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Chapter1b Array

The document provides an overview of arrays, including their definition, declaration, creation, initialization, and usage in programming. It differentiates between arrays and lists, discusses common operations like searching, sorting, and copying, and explains how to manipulate array elements using loops. Additionally, it covers the syntax for accessing and updating array elements, along with examples of practical applications such as sales data management.

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derilas147
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13 views

Chapter1b Array

The document provides an overview of arrays, including their definition, declaration, creation, initialization, and usage in programming. It differentiates between arrays and lists, discusses common operations like searching, sorting, and copying, and explains how to manipulate array elements using loops. Additionally, it covers the syntax for accessing and updating array elements, along with examples of practical applications such as sales data management.

Uploaded by

derilas147
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Array

❖ Introducing Arrays
❖ Declaring Array Variables, Creating Arrays,
❖ and Initializing Arrays
❖ Passing Arrays to Methods
❖ Search and Sorting Methods
❖ Copying Arrays
❖ Multidimensional Arrays
Introducing Arrays
• data structure that represents a collection of the
same types of data or homogeneous elements.
• Structures that related to data items
• It can contain one type of data either:
• Integer
• Floating point
• Numbers
• Characters
Differentiating arrays and lists.
An array is an indexed set of variables and it
store an item.

A list is a set of items.

dancer 1, dancer 2, dancer


3, ……

dancer[1], dancer[2], dancer


[3],……
Differentiating arrays and lists.
Difference between arrays and lists during
delete operation
Differentiating arrays and lists.
In a lists, the missing item is filled with the
next items and it filled when the places is
deleted/ empty.
Differentiating arrays and lists.
In an array, it left blank when the
item/variable is deleted
Declaring Array Variables
• datatype[] arrayname;
Example:
double[] myList;

• datatype arrayname[];
Example:
double myList[];
Creating Arrays
arrayName = new datatype[arraySize];

Example:
myList = new int[10];

myList[0] references the first element in the array.


myList[9] references the last element in the array.
Writing and Reading an array through
Loop
• Reading an array
for (i=0; i<=9; i++)
scanf(“%d”,&myList[]);
• Writing an array
for (i=0; i<=9; i++)
printf(“%d”,myList[]);
Writing and Reading an array through
Loop
• reading or writing two-dimensional array it would
require two loops. And similarly the array of a N
dimension would required N loops.
• common operation performed on array are:
✓Creation of an array
✓Traversing an array
✓Insertion of new element
✓Deletion of required element
✓Modification of an element
✓Merging of arrays
Array Initialization
 Arrays may be initialized, but we need to give a list of values
 Syntax:
Type Name[Size] =
{ value0, value1, value2, …, valueSize-1 };
value0 initializes Name[0], value1 initializes Name[1], etc.
values must be of appropriate type (though automatic casting will
occur)
Array Initialization
Example:
int numDays[12] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31,
30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
/* Jan is 0, Feb is 1, etc. */
int numDays[13] = { 0, 31, 28, 31, 30,
31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };
/* Jan is 1, Feb is 2, */
Note:
if too few values provided, remaining array members not initialized
if too many values provided, a syntax error or warning may occur (extra values
ignored)
Declaring, creating, initializing Using
the Shorthand Notation

double[] myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};


This shorthand notation is equivalent to the following
statements:
double[] myList = new double[4];
myList[0] = 1.9;
myList[1] = 2.9;
myList[2] = 3.4;
myList[3] = 3.5;
CAUTION
Using the shorthand notation, you have to
declare, create, and initialize the array all in
one statement. Splitting it would cause a
syntax error. For example, the following is
wrong:
double[] myList;

myList = {1.9, 2.9, 3.4, 3.5};


Accessing Array Elements
• Requires
• array name,
• subscript labeling individual element
• Accessed using an integer index
• Start with 0 until the size of array is -1
• Syntax: name[subscript]
• Example
myList[3] refers to the sales totals for employee 3
myList[3] can be treated like any float variable:
• myList[3] = 3.5;
printf(“My List is : $%7.2f\n”, myList[3]);
Sales Data
Example of Sales Data:
Employee # Sale
---------- ----
3 9.99
7 16.29
9 7.99
3 2.59
.
.
.
7 49.00
Idea: declare Sales as array, update array items
Updating Sales Data
while
(fscanf(sdata,”%d%f”,&numE,&amtS) ==
2) {
switch (numE) {
case 0: sales[0] += amtS; break;
case 1: sales[1] += amtS; break;
case 2: sales[2] += amtS; break;
/* cases 3-8 */
case 9: sales[9] += amtS; break;
}
}
Updating with Arrays
while (fscanf(sdata,”%d%f”,&numE,&amtS) == 2)
{
sales[numE] += amtS;
}
When referencing array element can use any expression producing
integer as subscript
[ ] is an operator, evaluates subscript expression then the appropriate
location from the array is found

Note, when we have an integer expression, we may want to check


subscript before using:
if ((numE >= 0) && (numE <= 9))
sales[numE] += amtS;
else
/* Problem employee # */
Using Array Elements
Array elements can be used like any variable
read into:
printf(“Sales for employee 3: “);
scanf(“%f”,&(sales[3]));
printed:
printf(“Sales for employee 3
$%7.2f\n”,sales[3]);
used in other expressions:
total = sales[0] + sales[1] + sales[2] +
…;
Arrays and Loops

• Problem: initialize Sales with zeros


sales[0] = 0.0;
sales[1] = 0.0;
…
sales[9] = 0.0;
• Should be done with a loop:
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
sales[i] = 0.0;
Processing All Elements of
Array
• Process all elements of array A using for:
/* Setup steps */
for (i = 0; i < arraySize; i++)
process A[I]
/* Clean up steps */
• Notes
i initialized to 0
Terminate when i reaches arraySize
Exercise Tracing the Output
Exercise Tracing the Output
Thank You

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