Real Numbers CHAPTER SECTION I IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER 1. @HCF @, 6)x LCM@a, t)=axb (ii) HCF (a, b= TOE a, .. ___axb (iii) LCM @, b) = FCF (a,b) 2 2. HCF (a, b) = 1, where a, b are coprime positive integers. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... which are used for counting are called Natural Numbers. The system of all natural numbers is denoted by N. The first natural number is 1 and there is no last natural number. Thus | there are infinitely many natural numbers. Clearly N= {1, 2, 3, ...). If we add the number ‘0’ (zero) to the system of natural numbers, then it becomes the system of whole numbers. It is denoted by W. Thus, W = (0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. ‘The natural numbers are also called positive integors. The collection of all positive integers, zero and all negative natural numbers forms the set of integers, It is denoted by Z or 1.= -2,-1.0,1, ‘Thus, Z or 1 = (+ oly) . (zero) is Te is to be nated ie be poste number nor neat mm ‘The natural numbers . ‘Their system is denoted by Thus B= 46 =) st divisible by 2 are called odd numbers, ‘The natural numbers that are ‘Their system is denoted by 0. ‘Thus O = (1, 3, 5, . ‘A natural number ( 1) is: except 1 and itself te, a prime nat (divisors) 1 and p. Their system , ‘Thus, P = (2 3, 6, 7, 1, ° ian sae er said to be a composite number prime ior me comet ene ie umber. A composite mu is denoted by C. Thus C = (4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, . ' This to be noted that 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number (: Lhas only one divisor and that is 1) -prime if they have no common factor ‘Two natural numbers are said to be co-prime " except 1. ie., 1 is the only common factor of a pair of co-prime natural numbers For example: 4 and 9 are co-prime; 4 and 6 are not co-prime as they have ? as a common factor. ‘an integer. Zero is ible by 2 are called even numbers sible i fit has no factors aid to be a prime number i sai umber p has two and only two factors denoted by P. 2 is the only even prime natural number, It may be noted that every pair of prime natural numbers is co-prime. An ber of the form 2, where p and q are integers and q # 0 is called ® q rational number. Their system is denoted by Q. For example eq: In fact every integer of collection Z is also a rational number. Anumber which is not a rational number is f called an irrational num?” system is denoted by Q. For example: 5, JB, WB, ... are irrational numbe ee ‘The collection of forms the system of re ae all the rational numbers and all the irrational numbers ‘al numbors. It is denoted by R. A non-zero integer a is said to divide an integor b (or b is said to be divisible by a or b is said to be a multiple of a) if there existe an integer ¢ at. b=a0. ate 0 For example .24=3x8 Here 6 =24 is divisible by a=3 with e=8 Also, 6 = 24 is divisible by o=8 with e=3, A very important property associated with natural numbers is ‘The Fundam The Fundamental Theor natural numbers. rem of Arithmetic is related with the factorisation of [CBSE 2016] It states that ‘Every composite number can be factorised as a product of primes uniquely, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur, For example: 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 is a product of prime factors 50 = 2x 5 5 is a product of prime factors. Tn acc sa Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes, and this risation is unique, except for the order ofits prime factors. (CBSE 2016) Remark: Let us make it a convention ascending order, factor that we shall take the prime factors in their then we need not write “except for the order ofits prime factors” IMPORTANT POINTS/FORMULAE 1. Prime Factorisation: The process of writing a composite number as a product of primes is known as the prime factorisation It is always simpler to represent this Prime factorisation of a composite number in the form of a tree called factor tree as shown aside: Hore, 8190 = 2x 3x3x5x 7x13 “sos HCF: The HCF of two positive integers is defined as the product of the ‘smallest power of each common prime factor involved in the numbers. rt3. LOM: The LCM of two positive integers power of each prime factor, common oF ae a is defined as the product ofthe greatest not common, involved in the numbers. 4. Ifa and b are any two positive integers, then HCF (a, #) x LCM (a, b)= ax ‘We can use this result to find eith know one of them and their HCF and HOF xLCM Other numberb’ ‘Also, we can find the HCF/LCM of HGF is given to us as follows: Bee a BD One number a = LCM (a,b) = er of two positive integers, if we already LCM as shown below. HOF x LCM. Other number b= Goo numbera the two given numbers if their LCM/ axb HCF (a,b) 5. We know by definition that H.C.F. of two co-prime integers a and bis 1 and | hence their L.C.M. = a x b NCERT EXER CISE 1.1 (Pages 5-6) [Ell Express cach number as a product of its prime factors: So, Cs) W082 2 Ox Kg 1g i) 9825 So, 3825=3x3x5x5x 17 = 88x 5? 17 iv) 5008, ( 729 So, 7429= 171925, EaFina the LOM and HCF of the of integers and verify that '=product of the two numbers. @ 26and 91 (i) 510and 92 (CBSE 2016, 2017] ii) 336 and 54. [CBSE2012, 2017) ) 26 and 91 rae So, 26=2%13 Ca] IC) So, 91=7% 13 ‘To find the L.C.M, we list all prime factors of 26and 91 and their greatest exponents as follows: Prime factors Greatest of 26and 91 exponent 2 1 13 1 4, 1 2 LCM= 2x13 x7? 226 18%7 = 26x 7= 182 To find the H.C. Prime factors of 26 and 91 and th exponent the common ir Teast i d Common Least prime factor exponent 13 1 HC =13'=13 x HOF = 182 13 = 2366 26x91 LEM x HCF = Product of two numbers, (i 510ana92 a So, 510=2%3%5% 17 2 C2) ites jC) So, 92=2% 2X23 =24x 23 oa For LCM of 510 and 92 Prime foctors Greatest of 610 and 92 Exponent 2 a 5 7 23 1 LCM = 22x 8) x5 x 17! 23 24x95 x 17X23 = 60x 17x23 = 102023 = 23460For HCFofS10.and 82 Sram pine yo reas Byonent So, Da 2K 3x3 %3 =2n9 ForLOM of 336 and 54 Prime factors f3260nd 54 Greatest Exponent 4 a 1 987! ane7 92x T= W021 For HCF of 836 and 54 HOF =2!x3'=2%3=6 Verification: LCM x HOF = 3024 x 6= and (836 54= 18144 ie, LOMXHCF = Product of twonumber So, 12=2x2x3=2x3 Cs) CIC) So, 16=3x5 La BAI So, 21=3%7 LOM= 2x gtx 5t 78 SAB 5TH 125 eT = 60x7= 420 For HCF of 12, 15,21 ‘Common prime Least factors of 12,15, 21 3 HOF =3'=3 (i) 17,28. and 29 Exponent So, So, For LOM of 8, 9 and 25 Prime factors Greatest of 8 Sand 25 Exponent 2 3 3 2 5 2 LCM (6, 9, 25)= 2° 32 52 =8x9%25 =72%25 = 1800 For HCF of 8,9 and 25 HOF @,9,25)=1 (There is no common factor in prime factorisation of 8, 9 and 25) EZ Given that uCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657). sn = 2x Sol LCM (808,65) = eee ae = 306x657 HF (306, 657) = 906x657 9 =04x657= 22338, ‘Check whether 6 can end with the digit 0for any natural number n. ‘That is, the prime factorisation of 6* would contain the prime factor 5. This is not possible B= Ox HH 2x3; ‘0 the only primes in the factorisation of 6* are Zand 3 because _areno other primes in the: So, there is no natural number n for which 6* ends with the digit zero, [Bl2plain why 71119419007 | xoxsxax42%1+5 arecompositenumbers [CBSE 2014, 2016] Sol. () 7% 11% 18+ 18 =77x13+13 =c7+ px = 18x18 =@xax19%13 1s By factor tre given below e=2%3%19 =2x9x 13 Ce Since, 7% 1 as a product of primes, therefore, it is a composite number. Wi) 1X 6X5x4x3x2x145 BARKS x2d +5 = 42x 24x 545 = 1008 *5+5 = (1008+ 1) x 5 = 10095 = 5% 1009 Since, 7x6x5x 4x32 1+5¢an be expressed as a product of primes, therefore, itis a composite number. [i there isa cireutar path around 4@ sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to Go.oen Mancuso? white Ravt drive one round of the fiel takes 12 minutes for thesam both start at the same PO! same time, and go in the 6 ‘After how mar ‘ogain at thest 1g=2x3xB=2%3? C2) oo aw For LCM of 18 and 12 Prime factors Greatest of band 12 Exponent 2 2 a 2 2 LOM (18, 12) =2#x 9? = 36. ‘Therefore, both Sonia and Ravi will meet again at the starting point after 36 minutes. Remarks Why wehevetahon LCM? Sonia ‘complete her eonsceutive rounds afer 18x 1= 18, 18% 2= [36], 183 =54 minutes Raviwillcompletehis consecutive rounds tet 1x1 =12, 122 =24,12%3= [BG] minutes. “Sonia and Ravi will meet a Point after 36 minutes (Least common ating ple of d thew alu of the value of and (CBSE 2013) 222K 17=34 ya2xz=2x 34-68 = 2Ky=2%68= 136 Yes | The value of x can be found with- ‘out finding the values of Y and’ as follows: = 22K 2% 17= 136 Sol. Example 2. Complete the following factor tree and find the composite number x [CBSE2012] Sol. The complete factor tree is as follows, 2 ‘2. HOF (420,272) =28=4 i ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT ExaMpLes, Hae 7x 161= 1127 23981 = 6762 x= 6162 Example. Obtain the HCPof 480 and. 272by using fundamental theorem of arithmetic, 16] om 420= 22% 8%5%7 =x ax 6x7 DIB=2x2x2xQXIT 2217 , ForHOF of 420and272 Common prime Least factor 2Exampl Alter LoM Example of 404 0nd 96 and verify HCFXLCM = Product numbers of the two giv ‘he HCF of 65 and 117 is ‘orm 65m — 11 CM of 65 let 25x13, 723% 3x 19=3°* 13 13 (65, ID = HCF =65m—117 65m —117= 13 65m = 13+ 65m = 130 m= a2 65 =9x5x 13 =9x5x13 45x13 = 585 _ 65x17 = FOF 65,117) 65x17 1 =585 5. Find the HCF and LCM (CBSE 2012, 2018) 404= 22% 101 =22 « 101 96=2%2x2x2%2%3 =25x3 For HCF of 404 and 96 Common prime factorof Least 404 and 96 Exponent 2 2 HF (404, 96) =28=4 For LCM of 404 and 96 Primefactorsof Greatest W04and 96 Exponent 2 5 8 1 101 1 LCM (404, 96) = Bx 9x 101=32%3% 101 = 96% 101= 9696 Now, HCFxLCM = 4% 9696 = 38781.) and, product of the two given numbers = 404 x96 = 38784 @ From (1) and (2), HCF x LCM = Product of the two given numbers Example 6. Explain why (17 11 x 2417 11% 5) nber? [CBSE 2015} X24 TX ILS = 17x 11x45) = 17x17 tells a NUMBERS Since, 17 11X24 17 ‘das a product of primes 4% 5a be es, therefore, it n is 40 minutes an hour. Ifthe fist bell or Ht 9:00 am, when ing together again? each he to (Case 2015 0, 60)= 29 x35 =8%3%5=120 minutes = 2 hours the two bells will ring together 2.00= 11:00 a.m. |. ‘The HCF of two numbers |. Find the HCF and LCM |. Find the HCF and LCM of 25,65, and 117 using prime factorization. [CBSE 2723} HCF and LCM of two numbers are San 459 respectively. Ifone ofthe numbersis 27, find the other number. [CBSE 2015, 145 and their LOM is 2175. Ifone of the numbers is 725, find the other number. [CBSE 2016, Find the LCM and HCF of 6 and 20 by the prime factorisation method Find the LOM of 96 and 360 by using fundamental theorem of arithmet "BSE 2012, Find the HCF and and verify that LCM the two given numbers. {CBSE 2016] 7. Find the HCF and LCM of 610 and 92. oduct [CBSE 2013} And verify that HCF * LC! of two given numbers Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120, jing the prime factorisation method. of 40, 36 and ation method [CBSE 2017 126 using prime factoris UTA ees (Find the HCF and LCM of 60, 120 and 288, [CBSE 2013) 1 Explain why 357+ isa composite umber. (CBSE 2017) | Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12, 15, pect her, after what time will they together? (CBSE 2012) 1a takes 35 seconds to pack and label Ifthey allstart using labelling machines ‘at the same time, after how many ‘seconds will they be using the labelled ‘machines together? (ease s019 (une Fad nts 2.25 1 Conse the number whee ns ra ber Chek whether ee pee rote Mio wbich nds iin tnedigt see Or x thatthe number when se er cannot ed mh the rn anerl unern ex {CBSE 2015] ———-~=Srti iP_ ers | gare 2, 1440 1. 13,1170 420 seconds 2. 435 5. M40 7.2, 23460 Piao aunts ait IMPORTANT POINTS 1, Irrational number: A number ‘s’ is called an irral tional number if it is no, 2 rational. ie, it cannot be expressed in the form , where p and q are integers and q#0, For example: J, V8, VB, 2B, ote 2. Ap is irrational, where p is prime. For example: v2, V3, V5, 7, vil,...... are all irrationals. 3. Let p be a prime number. Let p divide a2. Then, f divides a also, where a is a positive integer. 4. Sum (or difference) of a rational number and an irrational number is an | irrational number. | 5. Product (or quotient) of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is an irrational number. EE NCERT EXERCISE 1.2 (Page 9) [El Prove that VB is irrational. Squaring both sides, , o we ge ICBSE 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020) Bea? e - ed Let us assume, to the contrary, ‘Therefore, 6 divides a2. But 6 is pri” et rational Therefore, 5 divides a also = = we can find integers a and b (# 0) (By result 3, Section 1.3 abo" . @= 5c for some integer & W5=4 where aand bare Putting this value of ain (2), covprime, ie, their HOF is 1 «|= ceed VBb=0 ‘This mean, : we that 6 divides b2, and so 5 (i Blnpaoe db havesanncaer his contradicts (1) namely onmt theta that has arisen because of that JB is rational al. our incorrect assump Hence V6 is irra Prove that ase J5 ‘strrational. (CBSE 2012, 2014) Sol. Let us assume, to the contrary that 8 +2V5 is rational ‘Thatis, we can find coprime integers a and b (#0) such that 3+ 26 = Therefore, 232245 a-% = pe a-% = 6 a3. aa Sinco a.nd b are intogers, therefore $= 3 is rational, and is rational and hence 5° — > B so V6 is rational But this contradicts the fact that VB is irrational. This contradiction has arisen because of our incorreet assumption that 3+ 2V6 is rational So, we conclude that 3 + 2V5 is irrational. [EB] Prove that the following are irrationals: (i 75 ination is So, we can find coprime integers b(eysuch that Me Mewes and etre ces 2 oh eaters Since, a and bare integers, and so ¥2 is rational this contradicts the fa t Bis So, we conclude that 1. is irrational ap VB. Letus assume tothe contrary, that 745 is rational, So, we can find coprime integers a and b (e0)such that Since, a and b are integers, © is rational, and so, J is rational. 7 eatin te But this contradicts the fact that VB is irrational. it 15 is irrational. So, we conclude (ii) 6 + V2. Let us assume to the contrary, that 6 +2 is rational So, we can find coprime integers and b (40) such that a 6 fat-6 ot oF 6+ V3. foneSince, aand bare integers, We Bet 5 nal and so, © —Gis rational and so. rational and 90,5 ADDITIONAL IMPO! Sol. Let us assume, tothe contrary, that 8 is rational So, wecan find coprime integers a and ‘b(20) such that 3 =2 whereaand bareco-primeie, uk their HCF is 1 o = fb-0 ‘Squaring on both sides, we get sbt=a? @ ‘Therefore, Sdividesct. But 3is prime fact that put this contradict Bi isirrational so, we conclude that 6+ | RANT EXAMPLES ‘Therefore, Sdivides ty a= Se for some Putting this value ofan (2), abt = 92 = Dividingby 3, b?=Set ‘This means that 3 divides b*, and so Sdividesb also (Bis prime) ‘Therefore, aandbhave.asacommon factor. But this contradicts (1) namely the fact that aand bhaveno common factor other than ‘Thiscontradietion has arisen because of ‘our incorrect assumption that /3 is rational 2 is irrational So, we conclude that ¥3 is irrational ——— eee 1. Prove that 42 is irrational. ICBSE 2012, 2014, 2017, 9018, 2023) ICBSE SQP 2023) 2 Prove that 3+V5 is an irrational number. (case 2013 & Prove that §+3 is an irrational umber. {CBSE 2012, 2016, 2014) 4. Prove that 35-8 is an irrational ‘number, (CBSE 2013, 5. Prove that 7-2V3. irrational ‘umber (case 2019 6 eae NB +8 is an irrational ate ase | FERaeeeeeee TESTYOURIKNOWLEDGE| Prove that J§ +2 is an irrational number. [CBSE 2012, 2016) Show that 548 is irrational (CBSE 2012, 2017) Show that 9/2 is irrational, [CBSE 2012, 2016) no 10 Prvethat a = tional number. 3 Provethat 37 isan irrational number Provethat 3-246 isireational number Swen that Vé is an irrational number. ——_ cases RO aaron SECTION u| EXAM CORNER (From Latest CBSE Examination Papers, CBSE Sample Question Papers AMU A. INTRODUCTION For some integer m, every even integer of the form (2m (NCERT Exemplar] B. THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM oF ARITHMETIC. 1. If the LCM of 12 and 42 is 10 m + 4, then the value of mt is: hs le of HC ofp’ and'q’? 4. Let a and b be two positive integers such that a = pq! and b = p'q°, where Pand q are prime numbers. If HCF(a, and LCM(a, 6) = p’q’, then 35 Uh : {CBSE SQP 2022} 5. In = 28 x atx 6% 7; then the number of consecutive zeros NCERT Exemplar) wr 2 ws 6. The sum of exponents of prime factors 1m the prime-factoris 4 [CBSE 2020, If two positive integers a and b are written as a= xy? and b = 3, where + yare prime numbers, then the result obtained by dividing the product of the ive integers by the LCM (a,b) is [CBSE 2021) 9. Two positive numbers have their HCF as 12 and their product as 6336. The number of pairs possible for the numbers, is [CBSE 2021 11, The number 385can be expressed asthe product of prime factors as (8x73= ck ofthe least numbers ‘The rainof eM and HEF a : ‘composite and the least prim [case sar 32!) REVISITING IRRATIONAL NUMBERS ‘an irrational number () irrational number [CBSE] TT —_— (CBSE) (@ anirrational 32 5 & Itp?= Fp. then p is alan whole number rational number (@ irrational number teger [CBSE 2023] Hints/Solutions A Introduction co BL The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic L.(by 12 =2%2%3= 983 42 =243%7 LOM (12, 42)= 28 «3x 7= 84 = Wm+4=84 |e nis even any iny odd natural number y+ eDM=0 Dx atx 57 BB x 5tx BET SOx Bx 5x BEXT = x5) x 5x 3x7 =5x 34% 7x (10)? =. Number of consecutive zeros in 1 is Sbecause of 10°, 196= 2x7? Sum of exponents = 2+2 =4 9. 12, @) Wrtional Numbers, (a) ris an irrational number and 7 38 * rational number. 22 2(d) x-= isan irrational num! difference of an irrational @ rational number is a Dumber, REAL Nowe ‘Tako two irrational numbors JG and ~ 8. ‘Their product = (W3)x(/3)= —3, which isa rational num ‘Take two irrational numbers vB ond 5 ‘Their product =(V2)x(J3) = jg TION - RE. Which is an irrational nus 2p’ isa rational number, -ASON QUESTIONS, Markeach) 2. Assertion (A): 13/9125isa terminating decimal fraction. Reason (Ry: Ifq=2". 5" wherenandm are non-negative integers, then pig isa terminating decimal fraction. and Reason (R) are R) is the correct (0 Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is 3. Assertion (A): The H.CF. of two numbers is 16 and their product is 3072. Then their LCM. = 162, Iaandb are twopositive integers, then H.CF. LCM.=axb. 4. Assertion (A): 2 is an example of a Reason (R}: i si rational number. (@) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) Reason (R): The square roots of all is correct. positive integers are 1. Assertion (A): The m rrational numbers. end w 5. Assertion (Ay: AnumberN when divided where by 15 gives the remainder numbe 2 Then the remainder is Reason (R): Prime factorisation of 5 same when N is divided has only two factors bys. Lands. feason (R): § is an irrational jense sos | Besson: Sis ANSWERS 1 © 2@ a +0 6)The . VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (@Marks each) |. If p, qare two co-prime numbers, then write HOF (p,q). How many prime factors are there in rime factorization of 5005? Find the value of x in the factor tree given below: i. Find the product of the HCF and LCM of the smallest prime number and ‘smallest composite number. Find the HCF x LCM for the numbers 50.and 20. 6. If two positive integers @ and & ary written as a=27y? and b = ay%; x, y ary prime numbers then find HCF (a, 5), Given that LCM (91, 26) = 182, then fing HCF (91, 26). the HCF of 85 and 153 is expressib} in the form 85n ~ 158, then find the value of n. 9. Prove that 4" can never end with digit 0. wheremisanatural number. (CBSE 2023, 10. Find the least number which when ‘ided by 12, 16 and 24 leave. remainder 7 in each case. (CBSE 20: 11. Show that 6" can not end with digi for any natural number'n’. (CBSE 202; 12. Find the LCM and HCF of 72. and 1 (CBSE 20: Solutions 5005 =5% 7x 1113 «Number of prime factors = 4 Hence, there are prime factors in the Prime factorization of 5005, Remark: Please note that 1 or composite, fiven factor tree whe rensie when completed isneither prime 2] (3) *= 150. that smallest prime numb? 4nd smallest composite number = 4 =! + Product of HCF and LOM = Product of the two numbers =2x4=8, 1 We know a 6 G 7. Given, LCM (91, 26)= 182 » HCE LCM = 60% 20~= 1099 Given: bey? where sand y are prime numbers Common prime factors y 2 HOF (a, b)=x32 = ay? Last 9126 HCP 01, 20)= 91x26 26 _ “12 278 Hence, the required HCP is 13. 85=5x17 158=3x3%17 Common prime Least factor Exponent = = Ge 8 = x2)" =2% here'n’ isa natural umber S 4" does not have § as factor, * will ‘ot end in zero, Required number=LCM of 12, 16,24) +7 LOM =2'% 3-49, Required number = 48 +7=55 OF = (2% 3" = 2% 3°, where ‘n’ isa natural number A867 does not have 5’ as factor, 6 will not end in zero, 12, Here, 2 (72, 120 2 [36 18, 8/8 2. 3 LCM =2%2«2%3%35=960 Product of ero numbers ke _ 20 ~ 360 a =u Hass ix5 = 108 = x=103+5=1 aaeaxgngxda2nd 15=9%5 ag=2x2x3x9= 2x3 For LCM of 24, 15 and 36 Primefaciors Greatest of 84 15, and 36 Esponent LCM @4, 15, =8x9x5=72%5 =360 Now, greatest number of 6 digits : = 990699 Let us divide 999899by the above LCM 360 an 09008, 720 199 20 7199 2520 2180 2500 779 “The required greatest number Ayres amber of =999 9-279=999720, NT=8%3x 13232 13 “Required largest number = 13 22% 193%3 223x193 11x75 x3+ Bean be expressed oduct of primes, therefore iti ce number. Since asap composi ne BxaxT x7x (3X5) x 39% 58 2 21x BEX BEX 587 2 DXB GEXT 298 x3! x5° BX 5YK 5X39 XT 2 x 5) «52x 3° xT 10, HOF x LCM ‘One number 27x162 _ xe 12. Other number = 81 ‘That is, the prime factorisation of 11° the prime 5, Mrs @x Tyr BHT The only prime factors in the prime factorization of 14" are 2 and 7, By uniqueness of Fundam of Arithmetic, there ix nea factorization of ‘There is no 14" onds wi 4 Hence, the maximum er is 20 5. HOP x LCM = Product ofthe numbers 5 (850 x1) = 350 350 350550 ke = 3xa50 | natural then it of 6 Fundamental ‘Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that there are is no natural number 1 for he digit 5, 2x 5x 9% 13= 1170 = 2x53 13 = 300 E. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS. baskets Asweet shopkeeper prepares 396 gulab jamuns and 342 rasgullas. He packs them in containers. Each container yer gulab jamuns or rasgullas but have equal number of pieces. Find the number of pieces he should put in each box s0 boxes are the least. (CBSE 2011, 2016) In asports meet, the number of players ind A in each room the same players are to be seated and all of them being in the same sports? Which is depicted here in sharing of rooms? (CBSE 2017) morning walk in which David ‘minutes to complete one round of the i takes 24 minutes while Gopal ‘minutes for the same. Suppose all the three students start their walk from the same point, at the same time ‘and in the same direction also, () After how many minutes will they ‘meet again at the starting point? i) What is the advantage of morning walkinthepark? (CBSE 2010, ‘Atrader with a basket of eggs finds that there is trader no eggs Ifthe capacity ofthe basket is 100 eg, hhow many eggs arein the basket? Explain reasoning. (CBSE 2014, 2016) ee1. 990=2%9%3*5%11 =2x5'x5x11 945 =9x3x9x5% 2. HCF (990,945) =9*5'= 9°" Hence, the required number of fruits is 45, qes}K5x7 5245 2. The number of pices he should Putin cach box umber of boxes are the lea the HCF of 396 and 942. 96 = 2x2 9x9%11=22x9x11 M2=2%9x9x19=2* 9x19 1. HCF (896, $42) =2x3*=2%9= 18 ‘Therefore, number of pieces he should put in each boris 18. Fy 48 =2x2x2x2%3=2x3 60=2x2x9x5=2%9%5 132= 2x2%3x11=2!x8x11 2 HOF (48,00, 182)=2x3'=4x3=12 Minimum numberof rooms required =4+5+11=20 ‘The value depicted here in sharing of rooms is the adjustment and ‘compromise with one another so that they may be seated in the minimum ‘number of rooms such that the players of the same sport may be allotted the same room, 4 18=2%3x3=2%32 2 =2x2x2x3=2x9 ee yxgxB= 22 32 LOM (18, 24,90) = 2% 9 =8x9=72 productive manner. “atmosphere we find ourselves toGod andour thoughts are pwn ‘5 Let there be n eggs in the bask “Avcording ta the question, 1 (< 100) and nis divisible by 7 ( Noeggis lft in the bask the trader sells 7 eggs at « n=7,14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98 = n=1=6,13, 20,27, 34, 41, 4 62, 69, 76, 83, 90,97. ‘Again, according to the question n=1is divisible by 3 and n-1isdivisible by 4 = 1 lisdivisible by 3 and 4 both = (i-I)isdivisible by their LCM =8x4=12, |:- HOF.) @ @ 24 id v=. @ 2 @ 42 on (id) HCF (a,b) x LCM @) 1728 ©) 864 - = F. CASE BASED Qu students is a ) prime numberEXERCISES A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, (1Markeach) 1. For some integer g, every odd integer of the form 2 What is the LOM of 4 and 19? 4 the HCP of two numbers is the two numbers are called. (CBSE) 5. MeHOFefwonumien’y ado? and their LCM is 200. Then the product 195 (CRsE 6. If two positive numbers a a written as a = xly?, h = se ae ime numbers, then the ‘The prime factors of 9 p2x7 )2x 7 8. Thevalues of x andy in theg; are: e 10. 7x 11% 13+ 18 is (@aprime number yt <¥ [chsK, —_ {___@eivisiobys. cE B. ASSERTION - REASON QUESTIONS (Mark eae — 2) Each of these sertion followed by Both Assertion (A) and Ré Beit ind Reason (R) are et and Reason (R) is the correct. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) correet, but Reason (R) is not the corres explanation of the Assertion (A). Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (B)* @ is incorrect, but Reason explanation of the Assertion (A), number 1176, . Prove that 2+ 3¥5 is an irrat number. . Prove that 5-2 is an irratior number, C. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS. (Marks each) the smallest prime (CBSE 2014, 2016) (CBSE 2016, Prove that (V3 + v5)? is an irrational number. 3. Prove that 6+ V3 number. number, wit Prove that 7 (CBSE 2010 . Prove that (46-697) i an ierational (CBSE 2017) (CBSE 2017) and their LCM is 200, Find th ab, D. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (@Marks each) 9, Prove that 7+2N3 is an irrational number. (CBSE 2016) 10, Show that 3+7y2 is an irrational number (CBSE 2016) ‘Show that the numbers 281 and 396 are not co-prime. (CBSE 2016) 3x 2+3.acomposite number? asi your answer sus (CBSE 2016, 2017) 13, Find whether 5x7 prime number or a comp: (CBSE 2014, 2016) slain why 3x67 Tisacomposite Me (NCERT Exemplar f 612 and 1314 using primefactorisation. (CBSE 2019) 16, Given that VG is irrational, prove that 5 + 248 js irrational. (CBSE SQP 2022) 1. [__ 5+ 248 is irrational (CASE SQ? 20°,E. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 Marks each) Sou, | ve . voprime | 3 I8 it possible for the HOF 1 Neen LCM of two prime ea numbers te be sn Mor Three alarm clocks ring at intervals of respectively? Justify your ange 8 6, 9 and 15 minutes respectively. Ifthey (CBSe start ringing together, after what time. 4, State Fundamental Theor will they next ring together? ‘Arithmetic, (CBSE 2014, 2016) Isitpossible that HCP and Ley, 2. Given that HCF (150, 300) = 160, find numbers be 24 and 540 respect, the LCM (150, 300). (CBSE 2016) Sustify your answer. (CBSE 294 jy, | F. CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4Marks each) 1. A seminar is being conducted by an | (ii) What is the minimum number of rooms Educational Organisation, where the required during the event? Participants will be educators of different (all ()31— @4L al subjects. The number of participants in (iii) The LCM of 60, 84 and 108 is Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60, (a) 3780 (b) 3680 84and 108 respectively, (c) 4780 (d) 4680 @ (In each room the same number of c participants are to be seated and all of OR | them being in the same subject, hence | (iii) The product of HCF and LCM of 6081 maximum number participants that can and 108 is accommodated in each room are (@ 55360 (b) 35360, M4 OR ©b6 Ww 18) (©) 45500 (a) 45360 Q ANSWERS A. Multiple Choice Questions D. Short Answer Type Questions 1@ 2@ %2@ 4@ 1 2x52 2, xix 50 60 7216 8 ® 12, Yes 13, a composite #0 10. ® number B. Assertion - Reason Questions 15, 18 1 @ 2 © E. Long Answer Type Questions C. Very Short Answer Type Questions 1. Lab; 90 minutes 1.2 om 2. 300 3. yes as HCF is a factor of a Pi 3 2+ 2B 4 50 4. No as HCF must be a factor o 55 F. Case Based Questions re) i 6.1000 L @ b Gd Gina ORS