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The document discusses the concept of human rights, emphasizing their universality and legal protection across various nations, including India, which adheres to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It outlines the classification of human rights into civil and political rights as well as social rights, detailing specific rights such as the right to life, freedom of thought, and freedom from torture. The document concludes by highlighting the importance of protecting these rights and the need for individuals and organizations to advocate against violations.

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Puja Kashyap
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2 views

44

The document discusses the concept of human rights, emphasizing their universality and legal protection across various nations, including India, which adheres to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It outlines the classification of human rights into civil and political rights as well as social rights, detailing specific rights such as the right to life, freedom of thought, and freedom from torture. The document concludes by highlighting the importance of protecting these rights and the need for individuals and organizations to advocate against violations.

Uploaded by

Puja Kashyap
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUOTES

"The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are
threatened."

"A right delayed is a right denied." - Martin Luther King, Jr.

"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity."
- Nelson Mandela

"Knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave."

INTRODUCTION-1
Human rights are a group of all rights that each person is given regardless of its
gender, race, creed, religion, nation, place or economic condition. They are also
called moral principles which explain some standards of human behavior. These
rights, protected by law, apply everywhere and at all times. These are protected
from municipal to international law as legal authority. Human rights are universal
so it applies everywhere and all the time.

INTRODUCTION-2
Human right, a basic right, is for all. It is universal and inalienable. These rights
are not conferred by the law, but by virtue of humanity, it is inherited in every
human. Human right is not a new concept it can be audited form the Vedas,
Manusmriti, Arthashastra, and some other scriptures which discourse human
rights. In various written documents such as Magna Carta (1215), French
Declaration of Rights of Man and of Citizens (1789), US Bills of Rights (1791)
asserted various individual rights.

INTRODUCTION-3
In the 20th century, the United Nations came into existence in 1945, after the
Second World War. After 3 years in 1948, UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human
Rights) was presented to the world with 30 articles which awarded the first
recognition to the human rights universally. Now various international
conventions, treaties, covenants, and domestic laws also emphasize on keeping
human rights out of jeopardy.

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India and Human Rights
India a largest democratic country is also a signatory of the UDHR. UDHR
safeguard civil, economic, cultural, political and social rights. Indian constitution
shield human rights from peril in the form of guaranteed fundamental rights.
Same as human rights theses are inherited by birth. These rights can not be
amended as it is the part of the basic structure of our constitution [i]. Part III and
IV of the constitution put an obligation on the state to protect Human Rights
though part III is enforceable but not part IV. The preamble of the Constitution
also talks about the protection of the dignity of an individual. Constitution directs
the state to make endeavours for Human Rights protection.

Under article 32 people can approach the SC (Supreme Court) in order to avail
the rights guaranteed under part III and article 13 empower the SC to declare
any law void if it encroaches upon the part III, all this makes the Supreme Court
guardian of these rights. Article 32 (3) provides that legislature by law can
empower any other court to protect these rights. In compliance of this
parliament has ordained the Protection of the Human Rights Act, 1993 this act
provides "human rights" means the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and
dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the
International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India [ii]. The Act also
directs to establish the NHRC (National Human Rights Commission), SHRC (State
Human Rights Commission), and HRC (Human Rights Courts).

Classification of human rights


International human rights have been broadly classified: civil and political rights
and social rights including economic and cultural rights.

Civil and political rights


This right restricts the power of the government in relation to the actions
affecting the individual's autonomy. It gives people the opportunity to contribute
to government involvement and the determination of laws.

Social rights
These rights directs the government to act in a positive and interventionist way
so that the necessary needs for human life and development can be met. The
government of each country hopes to ensure the well being of all its citizens.
Everyone has the right to social security.

Basic human rights


Here is a detailed description of the basic human rights of each person

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Right to life
Every person has the right to life. This right is protected by law. Everyone has the
right to not be killed by another person. This right is subject to issues of self-
defense, death sentence, miscarriage, war and euthanasia. According to human
rights activists, death penalty violates the right to life.

Freedom of thought, conscience and religion


Each person has the freedom of thought and discretion. He can think
independently and honestly follow any kind of religion. A person has the freedom
to choose and change his religion at any time.

Freedom of movement
This means that citizens of a country have the right to travel, stay, work or study
in any part of that state. However it should be within the purview of others' rights.

Freedom from atrocities


Torture is prohibited under international law from the middle of the 20th century.
the report of organizations monitoring human rights violations says that police
and other security forces have violated it on a large scale for interrogation and
punishment.

Right to fair trial


Everyone has the right to a fair hearing by a competent and fair court. This right
also includes the right to include hearing, public hearing, rights of attorney and
right to interpretation within a reasonable time. This right has been defined in
various regional and international human rights instruments.

Freedom from slavery


According to this rights no one will be treated like slaves. The business of slavery
and slavery has been banned in all forms. Although there is a restriction on the
trade of slavery, it still continues in many parts of the world. Many social groups
are working to stop this issue.

Freedom of speech
Everyone has the right to speak freely and express their opinions. It is also known
as the freedom of expression, although this right has not been given in any
country in full. It is usually subject to certain limitations such as obscenity,
defamation and violence, etc. to stimulate the crime.

Conclusion-1
Human rights are the basic rights given to individuals, which are almost identical
everywhere. Each country offers these rights by ignoring an individual's caste,

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creed, color, gender, culture and economic or social status. However, sometimes
they are infringed by individuals, groups or self-state. Therefore, people need to
raise their voices against any violation of human rights.

Conclusion-2
Human rights are the basic rights given to every person. To be universal, these
rights are protected by law, however, unfortunately many times it is violated by
states, individuals or groups. Disadvantage of a person with these basic rights is
inhumane. This is the reason that many organizations have been set up to protect
these rights.

✓ Chauffeur

✓ Tantrum

✓ Alimony

✓ Bigamy

✓ Spinster

✓ Abattoir

✓ Cloak room

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