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ap govt chapter 14-18 notes

The document covers various aspects of campaigns, elections, and voting, including types of ballots, election types, and factors influencing voter participation. It also discusses political parties, interest groups, and the role of media in politics, highlighting their functions and potential downsides. Additionally, it addresses the impact of technology on political campaigns and the associated risks.

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Cooper Wood
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8 views

ap govt chapter 14-18 notes

The document covers various aspects of campaigns, elections, and voting, including types of ballots, election types, and factors influencing voter participation. It also discusses political parties, interest groups, and the role of media in politics, highlighting their functions and potential downsides. Additionally, it addresses the impact of technology on political campaigns and the associated risks.

Uploaded by

Cooper Wood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 14: Campaigns, Elections, and Voting

●​ Types of Ballots
○​ Party-column ballot: organizes the candidates by
political party
■​ Party line voting: to vote for every candidate of a
given party for every office
■​ Coattail Effect: candidates running for
lower-level offices benefit in an election from the
popularity of a top-of-ticket nominee
●​ Office-block ballot: arranges all the candidates for a
particular office under the name of that office
(Voting by mail/absentee ballot)
●​ Types of Elections
○​ General elections
■​ determines which candidates win the offices
○​ Run off elections
■​ follow-up election when no candidate receives
the majority of the vote in the original election
○​ Referendum
■​ voters can vote for or against a measure proposed
by the state legislature
○​ Initiative
■​ citizen sponsored proposal (in 24 states) that can
result in new or amended state legislation
○​ Recall
■​ voters can remove an office holder before their
term is over
●​ Factors in voter participation
○​ Education Level: the higher the education level, the
more likely they are to vote
■​ Goes hand in hand with income level
○​ Age: Older people more likely to vote than younger
people
■​ Mobility: younger people are more likely to be
away at college
○​ Race/Ethnicity does not necessarily determine the
likelihood of voting, but there has been an increase in
racial and ethnic minorities voting
○​ Income level: the higher the income level, the more
likely they are to vote
■​ Goes hand in hand with education
Chapter 15: Political Parties

●​ What is a political party?


○​ A political party is an organization of ideologically
similar people that recruits, nominates, and elects
party members to office in order to control the
government.
●​ What is the point of them?
○​ Political parties run candidates under their own label
○​ Political parties seek to govern (unlike interest groups,
who only want people to be sympathetic to their
cause)
○​ Political parties have broad concerns, focused on
many issues
■​ Platform: formal statement of a party’s principles
& policy objectives
○​ Political parties are quasi-public organizations that
have a special relationship with the government
Chapter 16: Interest Groups

●​ What the hell is an interest group?


○​ Interest Groups are organizations that seek to achieve
goals by influencing government decision making.
■​ Interest groups are similar to the “factions”
mentioned in Fed 10
○​ Membership in interest groups have been shrinking
over time, especially since the pandemic.
●​ Aight bro what do they even do?
○​ Educate the public about policy issues
○​ Provide citizens with an avenue of access to activism
○​ Mobilize citizens & encourage political participation
○​ Perform electoral functions
○​ Provide information and expertise to policymakers
○​ Protect the common good
○​ Play an important role in the checks and balances of
our government
●​ Ok but surely there has gotta be some downsides???
○​ Contribute to political corruption
○​ Political Action Committees can provide a lopsided
amount of funds to one interest group
○​ Strengthen the advantages enjoyed by incumbents
○​ Elites are more likely to establish and dominate
interest groups
●​ Ok sounds mad stupid but how do they achieve their
goals
○​ Directly
■​ Lobbying: communicating directly with
policymakers on an interest group’s behalf
■​ Issue Network: web of connections among those
concerned about a policy & those who
create/administer the policy
■​ Iron Triangle
○​ Indirectly
■​ Public Outreach: educating the public, civic
discourse, etc.
■​ Electioneering: working to influence the election
of candidates who support the interest group’s
issues
Chapter 17: Daaa Media

●​ Ay bruv what do media have to do wit da govt?


○​ Provide political information
■​ Horse Race Journalism: the tendency of the
media to accentuate popularity & poll numbers
over substance
■​ Infotainment
○​ Help us interpret events & policies & influence agenda
setting in the national political arena
■​ Framing: context
■​ Public Agenda: issues that demand the attention
of government officials
■​ Priming: bringing certain issues to the public
agenda through media coverage
○​ Provide a forum for political conversations
■​ Letter to the Editor: when a reader responds to a
story knowing the letter may be published
○​ Socialize children to the political culture
●​ Aight thats all dandy but someone gotta regulate them
right?
○​ Fo sho
○​ Federal Communications Commission
■​ Founded in 1934 by Congress
■​ Independent Regulatory Agency; allows the
government to regulate & control the ownership
of radio & television stations
○​ Telecommunications Act of 1996: opened
communication markets to telephone companies
■​ Combined things like local & long distance
telephone service, internet access, cable & satellite TV
Chapter 18: Politics and Technology

●​ HOW HAVE UHH oops caps lock how have political


campagins implemeneted this new techonolognoy???
○​ Remarketing: targeting political Google ads based on
the cookies that a user drops on other websites
○​ Promoted tweets
○​ E-campaigning: mobilizing voters using the internet
○​ Big Data: large data sets collected through numerous
sources; can indicate individual preferences &
opinions.
○​ Microtarget: Data mining that tracks voter preferences
to tailor messages in order to gain support
○​ Macroprotesting: #MeToo Movement
○​ E-petition
○​ Hacktivism: using/destroying electronic files for a
political or social goal
○​ No way half of these terms are real bro
●​ Yeah yeah what are the downsides???
○​ Election Infiltration
■​ (Russian) trolls: people who deliberately harass
people online
○​ Cyber Threats
○​ Domestic Surveillance, Data Breaches, etc.
■​ Verizon can provide info about phone calls
■​ Location monitoring
■​ Cookies
■​ Monitoring any kind of communication,
including email
■​ Infiltrating multiplayer video games (lmao
what??)

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