milk teeth are called permament

wDigestive System teeth.

 The milk teeth are twenty in
number while the permament are
thirty two in number.
Synopsis:  The part of the teeth which can
be seen is called crown while the
 The food we consume fall into part which is fixed in the jaw is
seven different catagories. called root.
1. carbohydrates  The tooth is made up of:
2. fats 1. enamel
3. proteins 2. dentin
4. minerals 3. pulp
5. vitamins  The hardest substance of the
6. water body is called Enamel.
7. roughage  The yellow, stick substance found
 The process of nutrition is on the teeth due to poor oral
conducted in five steps hygeine is called plaque. It
1. ingestion consists of sugar and bacteria.
2. digestion  Mineralised or hard plaque is
3. absorption called tartar.
4. assimilation  The functions of tongue are:
5. egestion 1. manipulates food while
 When some part of food is chewing
chewed, the tongue makes it a 2. helps in tasting the food
spherical mass called Bolus. 3. mixes food with saliva
 Peristalsis is a wave of 4. cleans the teeth.
constriction in the circular 5. helps in speaking.
muscles in the wall of the gut to  The enzyme contained in saliva is
push the food further into the called amylase which digests
food canal. starch into glucose.
 The food canal is also called  The food pipe is the oesophagus.
alimentary canal which starts No digestion takes here
from the mouth and ends at the
anus.
 The digestive glands include
1. Salivary glands
2. Liver
3. Pancreas
 The teeth which are similar in
size and shape are called
homodont teeth.
They are usually found in fishes,
frogs, reptiles etc.
 The last molar on each side in
each j aw is called wisdom tooth
which appears at the age of 17-  The organ which serves for both
20 years. digestion and absorption of the
 The human teeth develop in two food is small intestine.
sets; the first set is called milk  The small intestine is 7
teeth or temporary teeth while metres long while the large
the second set which replaces the intestine is 1.5 metres long.
  No enzyme is secreted by the (vi) Bile juice ¡s produced by :
large intestine. (a) Stomach
 Glucose, amino acids, vitamins (b) Liver
and minerals are transported to (e) Pancreas
the liver. (d) Gall bladder
 Amino acids are used in the
production of proteins for growth 1. Write True or False in the
and repair of tissues. following statements.

Review Questions 1. Molars help in cutting and tearing

food.
Multiple Choice Questions : False
Correct — Molars help in finer
1. Put a tick (✓) against the most crushing and grinding.
appropriate alternative in the 2. Carbohydrates are digested into
following statements. glucose.
True
(1) The teeth which help in tearing 3. Proteins are digested into fatty
the food are the: acids.
(a) Incisors False
(b) Canines Correct — Proteins is digested
(c) Premolars into amino acids.
(d) Molars
2. Fill in the blanks.
(ii) Last molar tooth in human
beings is called: 1. The teeth called are a total of
(a) Adult tooth four in number on the sides of
(b) Wisdom tooth incisors.
(c) Child tooth 2. The teeth called canines are a
(d) Elders tooth total of four in number on the
sides of incisors.
(iii) The hardest substance in your 3. Pharynx is a common opening of
body? food pipe and wind pipe.
(a) Dentine 4. Molars are meant
(b) Bone for crushing the food.
(c) Cement 5. Incisors are used
(d) Enamel for biting and cutting the food.
6. The canines are used for tearing
(iv) Saliva converts starch into: the food.
(a) Glucose 7. The premolars and molars are
(b) Sucrose used for crushing and grinding
(c) Maltose the food.
(d) Lactose 8. In an adult human, there are a
total of 32 teeth.
(v) Proteins of the milk are 9. The human teeth appear in two
converted into curd by the sets, the first set is
enzyme: called primary which consists of
(a) Trypsin only twenty teeth.
(b) Rennin
(c) Pepsin 3. Name the following :
(d) Steapsin
1. End product of starch after
digestion — glucose.
 2. The organ where protein (iv) True (V) Saliva changes starch into
digestion-begins — stomach. maltose.
3. The organ into which the
pancreatic juice and the bile juice 6.Fill in the blanks in the table (1-
are poured — small intestine. 5) by selecting the suitable names
4. The enzyme which digests fat of substances from the list given
— lipases. below:
5. The simplest form of (steapsin, peptones, fatty acids,
carbohydrates — glucose. ‘ proteoses, protein).
6. The part of alimentary canal
where water from undigested
food is absorbed — large
intestine. Answer :
7. The end-product of proteins after
digestion — amino acids.

4. Identify and name the four type of

teeth shown below and give their
functions.
Question 7.
Answer :
(i) Name the juice secreted by the
liver.
Ans. Bile
(ii) Name the organ where this juice is
temporarily stored.
Ans. Gallbladder
(iii) What is the main function of this
juice ?
A — incisor
Ans. The main function of bile is
Function -Its major function is biting
digestion of fats.
and cutting of food.
B — canine
Question 8.
Function — Its major function is tearing
Name the three enzymes found in
of the food.
pancreatic juice.
C — pre-molar
(i)….. (ii)….. (iii) ……
Function — Used for crushing and
Answer :
grinding of food.
(i) Starch digesting — amylase
D — molar
(ii) Protein digesting — trypsin
Function — Used for crushing and
(iii) Fat – digesting — lipases
grinding of food.
Question 9.
5. State whether the following
Name the three regions of the large
statements are True or False.
intestine.
Answer :
(i) Wisdom tooth appears at the age of
5-6 years when the child starts going 1. Caecum
to school. 2. Colon
(ii) The temporary set of teeth includes 3. Rectum
incisors, canines and premolars only.
(iii) The ducts from the salivary glands Question 10.
open into the duodenum. Given alongside is the diagram of the
(iv) Saliva changes starch into maltose. human alimentary canal.
Answer : (i) Name the parts 1-11 indicated by
guidelines. beings can be classified into the
1. … 2. … 3. … 4. … 5. … 6. … following types:
7. … 8. … 9. … 10. … 11 ….
(ii) State the function of the juice 1. Holozoites
secreted by the part 1. 2. Parasites
(iii) State the function of the three 3. Saprophytes
enzymes found in the juice secreted by 4. Symbionts
part 3.
Holozoits can be further classified
into

1. herbivores
2. carnivores
3. ommivores

Question 2.
What is the role of the liver and the
pancreas respectively in the digestion
of food ?
Answer :

1. Liver: It produces a green yellow

fluid called the bile which
emulsify fats making it easy to be
digested. The bile also contains
Answer : sodium bicarbonate which
(i) 1 Stomach neutralises the acid of food
2—Bile duct coming from the stomach and
3 — Pancreas makes it alkaline.
4 — Large intestine 2. Pancreas: It produces the
5 — Small intestine digestive juice called the
6 — Rectum pancreatic juice which acts on
7—Appendix carbohydrates, proteins and fats
8 — Pancreatic duct and convert them into simpler
9— Gall Bladder units called glucose, amino acids
10—Liver and fatty acdis respectively.
11—Anus
(ii) The gastric juice being acidic kills Question 3.
the germs and activates pepsin. Name the digestive juice secreted by
(iii) the stomach and give its function.
Answer :
1. amylase — digests starch The digestive juice secreted by the
2. trypsin — digests protein stomach is the gastric juice.
3. lipase — digests fat The gastric juice contains

Long Answer Questions 1. — water

Question 1. 2. — hydrochloric acid
Define the term nutrition. 3. — enzyme
Answer :
The process by which living beings Which have the following roles :
receive the food and utilise it to grow
and become healthy is called nutrition. 1. Hydrochloric acid serves to kill
On the basis of nutrition, living the germs and activates pepsin.
 Pepsin converts proteins into Answer :
peptones and proteoses. Egestion — The process of removal of
2. Enzyme rennin converts the milk the undigested food from the body is
caesin into curd. defined as egestion.
Digestion — The process of breaking
Answer the following questions: the food into smaller and simpler
Question 4(i). substances so that they can be easily
(i) Name the types of teeth seen in used by the body is called digestion.
humans. Assimilation — The process of using
Answer : the digested food by the body is called
Human teeth are of four kinds: assimilation.

1. Incisors are the four front teeth Question 6.

at the middle of each jaw. They Rewrite the following parts of the
are chisel-shaped for biting and human alimentary canal in their
cutting. correct sequence
2. Canines are one on either side of Stomach, Oesophagus, Large
the incisors in each jaw. They are instestine, Small intestine, Pharynx.
pointed for tearing the food. Answer :
3. Premolars are two on each side Pharynx — Oesophagus → Stomach →
of canines in each jaw. They help Small-
in crushing and grinding the food. intestine → Large intestine.
4. Molars are the last three teeth
on each side in each jaw. They Question 7.
have broad uneven surface for What is the fate of excess glucose in
finer crushing and grinding of our body ?
ingested food. Answer :
The excess glucose is converted by the
Question 4 (ii). liver into insoluble glycogen and stores
How is the small intestine best suited it, whenever required. Liver can
for the digestion and absorption of reconvert the glycogen into glucose.
food ?
Answer : Question 8.
The small intestine’s inner lining Define the term ‘digestion’.
contain a large number of tiny finger- Answer :
like projections called villi. The villi The process of converting the complex
greatly increases the inner surface food substances into simpler and
area for the absorption of digested smaller units so that they can be easily
food. utilised by the body is defined as
digestion.
Question 4(iii). e.g. proteins are converted to amino
What do you mean by absorption of acids.
food ?
Answer : Question 9.
The absorption of food means to pass State the four ways in which saliva is
the digested food products into the useful to us.
blood system and lymph vessels to be Answer :
used further by body for various life The four ways in which saliva is
functions. useful to us are:

Question 5. 1. Moistens and lubricates the oral

Define the following terms cavity and the tongue to make
Egestion, digestion, assimilation. speaking and swallowing easy.
 2. Acts as a solvent, dissolving
some part of food to stimulate
taste
3. Cleans the mouth and destroys
germs
4. Initiates digestion by converting
starch into simpler form, maltose.

Question 10.
Food are classified into three groups on
the basis of the function they perform
in our body. Name the three
categories, and briefly give their
functions. Also give their two sources
each.
Answer :
Function

1. energy giving food

2. bodybuilding food
3. regulatory and protective foods

Nutrient

1. carbohydrates and fats

2. proteins
3. vitamins and minerals

Food

1. cereals, fats, sugar

2. pulses, milk, meat chicken
3. fruits and vegetables