Title: digestion 15/01/23

1
Recall Quiz:

3
2
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5
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
1. ingestion – the taking of substances,
such as food and drink, into the body
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
2. digestion – the breakdown of food (e.g. chewing
food, contractions in the stomach and small
intestine, digestive enzymes)
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
3. absorption – the movement of nutrients from
the intestines into the blood

Blood stream
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
4. assimilation – uptake and use of nutrients by
cells

For example:
Glucose,
vitamins,
amino acids
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
5. egestion – the removal of undigested food
from the body as faeces
The human digestive system

Stages of digestion:
1. ingestion – the taking of substances, e.g. food
and drink, into the body
2. digestion – the breakdown of food
3. absorption – the movement of nutrients from
the intestines into the blood
4. assimilation – uptake and use of nutrients by
cells
5. egestion – the removal of undigested food
from the body as faeces
1. Ingestion a. uptake and use of nutrients by cells

2. digestion b. the removal of undigested food from

the body as faeces
c. the movement of nutrients from the
3. absorption intestines into the blood
d. the taking of substances, e.g. food and
4. assimilation drink, into the body

5. egestion e. the breakdown of food

Title: digestion Date: 11/01/2023
Learning objectives
To know the definition of physical
and chemical digestion
Explain the functions of the
different digestive organs
The human digestive system

Challenge:
Do you
know any of
their
functions?

Colon
Physical digestion
The breakdown of
food into smaller
pieces, without
making any
chemical changes to
the molecules in the
food.
Chemical digestion
The breakdown
of large
molecules in
food into smaller
molecules, so
that they can be
absorbed. New substance is made (e.g. glucose,
fructose and/or galactose)
Title: Digestion Date: 06/01/2023
Learning objectives
•To know the definition of physical
and chemical digestion
•To know the function of each part
of the digestive system
 Did you know… The hydrochloric acid
that is found in our stomach is strong
Keywords: Saliva, enough to melt zinc metal. There is a
hydrochloric acid, layer of mucus that protect the cells and
the cells regrow quickly which protects
peristalsis
our stomach from getting damaged.
Activity: Answer the questions on the sheet as you watch
the video.
EXT: Write down any questions you have about digestion.
Grind: crush
Lubricate: moisturize/grease
Churn: stir/ shake/ beat
 Activity: Answer the questions on the sheet as you watch the video.
1. What do the glands under the tongue do to the food?

2. The contracting muscles in the oesophagus are so

Powerful we can…

3. What is the stomach?

4. The intestines are lined with Villi they increase the…

5. Where does bile come from?

5. After how long will all the nutrients be absorbed?

6. What is the large intestines main job?

 Review
1. What do the glands under the tongue do to the food?
Break down and lubricate the food

2. The contracting muscles in the oesophagus are so

Powerful we can… eat upside down

3. What is the stomach? A bag or muscle, that churns and

squashes

4. The intestines are lined with Villi they increase the…

surface area

5. Where does bile come from? Liver

5. After how long will all the nutrients be absorbed? 1h 30mins

6. What is the large intestines main job? Extract water from the waste
Title: Digestion Date: 16/01/2023
Learning objectives
•To know the function of each part
of the digestive system
 Digestive Organ Function
Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach
Throughout this lesson you are
Liver
going to fill in this table.
Gallbladder

Pancreas

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Rectum & anus

 Digestion
The digestive system is a long tube starting at the
mouth and ending at the anus.

Mouth Stomach Small/large

intestine

The digestive system has glands which are organs

GLANDS: which produce and release substances that perform
specific function in the body.

Substances = Enzymes that Glands = Salivary glands

break down food Pancreas
 Mouth
Key Words: Saliva, teeth, amylase
The teeth grind the food into small pieces. The saliva
contains amylase enzyme which is a carbohydrase enzyme
breaking carbohydrates into glucose.
Digesti Chemicals
ve Function Produced
Organ (inc. enzymes)
Chew and Amylase
Mouth
breakdown food
 Oesophagus
Key Words: bolus, peristalsis, muscle
At the back of the mouth the food is made into a ball called
a bolus. This bolus is pushed down the oesophagus by rings
of muscles. This contraction is called peristalsis.
15/01/2023
 Digestive
Function
Organ
Carries food to stomach
Oesophagus through muscular contractions
 Stomach
Key Words: Hydrochloric acid, muscle,
churning, enzymes, pathogens
The stomach is a main organ where food is digested. Muscles churn the
food. Hydrochloric acid is produced to break down food into smaller parts +
kill pathogens.
Protease is produced to break down protein
into amino acids
 Chemicals
Produced
Digestive Physical
(including
Organ Function
enzymes)

Muscular walls Hydrochloric acid

churn food, and Protease
Stomach
breaking it down
to a useful form
 Liver
Key Words: Bile, fats,
Liver produces bile which helps to digest lipids (fats)
Gall bladder stores bile .
Bile mixes with fat droplets and
breaks them down.
 Chemicals Produced
Digestive
Function (inc. enzymes)
Organ
Produces bile that Bile (an alkaline
neutralises substance)
Liver
Hydrochloric acid and
emulsifies fats
Stores and releases -
Gallbladder
bile
Pancreas
Chemical digestion - the pancreas
produces enzymes that are
released into the small intestine
that then break down different
types of food.
Enzyme What it What it
breaks down releases
Protease Protein Amino acids

Lipase Fats (lipids) Glycerol and

fatty acids
Amylase Starch Glucose
 Chemicals Produced
Digestive
Function (including enzymes)
Organ
Produces digestive Protease
enzymes and Amylase
Pancreas
releases them into Lipase
small intestine.
 Small Intestine
Key Words: Villi, absorbing, surface area
Another main organ for digestion. It is made from
microscopic villi that help increase the surface area so more
nutrients can be absorbed more quickly.
Villi:
Tiny hair-like
projections that
line the inside of
the small
intestine.
 Digestive
Function
Organ
Produces digestive enzymes
Small
and where food is absorbed
Intestine
into blood
 Large Intestine
Key Words: Indigestible food, absorbing, water
Mainly indigestible food and water enter the large intestine.
Its job is to absorb water back into the body.
 Digestive
Function
Organ
Large Excess water is
Intestine absorbed from food
 Rectum
Key Words: anus, faeces, defecation
The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive system.
Faeces, the waste food, is stored in the rectum ready to be
releases. This process is called defecation.
 Digestive
Function
Organ
Rectum & Where faeces is stored
anus and excreted from
 Digestive Organ Function
Mouth Chew and breakdown food
Oesophagus Carries food to stomach through muscular contractions

Muscular walls churn food, breaking it down to a useful

Stomach
form
Produces bile that neutralises Hydrochloric acid and
Liver
emulsifies fats
Gallbladder Stores excess bile
Produces digestive enzymes and releases them into small
Pancreas
intestine.
Produces digestive enzymes and where food is absorbed
Small Intestine
into blood
Large Intestine Excess water is absorbed from food
Rectum & anus Where faeces is stored and excreted from
Activity: Match some of these key words to the
correct parts of the digestive system.

Mouth Stomach

Small Intestine Large Intestine

Key Words: surface area, hydrochloric acid, saliva, muscle,
amylase, water, villi, absorbing, teeth, enzymes, lubricant,
indigestible

Mouth Stomach

Small Intestine Large Intestine

Key Words: surface area, hydrochloric acid, saliva, muscle,
amylase, water, villi, absorbing, teeth, enzymes, lubricant,
indigestible

Mouth
Teeth Stomach
Saliva Hydrochloric acid
enzyme muscle
lubricant

Small Intestine Large Intestine

Villi water
Surface area absorbing
absorbing indigestible
Exam questions