ● ●

Perform traffic filtering between network segments, where appropriate.

9.2 Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services

v7 Are Running
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system
● ●
with validated business needs, are running on each system.

Page 392
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1050

Page 393
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period
is 'greater than 90 days' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Network Security Group Flow Logs should be enabled and the retention period set to
greater than or equal to 90 days.
Rationale:
Flow logs enable capturing information about IP traffic flowing in and out of network
security groups. Logs can be used to check for anomalies and give insight into
suspected breaches.
Impact:
This will keep IP traffic logs for longer than 90 days. As a level 2, first determine your
need to retain data, then apply your selection here. As this is data stored for longer,
your monthly storage costs will increase depending on your data use.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Network Watcher
2. Select NSG flow logs blade in the Logs section
3. Select each Network Security Group from the list
4. Ensure Status is set to On
5. Ensure Retention (days) setting greater than 90 days

From Azure CLI

az network watcher flow-log show --resource-group <resourceGroup> --nsg
<NameorID of the NetworkSecurityGroup> --query 'retentionPolicy'
Ensure that enabled is set to true and days is set to greater then or equal to 90.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Network Watcher
2. Select NSG flow logs blade in the Logs section
3. Select each Network Security Group from the list
4. Ensure Status is set to On
5. Ensure Retention (days) setting greater than 90 days
6. Select your storage account in the Storage account field

Page 394
 7. Select Save

From Azure CLI

Enable the NSG flow logs and set the Retention (days) to greater than or equal to 90
days.
az network watcher flow-log configure --nsg <NameorID of the Network Security
Group> --enabled true --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --retention 91 --
storage-account <NameorID of the storage account to save flow logs>

Default Value:
By default, Network Security Group Flow Logs are disabled.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-nsg-
flow-logging-overview
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/watcher/flow-log?view=azure-
cli-latest
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
logging-threat-detection#lt-6-configure-log-storage-retention

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

8.3 Ensure Adequate Audit Log Storage

v8 Ensure that logging destinations maintain adequate storage to comply with ● ● ●
the enterprise’s audit log management process.

v8 8.10 Retain Audit Logs ● ●

Retain audit logs across enterprise assets for a minimum of 90 days.

6.4 Ensure adequate storage for logs

v7 Ensure that all systems that store logs have adequate storage space for the ● ●
logs generated.

Page 395
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Enable Network Watcher for Azure subscriptions.
Rationale:
Network diagnostic and visualization tools available with Network Watcher help users
understand, diagnose, and gain insights to the network in Azure.
Impact:
There are additional costs per transaction to run and store network data. For high-
volume networks these charges will add up quickly.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Network Watcher
2. Ensure that the STATUS is set to Enabled

From Azure CLI

az network watcher list
This will list all regions where provisioningState is Succeeded.
Then run
az account list-locations
This will list all regions that exist in the subscription. Compare this list to the previous
one to ensure that for all regions, provisioningState is set to Succeeded.
From PowerShell
Get a list of Network Watchers
Get-AzNetworkWatcher
Make sure each watcher is set with the ProvisioningState setting set to Succeeded and
all Locations are set with a watcher.

Remediation:
Opting out of Network Watcher automatic enablement is a permanent change. Once
you opt-out you cannot opt-in without contacting support.

Page 396
Default Value:
Network Watcher is automatically enabled. When you create or update a virtual network
in your subscription, Network Watcher will be enabled automatically in your Virtual
Network's region. There is no impact to your resources or associated charge for
automatically enabling Network Watcher.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-
monitoring-overview
2. https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/cli/network/watcher?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_network_watcher_list
3. https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/cli/network/watcher?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_network_watcher_configure
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/network-watcher/network-watcher-create
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/benchmarks/security-controls-v2-
logging-threat-detection#lt-3-enable-logging-for-azure-network-activities
6. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/pricing/details/network-watcher/

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

12.4 Establish and Maintain Architecture Diagram(s)

v8 Establish and maintain architecture diagram(s) and/or other network system
documentation. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant
● ●
enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.

11.2 Document Traffic Configuration Rules

All configuration rules that allow traffic to flow through network devices should
v7 be documented in a configuration management system with a specific business ● ●
reason for each rule, a specific individual’s name responsible for that business
need, and an expected duration of the need.

v7 12.1 Maintain an Inventory of Network Boundaries ● ● ●

Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all of the organization's network boundaries.

Page 397
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a Periodic
Basis (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Public IP Addresses provide tenant accounts with Internet connectivity for resources
contained within the tenant. During the creation of certain resources in Azure, a Public
IP Address may be created. All Public IP Addresses within the tenant should be
periodically reviewed for accuracy and necessity.
Rationale:
Public IP Addresses allocated to the tenant should be periodically reviewed for
necessity. Public IP Addresses that are not intentionally assigned and controlled
present a publicly facing vector for threat actors and significant risk to the tenant.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Open the All Resources blade

2. Click on Add Filter
3. In the Add Filter window, select the following:
Filter: Type
Operator: Equals
Value: Public IP address
4. Click the Apply button
5. For each Public IP address in the list, use Overview (or Properties) to review the
"Associated to:" field and determine if the associated resource is still relevant
to your tenant environment. If the associated resource is relevant, ensure that
additional controls exist to mitigate risk (e.g. Firewalls, VPNs, Traffic Filtering,
Virtual Gateway Appliances, Web Application Firewalls, etc.) on all subsequently
attached resources.

From Azure CLI

List all Public IP addresses:
az network public-ip list
For each Public IP address in the output, review the "name" property and determine if
the associated resource is still relevant to your tenant environment. If the associated
resource is relevant, ensure that additional controls exist to mitigate risk (e.g. Firewalls,
VPNs, Traffic Filtering, Virtual Gateway Appliances, Web Application Firewalls, etc.) on
all subsequently attached resources.

Page 398
Remediation:
Remediation will vary significantly depending on your organization's security
requirements for the resources attached to each individual Public IP address.
Default Value:
During Virtual Machine and Application creation, a setting may create and attach a
public IP.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/public-ip?view=azure-cli-latest
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.1 Ensure Network Infrastructure is Up-to-Date

Ensure network infrastructure is kept up-to-date. Example implementations
v8 include running the latest stable release of software and/or using currently ● ● ●
supported network-as-a-service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions
monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.

v7 12.1 Maintain an Inventory of Network Boundaries ● ● ●

Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all of the organization's network boundaries.

Page 399
7 Virtual Machines
This section covers security recommendations to follow for the configuration of Virtual
Machines on an Azure subscription.

Page 400
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
The Azure Bastion service allows secure remote access to Azure Virtual Machines over
the Internet without exposing remote access protocol ports and services directly to the
Internet. The Azure Bastion service provides this access using TLS over 443/TCP, and
subscribes to hardened configurations within an organization's Azure Active Directory
service.
Rationale:
The Azure Bastion service allows organizations a more secure means of accessing
Azure Virtual Machines over the Internet without assigning public IP addresses to those
Virtual Machines. The Azure Bastion service provides Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
and Secure Shell (SSH) access to Virtual Machines using TLS within a web browser,
thus preventing organizations from opening up 3389/TCP and 22/TCP to the Internet on
Azure Virtual Machines. Additional benefits of the Bastion service includes Multi-Factor
Authentication, Conditional Access Policies, and any other hardening measures
configured within Azure Active Directory using a central point of access.
Impact:
The Azure Bastion service incurs additional costs and requires a specific virtual network
configuration. The Standard tier offers additional configuration options compared to the
Basic tier and may incur additional costs for those added features.

Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Click on Bastions
2. Ensure there is at least one Bastion host listed under the Name column

From Azure CLI

Note: The Azure CLI network bastion module is in Preview as of this writing
az network bastion list --subscription <subscription ID>
Ensure the output of the above command is not empty.
From PowerShell
Retrieve the Bastion host(s) information for a specific Resource Group
Get-AzBastion -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>
Ensure the output of the above command is not empty.

Page 401
Remediation:
From Azure Portal*

1. Click on Bastions
2. Select the Subscription
3. Select the Resource group
4. Type a Name for the new Bastion host
5. Select a Region
6. Choose Standard next to Tier
7. Use the slider to set the Instance count
8. Select the Virtual network or Create new
9. Select the Subnet named AzureBastionSubnet. Create a Subnet named
AzureBastionSubnet using a /26 CIDR range if it doesn't already exist.
10. Selct the appropriate Public IP address option.
11. If Create new is selected for the Public IP address option, provide a Public IP
address name.
12. If Use existing is selected for Public IP address option, select an IP address
from Choose public IP address
13. Click Next: Tags >
14. Configure the appropriate Tags
15. Click Next: Advanced >
16. Select the appropriate Advanced options
17. Click Next: Review + create >
18. Click Create

From Azure CLI

az network bastion create --location <location> --name <name of bastion host>
--public-ip-address <public IP address name or ID> --resource-group <resource
group name or ID> --vnet-name <virtual network containing subnet called
"AzureBastionSubnet"> --scale-units <integer> --sku Standard [--disable-copy-
paste true|false] [--enable-ip-connect true|false] [--enable-tunneling
true|false]
From PowerShell
Create the appropriate Virtual network settings and Public IP Address settings.
$subnetName = "AzureBastionSubnet"
$subnet = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name $subnetName -AddressPrefix
<IP address range in CIDR notation making sure to use a /26>
$virtualNet = New-AzVirtualNetwork -Name <virtual network name> -
ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Location <location> -AddressPrefix
<IP address range in CIDR notation> -Subnet $subnet
$publicip = New-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -
Name <public IP address name> -Location <location> -AllocationMethod Dynamic
-Sku Standard

Page 402
Create the Azure Bastion service using the information within the created variables
from above.
New-AzBastion -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <bastion name> -
PublicIpAddress $publicip -VirtualNetwork $virtualNet -Sku "Standard" -
ScaleUnit <integer>

Default Value:
By default, the Azure Bastion service is not configured.
References:

1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/bastion/bastion-overview#sku
2. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.network/get-
azbastion?view=azps-9.2.0
3. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/network/bastion?view=azure-cli-latest

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.1 Ensure Network Infrastructure is Up-to-Date

Ensure network infrastructure is kept up-to-date. Example implementations
v8 include running the latest stable release of software and/or using currently ● ● ●
supported network-as-a-service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions
monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.

v8 13.4 Perform Traffic Filtering Between Network Segments ● ●

Perform traffic filtering between network segments, where appropriate.

9.2 Ensure Only Approved Ports, Protocols and Services

v7 Are Running
Ensure that only network ports, protocols, and services listening on a system
● ●
with validated business needs, are running on each system.

11.2 Document Traffic Configuration Rules

All configuration rules that allow traffic to flow through network devices should
v7 be documented in a configuration management system with a specific business ● ●
reason for each rule, a specific individual’s name responsible for that business
need, and an expected duration of the need.

v7 12.1 Maintain an Inventory of Network Boundaries ● ● ●

Maintain an up-to-date inventory of all of the organization's network boundaries.

Page 403
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1590, T1592, T1595

Page 404
7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Migrate blob-based VHDs to Managed Disks on Virtual Machines to exploit the default
features of this configuration. The features include:

1. Default Disk Encryption

2. Resilience, as Microsoft will managed the disk storage and move around if
underlying hardware goes faulty
3. Reduction of costs over storage accounts

Rationale:
Managed disks are by default encrypted on the underlying hardware, so no additional
encryption is required for basic protection. It is available if additional encryption is
required. Managed disks are by design more resilient that storage accounts.
For ARM-deployed Virtual Machines, Azure Adviser will at some point recommend
moving VHDs to managed disks both from a security and cost management
perspective.
Impact:
There are additional costs for managed disks based off of disk space allocated. When
converting to managed disks, VMs will be powered off and back on.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Using the search feature, go to Virtual Machines

2. Click the Manage view dropdown, then select Edit columns
3. Add Uses managed disks to the selected columns
4. Select Save
5. Ensure all virtual machines listed are using managed disks

Page 405
From PowerShell
Get-AzVM | ForEach-Object {"Name: " + $_.Name;"ManagedDisk Id: " +
$_.StorageProfile.OsDisk.ManagedDisk.Id;""}
Example output:
Name: vm1
ManagedDisk Id: /disk1/id

Name: vm2
ManagedDisk Id: /disk2/id
If the 'ManagedDisk Id' field is empty the os disk for that vm is not managed.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Using the search feature, go to Virtual Machines

2. Select the virtual machine you would like to convert
3. Select Disks in the menu for the VM
4. At the top select Migrate to managed disks
5. You may follow the prompts to convert the disk and finish by selecting Migrate to
start the process

NOTE VMs will be stopped and restarted after migration is complete.

From PowerShell
Stop-AzVM -ResourceGroupName $rgName -Name $vmName -Force
ConvertTo-AzVMManagedDisk -ResourceGroupName $rgName -VMName $vmName
Start-AzVM -ResourceGroupName $rgName -Name $vmName

Default Value:
Managed disks or are an option upon the creation of VMs.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/convert-
unmanaged-to-managed-disks
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-enable-data-at-rest-encryption-by-default
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/faq-for-disks
4. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/managed-disks/

Page 406
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 407
7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with Customer
Managed Key (CMK) (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Ensure that OS disks (boot volumes) and data disks (non-boot volumes) are encrypted
with CMK (Customer Managed Keys). Customer Managed keys can be either ADE or
Server Side Encryption (SSE).
Rationale:
Encrypting the IaaS VM's OS disk (boot volume) and Data disks (non-boot volume)
ensures that the entire content is fully unrecoverable without a key, thus protecting the
volume from unwanted reads. PMK (Platform Managed Keys) are enabled by default in
Azure-managed disks and allow encryption at rest. CMK is recommended because it
gives the customer the option to control which specific keys are used for the encryption
and decryption of the disk. The customer can then change keys and increase security
by disabling them instead of relying on the PMK key that remains unchanging. There is
also the option to increase security further by using automatically rotating keys so that
access to disk is ensured to be limited. Organizations should evaluate what their
security requirements are, however, for the data stored on the disk. For high-risk data
using CMK is a must, as it provides extra steps of security. If the data is low risk, PMK is
enabled by default and provides sufficient data security.
Impact:
Using CMK/BYOK will entail additional management of keys.
NOTE: You must have your key vault set up to utilize this.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Virtual machines
2. For each virtual machine, go to Settings
3. Click on Disks
4. Ensure that the OS disk and Data disks have encryption set to CMK.

Page 408
From PowerShell
$ResourceGroupName="yourResourceGroupName"
$DiskName="yourDiskName"

$disk=Get-AzDisk -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -DiskName $DiskName

$disk.Encryption.Type

Remediation:
From Azure Portal
Note: Disks must be detached from VMs to have encryption changed.

1. Go to Virtual machines
2. For each virtual machine, go to Settings
3. Click on Disks
4. Click the ellipsis (...), then click Detach to detach the disk from the VM
5. Now search for Disks and locate the unattached disk
6. Click the disk then select Encryption
7. Change your encryption type, then select your encryption set
8. Click Save
9. Go back to the VM and re-attach the disk

From PowerShell
$KVRGname = 'MyKeyVaultResourceGroup';
$VMRGName = 'MyVirtualMachineResourceGroup';
$vmName = 'MySecureVM';
$KeyVaultName = 'MySecureVault';
$KeyVault = Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName $KeyVaultName -ResourceGroupName
$KVRGname;
$diskEncryptionKeyVaultUrl = $KeyVault.VaultUri;
$KeyVaultResourceId = $KeyVault.ResourceId;

Set-AzVMDiskEncryptionExtension -ResourceGroupName $VMRGname -VMName $vmName

-DiskEncryptionKeyVaultUrl $diskEncryptionKeyVaultUrl -
DiskEncryptionKeyVaultId $KeyVaultResourceId;
NOTE: During encryption it is likely that a reboot will be required. It may take up to 15
minutes to complete the process.
NOTE 2: This may differ for Linux machines as you may need to set the -skipVmBackup
parameter
Default Value:
By default, Azure disks are encrypted using SSE with PMK.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security/fundamentals/azure-disk-encryption-
vms-vmss
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-disk-
encryption?toc=%2fazure%2fsecurity%2ftoc.json

Page 409
 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/security/fundamentals/data-encryption-best-
practices#protect-data-at-resthttps://docs.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-
machines/windows/disk-encryption-portal-quickstart
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/disks/delete
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/compute/disks/update#encryptionsettings
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-use-customer-managed-key-option-in-data-at-rest-
encryption-when-required
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/disks-enable-
customer-managed-keys-powershell
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/disk-encryption

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 410
7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with 'Customer
Managed Key' (CMK) (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Ensure that unattached disks in a subscription are encrypted with a Customer Managed
Key (CMK).
Rationale:
Managed disks are encrypted by default with Platform-managed keys. Using Customer-
managed keys may provide an additional level of security or meet an organization's
regulatory requirements. Encrypting managed disks ensures that its entire content is
fully unrecoverable without a key and thus protects the volume from unwarranted reads.
Even if the disk is not attached to any of the VMs, there is always a risk where a
compromised user account with administrative access to VM service can mount/attach
these data disks, which may lead to sensitive information disclosure and tampering.
Impact:
NOTE: You must have your key vault set up to utilize this. Encryption is available only
on Standard tier VMs. This might cost you more.
Utilizing and maintaining Customer-managed keys will require additional work to create,
protect, and rotate keys.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Disks
2. Click on Add Filter
3. In the filter field select Disk state
4. In the Value field select Unattached
5. Click Apply
6. for each disk listed ensure that Encryption type in the encryption blade is
`Encryption at-rest with a customer-managed key'

Page 411
From Azure CLI
Ensure command below does not return any output.
az disk list --query '[? diskstate == `Unattached`].{encryptionSettings:
encryptionSettings, name: name}' -o json
Sample Output:
[
{
"encryptionSettings": null,
"name": "<Disk1>"
},
{
"encryptionSettings": null,
"name": "<Disk2>"
}
]

Remediation:
If data stored in the disk is no longer useful, refer to Azure documentation to delete
unattached data disks at:
-https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/disks/delete
-https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/disk?view=azure-cli-latest#az-
disk-delete
If data stored in the disk is important, To encrypt the disk refer azure documentation at:
-https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/disks-enable-
customer-managed-keys-portal
-https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/compute/disks/update#encryptionsettings

Default Value:
By default, managed disks are encrypted with a Platform-managed key.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/azure-disk-
encryption-vms-vmss
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-disk-
encryption?toc=%2fazure%2fsecurity%2ftoc.json
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/disks/delete
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/disk?view=azure-cli-latest#az-disk-
delete
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/rest/api/compute/disks/update#encryptionsettings
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/disk?view=azure-cli-latest#az-disk-
update
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-encrypt-sensitive-data-at-rest

Page 412
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

14.8 Encrypt Sensitive Information at Rest

v7 Encrypt all sensitive information at rest using a tool that requires a secondary
authentication mechanism not integrated into the operating system, in order to
●
access the information.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 413
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
For added security, only install organization-approved extensions on VMs.
Rationale:
Azure virtual machine extensions are small applications that provide post-deployment
configuration and automation tasks on Azure virtual machines. These extensions run
with administrative privileges and could potentially access anything on a virtual
machine. The Azure Portal and community provide several such extensions. Each
organization should carefully evaluate these extensions and ensure that only those that
are approved for use are actually implemented.
Impact:
Functionality by unsupported extensions will be disabled.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Virtual machines.
2. For each virtual machine, click on the server name to select it go to
3. In the new column menu, under Settings Click on Extensions + applications.
4. Ensure that all the listed extensions are approved by your organization for use.

From Azure CLI

Use the below command to list the extensions attached to a VM, and ensure the listed
extensions are approved for use.
az vm extension list --vm-name <vmName> --resource-group <sourceGroupName> --
query [*].name
From PowerShell
Get a list of VMs.
Get-AzVM
For each VM run the following command.
Get-AzVMExtension -ResourceGroupName <VM Resource Group> -VMName <VM Name>
Review each Name, ExtensionType, and ProvisioningState to make sure no
unauthorized extensions are installed on any virtual machines.

Page 414
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Virtual machines
2. For each virtual machine, go to Settings
3. Click on Extensions + applications
4. If there are unapproved extensions, uninstall them.

From Azure CLI

From the audit command identify the unapproved extensions, and use the below CLI
command to remove an unapproved extension attached to VM.
az vm extension delete --resource-group <resourceGroupName> --vm-name
<vmName> --name <extensionName>
From PowerShell
For each VM and each insecure extension from the Audit Procedure run the following
command.
Remove-AzVMExtension -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName> -Name
<ExtensionName> -VMName <VirtualMachineName>

Default Value:
By default, no extensions are added to the virtual machines.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/extensions-
features
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.compute/?view=azps-
7.5.0#vm-extensions
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
asset-management#am-2-use-only-approved-services
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
asset-management#am-5-use-only-approved-applications-in-virtual-machine

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.1 Establish and Maintain a Software Inventory

Establish and maintain a detailed inventory of all licensed software installed on
enterprise assets. The software inventory must document the title, publisher, initial
v8 install/use date, and business purpose for each entry; where appropriate, include ● ● ●
the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), app store(s), version(s), deployment
mechanism, and decommission date. Review and update the software inventory bi-
annually, or more frequently.

Page 415
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.1 Maintain Inventory of Authorized Software

v7 Maintain an up-to-date list of all authorized software that is required in the ● ● ●
enterprise for any business purpose on any business system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1553 TA0005 M1038

Page 416
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines is
installed (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Install endpoint protection for all virtual machines.
Rationale:
Installing endpoint protection systems (like anti-malware for Azure) provides for real-
time protection capability that helps identify and remove viruses, spyware, and other
malicious software. These also offer configurable alerts when known-malicious or
unwanted software attempts to install itself or run on Azure systems.
Impact:
Endpoint protection will incur an additional cost to you.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Security Center
2. Click the Recommendations blade
3. Ensure that there are no recommendations for Endpoint Protection not
installed on Azure VMs

From Azure CLI

az vm show -g MyResourceGroup -n MyVm -d
It should list below or any other endpoint extensions as one of the installed extensions.
EndpointSecurity || TrendMicroDSA* || Antimalware || EndpointProtection ||
SCWPAgent || PortalProtectExtension* || FileSecurity*
Alternatively, you can employ your own endpoint protection tool for your OS.
Remediation:
Follow Microsoft Azure documentation to install endpoint protection from the security
center. Alternatively, you can employ your own endpoint protection tool for your OS.
Default Value:
By default Endpoint Protection is disabled.

Page 417
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-install-
endpoint-protection
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/azure-security-antimalware
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/vm/extension?view=azure-cli-
latest#az_vm_extension_list
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
endpoint-security#es-1-use-endpoint-detection-and-response-edr

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

10.2 Configure Automatic Anti-Malware Signature

v8 Updates
Configure automatic updates for anti-malware signature files on all
● ● ●
enterprise assets.

8.2 Ensure Anti-Malware Software and Signatures are

v7 Updated
Ensure that the organization's anti-malware software updates its scanning
● ● ●
engine and signature database on a regular basis.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1027 TA0005 M1049

Page 418
7.7 [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
NOTE: This is a legacy recommendation. Managed Disks are encrypted by default
and recommended for all new VM implementations.
VHD (Virtual Hard Disks) are stored in blob storage and are the old-style disks that were
attached to Virtual Machines. The blob VHD was then leased to the VM. By default,
storage accounts are not encrypted, and Microsoft Defender will then recommend that
the OS disks should be encrypted. Storage accounts can be encrypted as a whole using
PMK or CMK. This should be turned on for storage accounts containing VHDs.
Rationale:
While it is recommended to use Managed Disks which are encrypted by default,
"legacy" VHDs may exist for a variety of reasons and may need to remain in VHD
format. VHDs are not encrypted by default, so this recommendation intends to address
the security of these disks. In these niche cases, VHDs should be encrypted using the
procedures in this recommendation to encrypt and protect the data content.
If a virtual machine is using a VHD and can be converted to a managed disk,
instructions for this procedure can be found in the resources section of this
recommendation under the title "Convert VHD to Managed Disk."
Impact:
Depending on how the encryption is implemented will change the size of the impact. If
provider-managed keys(PMK) are utilized, the impact is relatively low, but processes
need to be put in place to regularly rotate the keys. If Customer-managed keys(CMK)
are utilized, a key management process needs to be implemented to store and manage
key rotation, thus the impact is medium to high depending on user maturity with key
management.
Audit:
From Azure CLI
For each virtual machine identify if the VM is using a legacy VHD by reviewing the VHD
parameter in the output of the following command. The VHD parameter will contain the
Storage Account name used for the VHD.
az vm show --name <MyVM> --resource-group <MyResourceGroup>
Next, identify if the storage account from the VHD parameter is encrypted by reviewing
the encryption --> services --> blob --> enabled within the output of the following
command and make sure its value is True.

Page 419
az storage account show --name <storage account name> --resource-group
<resource group>

Page 420
From PowerShell:
Determine whether the VM is using a VHD for the OS Disk and any Data disks.
$virtualMachine = Get-AzVM --Name <vm name> --ResourceGroup <resource group
name> |Select-Object -ExpandProperty StorageProfile

$virtualMachine.OsDisk
$virtualMachine.DataDisks
Next, use the value from VHD to see if the storage blob holding the VHD is encrypted.
$storageAccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -Name <storage account name from VHD
setting> -ResourceGroupName <resource group name>

$storageAccount.Encryption.Services.Blob

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the storage account that you wish to encrypt

2. Select encryption
3. Select the encryption type that you wish to use

If you wish to use a Microsoft-managed key (the default), you can save at this point and
encryption will be applied to the account.
If you select Customer-managed keys, it will ask for the location of the key (The default is
an Azure Key Vault) and the key name.
Once these are captured, save the configuration and the account will be encrypted
using the provided key.
From Azure CLI:
Create the Key Vault
az keyvault create --name <name> --resource-group <resourceGroup> --location
<location> --enabled-for-disk-encryption
Encrypt the disk and store the key in Key Vault
az vm encryption enable -g <resourceGroup> --name <name> --disk-encryption-
keyvault myKV
From PowerShell
This process uses a Key Vault to store the keys
Create the Key Vault
New-AzKeyvault -name <name> -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroup> -Location
<location> -EnabledForDiskEncryption
Encrypt the disk and store the key in Key Vault
$KeyVault = Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <name> -ResourceGroupName
<resourceGroup>
Set-AzVMDiskEncryptionExtension -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroup> -VMName
<name> -DiskEncryptionKeyVaultUrl $KeyVault.VaultUri -
DiskEncryptionKeyVaultId $KeyVault.ResourceId

Page 421
Default Value:
The default value for encryption is "NO Encryption"
References:

1. CLI: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/disk-
encryption-cli-quickstart
2. Powershell: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-
machines/windows/disk-encryption-powershell-quickstart
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-5-encrypt-sensitive-data-at-rest
4. Convert VHD to Managed Disk: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-
versions/azure/virtual-machines/scripts/virtual-machines-powershell-sample-
create-managed-disk-from-vhd

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.11 Encrypt Sensitive Data at Rest

Encrypt sensitive data at rest on servers, applications, and databases containing
sensitive data. Storage-layer encryption, also known as server-side encryption,
v8 meets the minimum requirement of this Safeguard. Additional encryption methods ● ●
may include application-layer encryption, also known as client-side encryption,
where access to the data storage device(s) does not permit access to the plain-text
data.

v7 13 Data Protection
Data Protection

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1530 TA0009 M1041

Page 422
8 Key Vault
This section covers security recommendations to follow for the configuration and use of
Azure Key Vault.

Page 423
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in RBAC
Key Vaults (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that all Keys in Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Azure Key Vaults have an
expiration date set.
Rationale:
Azure Key Vault enables users to store and use cryptographic keys within the Microsoft
Azure environment. The exp (expiration date) attribute identifies the expiration date on
or after which the key MUST NOT be used for encryption of new data, wrapping of new
keys, and signing. By default, keys never expire. It is thus recommended that keys be
rotated in the key vault and set an explicit expiration date for all keys to help enforce the
key rotation. This ensures that the keys cannot be used beyond their assigned lifetimes.
Impact:
Keys cannot be used beyond their assigned expiration dates respectively. Keys need to
be rotated periodically wherever they are used.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Keys.
3. In the main pane, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set for any keys
that are Enabled.

From Azure CLI:

Get a list of all the key vaults in your Azure environment by running the following
command:
az keyvault list
Then for each key vault listed ensure that the output of the below command contains
Key ID (kid), enabled status as true and Expiration date (expires) is not empty or null:
az keyvault key list --vault-name <VaultName> --query
'[*].{"kid":kid,"enabled":attributes.enabled,"expires":attributes.expires}'

Page 424
From PowerShell:
Retrieve a list of Azure Key vaults:
Get-AzKeyVault
For each Key vault run the following command to determine which vaults are configured
to use RBAC.
Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <VaultName>
For each Key vault with the EnableRbacAuthorizatoin setting set to True, run the
following command.
Get-AzKeyVaultKey -VaultName <VaultName>
Make sure the Expires setting is configured with a value as appropriate wherever the
Enabled setting is set to True.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Keys.
3. In the main pane, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set for any keys
that are Enabled.

From Azure CLI:

Update the Expiration date for the key using the below command:
az keyvault key set-attributes --name <keyName> --vault-name <vaultName> --
expires Y-m-d'T'H:M:S'Z'
Note:
To view the expiration date on all keys in a Key Vault using Microsoft API, the "List" Key
permission is required.
To update the expiration date for the keys:

1. Go to the Key vault, click on Access Control (IAM).

2. Click on Add role assignment and assign the role of Key Vault Crypto Officer to
the appropriate user.

From PowerShell:
Set-AzKeyVaultKeyAttribute -VaultName <VaultName> -Name <KeyName> -Expires
<DateTime>

Default Value:
By default, keys do not expire.

Page 425
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-whatis
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/keyvault/about-keys--secrets-and-
certificates#key-vault-keys
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-6-use-a-secure-key-management-process
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.keyvault/set-
azkeyvaultkeyattribute?view=azps-0.10.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1047

Page 426
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
RBAC Key Vaults. (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that all Keys in Non Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Azure Key Vaults have
an expiration date set.
Rationale:
Azure Key Vault enables users to store and use cryptographic keys within the Microsoft
Azure environment. The exp (expiration date) attribute identifies the expiration date on
or after which the key MUST NOT be used for a cryptographic operation. By default,
keys never expire. It is thus recommended that keys be rotated in the key vault and set
an explicit expiration date for all keys. This ensures that the keys cannot be used
beyond their assigned lifetimes.
Impact:
Keys cannot be used beyond their assigned expiration dates respectively. Keys need to
be rotated periodically wherever they are used.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Keys.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the key is Enabled.
4. For each enabled key, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set.

From Azure CLI:

Get a list of all the key vaults in your Azure environment by running the following
command:
az keyvault list
For each key vault, ensure that the output of the below command contains Key ID (kid),
enabled status as true and Expiration date (expires) is not empty or null:
az keyvault key list --vault-name <KEYVAULTNAME> --query
'[*].{"kid":kid,"enabled":attributes.enabled,"expires":attributes.expires}'

Page 427
From PowerShell:
Retrieve a list of Azure Key vaults:
Get-AzKeyVault
For each Key vault, run the following command to determine which vaults are
configured to not use RBAC:
Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <Vault Name>
For each Key vault with the EnableRbacAuthorizatoin setting set to False or empty, run
the following command.
Get-AzKeyVaultKey -VaultName <Vault Name>
Make sure the Expires setting is configured with a value as appropriate wherever the
Enabled setting is set to True.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Keys.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the key is Enabled.
4. For each enabled key, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set.

From Azure CLI:

Update the Expiration date for the key using the below command:
az keyvault key set-attributes --name <keyName> --vault-name <vaultName> --
expires Y-m-d'T'H:M:S'Z'
Note:
To view the expiration date on all keys in a Key Vault using Microsoft API, the "List" Key
permission is required.
To update the expiration date for the keys:

1. Go to Key vault, click on Access policies.

2. Click on Create and add an access policy with the Update permission (in the Key
Permissions - Key Management Operations section).

From PowerShell
Set-AzKeyVaultKeyAttribute -VaultName <Vault Name> -Name <Key Name> -Expires
<DateTime>

Default Value:
By default, keys do not expire.

Page 428
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-whatis
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/keyvault/about-keys--secrets-and-
certificates#key-vault-keys
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-6-use-a-secure-key-management-process
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.keyvault/set-
azkeyvaultkeyattribute?view=azps-0.10.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1047

Page 429
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in RBAC
Key Vaults (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that all Secrets in Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Azure Key Vaults have
an expiration date set.
Rationale:
The Azure Key Vault enables users to store and keep secrets within the Microsoft Azure
environment. Secrets in the Azure Key Vault are octet sequences with a maximum size
of 25k bytes each. The exp (expiration date) attribute identifies the expiration date on or
after which the secret MUST NOT be used. By default, secrets never expire. It is thus
recommended to rotate secrets in the key vault and set an explicit expiration date for all
secrets. This ensures that the secrets cannot be used beyond their assigned lifetimes.
Impact:
Secrets cannot be used beyond their assigned expiry date respectively. Secrets need to
be rotated periodically wherever they are used.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Secrets.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the secret is Enabled.
4. For each enabled secret, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set.

From Azure CLI:

Ensure that the output of the below command contains ID (id), enabled status as true
and Expiration date (expires) is not empty or null:
az keyvault secret list --vault-name <KEYVAULTNAME> --query
'[*].{"kid":kid,"enabled":attributes.enabled,"expires":attributes.expires}'
From PowerShell:
Retrieve a list of Key vaults:
Get-AzKeyVault
For each Key vault, run the following command to determine which vaults are
configured to use RBAC:

Page 430
Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <Vault Name>

Page 431
For each Key vault with the EnableRbacAuthorizatoin setting set to True, run the
following command:
Get-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName <Vault Name>
Make sure the Expires setting is configured with a value as appropriate wherever the
Enabled setting is set to True.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Secrets.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the secret is Enabled.
4. For each enabled secret, ensure that an appropriate Expiration date is set.

From Azure CLI:

Update the Expiration date for the secret using the below command:
az keyvault secret set-attributes --name <secretName> --vault-name
<vaultName> --expires Y-m-d'T'H:M:S'Z'
Note:
To view the expiration date on all secrets in a Key Vault using Microsoft API, the List
Key permission is required.
To update the expiration date for the secrets:

1. Go to the Key vault, click on Access Control (IAM).

2. Click on Add role assignment and assign the role of Key Vault Secrets Officer
to the appropriate user.

From PowerShell:
Set-AzKeyVaultSecretAttribute -VaultName <Vault Name> -Name <Secret Name> -
Expires <DateTime>

Default Value:
By default, secrets do not expire.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-whatis
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/keyvault/about-keys--secrets-and-
certificates#key-vault-secrets
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-6-use-a-secure-key-management-process
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.keyvault/set-
azkeyvaultsecretattribute?view=azps-0.10.0

Page 432
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1047

Page 433
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in Non-
RBAC Key Vaults (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Ensure that all Secrets in Non Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Azure Key Vaults
have an expiration date set.
Rationale:
The Azure Key Vault enables users to store and keep secrets within the Microsoft Azure
environment. Secrets in the Azure Key Vault are octet sequences with a maximum size
of 25k bytes each. The exp (expiration date) attribute identifies the expiration date on or
after which the secret MUST NOT be used. By default, secrets never expire. It is thus
recommended to rotate secrets in the key vault and set an explicit expiration date for all
secrets. This ensures that the secrets cannot be used beyond their assigned lifetimes.
Impact:
Secrets cannot be used beyond their assigned expiry date respectively. Secrets need to
be rotated periodically wherever they are used.
Audit:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Secrets.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the secret is Enabled.
4. Set an appropriate Expiration date on all secrets.

From Azure CLI:

Get a list of all the key vaults in your Azure environment by running the following
command:
az keyvault list
For each key vault, ensure that the output of the below command contains ID (id),
enabled status as true and Expiration date (expires) is not empty or null:
az keyvault secret list --vault-name <KEYVALUTNAME> --query
'[*].{"kid":kid,"enabled":attributes.enabled,"expires":attributes.expires}'
From PowerShell:
Retrieve a list of Key vaults:

Page 434
Get-AzKeyVault

Page 435
For each Key vault run the following command to determine which vaults are configured
to use RBAC:
Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <Vault Name>
For each Key Vault with the EnableRbacAuthorization setting set to False or empty, run
the following command.
Get-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName <Vault Name>
Make sure the Expires setting is configured with a value as appropriate wherever the
Enabled setting is set to True.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal:

1. Go to Key vaults.
2. For each Key vault, click on Secrets.
3. In the main pane, ensure that the status of the secret is Enabled.
4. Set an appropriate Expiration date on all secrets.

From Azure CLI:

Update the Expiration date for the secret using the below command:
az keyvault secret set-attributes --name <secretName> --vault-name
<vaultName> --expires Y-m-d'T'H:M:S'Z'
Note:
To view the expiration date on all secrets in a Key Vault using Microsoft API, the List
Key permission is required.
To update the expiration date for the secrets:

1. Go to Key vault, click on Access policies.

2. Click on Create and add an access policy with the Update permission (in the
Secret Permissions - Secret Management Operations section).

From PowerShell:
For each Key vault with the EnableRbacAuthorization setting set to False or empty, run
the following command.
Set-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName <Vault Name> -Name <Secret Name> -Expires
<DateTime>

Default Value:
By default, secrets do not expire.

Page 436
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-whatis
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/keyvault/about-keys--secrets-and-
certificates#key-vault-secrets
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-6-use-a-secure-key-management-process
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.keyvault/set-
azkeyvaultsecret?view=azps-7.4.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1047

Page 437
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
The Key Vault contains object keys, secrets, and certificates. Accidental unavailability of
a Key Vault can cause immediate data loss or loss of security functions (authentication,
validation, verification, non-repudiation, etc.) supported by the Key Vault objects.
It is recommended the Key Vault be made recoverable by enabling the "Do Not Purge"
and "Soft Delete" functions. This is in order to prevent loss of encrypted data, including
storage accounts, SQL databases, and/or dependent services provided by Key Vault
objects (Keys, Secrets, Certificates) etc. This may happen in the case of accidental
deletion by a user or from disruptive activity by a malicious user.
WARNING: A current limitation of the soft-delete feature across all Azure services is
role assignments disappearing when Key Vault is deleted. All role assignments will
need to be recreated after recovery.
Rationale:
There could be scenarios where users accidentally run delete/purge commands on Key
Vault or an attacker/malicious user deliberately does so in order to cause disruption.
Deleting or purging a Key Vault leads to immediate data loss, as keys encrypting data
and secrets/certificates allowing access/services will become non-accessible. There are
2 Key Vault properties that play a role in permanent unavailability of a Key Vault:

1. enableSoftDelete:

Setting this parameter to "true" for a Key Vault ensures that even if Key Vault is deleted,
Key Vault itself or its objects remain recoverable for the next 90 days. Key Vault/objects
can either be recovered or purged (permanent deletion) during those 90 days. If no
action is taken, key vault and its objects will subsequently be purged.

2. enablePurgeProtection:

enableSoftDelete only ensures that Key Vault is not deleted permanently and will be
recoverable for 90 days from date of deletion. However, there are scenarios in which
the Key Vault and/or its objects are accidentally purged and hence will not be
recoverable. Setting enablePurgeProtection to "true" ensures that the Key Vault and its
objects cannot be purged.
Enabling both the parameters on Key Vaults ensures that Key Vaults and their objects
cannot be deleted/purged permanently.

Page 438
Impact:
Once purge-protection and soft-delete are enabled for a Key Vault, the action is
irreversible.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Key Vaults
2. For each Key Vault
3. Click Properties
4. Ensure the status of soft-delete reads Soft delete has been enabled on this
key vault

From Azure CLI

1. List all Resources of type Key Vaults:

az resource list --query "[?type=='Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults']"

2. For Every Key Vault ID ensure check parameters enableSoftDelete and

enablePurgeProtection are set to enabled.
az resource show --id /subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-
xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault
/vaults/<keyVaultName>
From PowerShell
Get all Key Vaults.
Get-AzKeyVault
For each Key Vault run the following command.
Get-AzKeyVault -VaultName <Vault Name>
Examine the results of the above command for the EnablePurgeProtection setting and
the EnableSoftDelete setting. Make sure both settigns are set to True.

Remediation:
To enable "Do Not Purge" and "Soft Delete" for a Key Vault:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to Key Vaults
2. For each Key Vault
3. Click Properties
4. Ensure the status of soft-delete reads Soft delete has been enabled on this
key vault.
5. At the bottom of the page, click 'Enable Purge Protection'
Note, once enabled you cannot disable it.

Page 439
From Azure CLI
az resource update --id /subscriptions/xxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-
xxxxxxxxxxxx/resourceGroups/<resourceGroupName>/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault
/vaults/<keyVaultName> --set properties.enablePurgeProtection=true
properties.enableSoftDelete=true
From PowerShell
Update-AzKeyVault -VaultName <vaultName -ResourceGroupName <resourceGroupName
-EnablePurgeProtection

Default Value:
When a new Key Vault is created, both the parameters enableSoftDelete and
enablePurgeProtection are set to null, disabling both the features.

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/key-vault-soft-delete-cli
2. https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/kv/2017/05/10/azure-key-vault-recovery-
options/
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-8-define-and-implement-backup-and-recovery-strategy
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-8-ensure-security-of-key-and-certificate-repository

Additional Information:
When a key is used for SQL server TDE or Encrypting Storage Account, both the
features "Do Not Purge" and "Soft Delete" are enabled for the corresponding Key Vault
by default by Azure Backend.
WARNING: A current limitation of the soft-delete feature across all Azure services is
role assignments disappearing when Key Vault is deleted. All role assignments will
need to be recreated after recovery.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

11.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Recovery Process

Establish and maintain a data recovery process. In the process, address the
v8 scope of data recovery activities, recovery prioritization, and the security of backup ● ● ●
data. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise
changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.

10.2 Perform Complete System Backups

v7 Ensure that each of the organization's key systems are backed up as a
complete system, through processes such as imaging, to enable the quick
● ● ●
recovery of an entire system.

Page 440
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1485 TA0040 M1053

Page 441
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
WARNING: Role assignments disappear when a Key Vault has been deleted (soft-
delete) and recovered. Afterwards it will be required to recreate all role assignments.
This is a limitation of the soft-delete feature across all Azure services.
Rationale:
The new RBAC permissions model for Key Vaults enables a much finer grained access
control for key vault secrets, keys, certificates, etc., than the vault access policy. This in
turn will permit the use of privileged identity management over these roles, thus
securing the key vaults with JIT Access management.
Impact:
Implementation needs to be properly designed from the ground up, as this is a
fundamental change to the way key vaults are accessed/managed. Changing
permissions to key vaults will result in loss of service as permissions are re-applied. For
the least amount of downtime, map your current groups and users to their
corresponding permission needs.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left corner
2. Select Key Vaults
3. Select a Key Vault to audit
4. Select Access configuration
5. Ensure the Permission Model radio button is set to Azure role-based access
control

Page 442
Remediation:
From Azure Portal
Key Vaults can be configured to use Azure role-based access control on creation.
For existing Key Vaults:

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left corner
2. Select Key Vaults
3. Select a Key Vault to audit
4. Select Access configuration
5. Set the Permission model radio button to Azure role-based access control,
taking note of the warning message
6. Click Save
7. Select Access Control (IAM)
8. Select the Role Assignments tab
9. Reapply permissions as needed to groups or users

Default Value:
The default value for Access control in Key Vaults is Vault Policy.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/key-vault/general/rbac-migration#vault-
access-policy-to-azure-rbac-migration-steps
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/role-based-access-control/role-
assignments-portal?tabs=current
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/role-based-access-control/overview
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-8-ensure-security-of-key-and-certificate-repository

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

6.8 Define and Maintain Role-Based Access Control

Define and maintain role-based access control, through determining and
v8 documenting the access rights necessary for each role within the enterprise to
successfully carry out its assigned duties. Perform access control reviews of
●
enterprise assets to validate that all privileges are authorized, on a recurring
schedule at a minimum annually, or more frequently.

Page 443
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share, claims,
v7 application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will enforce the ● ● ●
principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the information
based on their need to access the information as a part of their responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1047

Page 444
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key Vault
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Private endpoints will secure network traffic from Azure Key Vault to the resources
requesting secrets and keys.
Rationale:
Private endpoints will keep network requests to Azure Key Vault limited to the endpoints
attached to the resources that are whitelisted to communicate with each other.
Assigning the Key Vault to a network without an endpoint will allow other resources on
that network to view all traffic from the Key Vault to its destination. In spite of the
complexity in configuration, this is recommended for high security secrets.
Impact:
Incorrect or poorly-timed changing of network configuration could result in service
interruption. There are also additional costs tiers for running a private endpoint per
petabyte or more of networking traffic.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left.
2. Select Key Vaults.
3. Select a Key Vault to audit.
4. Select Networking in the left column.
5. Select Private endpoint connections from the top row.
6. View if there is an endpoint attached.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command within a subscription for each Key Vault you wish to audit.
az keyvault private-endpoint-connection show -g <resourceGroup> --vault-name
<keyVaultName>
From Powershell
Run the following command within a subscription for each Key Vault you wish to audit.
Get-AzPrivateEndpointConnection -PrivateLinkResourceId
'/subscriptions/<subscriptionNumber>/resourceGroups/<resourceGroup>/providers
/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/<keyVaultName>/'

Page 445
Remediation:
Please see the additional information about the requirements needed before
starting this remediation procedure.
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left.
2. Select Key Vaults.
3. Select a Key Vault to audit.
4. Select Networking in the left column.
5. Select Private endpoint connections from the top row.
6. Select + Create.
7. Select the subscription the Key Vault is within, and other desired configuration.
8. Select Next.
9. For resource type select Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults.
10. Select the Key Vault to associate the Private Endpoint with.
11. Select Next.
12. In the Virtual Networking field, select the network to assign the Endpoint.
13. Select other configuration options as desired, including an existing or new
application security group.
14. Select Next.
15. Select the private DNS the Private Endpoints will use.
16. Select Next.
17. Optionally add Tags.
18. Select Next : Review + Create.
19. Review the information and select Create. Follow the Audit Procedure to
determine if it has successfully applied.
20. Repeat steps 3-19 for each Key Vault.

From Azure CLI

1. To create an endpoint, run the following command:

az network private-endpoint create --resource-group <resourceGroup --vnet-

name <vnetName> --subnet <subnetName> --name <PrivateEndpointName> --
private-connection-resource-id "/subscriptions/<AZURE SUBSCRIPTION
ID>/resourceGroups/<resourceGroup>/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/<keyVa
ultName>" --group-ids vault --connection-name <privateLinkConnectionName> --
location <azureRegion> --manual-request

2. To manually approve the endpoint request, run the following command:

az keyvault private-endpoint-connection approve --resource-group

<resourceGroup> --vault-name <keyVaultName> –name <privateLinkName>

Page 446
 4. Determine the Private Endpoint's IP address to connect the Key Vault to the
Private DNS you have previously created:
5. Look for the property networkInterfaces then id; the value must be placed in the
variable <privateEndpointNIC> within step 7.

az network private-endpoint show -g <resourceGroupName> -n

<privateEndpointName>

6. Look for the property networkInterfaces then id; the value must be placed on
<privateEndpointNIC> in step 7.

az network nic show --ids <privateEndpointName>

7. Create a Private DNS record within the DNS Zone you created for the Private
Endpoint:

az network private-dns record-set a add-record -g <resourcecGroupName> -z

"privatelink.vaultcore.azure.net" -n <keyVaultName> -a <privateEndpointNIC>

8. nslookup the private endpoint to determine if the DNS record is correct:

nslookup <keyVaultName>.vault.azure.net
nslookup <keyVaultName>.privatelink.vaultcore.azure.n

Default Value:
By default, Private Endpoints are not enabled for any services within Azure.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/private-endpoint-overview
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/storage-private-
endpoints
3. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/private-link/
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/general/private-link-
service?tabs=portal
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/quick-create-portal
6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/tutorial-private-endpoint-
storage-portal
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/bastion/bastion-overview
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/dns/private-dns-getstarted-cli#create-an-
additional-dns-record
9. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-8-ensure-security-of-key-and-certificate-repository

Page 447
Additional Information:
This recommendation assumes that you have created a Resource Group containing a
Virtual Network that the services are already associated with and configured private
DNS. A Bastion on the virtual network is also required, and the service to which you are
connecting must already have a Private Endpoint. For information concerning the
installation of these services, please see the attached documentation.
Microsoft's own documentation lists the requirements as: A Key Vault. An Azure virtual
network. A subnet in the virtual network. Owner or contributor permissions for both the
Key Vault and the virtual network.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

12.2 Establish and Maintain a Secure Network

Architecture
v8 Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network ● ●
architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a
minimum.

14.1 Segment the Network Based on Sensitivity

v7 Segment the network based on the label or classification level of the
information stored on the servers, locate all sensitive information on separated
● ●
Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs).

Page 448
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure Key
Vault for the Supported Services (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Automatic Key Rotation is available in Public Preview. The currently supported
applications are Key Vault, Managed Disks, and Storage accounts accessing keys
within Key Vault. The number of supported applications will incrementally increased.
Rationale:
Once set up, Automatic Private Key Rotation removes the need for manual
administration when keys expire at intervals determined by your organization's policy.
The recommended key lifetime is 2 years. Your organization should determine its own
key expiration policy.
Impact:
There are an additional costs per operation in running the needed applications.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Portal select the Portal Menu in the top left.
2. Select Key Vaults.
3. Select a Key Vault to audit.
4. Under Objects select Keys.
5. Select a key to audit.
6. In the top row select Rotation policy.
7. Ensure Enable auto rotation is set to Enabled.
8. Repeat steps 3-7 for each Key Vault and Key.

From Azure CLI

Run the following command:
az keyvault key rotation-policy show --vaultname <vaultName> --name <keyName>
From PowerShell
Run the following command:
Get-AzKeyVaultKeyRotationPolicy -VaultName <vaultName> -Name <keyName>

Page 449
Remediation:
Note:
Azure CLI and Powershell use ISO8601 flags to input timespans. Every timespan input
will be in the format P<timespanInISO8601Format>(Y,M,D). The leading P is required
with it denoting period. The (Y,M,D) are for the duration of Year, Month,and Day
respectively. A time frame of 2 years, 2 months, 2 days would be (P2Y2M2D).
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Portal select the Portal Menu in the top left.
2. Select Key Vaults.
3. Select a Key Vault to audit.
4. Under Objects select Keys.
5. Select a key to audit.
6. In the top row select Rotation policy.
7. Select an Expiry time.
8. Set Enable auto rotation to Enabled.
9. Set an appropriate Rotation option and Rotation time.
10. Optionally set the Notification time.
11. Select Save.
12. Repeat steps 3-11 for each Key Vault and Key.

Page 450
From Azure CLI
Run the following command for each key to update its policy to be auto-rotated:
az keyvault key rotation-policy update -n <keyName> --vault-name <vaultName>
--value <path/to/policy.json>

Note: It is easiest to supply the policy flags in a .json file. An example

json file would be:

{
"lifetimeActions": [
{
"trigger": {
"timeAfterCreate": "<timespanInISO8601Format>",
"timeBeforeExpiry" : null
},
"action": {
"type": "Rotate"
}
},
{
"trigger": {
"timeBeforeExpiry" : "<timespanInISO8601Format>"
},
"action": {
"type": "Notify"
}
}
],
"attributes": {
"expiryTime": "<timespanInISO8601Format>"
}
}

Page 451
From PowerShell
Run the following command for each key to update its policy:
Set-AzKeyVaultKeyRotationPolicy -VaultName test-kv -Name test-key -PolicyPath
rotation_policy.json
Note: It is easiest to supply the policy flags in a .json file. An example json file would be:
<#
rotation_policy.json
{
"lifetimeActions": [
{
"trigger": {
"timeAfterCreate": "P<timespanInISO8601Format>M",
"timeBeforeExpiry": null
},
"action": {
"type": "Rotate"
}
},
{
"trigger": {
"timeBeforeExpiry": "P<timespanInISO8601Format>D"
},
"action": {
"type": "Notify"
}
}
],
"attributes": {
"expiryTime": "P<timespanInISO8601Format>Y"
}
}
#>

Default Value:
By default, Automatic Key Rotation is not enabled.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/keys/how-to-configure-key-
rotation
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/customer-managed-
keys-overview#update-the-key-version
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/windows/disks-enable-
customer-managed-keys-powershell#set-up-an-azure-key-vault-and-
diskencryptionset-optionally-with-automatic-key-rotation
4. https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/updates/public-preview-automatic-key-rotation-
of-customermanaged-keys-for-encrypting-azure-managed-disks/
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/keyvault/key/rotation-
policy?view=azure-cli-latest#az-keyvault-key-rotation-policy-update

Page 452
 6. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.keyvault/set-
azkeyvaultkeyrotationpolicy?view=azps-8.1.0
7. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/kusto/query/scalar-data-
types/timespan
8. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-6-use-a-secure-key-management-process

Additional Information:
Automatic Key Rotation is in public preview, so any configuration will not change upon
full release.
**Note: ** Azure CLI and Powershell use ISO8601 flags to input timespans. Every
timespan input will be in the format P<timespanInISO8601Format>(Y,M,D). The leading
P is required with it denoting period. The (Y,M,D) are for the duration of Year, Month,
Day respectively. A time frame of 2 years, 2 months, 2 days would be (P2Y2M2D).
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

6.2 Establish an Access Revoking Process

Establish and follow a process, preferably automated, for revoking access to
v8 enterprise assets, through disabling accounts immediately upon termination, rights ● ● ●
revocation, or role change of a user. Disabling accounts, instead of deleting
accounts, may be necessary to preserve audit trails.

16.7 Establish Process for Revoking Access

Establish and follow an automated process for revoking system access by
v7 disabling accounts immediately upon termination or change of responsibilities of an ● ●
employee or contractor . Disabling these accounts, instead of deleting accounts,
allows preservation of audit trails.

Page 453
9 AppService
This section covers security recommendations for Azure AppService.

Page 454
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in Azure
App Service (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Azure App Service Authentication is a feature that can prevent anonymous HTTP
requests from reaching a Web Application or authenticate those with tokens before they
reach the app. If an anonymous request is received from a browser, App Service will
redirect to a logon page. To handle the logon process, a choice from a set of identity
providers can be made, or a custom authentication mechanism can be implemented.
Rationale:
By Enabling App Service Authentication, every incoming HTTP request passes through
it before being handled by the application code. It also handles authentication of users
with the specified provider (Azure Active Directory, Facebook, Google, Microsoft
Account, and Twitter), validation, storing and refreshing of tokens, managing the
authenticated sessions and injecting identity information into request headers.
Impact:
This is only required for App Services which require authentication. Enabling on site like
a marketing or support website will prevent unauthenticated access which would be
undesirable.
Adding Authentication requirement will increase cost of App Service and require
additional security components to facilitate the authentication.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on Authentication
5. Ensure that App Service authentication set to Enabled (Will only appear once
an Identity provider is set up/selected)

From Azure CLI

To check App Service Authentication status for an existing app, run the following
command,

Page 455
az webapp auth show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME>
--query enabled
The output should return true if App Service authentication is set to On.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, click on Authentication
5. If no identity providers are set up, then click Add identity provider
6. Choose other parameters as per your requirements and click on Add

From Azure CLI

To set App Service Authentication for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp auth update --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --enabled true
Note
In order to access App Service authentication settings for Web app using Microsoft
API requires Website contributor permission at subscription level. A custom role can
be created in place of Website contributor to provide more specific permission and
maintain the principle of least privileged access.
Default Value:
By default, App Service Authentication is disabled when a new app is created using the
command-line tool or Azure Portal console.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-authentication-
overview
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/built-in-
roles#website-contributor
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
privileged-access#pa-5-automate-entitlement-management
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
governance-strategy#gs-6-define-identity-and-privileged-access-strategy

Page 456
Additional Information:
You're not required to use App Service for authentication and authorization. Many web
frameworks are bundled with security features, and you can use them if you like. If you
need more flexibility than App Service provides, you can also write your own utilities.
Secure authentication and authorization require deep understanding of security,
including federation, encryption, JSON web tokens (JWT) management, grant types,
and so on.
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1018

Page 457
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in
Azure App Service (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Azure Web Apps allows sites to run under both HTTP and HTTPS by default. Web apps
can be accessed by anyone using non-secure HTTP links by default. Non-secure HTTP
requests can be restricted and all HTTP requests redirected to the secure HTTPS port.
It is recommended to enforce HTTPS-only traffic.
Rationale:
Enabling HTTPS-only traffic will redirect all non-secure HTTP requests to HTTPS ports.
HTTPS uses the TLS/SSL protocol to provide a secure connection which is both
encrypted and authenticated. It is therefore important to support HTTPS for the security
benefits.
Impact:
When it is enabled, every incoming HTTP request is redirected to the HTTPS port. This
means an extra level of security will be added to the HTTP requests made to the app.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, click on TLS/SSL settings
5. Under the Bindings pane, ensure that HTTPS Only set to On under Protocol
Settings

From Azure CLI

To check HTTPS-only traffic value for an existing app, run the following command,
az webapp show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME> --
query httpsOnly
The output should return true if HTTPS-only traffic value is set to On.
From PowerShell
List all the web apps configured within the subscription.
Get-AzWebApp | Select-Object ResourceGroup, Name, HttpsOnly
For each web app review the HttpsOnly setting and make sure it is set to True.

Page 458
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on TLS/SSL settings
5. Under the Bindings pane, set HTTPS Only to On under Protocol Settings section

From Azure CLI

To set HTTPS-only traffic value for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp update --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME> --
set httpsOnly=true
From PowerShell
Set-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> -Name <APP_NAME> -
HttpsOnly $true

Default Value:
By default, HTTPS-only feature will be disabled when a new app is created using the
command-line tool or Azure Portal console.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-web-tutorial-
custom-ssl#enforce-https
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-3-encrypt-sensitive-data-in-transit
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.websites/set-
azwebapp?view=azps-8.1.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

Page 459
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1040 TA0006, TA0007 M1041

Page 460
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS encryption
(Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
The TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol secures transmission of data over the
internet using standard encryption technology. Encryption should be set with the latest
version of TLS. App service allows TLS 1.2 by default, which is the recommended TLS
level by industry standards such as PCI DSS.
Rationale:
App service currently allows the web app to set TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2. It is
highly recommended to use the latest TLS 1.2 version for web app secure connections.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on TLS/SSL settings
5. Under the Bindings pane, ensure that Minimum TLS Version set to 1.2 under
Protocol Settings

From Azure CLI

To check TLS Version for an existing app, run the following command,
az webapp config show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query minTlsVersion
The output should return 1.2 if TLS Version is set to 1.2 (Which is currently the latest
version).
From PowerShell
List all web apps.
Get-AzWebApp
For each web app run the following command.
Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> -Name <APP_NAME>
|Select-Object -ExpandProperty SiteConfig
Make sure the minTlsVersion is set to at least 1.2.

Page 461
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on SSL settings
5. Under the Bindings pane, set Minimum TLS Version to 1.2 under Protocol
Settings section

From Azure CLI

To set TLS Version for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp config set --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME>
--min-tls-version 1.2
From PowerShell
Set-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> -Name <APP_NAME> -
MinTlsVersion 1.2

Default Value:
By default, TLS Version feature will be set to 1.2 when a new app is created using the
command-line tool or Azure Portal console.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-web-tutorial-
custom-ssl#enforce-tls-versions
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-3-encrypt-sensitive-data-in-transit
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
network-security#ns-8-detect-and-disable-insecure-services-and--protocols
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/az.websites/set-
azwebapp?view=azps-8.1.0

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

Page 462
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1040 TA0006, TA0007 M1041

Page 463
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming client
certificates)' set to 'On' (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Client certificates allow for the app to request a certificate for incoming requests. Only
clients that have a valid certificate will be able to reach the app.
Rationale:
The TLS mutual authentication technique in enterprise environments ensures the
authenticity of clients to the server. If incoming client certificates are enabled, then only
an authenticated client who has valid certificates can access the app.
Impact:
Utilizing and maintaining client certificates will require additional work to obtain and
manage replacement and key rotation.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under the Settings section, Click on Configuration, then General settings
5. Ensure that the option Client certificate mode located under Incoming client
certificates is set to Require

From Azure CLI

To check Incoming client certificates value for an existing app, run the following
command,
az webapp show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME> --
query clientCertEnabled
The output should return true if Incoming client certificates value is set to On.
From PowerShell
List all web apps.
Get-AzWebApp
For each web app run the following command.
Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroup <app resource group> -Name <app name>
Make sure the ClientCertEnabled is set to True.

Page 464
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under the Settings section, Click on Configuration, then General settings
5. Set the option Client certificate mode located under Incoming client
certificates to Require

From Azure CLI

To set Incoming client certificates value for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp update --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME> --
set clientCertEnabled=true

Default Value:
By default, incoming client certificates will be disabled when a new app is created using
the command-line tool or Azure Portal console.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-4-authenticate-server-and-services

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

Page 465
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1071 TA0011 M1031

Page 466
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is enabled on
App Service (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Managed service identity in App Service provides more security by eliminating secrets
from the app, such as credentials in the connection strings. When registering with Azure
Active Directory in App Service, the app will connect to other Azure services securely
without the need for usernames and passwords.
Rationale:
App Service provides a highly scalable, self-patching web hosting service in Azure. It
also provides a managed identity for apps, which is a turn-key solution for securing
access to Azure SQL Database and other Azure services.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Portal open the Portal Menu in the top left
2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under the Setting section, Click on Identity
5. Under the System assigned pane, ensure that Status set to On

From Azure CLI

To check Register with Azure Active Directory feature status for an existing app, run the
following command,
az webapp identity show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query principalId
The output should return unique Principal ID.
If no output for the above command then Register with Azure Active Directory is not set.
From PowerShell
List the web apps.
Get-AzWebApp
For each web app run the following command.
Get-AzWebapp -ResourceGroupName <app resource group> -Name <app name>
Make sure the Identity setting contains a unique Principal ID

Page 467
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on Identity
5. Under the System assigned pane, set Status to On

From Azure CLI

To set Register with Azure Active Directory feature for an existing app, run the following
command:
az webapp identity assign --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME>
From PowerShell
To register with Azure Active Directory feature for an existing app, run the following
command:
Set-AzWebApp -AssignIdentity $True -ResourceGroupName <resource_Group_Name> -
Name <App_Name>

Default Value:
By default, Managed service identity via Azure AD is disabled.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/app-service/app-service-web-tutorial-
connect-msi
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-1-use-centralized-identity-and-authentication-system

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

v8 5.6 Centralize Account Management ● ●

Centralize account management through a directory or identity service.

16.2 Configure Centralized Point of Authentication

v7 Configure access for all accounts through as few centralized points of ● ●
authentication as possible, including network, security, and cloud systems.

Page 468
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1078.004 TA0001 M1018

Page 469
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run the
Web App (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Periodically newer versions are released for PHP software either due to security flaws
or to include additional functionality. Using the latest PHP version for web apps is
recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or additional
functionalities of the newer version.
Rationale:
Newer versions may contain security enhancements and additional functionality. Using
the latest software version is recommended in order to take advantage of
enhancements and new capabilities. With each software installation, organizations need
to determine if a given update meets their requirements. They must also verify the
compatibility and support provided for any additional software against the update
revision that is selected.
Impact:
If your app is written using version-dependent features or libraries, they may not be
available on the latest version. If you wish to upgrade, research the impact thoroughly.
Upgrading may have unforeseen consequences that could result in downtime.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left
2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane, ensure that for a Stack of PHP the Major
Version and Minor Version reflect the latest stable and supported release.

** The latest stable version can be confirmed by going to php.net. Navigate to the
downloads, and then find the most recent version that is marked by Current Stable PHP
[version_number]. **
NOTE: No action is required If PHP version is set to Off as PHP is not used by your
web app.

Page 470
From Azure CLI
To check PHP version for an existing app, run the following command,
az webapp config show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query "{LinuxFxVersion:linuxFxVersion,PHP_Version:phpVersion}"
From PowerShell
$application = Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name
<app name>
$application.SiteConfig | select-object LinuxFXVersion, phpVersion
The output should return the latest available version of PHP. Any other version of PHP
would be considered a finding.
NOTE: No action is required, If the output is empty as PHP is not used by your web
app.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left
2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane, ensure that for a Stack of PHP the Major
Version and Minor Version reflect the latest stable and supported release.

NOTE: No action is required If PHP version is set to Off or is set with an empty value as
PHP is not used by your web app.
From Azure CLI
List the available PHP runtimes:
az webapp list-runtimes
To set latest PHP version for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp config set --resource-group <resource group name> --name <app name>
[--linux-fx-version <php runtime version>][--php-version <php version>]
From PowerShell
To set latest PHP version for an existing app, run the following command:
Set-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <app name> -
phpVersion <php version>
NOTE: Currently there is no way to update an existing web app Linux FX Version
setting using PowerShell, nor is there a way to create a new web app using PowerShell
that configures the PHP runtime in the Linux FX Version setting.

Default Value:
The version of PHP is whatever was selected upon App creation.

Page 471
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/web-sites-configure#general-
settings
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-7-rapidly-and-automatically-remediate-
software-vulnerabilities
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-3-establish-secure-configurations-for-
compute-resources
4. https://www.php.net/downloads

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.2 Ensure Authorized Software is Currently Supported

Ensure that only currently supported software is designated as authorized in the
software inventory for enterprise assets. If software is unsupported, yet necessary
v8 for the fulfillment of the enterprise’s mission, document an exception detailing ● ● ●
mitigating controls and residual risk acceptance. For any unsupported software
without an exception documentation, designate as unauthorized. Review the
software list to verify software support at least monthly, or more frequently.

2.2 Ensure Software is Supported by Vendor

Ensure that only software applications or operating systems currently supported
v7 by the software's vendor are added to the organization's authorized software ● ● ●
inventory. Unsupported software should be tagged as unsupported in the inventory
system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1051

Page 472
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version, if
Used to Run the Web App (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Periodically, newer versions are released for Python software either due to security
flaws or to include additional functionality. Using the latest full Python version for web
apps is recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or
additional functionalities of the newer version.
Rationale:
Newer versions may contain security enhancements and additional functionality. Using
the latest software version is recommended in order to take advantage of
enhancements and new capabilities. With each software installation, organizations need
to determine if a given update meets their requirements. They must also verify the
compatibility and support provided for any additional software against the update
revision that is selected. Using the latest full version will keep your stack secure to
vulnerabilities and exploits.
Impact:
If your app is written using version-dependent features or libraries, they may not be
available on the latest version. If you wish to upgrade, research the impact thoroughly.
Upgrading may have unforeseen consequences that could result in downtime.
Audit:
From Azure Console

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left
2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane and ensure that for a Stack of Python, with
Major Version of Python 3, that the Minor Version is set to the latest stable
version available (Python 3.11, at the time of writing)

NOTE: No action is required if Python version is set to Off, as Python is not used by
your web app.

Page 473
From Azure CLI
To check Python version for an existing app, run the following command
az webapp config show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query
"{LinuxFxVersion:linuxFxVersion,WindowsFxVersion:windowsFxVersion,PythonVersi
on:pythonVersion}
The output should return the latest stable version of Python.
NOTE: No action is required if the output is empty, as Python is not used by your web
app.
From PowerShell
$app = Get-AzWebApp -Name <app name> -ResourceGroup <resource group name>
$app.SiteConfig |Select-Object LinuxFXVersion, WindowsFxVersion,
PythonVersion
Ensure the output of the above command shows the latest version of Python.
NOTE: No action is required if the output is empty, as Python is not used by your web
app.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. From Azure Home open the Portal Menu in the top left
2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane and ensure that the Major Version and the
Minor Version is set to the latest stable version available (Python 3.11, at the
time of writing)

NOTE: No action is required if Python version is set to Off, as Python is not used by
your web app.
From Azure CLI
To see the list of supported runtimes:
az webapp list-runtimes
To set latest Python version for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp config set --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME>
[--windows-fx-version "PYTHON|3.11"] [--linux-fx-version "PYTHON|3.11"]
From PowerShell
As of this writing, there is no way to update an existing application's SiteConfig or set
the a new application's SiteConfig settings during creation via PowerShell.

Default Value:
The version of Python is whatever was selected upon App creation.

Page 474
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/web-sites-configure#general-
settings
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-7-rapidly-and-automatically-remediate-
software-vulnerabilities
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-3-establish-secure-configurations-for-
compute-resources
4. https://www.python.org/downloads/

Additional Information:
** The latest stable version can be confirmed by going to python.org. Navigate to the
downloads, and then find the most recent version that is marked by security in the
maintenance column. **
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.2 Ensure Authorized Software is Currently Supported

Ensure that only currently supported software is designated as authorized in the
software inventory for enterprise assets. If software is unsupported, yet necessary
v8 for the fulfillment of the enterprise’s mission, document an exception detailing ● ● ●
mitigating controls and residual risk acceptance. For any unsupported software
without an exception documentation, designate as unauthorized. Review the
software list to verify software support at least monthly, or more frequently.

2.2 Ensure Software is Supported by Vendor

Ensure that only software applications or operating systems currently supported
v7 by the software's vendor are added to the organization's authorized software ● ● ●
inventory. Unsupported software should be tagged as unsupported in the inventory
system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1051

Page 475
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the Web
App (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Periodically, newer versions are released for Java software either due to security flaws
or to include additional functionality. Using the latest Java version for web apps is
recommended in order to take advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new
functionalities of the newer version.
Rationale:
Newer versions may contain security enhancements and additional functionality. Using
the latest software version is recommended in order to take advantage of
enhancements and new capabilities. With each software installation, organizations need
to determine if a given update meets their requirements. They must also verify the
compatibility and support provided for any additional software against the update
revision that is selected.
Impact:
If your app is written using version-dependent features or libraries, they may not be
available on the latest version. If you wish to upgrade, research the impact thoroughly.
Upgrading may have unforeseen consequences that could result in downtime.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane and ensure that for a Stack of Java the
Major Version and Minor Version reflect the latest stable and supported
release, and that the Java web server version is set to the auto-update option.

NOTE: No action is required if Java version is set to Off, as Java is not used by your
web app.

Page 476
From Azure CLI
To check Java version for an existing app, run the following command,
az webapp config show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query "{LinuxFxVersion:linuxFxVersion,
WindowsFxVersion:windowsFxVersion, JavaVersion:javaVersion,
JavaContainerVersion:javaContainerVersion, JavaContainer:javaContainer}"
The output should return the latest available version of Java (if java is being used for the
web application being audited).
From PowerShell
For each application, store the application information within an object, and then
interrogate the SiteConfig information for that application object.
$app = Get-AzWebApp -Name <app name> -ResourceGroup <resource group name>

$app.SiteConfig |Select-Object LinuxFXVersion, WindowsFxVersion, JavaVersion,

JavaContainerVersion, JavaContainer
Ensure the Java version used within the application is a currently supported version (if
java is being used for the web application being audited).
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Settings section, click on Configuration
5. Click on the General settings pane and ensure that for a Stack of Java the
Major Version and Minor Version reflect the latest stable and supported
release, and that the Java web server version is set to the auto-update option.

NOTE: No action is required if Java version is set to Off, as Java is not used by your
web app.
From Azure CLI
To see the list of supported runtimes:
az webapp list-runtimes
To set latest Java version for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp config set --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME>
[--java-version <JAVA_VERSION> --java-container <JAVA_CONTAINER> --java-
container-version <JAVA_CONTAINER_VERSION> [--windows-fx-version <java
runtime version>] [--linux-fx-version <java runtime version version>]
If creating a new web application to use a currently supported version of Java, run the
following commands.

Page 477
To create an app service plan:
az appservice plan create --resource-group <resource group name> --name <plan
name> --location <location> [--is-linux --number-of-workers <int> --sku
<pricing tier>] [--hyper-v --sku <pricing tier>]

Get the app service plan ID:

az appservice plan list --query "[].{Name:name, ID:id, SKU:sku,
Location:location}"
To create a new Java web application using the retrieved app service ID:
az webapp create --resource-group <resource group name> --plan <app service
plan ID> --name <app name> [--linux-fx-version <java run time version>] [--
windows-fx-version <java run time version>]
From PowerShell
As of this writing, there is no way to update an existing application's SiteConfig or set a
new application's SiteConfig settings during creation via PowerShell.

Default Value:
The default setting is whichever setting was chosen in the creation of the webapp.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/web-sites-configure#general-
settings
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-3-establish-secure-configurations-for-
compute-resources
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-3-establish-secure-configurations-for-
compute-resources
4. https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#java11

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.2 Ensure Authorized Software is Currently Supported

Ensure that only currently supported software is designated as authorized in the
software inventory for enterprise assets. If software is unsupported, yet necessary
v8 for the fulfillment of the enterprise’s mission, document an exception detailing ● ● ●
mitigating controls and residual risk acceptance. For any unsupported software
without an exception documentation, designate as unauthorized. Review the
software list to verify software support at least monthly, or more frequently.

Page 478
Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.2 Ensure Software is Supported by Vendor

Ensure that only software applications or operating systems currently supported
v7 by the software's vendor are added to the organization's authorized software ● ● ●
inventory. Unsupported software should be tagged as unsupported in the inventory
system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1051

Page 479
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run the
Web App (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
Periodically, newer versions are released for HTTP either due to security flaws or to
include additional functionality. Using the latest HTTP version for web apps to take
advantage of security fixes, if any, and/or new functionalities of the newer version.
Rationale:
Newer versions may contain security enhancements and additional functionality. Using
the latest version is recommended in order to take advantage of enhancements and
new capabilities. With each software installation, organizations need to determine if a
given update meets their requirements. They must also verify the compatibility and
support provided for any additional software against the update revision that is selected.
HTTP 2.0 has additional performance improvements on the head-of-line blocking
problem of old HTTP version, header compression, and prioritization of requests. HTTP
2.0 no longer supports HTTP 1.1's chunked transfer encoding mechanism, as it
provides its own, more efficient, mechanisms for data streaming.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on Configuration
5. Ensure that HTTP Version set to 2.0 version under General settings

NOTE: Most modern browsers support HTTP 2.0 protocol over TLS only, while non-
encrypted traffic continues to use HTTP 1.1. To ensure that client browsers connect to
your app with HTTP/2, either buy an App Service Certificate for your app's custom
domain or bind a third party certificate.
From Azure CLI
To check HTTP 2.0 version status for an existing app, run the following command,
az webapp config show --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name
<APP_NAME> --query http20Enabled
The output should return true if HTTPS 2.0 traffic value is set to On.

Page 480
From PowerShell
For each application, run the following command:
Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <app resource group> -Name <app name>
|Select-Object -ExpandProperty SiteConfig
If the value of the Http20Enabled setting is true, the application is compliant. Otherwise
if the value of the Http20Enabled setting is false, the application is non-compliant.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal using https://portal.azure.com

2. Go to App Services
3. Click on each App
4. Under Setting section, Click on Configuration
5. Set HTTP version to 2.0 under General settings

NOTE: Most modern browsers support HTTP 2.0 protocol over TLS only, while non-
encrypted traffic continues to use HTTP 1.1. To ensure that client browsers connect to
your app with HTTP/2, either buy an App Service Certificate for your app's custom
domain or bind a third party certificate.
From Azure CLI
To set HTTP 2.0 version for an existing app, run the following command:
az webapp config set --resource-group <RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME> --name <APP_NAME>
--http20-enabled true
From PowerShell
To enable HTTP 2.0 version support, run the following command:
Set-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <app resource group> -Name <app name> -
Http20Enabled $true

References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/web-sites-configure#general-
settings
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-7-rapidly-and-automatically-remediate-
software-vulnerabilities
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-3-establish-secure-configurations-for-
compute-resources

Page 481
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

2.2 Ensure Authorized Software is Currently Supported

Ensure that only currently supported software is designated as authorized in the
software inventory for enterprise assets. If software is unsupported, yet necessary
v8 for the fulfillment of the enterprise’s mission, document an exception detailing ● ● ●
mitigating controls and residual risk acceptance. For any unsupported software
without an exception documentation, designate as unauthorized. Review the
software list to verify software support at least monthly, or more frequently.

2.2 Ensure Software is Supported by Vendor

Ensure that only software applications or operating systems currently supported
v7 by the software's vendor are added to the organization's authorized software ● ● ●
inventory. Unsupported software should be tagged as unsupported in the inventory
system.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1190 TA0001 M1051

Page 482
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled (Automated)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 1
Description:
By default, Azure Functions, Web, and API Services can be deployed over FTP. If FTP
is required for an essential deployment workflow, FTPS should be required for FTP
login for all App Service Apps and Functions.
Rationale:
Azure FTP deployment endpoints are public. An attacker listening to traffic on a wifi
network used by a remote employee or a corporate network could see login traffic in
clear-text which would then grant them full control of the code base of the app or
service. This finding is more severe if User Credentials for deployment are set at the
subscription level rather than using the default Application Credentials which are unique
per App.
Impact:
Any deployment workflows that rely on FTP or FTPs rather than the WebDeploy or
HTTPs endpoints may be affected.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to the Azure Portal

2. Select App Services
3. Click on an app
4. Select Settings and then Configuration
5. Under General Settings, for the Platform Settings, the FTP state should not
be set to All allowed

From Azure CLI

List webapps to obtain the ids.
az webapp list
List the publish profiles to obtain the username, password
and ftp server url.
az webapp deployment list-publishing-profiles --ids <ids>
{
"publishUrl": <URL_FOR_WEB_APP>,
"userName": <USER_NAME>,
"userPWD": <USER_PASSWORD>,
}

Page 483
From PowerShell
List all Web Apps:
Get-AzWebApp
For each app:
Get-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <app name> |
Select-Object -ExpandProperty SiteConfig
In the output, look for the value of FtpsState. If its value is AllAllowed the setting is out
of compliance. Any other value is considered in compliance with this check.
Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Go to the Azure Portal

2. Select App Services
3. Click on an app
4. Select Settings and then Configuration
5. Under General Settings, for the Platform Settings, the FTP state should be
set to Disabled or FTPS Only

From Azure CLI

For each out of compliance application, run the following choosing either 'disabled' or
'FtpsOnly' as appropriate:
az webapp config set --resource-group <resource group name> --name <app name>
--ftps-state [disabled|FtpsOnly]
From PowerShell
For each out of compliance application, run the following:
Set-AzWebApp -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -Name <app name> -
FtpsState <Disabled or FtpsOnly>

Default Value:
By default, FTP based deployment is All allowed

References:

1. [Azure Web Service Deploy via FTP](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-

us/azure/app-service/deploy-ftp)
2. [Azure Web Service Deployment](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-
service/overview-security)
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
data-protection#dp-4-encrypt-sensitive-information-in-transit
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
posture-vulnerability-management#pv-7-rapidly-and-automatically-remediate-
software-vulnerabilities

Page 484
CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.10 Encrypt Sensitive Data in Transit

v8 Encrypt sensitive data in transit. Example implementations can include: ● ●
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Open Secure Shell (OpenSSH).

v7 14.4 Encrypt All Sensitive Information in Transit ● ●

Encrypt all sensitive information in transit.

16.5 Encrypt Transmittal of Username and

v7 Authentication Credentials
Ensure that all account usernames and authentication credentials are
● ●
transmitted across networks using encrypted channels.

MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1570 TA0008 M1031

Page 485
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets
(Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Azure Key Vault will store multiple types of sensitive information such as encryption
keys, certificate thumbprints, and Managed Identity Credentials. Access to these
'Secrets' can be controlled through granular permissions.
Rationale:
The credentials given to an application have permissions to create, delete, or modify
data stored within the systems they access. If these credentials are stored within the
application itself, anyone with access to the application or a copy of the code has
access to them. Storing within Azure Key Vault as secrets increases security by
controlling access. This also allows for updates of the credentials without redeploying
the entire application.
Impact:
Integrating references to secrets within the key vault are required to be specifically
integrated within the application code. This will require additional configuration to be
made during the writing of an application, or refactoring of an already written one. There
are also additional costs that are charged per 10000 requests to the Key Vault.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Login to Azure Portal

2. In the expandable menu on the left go to Key Vaults
3. View the Key Vaults listed.

From Azure CLI

To list key vaults within a subscription run the following command:
Get-AzKeyVault
To list the secrets within these key vaults run the following command:
Get-AzKeyVaultSecret [-VaultName] <vault name>
From Powershell
To list key vaults within a subscription run the following command:
Get-AzKeyVault
To list all secrets in a key vault run the following command:
Get-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName '<vaultName'

Page 486
Remediation:
Remediation has 2 steps

1. Setup the Key Vault

2. Setup the App Service to use the Key Vault

Step 1: Set up the Key Vault

From Azure CLI

az keyvault create --name "<name>" --resource-group "<myResourceGroup>" --
location myLocation
From Powershell
New-AzKeyvault -name <name> -ResourceGroupName <myResourceGroup> -Location
<myLocation>

Step 2: Set up the App Service to use the Key Vault

Sample JSON Template for App Service Configuration:

Page 487
{
//...
"resources": [
{
"type": "Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts",
"name": "[variables('storageAccountName')]",
//...
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Insights/components",
"name": "[variables('appInsightsName')]",
//...
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.Web/sites",
"name": "[variables('functionAppName')]",
"identity": {
"type": "SystemAssigned"
},
//...
"resources": [
{
"type": "config",
"name": "appsettings",
//...
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/sites',
variables('functionAppName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/',
variables('keyVaultName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets',
variables('keyVaultName'), variables('storageConnectionStringName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets',
variables('keyVaultName'), variables('appInsightsKeyName'))]"
],
"properties": {
"AzureWebJobsStorage":
"[concat('@Microsoft.KeyVault(SecretUri=',
reference(variables('storageConnectionStringResourceId')).secretUriWithVersio
n, ')')]",
"WEBSITE_CONTENTAZUREFILECONNECTIONSTRING":
"[concat('@Microsoft.KeyVault(SecretUri=',
reference(variables('storageConnectionStringResourceId')).secretUriWithVersio
n, ')')]",
"APPINSIGHTS_INSTRUMENTATIONKEY":
"[concat('@Microsoft.KeyVault(SecretUri=',
reference(variables('appInsightsKeyResourceId')).secretUriWithVersion,
')')]",
"WEBSITE_ENABLE_SYNC_UPDATE_SITE": "true"
//...
}
},
{
"type": "sourcecontrols",
"name": "web",
//...
"dependsOn": [

Page 488
 "[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/sites',
variables('functionAppName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/sites/config',
variables('functionAppName'), 'appsettings')]"
],
}
]
},
{
"type": "Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults",
"name": "[variables('keyVaultName')]",
//...
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Web/sites',
variables('functionAppName'))]"
],
"properties": {
//...
"accessPolicies": [
{
"tenantId":
"[reference(concat('Microsoft.Web/sites/', variables('functionAppName'),
'/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/Identities/default'), '2015-08-31-
PREVIEW').tenantId]",
"objectId":
"[reference(concat('Microsoft.Web/sites/', variables('functionAppName'),
'/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/Identities/default'), '2015-08-31-
PREVIEW').principalId]",
"permissions": {
"secrets": [ "get" ]
}
}
]
},
"resources": [
{
"type": "secrets",
"name": "[variables('storageConnectionStringName')]",
//...
"dependsOn": [
"[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/',
variables('keyVaultName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts',
variables('storageAccountName'))]"
],
"properties": {
"value":
"[concat('DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=',
variables('storageAccountName'), ';AccountKey=',
listKeys(variables('storageAccountResourceId'),'2015-05-01-preview').key1)]"
}
},
{
"type": "secrets",
"name": "[variables('appInsightsKeyName')]",
//...
"dependsOn": [

Page 489
 "[resourceId('Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/',
variables('keyVaultName'))]",
"[resourceId('Microsoft.Insights/components',
variables('appInsightsName'))]"
],
"properties": {
"value":
"[reference(resourceId('microsoft.insights/components/',
variables('appInsightsName')), '2015-05-01').InstrumentationKey]"
}
}
]
}
]
}

Default Value:
By default, no Azure Key Vaults are created.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-key-vault-
references
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
identity-management#im-2-manage-application-identities-securely-and-
automatically
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/keyvault?view=azure-cli-latest
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/keyvault?view=azure-cli-latest

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.1 Establish and Maintain a Data Management Process

Establish and maintain a data management process. In the process, address
v8 data sensitivity, data owner, handling of data, data retention limits, and disposal
requirements, based on sensitivity and retention standards for the enterprise.
● ● ●
Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes
occur that could impact this Safeguard.

13.1 Maintain an Inventory Sensitive Information

v7 Maintain an inventory of all sensitive information stored, processed, or
transmitted by the organization's technology systems, including those located onsite
● ● ●
or at a remote service provider.

Page 490
MITRE ATT&CK Mappings:

Techniques / Sub-
Tactics Mitigations
techniques

T1552 TA0006 M1041

Page 491
10 Miscellaneous

Page 492
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
Azure Resources (Manual)
Profile Applicability:

• Level 2
Description:
Resource Manager Locks provide a way for administrators to lock down Azure
resources to prevent deletion of, or modifications to, a resource. These locks sit outside
of the Role Based Access Controls (RBAC) hierarchy and, when applied, will place
restrictions on the resource for all users. These locks are very useful when there is an
important resource in a subscription that users should not be able to delete or change.
Locks can help prevent accidental and malicious changes or deletion.
Rationale:
As an administrator, it may be necessary to lock a subscription, resource group, or
resource to prevent other users in the organization from accidentally deleting or
modifying critical resources. The lock level can be set to to CanNotDelete or ReadOnly to
achieve this purpose.

• CanNotDelete means authorized users can still read and modify a resource, but
they cannot delete the resource.
• ReadOnly means authorized users can read a resource, but they cannot delete or
update the resource. Applying this lock is similar to restricting all authorized
users to the permissions granted by the Reader role.

Impact:
There can be unintended outcomes of locking a resource. Applying a lock to a parent
service will cause it to be inherited by all resources within. Conversely, applying a lock
to a resource may not apply to connected storage, leaving it unlocked. Please see the
documentation for further information.
Audit:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the specific Azure Resource or Resource Group

2. Click on Locks
3. Ensure the lock is defined with name and description, with type Read-only or
Delete as appropriate.

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From Azure CLI
Review the list of all locks set currently:
az lock list --resource-group <resourcegroupname> --resource-name
<resourcename> --namespace <Namespace> --resource-type <type> --parent ""
From Powershell
Run the following command to list all resources.
Get-AzResource
For each resource, run the following command to check for Resource Locks.
Get-AzResourceLock -ResourceName <Resource Name> -ResourceType <Resource
Type> -ResourceGroupName <Resource Group Name>
Review the output of the Properties setting. Compliant settings will have the
CanNotDelete or ReadOnly value.

Remediation:
From Azure Portal

1. Navigate to the specific Azure Resource or Resource Group

2. For each mission critical resource, click on Locks
3. Click Add
4. Give the lock a name and a description, then select the type, Read-only or
Delete as appropriate
5. Click OK

From Azure CLI

To lock a resource, provide the name of the resource, its resource type, and its
resource group name.
az lock create --name <LockName> --lock-type <CanNotDelete/Read-only> --
resource-group <resourceGroupName> --resource-name <resourceName> --resource-
type <resourceType>
From Powershell
Get-AzResourceLock -ResourceName <Resource Name> -ResourceType <Resource
Type> -ResourceGroupName <Resource Group Name> -Locktype <CanNotDelete/Read-
only>

Default Value:
By default, no locks are set.
References:

1. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-group-
lock-resources
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/resource-
manager-subscription-governance#azure-resource-locks

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 3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-
us/azure/governance/blueprints/concepts/resource-locking
4. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/security-controls-v3-
asset-management#am-4-limit-access-to-asset-management

CIS Controls:

Controls
Control IG 1 IG 2 IG 3
Version

3.3 Configure Data Access Control Lists

v8 Configure data access control lists based on a user’s need to know. Apply data
access control lists, also known as access permissions, to local and remote file
● ● ●
systems, databases, and applications.

14.6 Protect Information through Access Control Lists

Protect all information stored on systems with file system, network share,
v7 claims, application, or database specific access control lists. These controls will
enforce the principle that only authorized individuals should have access to the
● ● ●
information based on their need to access the information as a part of their
responsibilities.

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Appendix: Summary Table
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1 Identity and Access Management

1.1 Security Defaults

1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active  

Directory (Manual)

1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all  

Privileged Users (Manual)

1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all  

Non-Privileged Users (Manual)

1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor  

authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
(Manual)

1.2 Conditional Access

1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined (Manual)  

1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is  

considered (Manual)

1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for  

Administrative Groups (Manual)

1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for  

All Users (Manual)

1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky  

Sign-ins (Manual)

1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure  

Management (Manual)

1.3 Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set  

to 'No' (Automated)

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1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in  

Azure AD Privileged Identity Management (Manual)

1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  

(Manual)

1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set  

to '2' (Manual)

1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to  

'Enforce' for your Organization (Manual)

1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to  

re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
(Manual)

1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to  

'Yes' (Manual)

1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset  
their password?' is set to 'Yes' (Manual)

1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not  

allow user consent` (Manual)

1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow  

for Verified Publishers’ (Manual)

1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is  

set to 'No' (Manual)

1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to  

‘No’ (Manual)

1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to  

'Guest user access is restricted to properties and
memberships of their own directory objects' (Manual)

1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only  

users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest
users" (Manual)

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1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration  

portal' is Set to 'Yes' (Manual)

1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups  

features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes' (Manual)

1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure  

portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No' (Manual)

1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership  

requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No' (Manual)

1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in  

Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No' (Manual)

1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to  

register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
(Manual)

1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator  

Roles Exist (Automated)

1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for  

Administering Resource Locks (Manual)

1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and  

‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit
No One’ (Manual)

2 Microsoft Defender

2.1 Microsoft Defender for Cloud

2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to  

'On' (Manual)

2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set  

To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To  

'On' (Manual)

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2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL  

Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on  

Machines Is Set To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source  

Relational Databases Is Set To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To  

'On' (Manual)

2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To  

'On' (Manual)

2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is  

Set To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To  

'On' (Manual)

2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'  

(Manual)

2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager  

Is Set To 'On' (Manual)

2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for  

'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed' (Manual)

2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not  
Set to 'Disabled' (Manual)

2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for  

Azure VMs' is Set to 'On' (Automated)

2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability  

assessment for machines' is Set to 'On' (Manual)

2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for  

Containers components' is Set to 'On' (Manual)

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2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to  
'Owner' (Automated)

2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a  

Security Contact Email (Automated)

2.1.20 Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the following  

severity' is Set to 'High' (Automated)

2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps  

integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected
(Manual)

2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration  

with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected (Manual)

2.2 Microsoft Defender for IoT

2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To  

'On' (Manual)

2.3 Microsoft Defender for External Attack Surface Monitoring

3 Storage Accounts

3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'  

(Automated)

3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each  

Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to ‘enabled’
(Automated)

3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled  

for each Storage Account (Manual)

3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are  

Periodically Regenerated (Manual)

3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service  

for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests (Automated)

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3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire  

Within an Hour (Manual)

3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage  

accounts with blob containers (Automated)

3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage  

Accounts is Set to Deny (Automated)

3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list  

to access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage
Account Access (Automated)

3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage  

Accounts (Automated)

3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and  

Blob Storage (Automated)

3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with  

Customer Managed Keys (Manual)

3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for  

'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests (Automated)

3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for  

'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests (Automated)

3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts  

is set to "Version 1.2" (Automated)

4 Database Services

4.1 SQL Server - Auditing

4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' (Automated)  

4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from  

0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) (Automated)

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4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)  

protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key
(Automated)

4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured  

for SQL Servers (Automated)

4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL  

Database (Automated)

4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  

(Automated)

4.2 SQL Server - Microsoft Defender for SQL

4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for  
critical SQL Servers (Automated)

4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on  

a SQL server by setting a Storage Account (Automated)

4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting  

'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL
server (Automated)

4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send  

scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server
(Automated)

4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also  

send email notifications to admins and subscription
owners' is set for each SQL Server (Automated)

4.3 PostgreSQL Database Server

4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for  

PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)

4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'  

for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)

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4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'  

for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)

4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to  

'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)

4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to  

'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server (Automated)

4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater  

than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server
(Automated)

4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL  

Database Server is disabled (Automated)

4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL  

Database Server is 'Enabled' (Automated)

4.4 MySQL Database

4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for  

Standard MySQL Database Server (Automated)

4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL  

flexible Database Server (Automated)

4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to  

'ON' for MySQL Database Server (Manual)

4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has  

'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
(Manual)

4.5 Cosmos DB

4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use  

Selected Networks Instead of All Networks (Automated)

4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where  

Possible (Manual)

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4.5.3 Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication  

and Azure RBAC where possible. (Manual)

5 Logging and Monitoring

5.1 Configuring Diagnostic Settings

5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists (Manual)  

5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate  

categories (Automated)

5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is  

not Publicly Accessible (Automated)

5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with  

activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed Key
(Automated)

5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'  

(Automated)

5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are  

captured and sent to Log Analytics (Manual)

5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is  

enabled (Manual)

5.2 Monitoring using Activity Log Alerts

5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy  
Assignment (Automated)

5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy  
Assignment (Automated)

5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update  
Network Security Group (Automated)

5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network  
Security Group (Automated)

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5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update  
Security Solution (Automated)

5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security  
Solution (Automated)

5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update  
SQL Server Firewall Rule (Automated)

5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL  
Server Firewall Rule (Automated)

5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update  
Public IP Address rule (Automated)

5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP  
Address rule (Automated)

5.3 Configuring Application Insights

5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured (Automated)  

5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled  

for All Services that Support it (Manual)

5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on  

artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for
Production Workloads) (Automated)

6 Networking

6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated  

and restricted (Automated)

6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated  

and restricted (Automated)

6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated  

and restricted (Automated)

6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is  

evaluated and restricted (Automated)

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6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention  

period is 'greater than 90 days' (Automated)

6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' (Automated)  

6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a  

Periodic Basis (Manual)

7 Virtual Machines

7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists (Automated)  

7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks  

(Automated)

7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with  
Customer Managed Key (CMK) (Automated)

7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with  

'Customer Managed Key' (CMK) (Automated)

7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  

(Manual)

7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines  

is installed (Manual)

7.7 [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted (Manual)  

8 Key Vault

8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in  
RBAC Key Vaults (Automated)

8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-  
RBAC Key Vaults. (Automated)

8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in  
RBAC Key Vaults (Automated)

8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in  
Non-RBAC Key Vaults (Automated)

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8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable (Automated)  

8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
(Manual)

8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key  
Vault (Manual)

8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure  

Key Vault for the Supported Services (Manual)

9 AppService

9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in  

Azure App Service (Automated)

9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in  

Azure App Service (Automated)

9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS  

encryption (Automated)

9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming  

client certificates)' set to 'On' (Automated)

9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is  

enabled on App Service (Automated)

9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run  

the Web App (Manual)

9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,  

if Used to Run the Web App (Manual)

9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the  
Web App (Manual)

9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run  

the Web App (Automated)

9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled (Automated)  

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9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  

(Manual)

10 Miscellaneous

10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical  

Azure Resources (Manual)

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Appendix: CIS Controls v7 IG 1 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
 
considered
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups
 
features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes'
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure
 
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership
 
requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No'
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in
 
Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks

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1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured  

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6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled'  
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

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Appendix: CIS Controls v7 IG 2 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Privileged Users
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Non-Privileged Users
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
 
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined  
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
 
considered
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
Administrative Groups
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
All Users
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
 
Sign-ins
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
 
Management
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set
 
to '2'
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
 
'Enforce' for your Organization
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to
 
re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to
 
'Yes'

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Correctly
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1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset
 
their password?' is set to 'Yes'
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
 
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users"
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups
 
features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes'
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure
 
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership
 
requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No'
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in
 
Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to
 
register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator
 
Roles Exist
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'  

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Correctly
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2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set
 
To 'On'
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL
 
Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on
 
Machines Is Set To 'On'
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source
 
Relational Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is
 
Set To 'On'
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'  
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager
 
Is Set To 'On'
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for
 
Azure VMs' is Set to 'On'
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability
 
assessment for machines' is Set to 'On'
2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for
 
Containers components' is Set to 'On'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email

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2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
 
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
 
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To
 
'On'
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'  
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
 
each Storage Account
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
 
Periodically Regenerated
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service
 
for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire
 
Within an Hour
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage
 
Accounts
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests
3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts
 
is set to "Version 1.2"
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On'  
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
 
protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured
 
for SQL Servers
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  

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 Recommendation Set
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Yes No
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for
 
critical SQL Servers
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on
 
a SQL server by setting a Storage Account
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting
'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL  
server
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send
 
scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also
send email notifications to admins and subscription  
owners' is set for each SQL Server
4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for
 
PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
 
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for
 
Standard MySQL Database Server
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL
 
flexible Database Server
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks

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4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible  
5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists  
5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
 
categories
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'  
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are
 
captured and sent to Log Analytics
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is
 
enabled
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Network Security Group
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network
 
Security Group
5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Security Solution
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security
 
Solution
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
SQL Server Firewall Rule
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL
 
Server Firewall Rule
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Public IP Address rule
5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP
 
Address rule
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured  
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled
 
for All Services that Support it

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 Recommendation Set
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Yes No
5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on
artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for  
Production Workloads)
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
 
evaluated and restricted
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
 
period is 'greater than 90 days'
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled'  
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
 
RBAC Key Vaults.
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
Non-RBAC Key Vaults
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key
 
Vault
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure
 
Key Vault for the Supported Services

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in
 
Azure App Service
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS
 
encryption
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is
 
enabled on App Service
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled  
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

Page 519
Appendix: CIS Controls v7 IG 3 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Privileged Users
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Non-Privileged Users
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
 
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined  
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
 
considered
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
Administrative Groups
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
All Users
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
 
Sign-ins
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
 
Management
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set
 
to '2'
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
 
'Enforce' for your Organization
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to
 
re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to
 
'Yes'

Page 520
 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset
 
their password?' is set to 'Yes'
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
 
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users"
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups
 
features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes'
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure
 
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership
 
requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No'
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in
 
Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to
 
register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator
 
Roles Exist
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'  

Page 521
 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set
 
To 'On'
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL
 
Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on
 
Machines Is Set To 'On'
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source
 
Relational Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is
 
Set To 'On'
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'  
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager
 
Is Set To 'On'
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for
 
Azure VMs' is Set to 'On'
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability
 
assessment for machines' is Set to 'On'
2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for
 
Containers components' is Set to 'On'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
2.1.20 Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the following
 
severity' is Set to 'High'
2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
 
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
 
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To
 
'On'
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'  
3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each
 
Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to ‘enabled’
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
 
each Storage Account
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
 
Periodically Regenerated
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service
 
for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire
 
Within an Hour
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage
 
Accounts is Set to Deny
3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list
to access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage  
Account Access
3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage
 
Accounts
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Keys
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts
 
is set to "Version 1.2"
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On'  
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
 
protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured
 
for SQL Servers
4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL
 
Database
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for
 
critical SQL Servers
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on
 
a SQL server by setting a Storage Account
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting
'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL  
server
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send
 
scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also
send email notifications to admins and subscription  
owners' is set for each SQL Server
4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for
 
PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
 
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server

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Yes No
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is 'Enabled'
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for
 
Standard MySQL Database Server
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL
 
flexible Database Server
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible  
5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists  
5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
 
categories
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with
 
activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed Key
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'  
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are
 
captured and sent to Log Analytics
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is
 
enabled
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Network Security Group
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network
 
Security Group

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5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Security Solution
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security
 
Solution
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
SQL Server Firewall Rule
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL
 
Server Firewall Rule
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Public IP Address rule
5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP
 
Address rule
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured  
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled
 
for All Services that Support it
5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on
artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for  
Production Workloads)
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
 
evaluated and restricted
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
 
period is 'greater than 90 days'
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled'  
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks  
7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Key (CMK)

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7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with
 
'Customer Managed Key' (CMK)
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
 
RBAC Key Vaults.
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
Non-RBAC Key Vaults
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key
 
Vault
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure
 
Key Vault for the Supported Services
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in
 
Azure App Service
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS
 
encryption
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is
 
enabled on App Service
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App

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9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled  
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

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Appendix: CIS Controls v7 Unmapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.3 Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set
 
to 'No'
4.5.3 Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication
 
and Azure RBAC where possible.

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Appendix: CIS Controls v8 IG 1 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Privileged Users
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Non-Privileged Users
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
 
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
Administrative Groups
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
All Users
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
 
Sign-ins
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
 
Management
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set
 
to '2'
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
 
'Enforce' for your Organization
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to
 
re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset
 
their password?' is set to 'Yes'
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’

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1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
 
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users"
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to
 
register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator
 
Roles Exist
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'  
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager
 
Is Set To 'On'
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
 
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
 
each Storage Account

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3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
 
Periodically Regenerated
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire
 
Within an Hour
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list
to access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage  
Account Access
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
 
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted

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Correctly
Yes No
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
 
evaluated and restricted
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
 
period is 'greater than 90 days'
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
 
RBAC Key Vaults.
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
Non-RBAC Key Vaults
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure
 
Key Vault for the Supported Services
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App

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9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

Page 534
Appendix: CIS Controls v8 IG 2 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Privileged Users
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Non-Privileged Users
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
 
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined  
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
 
considered
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
Administrative Groups
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
All Users
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
 
Sign-ins
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
 
Management
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set
 
to '2'
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
 
'Enforce' for your Organization
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to
 
re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to
 
'Yes'

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Yes No
1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset
 
their password?' is set to 'Yes'
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
 
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users"
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to
 
register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator
 
Roles Exist
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'  
2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set
 
To 'On'
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL
 
Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on
 
Machines Is Set To 'On'

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Yes No
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source
 
Relational Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is
 
Set To 'On'
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'  
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager
 
Is Set To 'On'
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for
 
Azure VMs' is Set to 'On'
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability
 
assessment for machines' is Set to 'On'
2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for
 
Containers components' is Set to 'On'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email
2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
 
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
 
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To
 
'On'
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'  
3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each
 
Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to ‘enabled’

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Yes No
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
 
each Storage Account
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
 
Periodically Regenerated
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service
 
for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire
 
Within an Hour
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage
 
Accounts is Set to Deny
3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list
to access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage  
Account Access
3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage
 
Accounts
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Keys
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests
3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts
 
is set to "Version 1.2"
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On'  
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
 
protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured
 
for SQL Servers
4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL
 
Database

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Yes No
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for
 
critical SQL Servers
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on
 
a SQL server by setting a Storage Account
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting
'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL  
server
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send
 
scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also
send email notifications to admins and subscription  
owners' is set for each SQL Server
4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for
 
PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
 
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is 'Enabled'
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for
 
Standard MySQL Database Server
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL
 
flexible Database Server
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server

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Correctly
Yes No
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible  
5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists  
5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
 
categories
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with
 
activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed Key
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'  
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are
 
captured and sent to Log Analytics
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is
 
enabled
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Network Security Group
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network
 
Security Group
5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Security Solution
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security
 
Solution
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
SQL Server Firewall Rule
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL
 
Server Firewall Rule
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Public IP Address rule

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5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP
 
Address rule
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled
 
for All Services that Support it
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
 
evaluated and restricted
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
 
period is 'greater than 90 days'
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled'  
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks  
7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Key (CMK)
7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with
 
'Customer Managed Key' (CMK)
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
7.7 [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted  
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
 
RBAC Key Vaults.
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
Non-RBAC Key Vaults

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8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key
 
Vault
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure
 
Key Vault for the Supported Services
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in
 
Azure App Service
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS
 
encryption
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is
 
enabled on App Service
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled  
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

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Appendix: CIS Controls v8 IG 3 Mapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.1.1 Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure Active
 
Directory
1.1.2 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Privileged Users
1.1.3 Ensure that 'Multi-Factor Auth Status' is 'Enabled' for all
 
Non-Privileged Users
1.1.4 Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
 
authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled
1.2.1 Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined  
1.2.2 Ensure that an exclusionary Geographic Access Policy is
 
considered
1.2.3 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
Administrative Groups
1.2.4 Ensure that A Multi-factor Authentication Policy Exists for
 
All Users
1.2.5 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Risky
 
Sign-ins
1.2.6 Ensure Multi-factor Authentication is Required for Azure
 
Management
1.4 Ensure Access Review is Set Up for External Users in
 
Azure AD Privileged Identity Management
1.5 Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a Regular Basis  
1.6 Ensure That 'Number of methods required to reset' is set
 
to '2'
1.7 Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
 
'Enforce' for your Organization
1.8 Ensure that 'Number of days before users are asked to
 
re-confirm their authentication information' is not set to '0'
1.9 Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is set to
 
'Yes'

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1.10 Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other admins reset
 
their password?' is set to 'Yes'
1.11 Ensure `User consent for applications` is set to `Do not
 
allow user consent`
1.12 Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set To ‘Allow for
 
Verified Publishers’
1.13 Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My Apps' is
 
set to 'No'
1.14 Ensure That ‘Users Can Register Applications’ Is Set to
 
‘No’
1.15 Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to
'Guest user access is restricted to properties and  
memberships of their own directory objects'
1.16 Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to "Only users
 
assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users"
1.17 Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD administration
 
portal' is Set to 'Yes'
1.18 Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups
 
features in the Access Pane' is Set to 'Yes'
1.19 Ensure that 'Users can create security groups in Azure
 
portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.20 Ensure that 'Owners can manage group membership
 
requests in the Access Panel' is set to 'No'
1.21 Ensure that 'Users can create Microsoft 365 groups in
 
Azure portals, API or PowerShell' is set to 'No'
1.22 Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor Authentication to
 
register or join devices with Azure AD' is set to 'Yes'
1.23 Ensure That No Custom Subscription Administrator
 
Roles Exist
1.24 Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned Permissions for
 
Administering Resource Locks
1.25 Ensure That ‘Subscription Entering AAD Directory’ and
‘Subscription Leaving AAD Directory’ Is Set To ‘Permit  
No One’
2.1.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is Set to 'On'  

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
2.1.2 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set
 
To 'On'
2.1.3 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.4 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure SQL
 
Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.5 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on
 
Machines Is Set To 'On'
2.1.6 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-Source
 
Relational Databases Is Set To 'On'
2.1.7 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.8 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.9 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure Cosmos DB Is
 
Set To 'On'
2.1.10 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault Is Set To
 
'On'
2.1.11 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set To 'On'  
2.1.12 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource Manager
 
Is Set To 'On'
2.1.13 Ensure that Microsoft Defender Recommendation for
 
'Apply system updates' status is 'Completed'
2.1.14 Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings are Not
 
Set to 'Disabled'
2.1.15 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics agent for
 
Azure VMs' is Set to 'On'
2.1.16 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability
 
assessment for machines' is Set to 'On'
2.1.17 Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft Defender for
 
Containers components' is Set to 'On'
2.1.18 Ensure That 'All users with the following roles' is set to
 
'Owner'
2.1.19 Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a
 
Security Contact Email

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2.1.20 Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the following
 
severity' is Set to 'High'
2.1.21 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
 
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is Selected
2.1.22 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint integration
 
with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected
2.2.1 Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is Set To
 
'On'
3.1 Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to 'Enabled'  
3.2 Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’ for Each
 
Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to ‘enabled’
3.3 Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is enabled for
 
each Storage Account
3.4 Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
 
Periodically Regenerated
3.5 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue Service
 
for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.6 Ensure that Shared Access Signature Tokens Expire
 
Within an Hour
3.7 Ensure that 'Public access level' is disabled for storage
 
accounts with blob containers
3.8 Ensure Default Network Access Rule for Storage
 
Accounts is Set to Deny
3.9 Ensure 'Allow Azure services on the trusted services list
to access this storage account' is Enabled for Storage  
Account Access
3.10 Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access Storage
 
Accounts
3.11 Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure Containers and
 
Blob Storage
3.12 Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Keys
3.13 Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests
3.14 Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table Service for
 
'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests

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 Recommendation Set
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3.15 Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" for storage accounts
 
is set to "Version 1.2"
4.1.1 Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On'  
4.1.2 Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from
 
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)
4.1.3 Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
 
protector is encrypted with Customer-managed key
4.1.4 Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is Configured
 
for SQL Servers
4.1.5 Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a SQL
 
Database
4.1.6 Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'  
4.2.1 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set to 'On' for
 
critical SQL Servers
4.2.2 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is enabled on
 
a SQL server by setting a Storage Account
4.2.3 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting
'Periodic recurring scans' is set to 'on' for each SQL  
server
4.2.4 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Send
 
scan reports to' is configured for a SQL server
4.2.5 Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) setting 'Also
send email notifications to admins and subscription  
owners' is set for each SQL Server
4.3.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for
 
PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.2 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.3 Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON'
 
for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.4 Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.5 Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to
 
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server
4.3.6 Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater
 
than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
4.3.7 Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is disabled
4.3.8 Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for PostgreSQL
 
Database Server is 'Enabled'
4.4.1 Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for
 
Standard MySQL Database Server
4.4.2 Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL
 
flexible Database Server
4.4.3 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set to
 
'ON' for MySQL Database Server
4.4.4 Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events' has
 
'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server
4.5.1 Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use
 
Selected Networks Instead of All Networks
4.5.2 Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used Where Possible  
5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists  
5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
 
categories
5.1.3 Ensure the Storage Container Storing the Activity Logs is
 
not Publicly Accessible
5.1.4 Ensure the storage account containing the container with
 
activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed Key
5.1.5 Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'  
5.1.6 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs are
 
captured and sent to Log Analytics
5.1.7 Ensure that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is
 
enabled
5.2.1 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.2 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy
 
Assignment
5.2.3 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Network Security Group
5.2.4 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network
 
Security Group

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
5.2.5 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Security Solution
5.2.6 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Security
 
Solution
5.2.7 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
SQL Server Firewall Rule
5.2.8 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL
 
Server Firewall Rule
5.2.9 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update
 
Public IP Address rule
5.2.10 Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP
 
Address rule
5.4 Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is Enabled
 
for All Services that Support it
6.1 Ensure that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.2 Ensure that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.3 Ensure that UDP access from the Internet is evaluated
 
and restricted
6.4 Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
 
evaluated and restricted
6.5 Ensure that Network Security Group Flow Log retention
 
period is 'greater than 90 days'
6.6 Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled'  
6.7 Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated on a
 
Periodic Basis
7.1 Ensure an Azure Bastion Host Exists  
7.2 Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed Disks  
7.3 Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with
 
Customer Managed Key (CMK)
7.4 Ensure that 'Unattached disks' are encrypted with
 
'Customer Managed Key' (CMK)
7.5 Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are Installed  

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 Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
7.6 Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual Machines
 
is installed
7.7 [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted  
8.1 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.2 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in Non-
 
RBAC Key Vaults.
8.3 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
RBAC Key Vaults
8.4 Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all Secrets in
 
Non-RBAC Key Vaults
8.5 Ensure the Key Vault is Recoverable  
8.6 Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key Vault  
8.7 Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key
 
Vault
8.8 Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within Azure
 
Key Vault for the Supported Services
9.1 Ensure App Service Authentication is set up for apps in
 
Azure App Service
9.2 Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to HTTPS in
 
Azure App Service
9.3 Ensure Web App is using the latest version of TLS
 
encryption
9.4 Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates (Incoming
 
client certificates)' set to 'On'
9.5 Ensure that Register with Azure Active Directory is
 
enabled on App Service
9.6 Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used to Run
 
the Web App
9.7 Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable Version,
 
if Used to Run the Web App
9.8 Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used to run the
 
Web App
9.9 Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if Used to Run
 
the Web App

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 Recommendation Set
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Yes No
9.10 Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled  
9.11 Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store Secrets  
10.1 Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission-Critical
 
Azure Resources

Page 551
Appendix: CIS Controls v8 Unmapped
Recommendations
Recommendation Set
Correctly
Yes No
1.3 Ensure that 'Users can create Azure AD Tenants' is set
 
to 'No'
4.5.3 Use Azure Active Directory (AAD) Client Authentication
 
and Azure RBAC where possible.
5.3.1 Ensure Application Insights are Configured  
5.5 Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used on
artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for  
Production Workloads)

Page 552
Appendix: Change History
Date Version Changes for this version

Feb 14, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for
PostgreSQL Database Server is disabled - Changed
assessment status to automated (Ticket 17695)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for
PostgreSQL Database Server is 'Enabled' - Removed
post-deployment remediation (Ticket 17677)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress
from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) - Clarified language in procedure
(Ticket 16453)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than
90 days' - Language included to indicate 0 days for
unlimited retention (Ticket 17483)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set
to 'On' for critical SQL Servers - Navigation and auditing
procedures (Ticket 16452)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 DELETE - Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-
factor authentication on devices they trust' is 'Disabled' -
Duplicate recommendation (Ticket 17471)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure ‘User consent for applications’ Is Set
To ‘Allow for Verified Publishers’ - Updated procedure
(Ticket 16261)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the
following severity' is Set to 'High' - Updated default value
(Ticket 17370)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’
for Each Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to
‘enabled’ - Updated assessment status from Manual to
Automated (Ticket 17321)

Feb 13, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited
to Use Selected Networks Instead of All Networks -
Assessment status updated to automated (Ticket 17323)

Page 553
Date Version Changes for this version

Feb 10, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress
from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) - Updated procedure (Ticket
17655)

Feb 9, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Log Analytics
agent for Azure VMs' is Set to 'On' - Updated steps (Ticket
17645)

Feb 8, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in RBAC Key Vaults - Updated procedure &
language (Ticket 17625)

Feb 8, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in Non-RBAC Key Vaults - Updated procedure and
language (Ticket 17627)

Feb 8, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Secrets in RBAC Key Vaults - Updated procedure and
language (Ticket 17630)

Feb 8, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Secrets in Non-RBAC Key Vaults - Updated procedure
and language (Ticket 17631)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that a 'Diagnostic Setting' exists -
Updated the PowerShell/Azure CLI (Ticket 17268)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
categories - Updated audit/remediation procedures (Ticket
17267)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure the Storage Container Storing the
Activity Logs is not Publicly Accessible - All Audit and
Procedure Steps Updated (Ticket 16383)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests - Updated
parameter names (Ticket 16937)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests -
Updated parameter names (Ticket 16936)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Servers Is
Set to 'On' - Updated procedure (Ticket 16675)

Page 554
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft
Defender for Containers components' is Set to 'On' -
Changed from Automated to Manual (Ticket 16597)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can consent to apps
accessing company data on their behalf' is set - Procedure
Update and Ordered (Ticket 17109)

Jan 31, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That ‘Users Can Consent to Apps
Accessing Company Data on Their Behalf’ Is Set To ‘Allow
for Verified Publishers’ - Updated Procedure (Ticket
16668)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If
Used to Run the Web App - updated CLI (Ticket 17409)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest
Stable Version, if Used to Run the Web App - Add
Powershell Audit/Remediation (Ticket 15836)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used
to run the Web App - Added detail to AZ CLI & added
PowerShell to audit (Ticket 15837)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed
Disks - Changed from Manual to Automated (Ticket
17320)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' -
changed from manual to automated (Ticket 17319)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is
Enabled for All Services that Support it - Created Az
CLI/PowerShell Audit/Remediation procedures (Ticket
17263)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Public IP Address rule - Added Az CLI/PowerShell
Audit/remediation procedures (Ticket 17253)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Public IP Address rule - Added Az
CLI/PowerShell audit/remediation procedures (Ticket
17254)

Page 555
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
SQL Server Firewall Rule - Added Az CLI/PowerShell
audit/remediation procedures (Ticket 17255)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update SQL Server Firewall Rule - Added Az
CLI/PowerShell audit/remediation procedures (Ticket
17256)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for 'Delete
Security Rule (Network Security Group)' - type no longer
exists (Ticket 15382)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Security Solution - Added Az CLI/PowerShell
audit/remediation procedures (Ticket 17257)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 DELETE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Network Security Group Rule - type no longer
exists (Ticket 15381)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Security Solution - Added Az CLI/PowerShell
audit/remediation procedures (Ticket 17258)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Network Security Group - Added Azure CLI/PowerShell
remediation/audit procedures (Ticket 17259)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Network Security Group - Added Azure
CLI/PowerShell remediation/audit procedures (Ticket
17260)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Policy Assignment - Added Az CLI/PowerShell
Audit/Remediation procedures (Ticket 17261)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
Policy Assignment - Added Azure CLI/PowerShell
audit/remediation back in (Ticket 17262)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that logging for Azure AppService
'HTTP logs' is enabled - Log source name updated to
current 'HTTP logs' source (Ticket 16689)

Page 556
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is
'Enabled' - Updated/added PowerShell and Az CLI to the
Audit/Remediation procedures (Ticket 17264)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure the storage account containing the
container with activity logs is encrypted with Customer
Managed Key - Updated Az CLI and added PowerShell for
Audit/remediation procedures (Ticket 17265)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access
Storage Accounts - Fix / Add PowerShell & CLI (Ticket
16187)

Jan 27, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access
Storage Accounts - Assessment status updated to
'automated' (Ticket 17322)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-
factor authentication on devices they trust' is Disabled -
Procedure updated (Ticket 16640)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a
SQL Database - Added Powershell Remediation method
(Ticket 17473)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'log_connections' is

set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Added
Powershell & updated prose (Ticket 17474)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to
'ENABLED' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Added
Powershell & updated prose (Ticket 17475)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is

set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Added
PowerShell & updated prose (Ticket 17476)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections'

is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Added
PowerShell & updated prose (Ticket 17477)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'connection_throttling'

is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Added
Powershell & updated prose (Ticket 17478)

Page 557
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days'

is greater than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server -
Added PowerShell & updated prose (Ticket 17479)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure SQL server's Transparent Data
Encryption (TDE) protector is encrypted with Customer-
managed key - Added PowerShell & Updated Prose
(Ticket 17480)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'All users with the following roles'
is set to 'Owner' - Prose updated (Ticket 16860)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is

Configured with a Security Contact Email - Updated Prose
(Ticket 16871)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Notify about alerts with the
following severity' is Set to 'High' - Updated prose (Ticket
16872)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Proposed change for Ensure that Microsoft
Defender for Cloud Apps integration with Microsoft
Defender for Cloud is Selected - Updated prose (Ticket
16703)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected -
Remediation procedure correction (Ticket 16702)

Jan 24, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings
are Not Set to 'Disabled' - Remediation steps updated for
clarity (Ticket 16663)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 ADDED - Ensure that SKU Basic/Consumption is not used
on artifacts that need to be monitored (Particularly for
Production Workloads) - New recommendation. (Ticket
17211)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That No Custom Subscription

Administrator Roles Exist - Extensive update to
procedures (Ticket 16737)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers
Is Set To 'On' - CLI and Powershell syntax (Ticket 16450)

Page 558
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Containers
Is Set To 'On' - Procedure steps and product branding
updated. (Ticket 16708)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Azure
Cosmos DB Is Set To 'On' - Prose updated for clarity and
branding (Ticket 16707)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Key Vault
Is Set To 'On' - Prose updated for clarity (Ticket 16706)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for DNS Is Set
To 'On' - Prose updated for clarity (Ticket 16705)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for IoT Hub Is
Set To 'On' - Prose and steps updated (Ticket 16451)

Jan 20, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Resource
Manager Is Set To 'On' - Updated prose for clarity (Ticket
16704)

Jan 19, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Resource Locks are set for
Mission-Critical Azure Resources - Menu navigation
updated (Ticket 16673)

Jan 19, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure
Key Vault - Navigation and terminology updated (Ticket
16679)

Jan 19, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Private Endpoints are Used for
Azure Key Vault - Navigation & Terminology (Ticket
16688)

Jan 19, 2023 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled
Within Azure Key Vault for the Supported Services -
Updated terminology (Ticket 16687)

Jan 13, 2023 2.0.0 ADD - External Attack Surface Monitoring - New Section
(Ticket 17332)

Dec 27, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set
to 'Enforce' for your Organization - Proposed change to
Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set to
'Enforce' for your Organization (Ticket 16641)

Page 559
Date Version Changes for this version

Dec 27, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?'
is set to 'Yes' - Update step 5 (Ticket 16929)

Dec 27, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Notify all admins when other
admins reset their password?' is set to 'Yes' - Update step
5 (Ticket 16928)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
Policy Assignment - Improved procedures (Ticket 16909)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Policy Assignment - Improved procedures (Ticket 16912)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Network Security Group - Improved Procedures
(Ticket 16913)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Network Security Group - Improved Procedure (Ticket
16914)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Security Solution - Improved Procedure (Ticket
16915)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE- Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Security Solution - Improved procedure (Ticket 16916)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update SQL Server Firewall Rule - Improved Procedure
(Ticket 16917)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
SQL Server Firewall Rule - Improved Procedures (Ticket
16918)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Public IP Address rule - Improved Procedure
(Ticket 16919)

Dec 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Public IP Address rule - Improved Procedure (Ticket
16920)

Page 560
Date Version Changes for this version

Dec 22, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure the Storage Container Storing the
Activity Logs is not Publicly Accessible - Improved
instructions (Ticket 17004)

Dec 22, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure the storage account containing the
container with activity logs is encrypted with Customer
Managed Key - Improved instructions (Ticket 17006)

Dec 22, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that logging for Azure Key Vault is
'Enabled' - Improved remediation instructions (Ticket
17056)

Dec 22, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs
are captured and sent to Log Analytics - Updated
navigation instruction (Ticket 16690)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' - Updated
steps for accuracy (Ticket 17018)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than
90 days' - Prose consistency (Ticket 17020)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA)
setting 'Send scan reports to' is configured for a SQL
server - Updated procedure (Ticket 16695)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Allow access to Azure services' for
PostgreSQL Database Server is disabled - Procedure
Updated (Ticket 16667)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is

set to 'ON' for MySQL Database Server - Procedure
Improved (Ticket 16678)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events'

has 'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Server -
Procedure Improved (Ticket 16701)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited
to Use Selected Networks Instead of All Networks -
Procedure updated (Ticket 16700)

Dec 14, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Private Endpoints Are Used
Where Possible - Procedure Updated (Ticket 16693)

Page 561
Date Version Changes for this version

Dec 7, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that ‘Enable Infrastructure Encryption’

for Each Storage Account in Azure Storage is Set to
‘enabled’ - Navigation Corrections (Ticket 16677)

Dec 7, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is
enabled for each Storage Account - Steps updated (Ticket
16664)

Dec 6, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability

assessment for machines' is Set to 'On' - Change to
Manual assessment (Ticket 16596)

Nov 30, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for App
Services Is Set To 'On' - Menu Navigation Update (Ticket
16672)

Nov 30, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Databases
Is Set To 'On' - Navigation Updated (Ticket 16676)

Nov 16, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that a Custom Bad Password List is set
to 'Enforce' for your Organization - (Ticket 16931)

Nov 16, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Require Multi-Factor

Authentication to register or join devices with Azure AD' is
set to 'Yes' - update step 2 (Ticket 16932)

Nov 7, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Minor format error in Audit Procedure (Ticket
16287)

Sep 7, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - CLI/API Availability - Review all "At this point of
time" statements (Ticket 16224)

Aug 26, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that logging for Azure AppService
'AppServiceHTTPLogs' is enabled. - Ensure that
"AppServiceHTTPLogs" is set to "Enabled" (Ticket 15892)

Aug 26, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - 2.3.1 Ensure That 'All users with the following
roles' is set to 'Owner' - Fix typo in 2.3.1 Audit and
Remediation Procedure (Ticket 16257)

Aug 25, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Section 5 - 'Security' is misspelled in 5.2.3,

5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.6 (Ticket 16251)

Page 562
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure
Containers and Blob Storage - Remove errant '>' in 3.11
Remediation Procedure (Ticket 16256)

Aug 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure
Key Vault - Typo in 8.6 Remediation Procedure (Ticket
16252)

Aug 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA)
setting 'Also send email notifications to admins and
subscription owners' is set for each SQL Server - Update
numbering in 4.2.5 Remediation Procedure (Ticket 16254)

Aug 23, 2022 2.0.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to
"Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite
guest users" - Typo in 1.16 Remediation Procedure (Ticket
16253)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Updated Azure

Defender product branding and recommendations (Ticket
14407)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - CIS Controls

mapping typos fixed (Ticket 14534)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure
Containers and Blob Storage - Storage Soft Delete has
outdated Audit Procedure (Ticket 14661)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Defender for SQL is set to
'On' for critical SQL Servers - Title Updated (Ticket 15184)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings
are Not Set to 'Disabled' - Audit procedure updated (Ticket
15162)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UDPATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in RBAC Key Vaults - Added PowerShell Commands
(Ticket 15308)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to
'Enabled' for Standard MySQL Database Server - 4.4.1 -
CIS Control mapping (Ticket 15316)

Page 563
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - 8.1 - 8.5 -

Assessment Status is 'automated' (Ticket 14412)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-factor
authentication on devices they trust' is 'Disabled' &
Restore Deleted Recommendation 'Allow users to
remember mfa on devices they trust' (Ticket 14732)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Monitoring using Activity Log Alerts - Security
Solutions paths Updated (Ticket 14139)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests - Azure
Storage logging for Table is now done via Diagnostic
Settings (no more classic) (Ticket 14976)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests -Azure
Storage logging for blob is now done via Diagnostic
Settings (no more classic) (Ticket 14975)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Ensure that

method headings for audit and remediation procedures
are standardized (Ticket 15346)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs
are captured and sent to Log Analytics - Ensure NSG
Flowlogs are configured (Ticket 15598)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted -
Use the term "Key Vault" where possible, rather than
"Keyvault" or "keyvault" (Ticket 15566)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store
Secrets - Review control 9.11 remediation text (Ticket
15565)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted -
Now specified as legacy (Ticket 14995)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted -
Added reference in 7.6 to Microsoft documentation on how
to convert a VHD to managed disk (Ticket 15820)

Page 564
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
Periodically Regenerated - CLI Syntax Correction (Ticket
15819)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for SQL is set
to 'On' for critical SQL Servers - ATP (Advanced Threat
Protection) is now Defender (Ticket 15746)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Multiple Recommendations - Microsoft Defender for
Cloud - Consider adding more Microsoft Defender
capabilities into the scope. such as Defender for Resource
Manager, open-source relational databases, DNS. (Ticket
14409)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Azure Defender

now known as Microsoft Defender for Cloud (Ticket
15744)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - "Microsoft

Defender for Cloud Apps (MCAS)" is now "Microsoft
Defender for Cloud Apps ('MDCA')" (Ticket 15832)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Product

References to favor "Key Vault" (Ticket 15563)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Azure Key Vaults are Used to Store
Secrets - Description text clarified (Ticket 15564)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled -
Clarification on Azure CLI pass/fail (Ticket 13117)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is
Enabled for All Services that Support it - Added reference
for supported providers/services (Ticket 15703)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is
Enabled for All Services that Support it - Proposed
change for text in Remediation Procedure preceding CLI
command example (Ticket 15625)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Cosmos DB Is
Set To 'On' - Enabled (Ticket 15333)

Page 565
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Activity Log Alerts
- Proposed updates to 5.2.x Remediation Procedure steps
for Azure Console (Ticket 15714)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Storage Account Access Keys are
Periodically Regenerated - 3.2 Ensure that storage
account access keys are periodically regenerated (Ticket
13399)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Enable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key
Vault (Ticket 14200)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Logging and

Monitoring - Azure Storage Analytics succeeded by Azure
Monitor (Ticket 15091)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Register with Azure Active
Directory is enabled on App Service - Added Powershell
Audit/Remediation (Ticket 15834)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Secrets in Non-RBAC Key Vaults -Update 8.4
remediation for consistency (Ticket 15881)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can consent to apps
accessing company data on their behalf' is set to 'No' -
Additional setting for pre-approved apps was added
(Ticket 15302)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that VA setting 'Periodic recurring
scans' to 'on' for each SQL server - Added MITRE
mapping (Ticket 16110)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is selected -
Impact of enabling integrations needs revision (Ticket
16152)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is
evaluated and restricted (Ticket 15721)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Microsoft

Defender for Cloud - Added/Updated MITRE mappings
(Ticket 16000)

Page 566
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests - Default
Value (Ticket 16022)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE mappings

for recommendations 4.8, 6.1, 6.2 (Ticket 16002)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE mappings

for 3.7 and 3.8 (Ticket 16015)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE mappings

for 4.3.1, 4.4.1, 4.4.2, 9.2, and 9.3 (Ticket 16003)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE mappings

for 3.6 and 9.5 (Ticket 16008)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE mappings

for techniques T1078 to T1078.004 (Ticket 16013)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - MITRE Mapping

Added/Updated (Ticket 16014)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Private Endpoints are used to access
Storage Accounts - Audit Procedure clarified (Ticket
16143)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is

set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Default
Value Added (Ticket 16028)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'log_disconnections'

is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Default
Value Added (Ticket 16029)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - 5.2: Updated

Procedures for Activity Log Alerts and Temporarily
Removed CLI Methods

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress
from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) - Add audit steps and
recommendations for other types of DBs (Ticket 15752)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a
SQL Database - Audit Procedure steps for PowerShell
differ from CLI (Ticket 16136)

Page 567
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Before Publishing User Supplied Information in
CLI commands Should be Denoted (Ticket 15760)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Endpoint Protection for all Virtual
Machines is installed -Missing Content - Default Value
(Ticket 16116)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed
Disks - Missing Content - Default Value (Ticket 16115)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is
Enabled for All Services that Support it - Unclear Wording
(Ticket 16113)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs
are captured and sent to Log Analytics - Step-by-step
instructions need better organization (Ticket 16112)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs
are captured and sent to Log Analytics - Audit procedure
clarified (Ticket 16151)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Security Group Flow logs
are captured and sent to Log Analytics - Missing Content -
Default Value (Ticket 16111)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests - Two
sets of Azure Console Audit Procedure steps are listed
(Ticket 16134)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Old References to

Azure Defender need to be changed to Microsoft Defender
(Ticket 15307)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 DELETE - Enable role-based access control (RBAC) is
enabled on Azure Kubernetes Services (Ticket 15925)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Overview - Added PowerShell and Az CLI
requirements for authentication... (Ticket 16155)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Section 2 - New

Powershell and CLI commands (Ticket 15984)

Page 568
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Public IP addresses are Evaluated
on a Periodic Basis -Missing Content - Default Value
Added (Ticket 16114)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_events'

has 'CONNECTION' set for MySQL Database Serve -
Default Value Added (Ticket 16034)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Server Parameter 'log_retention_days'

is greater than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database Server -
Default Value Added (Ticket 16031)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Multiple Recommendations - Azure Security

Benchmark reference needs to be updated to v3 (Ticket
14408)

Aug 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are
Installed - Change to 'manual' assessment status (Ticket
15652)

Aug 12, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure private endpoints are used to access
storage accounts (Ticket 15527)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
categories - Categories listed don't appear to be available
(Ticket 15790)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure the storage account containing the
container with activity logs is encrypted with BYOK (Use
Your Own Key) -Clarification - audit and remediation steps
in rule 5.1.4 contain incorrect assumptions (Ticket 15650)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark
v1.5.0 - Preamble added to Benchmark Overview for use
of PowerShell and Azure CLI (Ticket 16177)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Introduction Page - Add PowerShell and Az
CLI requirements for authentication... (Ticket 16156)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - 4.1 - SQL Server - Auditing - Check overview
wording (Ticket 16026)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender for Open-
Source Relational Databases Is Set To 'On' (Ticket 16119)

Page 569
Date Version Changes for this version

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Vulnerability
assessment for machines' is Set to 'On' (Ticket 16117)

Aug 11, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Auto provisioning of 'Microsoft
Defender for Containers components' is Set to 'On' (Ticket
16118)

Aug 10, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Restrict access to Azure AD
administration portal' is Set to 'Yes' - Add a caveat to
ensure users are aware of there are other interfaces for
admin level access (Ticket 15529)

Aug 9, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that 'Enable key rotation reminders' is
enabled for each Storage Account (Ticket 16159)

Aug 8, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Storage Account Access Keys are
Periodically Regenerated - Portal navigation updated
(Ticket 16158)

Aug 3, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is

enabled on a SQL server by setting a Storage Account -
Added MITRE mappings (Ticket 16109)

Aug 3, 2022 1.5.0 DELETE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender Is Set to

'Enabled' on All Services Relevant to Your Organization
(Ticket 15993)

Aug 2, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That Microsoft Defender Is Set to

'Enabled' on All Services Relevant to Your Organization -
MITRE Mappings Added (Ticket 16038)

Aug 2, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure Automatic Key Rotation is Enabled Within
Azure Key Vault for the Supported Services - Azure Key
Vault auto key rotation feature in preview (include in 8.1 &
8.2) (Ticket 14413)

Jul 28, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure "Allow Azure services and resources to
access this server" is set to OFF (Ticket 12731)

Jul 27, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Configuring Diagnostic Settings - Title section
prose update to include Azure AD Logs (Ticket 15390)

Page 570
Date Version Changes for this version

Jul 27, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure the storage container storing the
activity logs is not publicly accessible - audit and
remediation steps don't follow the current UI and contain
incorrect assumptions (Ticket 15649)

Jul 27, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted - CLI
Syntax Reviewed and Updated (Ticket 15893)

Jul 27, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in Non-RBAC Key Vaults. - Updated the Rationale
Statement with more explicit language. (Ticket 14410)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Table
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' Requests -Update
Description wording (Ticket 15758)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted -
Suggested updates to Remediation Procedure (Ticket
15732)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are
Installed - Suggested change to step 3 of Remediation
Procedure (Ticket 15729)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Web App is using the latest version of
TLS encryption - Add Powershell audit procedure (Ticket
15393)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If
Used to Run the Web App - Add Powershell
Audit/Remediation (Ticket 15835)

Jul 26, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Enable role-based access control (RBAC) is
enabled on Azure Kubernetes Services - Suggest that
remediation procedure include detail on how to enable
RBAC during deployment (Ticket 15582)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest
Stable Version, if Used to Run the Web App - Proposed
update to 'NOTE' within Audit and Remediation Procedure
(Ticket 15621)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Java version' is the latest, if used
to run the Web App - Proposed update to 'NOTE' text in
Audit and Remediation Procedure (Ticket 15622)

Page 571
Date Version Changes for this version

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure a Custom Role is Assigned

Permissions for Administering Resource Locks - Propose
change to 'From Azure Portal' steps in Remediation
Procedure (Ticket 15624)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in Non-RBAC Key Vaults. - Proposed change to
Note text in Remediation Procedure (Ticket 15627)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a
Regular Basis - Proposed change to Description text
(Ticket 15623)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Resource Locks are set for Mission
Critical Azure Resources - Proposed change to Step 2 of
Azure Console Remediation Procedure (Ticket 15628)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Legacy] Ensure that VHDs are Encrypted -
Proposed change to Title and Description text (Ticket
15630)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Virtual Machines are utilizing Managed
Disks - Proposed changes to Description and Remediation
Procedure (From Azure Console, Step 5) text (Ticket
15629)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure SQL server's TDE protector is
encrypted with Customer-managed key - 4.8: Updated
Azure CLI Command (Ticket 15697)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted
with Customer Managed Key (CMK) Suggest update to
step 4 of Remediation Procedure (Ticket 15727)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Further recommendations for Cosmos DB (Ticket
15733)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage logging is Enabled for Blob
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests - Fix typos
in Description (Ticket 15757)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to
'Enabled' for Standard MySQL Database Server -
Proposed updates to Audit, Remediation Procedure and
References (Ticket 15871)

Page 572
Date Version Changes for this version

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in Non-RBAC Key Vaults. - Added PWSH
remediation for 8.2 (Ticket 15878)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Keys in RBAC Key Vaults - Added PWSH remediation for
8.1 (Ticket 15879)

Jul 25, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the Expiration Date is set for all
Secrets in RBAC Key Vaults - Added PWSH remediation
for 8.3 (Ticket 15880)

Jul 21, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled - Add
az cli example and Add Powershell audit & remediation
(Ticket 15822)

Jul 21, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if
Used to Run the Web App - Powershell
Audit/Remediation Added (Ticket 15831)

Jul 21, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for IoT is set to 'On"
(Ticket 15748)

Jul 21, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set
to 'ON' for MySQL Database Server (Ticket 15705)

Jul 21, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure server parameter 'audit_log_enabled' is set
to 'ON' for MySQL Database Server (Ticket 15704)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that 'Enable infrastructure encryption' for
each Storage Accounts in Azure Storage is set to
'Enabled' - Ensure that 'Enable infrastructure encryption' is
set to 'Enabled' (Ticket 15526)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that 'Subscription entering AAD directory'
and 'Subscription leaving AAD directory' is set to 'Permit
no one' (Ticket 15695)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Web App Redirects All HTTP traffic to
HTTPS in Azure App Service - Add powershell audit
procedure (Ticket 15392)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Cosmos DB is
set to 'On (Ticket 15833)

Page 573
Date Version Changes for this version

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for DNS is set to
'On' (Ticket 15717)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Resource
Manager is set to 'On" (Ticket 15718)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Permissions for Approving Apps is
Only Given to Authorized Users - Ensure that 'Users can
register applications' is set to 'No' - Delegate app
registration permissions (Ticket 15530)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage Logging is Enabled for Queue
Service for 'Read', 'Write', and 'Delete' requests - Azure
Storage logging is now done via Diagnostic Settings (no
more classic) (Ticket 14974)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to
Use Selected Networks Instead of All Networks - Ensure
that 'Firewalls & Networks' is set to use a selected network
instead of all networks (Ticket 15334)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure That 'private Endpoints' Are Used Where
Possible - Move 'Ensure that Private Endpoints are used
where possible' to section 6 (Ticket 15723)

Jul 20, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Any of the ASC Default Policy Settings
are Not Set to 'Disabled' - Updates to proposed change
(Ticket 15484)

Jul 19, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Guest Users Are Reviewed on a
Regular Basis - Ensure guest users are reviewed on a
monthly basis - Guest user controls (Ticket 15528)

Jul 14, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates
(Incoming client certificates)' set to 'On' - Add powershell
audit procedure (Ticket 15394)

Jul 12, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure access review is set up for Azure AD
Privileged Identity Management -E5 or AD P2 has built-in
Guest Access Review (Ticket 15438)

Jul 8, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure SQL server's TDE protector is

encrypted with Customer-managed key - CLI syntax
updated (Ticket 15830)

Page 574
Date Version Changes for this version

Jul 5, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to

'ENABLED' for PostgreSQL Database Server - Suggest
minor updates to Audit and Remediation wording (Ticket
15806)

Jun 30, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Databases is set
to 'On" (Ticket 15711)

Jun 23, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure no SQL Databases allow ingress
0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP) - Move recommendation to section 4 -
Database Services (Ticket 15722)

Jun 22, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Azure AD Password Protection' is
'Enforced - Add a bad password control in Section 1 -
Identity and Access Management (Ticket 15514)

Jun 22, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Servers is
set to 'On' - Is this recommendation a level 1 or 2? (Ticket
15710)

Jun 22, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Section: Cosmos DB (Ticket 13995)

Jun 20, 2022 1.5.0 Ensure MySQL has server parameters set to log security
events (Ticket 15674)

Jun 13, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
(WDATP) integration with Microsoft Defender for Cloud is
selected - Powershell Command Added (Ticket 15349)

Jun 13, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - [Branding] - Key Vault (Ticket 15664)

Jun 8, 2022 1.5.0 ADD - Ensure Trusted Locations Are Defined (Ticket
15636)

Jun 8, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can consent to apps
accessing company data on their behalf' is set to 'No' -
Audit/Remediation Procedure Update (Ticket 15520)

Jun 6, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' -

Added Powershell based audit procedure (Ticket 15336)

May 19, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That No Custom Subscription Owner
Roles Are Created - Changed to Profile Level 1 (Ticket
15552)

Page 575
Date Version Changes for this version

May 19, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Guest users access restrictions' is
set to 'Guest user access is restricted to properties and
memberships of their own directory objects'' - Changed to
Profile Level 1 (Ticket 15551)

May 19, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can register applications' is
set to 'No' - Changed to Profile Level 1 (Ticket 15550)

May 19, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to My
Apps' is set to 'No' - Changed to Profile Level 1 (Ticket
15549)

May 16, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" is set to
"Version 1.2" - Add Azure CLI and powershell audit and
remediation procedures (Ticket 15386)

May 16, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Trusted Microsoft Services' are
Enabled for Storage Account Access - add powershell
audit procedure (Ticket 15384)

May 16, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Auditing' is set to 'On' - Add prose
for targets and show examples in remediation (Ticket
15387)

May 16, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Data encryption' is set to 'On' on a
SQL Database - Add powershell audit procedure (Ticket
15388)

May 16, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is
configured - Azure CLI and Powershell syntax updated
(Ticket 15389)

May 13, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - 2.7 Ensure that Microsoft Defender for
Containers is set to 'On' - is not aligned with the last
updates of Azure plans (Ticket 14797)

May 10, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Monitor Resource Logging is
Enabled for All Services that Support it - Diagnostic
settings changed to Azure Monitor - check list of resources
and update reference section (Ticket 13877)

May 10, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update or Delete SQL Server Firewall Rule - Delete
operation is not addressed in audit procedures, other
sections (Ticket 12259)

Page 576
Date Version Changes for this version

May 10, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure Soft Delete is Enabled for Azure
Containers and Blob Storage - Include soft delete for
containers here, as it is recommended by Microsoft (Ticket
15417)

Apr 29, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Only Approved Extensions Are
Installed - Add Powershell Audit Syntax (Ticket 15427)

Apr 28, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Register with Azure Active
Directory is enabled on App Service - Add powershell
audit procedure (Ticket 15395)

Apr 20, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure That No Custom Subscription Owner
Roles Are Created - Updated PowerShell Syntax (Ticket
15348)

Apr 18, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater
than 90 days' - Renumbered 4.1.2/3 to better align with
application (Ticket 15183)

Apr 18, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that the latest OS Patches for all Virtual
Machines are applied - Change Audit step: 'Security
Centre' -> 'Microsoft Defender for Cloud' (Ticket 14179)

Apr 15, 2022 1.5.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Public access level' is set to
Private for blob containers - Update recommendation for
Public Access level to strongly recommend account-level
setting instead of per-container setting (Ticket 14973)

Nov 19, 2021 1.4.0 ADD - Ensure 'Infrastructure double encryption' for
PostgreSQL Database Server is 'Enabled' (Ticket 13671)

Nov 12, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Security Center - Section name changed to
Microsoft Defender for Cloud (Ticket 14134)

Nov 12, 2021 1.4.0 ADD - Ensure the "Minimum TLS version" is set to
"Version 1.2" (Ticket 14135)

Nov 12, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure any of the ASC Default policy setting is
not set to 'Disabled' - Issue with Audit Azure Console
Procedure, Azure CLI Command & Remediation Azure
Console Procedure (Ticket 12713)

Page 577
Date Version Changes for this version

Nov 12, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure the storage container storing the
activity logs is not publicly accessible - No "Export" (Ticket
12941)

Nov 12, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Security Center Section - Out of date Security
Center Audit/Remediation procedures for Azure Console
(Ticket 14112)

Nov 11, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Diagnostic Logs Are Enabled for
All Services that Support it - Change automation status
(Ticket 13829)

Nov 10, 2021 1.4.0 ADD - Ensure 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL
flexible Database Server (Ticket 13804)

Nov 10, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure FTP deployments are Disabled -
changed to the GUI for audit and remediation (Ticket
14131)

Nov 10, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that VHD's are encrypted - Description
need to be updated (Ticket 13054)

Nov 10, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Multiple - Remediation procedure only includes
resources to enable MFA, not set it up (Ticket 12705)

Nov 4, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Notify about alerts with the
following severity' is set to 'High' - CLI changes and
remediation wording change (Ticket 12935)

Nov 4, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to
"Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite
guest users" , Ensure That 'Guests can invite' is Set to 'No'
- Merge 1.13 and 1.14 into one recommendation: 1.xx
Ensure 'Guest invite rest (Ticket 13548)

Oct 28, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'All users with the following roles' is
set to 'Owner' - Issue with Azure CLI Command &
Remediation Azure CLI input json (Ticket 12733)

Oct 28, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure SQL server's TDE protector is
encrypted with Customer-managed key - Issue with Audit
Azure CLI Command & Remediation Azure CLI Command
(Ticket 12752)

Page 578
Date Version Changes for this version

Oct 28, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that logging for Azure KeyVault is
'Enabled' - Issue with Audit Azure Console Procedure &
Remediation Azure CLI Command link procedure (Ticket
12811)

Oct 28, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure guest users are reviewed on a monthly
basis - Change assessment status to manual (Ticket
13935)

Oct 28, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted
with Customer Managed Key (CMK) - Clarify which Azure
encryption feature(s) satisfy 7.2 (Ticket 13237)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Defender is set to On for
SQL servers on machines - Issue with Audit CLI command
parameter, Powershell command parameter and
Remediation CLI command (Ticket 12688)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Defender is set to On for
Kubernetes - Issue with Remediation Procedure for
Command Line Interface i.e. CLI (Ticket 12689)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Defender is set to On for
Container Registries - Issue with Remediation Procedure
for Command Line Interface i.e. CLI (Ticket 12690)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Defender is set to On for
Key Vault - Issue with Audit Procedure for Powershell &
Remediation Procedure for Command Line Interface
(Ticket 12691)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Notify about alerts with the
following severity' is set to 'High' - Issue with Audit CLI
Command (Ticket 12724)

Oct 22, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure soft delete is enabled for Azure Storage
- Issue with Audit CLI Command & Remediation CLI
command (Ticket 12692)

Oct 21, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Microsoft Cloud App Security
(MCAS) integration with Security Center is selected -
correction to Remediation Console procedure & CLI
input.json (Ticket 12701)

Page 579
Date Version Changes for this version

Oct 21, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'PHP version' is the latest, if used
to run the web app - Issue with Audit Azure CLI Command
& Remediation Azure CLI Command (Ticket 12925)

Oct 21, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used
to Run the Web App - Rule 9.6: Proposed change
contains a number of suggestions (Ticket 13964)

Oct 20, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can consent to apps
accessing company data on their behalf' is set to 'No' -
unneeded References (Ticket 12963)

Oct 20, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure That 'Number of methods required to
reset' is set to '2' - Clarify wording (Ticket 12954)

Oct 20, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'HTTP Version' is the Latest, if
Used to Run the Web App - Rule could be automated,
based on REST API endpoint output (Ticket 13827)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 Ensure that Windows Defender ATP (WDATP) integration
with Security Center is selected (Manual) (Ticket 13675)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Windows Defender ATP (WDATP)
integration with Security Center is selected - Correction in
Audit procedure for Azure Console & issue with
Remediation Azure Console also CLI input.json (Ticket
12700)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure App Service Authentication is Set On
Azure App Service - Rule 9.1: Proposed changes
suggested for this rule (Ticket 13958)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Users can add gallery apps to their
Access Panel' is set to 'No' - changed from Access Panel
to My apps (Ticket 13421)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 ADD - MySQL Database - Add sub-section under
database services (Ticket 13984)

Oct 14, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to
'ENABLED' for MySQL Database Server - Move to MySQL
section (Ticket 13985)

Page 580
Date Version Changes for this version

Oct 13, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE- Ensure That Storage Account Access Keys are
Periodically Regenerated - Modify Audit Procedure - Azure
Command Line (Ticket 13967)

Oct 13, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE- Ensure That 'PHP version' is the Latest, If Used
to Run the Web App - Rule 9.6: Default value is
incorrect/out of date (Ticket 13962)

Oct 13, 2021 1.4.0 Update- Ensure that 'Notify users on password resets?' is
set to 'Yes' - References (Ticket 12959)

Oct 13, 2021 1.4.0 Update- Identity and Access Management -References
(Ticket 12961)

Oct 8, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest
Stable Version, if Used to Run the Web App - Issue with
Audit Azure CLI Command & Remediation Azure CLI
Command (Ticket 12926)

Oct 8, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that only approved extensions are
installed - Assessment Method question (Ticket 13545)

Oct 7, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure Storage for Critical Data are Encrypted
with Customer Managed Keys - Change to Manual
assessment (Ticket 13814)

Oct 7, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure 'Trusted Microsoft Services' are Enabled
for Storage Account Access - Change to Automated
assessment status (Ticket 13858)

Sep 24, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Python version' is the Latest Stable
Version, if Used to Run the Web App - Rule 9.7:
Clarification on the 'latest' version of Python (Ticket
13826)

Sep 23, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - 1.16 'Restrict user ability to access groups
features in the Access Pane' option should be set to 'Yes'
(Ticket 13547)

Sep 23, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure That 'Log Analytics agent for Azure
VMs' is Set to 'On' - Incorrect Azure Console Audit
Procedure & Azure Console Remediation Procedure
(Ticket 12734)

Page 581
Date Version Changes for this version

Sep 21, 2021 1.4.0 Update - All Titles and Content - Quotation marks (Ticket
12960)

Sep 17, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Multi-Factor AUTH Status' is
'Enabled' for all Privileged Users - Clarified MFA to users,
groups and roles (Ticket 12703)

Sep 17, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Multi-Factor AUTH STATUS' is
'Enabled' for all Non-Privileged Users - wording change in
Impact Statement (Ticket 12706)

Sep 17, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Notify all admins when other admins reset their
password?' is set to 'Yes' - Reference to procedure (Ticket
12962)

Sep 16, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Guest user permissions are limited'
is set to "Yes" -Change title to "Ensure that 'Guest user
access' is not set to 'Guest users have the same access
as members'" (Ticket 13549)

Sep 16, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Secure transfer required' is set to
'Enabled' - single quotes missing from audit command
(Ticket 13754)

Sep 16, 2021 1.4.0 Update - 5.1.1 Ensure that a 'Diagnostics Setting' exists -
Change Assessment Status to manual (Ticket 13755)

Sep 16, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure 'Additional email addresses' is

configured with a security contact email - Issue with Azure
CLI Command & Remediation Azure CLI Command
(Ticket 12786)

Sep 13, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - For High Security Requirements Ensure that
'OS and Data' disks are encrypted with CMK - change
rational wording (Ticket 13087)

Sep 13, 2021 1.4.0 Update - 5.1.2 Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures
appropriate categories - Rule 5.1.2: Typo in the Audit
Procedure with the Azure Command Line Interface 2.0
subheading (Ticket 13678)

Sep 9, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Users can register applications' is
set to "No" - References (Ticket 12965)

Page 582
Date Version Changes for this version

Sep 9, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is
configured - No CLI command provided for Audit and
Remdiation CLi command not working (Ticket 12753)

Sep 8, 2021 1.4.0 Update - Ensure that 'Restrict user ability to access groups
features in the Access Pane' is set to "Yes" - Value should
be set to Yes (Ticket 12241)

Jul 6, 2021 1.3.1 UPDATE – XLS Export – Mapped recommendations to

MITRE ATT&CK

Jul 6, 2021 1.3.1 UPDATE – Multiple – Mapped recommendations to CIS

Critical Controls version 8

Jun 7, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure guest users are reviewed on a monthly
basis - Typos and wording change in rationale (Ticket
12708)

Jun 7, 2021 1.4.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Allow users to remember multi-
factor authentication on devices they trust' is 'Disabled' -
Wording change (Ticket 12728)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 DELETE - Ensure server parameter 'log_duration' is set to
'ON' for PostgreSQL Database Server - No clear security
value (Ticket 12090)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that a 'Diagnostics Setting' exists -
Intent of recommendation is unclear (Ticket 12092)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Policy Assignment - Minor inconsistencies in remediation
procedure (Ticket 12089)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
Policy Assignment - Minor inconsistencies in remediation
procedure (Ticket 12088)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Network Security Group - Remediation
procedure is incorrect (Ticket 12081)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Network Security Group - Remediation procedure is
incorrect (Ticket 12082)

Page 583
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Network Security Group Rule - Remediation
procedure is incorrect (Ticket 12083)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that activity log alert exists for the
Delete Network Security Group Rule - Remediation
procedure is incorrect (Ticket 12084)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update Security Solution - Remediation procedure is
incorrect (Ticket 12085)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Security Solution - Remediation procedure is incorrect
(Ticket 12086)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Create
or Update or Delete SQL Server Firewall Rule -
Remediation procedure is incorrect (Ticket 12087)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Advanced Data Security (ADS)
and Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) on a SQL server is
set to 'On' - ADS and ATP changed to Azure Defender for
SQL (Ticket 12124)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - SQL Server - Advanced Data Security (ADS) -
ADS is now Azure Defender (Ticket 12112)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 DELETE - Multiple in SQL Server - Advanced Data
Security (ADS) section (Ticket 12125)

Jan 28, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Multiple in 4.2 SQL Server - Advanced Data
Security (ADS) section (Ticket 12126)

Jan 18, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Multiple recommendations - Updated reference

URLs mapping recommendations to the Azure Security
Benchmark

Jan 15, 2021 1.3.0 ADD - 2 Recommendations in Security Center Section - 2

currently available Azure Defender bundles are missing
(Ticket 11638)

Jan 15, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'OS and Data' disks are encrypted
with CMK - Powershell for changing disk encryption
(Ticket 11596)

Page 584
Date Version Changes for this version

Jan 15, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that Azure Active Directory Admin is
configured - Concern that this is an overly simplistic
recommendation (Ticket 8852)

Jan 15, 2021 1.3.0 UPATE - Ensure App Service Authentication is set on
Azure App Service - App Service authentication should be
level 2 not level 1 (Ticket 12063)

Jan 15, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure the web app has 'Client Certificates
(Incoming client certificates)' set to 'On' - Change from
level 1 to level 2 (Ticket 12064)

Jan 13, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure guest users are reviewed on a monthly
basis - Create Dynamic Group for Guest Users and add
Access Review (Ticket 11728)

Jan 12, 2021 1.3.0 ADD - Ensure that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete
Policy Assignment (Ticket 7707)

Jan 12, 2021 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure Security Defaults is enabled on Azure
Active Directory - setting conflicts with the CIS Office
(Microsoft) 365 Benchmark (Ticket 11935)

Dec 11, 2020 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure storage for critical data are encrypted
with Customer Managed Key - update wording in Rational
and impact (Ticket 11903)

Dec 11, 2020 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that 'Public access level' is set to
Private for blob containers - add steps for storage account
settings (Ticket 11902)

Dec 11, 2020 1.3.0 ADD - Ensure Azure Keyvaults are used to store secrets
(Ticket 8982)

Dec 11, 2020 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate
categories - does not work with the new Diagnostic Setting
(Ticket 11627)

Dec 11, 2020 1.3.0 ADD - Ensure VHDs are encrypted (Ticket 11609)

Nov 12, 2020 1.3.0 DELETE - Ensure that '.Net Framework' version is the
latest, if used as a part of the web app - Console location
not up to date (Ticket 11599)

Page 585
Date Version Changes for this version

Nov 12, 2020 1.3.0 UPDATE - Ensure that multi-factor authentication is

enabled for all privileged users - some instances of
userPrincipalName misspelled as userPrincipleName
(Ticket 11687)

Page 586