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JavaScript_Exam_Summary

The document provides a comprehensive overview of JavaScript, covering its definition, purpose, and execution methods. It details syntax, data types, control structures, functions, DOM manipulation, and form validation. Additionally, it explains the differences between various comparison operators and includes examples to illustrate key concepts.

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nourarif1234
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1 views

JavaScript_Exam_Summary

The document provides a comprehensive overview of JavaScript, covering its definition, purpose, and execution methods. It details syntax, data types, control structures, functions, DOM manipulation, and form validation. Additionally, it explains the differences between various comparison operators and includes examples to illustrate key concepts.

Uploaded by

nourarif1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript Exam Summary

1. Introduction to JavaScript
Definition: A scripting language for creating interactive web pages.

Purpose:

- Handle events and user interactions.


- Perform client-side calculations.

- Manipulate HTML and CSS dynamically.

Execution: Runs in the client’s browser and can be disabled by users.

2. Where to Write JavaScript


Inline: Within HTML elements using the 'onEvent' attribute (e.g., onClick).

Internal: Inside <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> </script> tags in


the <body> (9ad mat7eb mn marra) or <head> :

External: In separate .js files linked using <script language=”javascript” src="file.js">


</script>. Either fl head or e5er l body:

3. Syntax and Basics


Case-sensitive, La casse est importante: Keywords and identifiers are case-sensitive.
(majuscule does NOT= minuscule)

Comments:

- Single-line: // Comment.

- Multi-line: /* Comment */.

Variables:

- Declared using var, let, or const.

- Dynamic typing: Variable type is determined at runtime.

Example:
let name = "John";

const age = 25;

var prenom; -- undefined

Operators:

- Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %.

- Comparison: ==, ===, !=, >, <.

- Logical: &&, ||, !.

4. Data Types
Primitive Types: Number, String, Boolean, Undefined, Null.

Complex Types:

- Array: let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];.

- Object: let person = {name: "Alice", age: 30};.

Type Checking: Use typeof to check variable types.

5. Control Structures
Conditional Statements:

if (condition) { ... } else { ... }

switch (value) { case 1: ... break; default: ... }

Loops:

- for, while, do...while.

Example:

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { ... }

6. Functions
Declaration: function name(parameters) { ... }.

Arrow Functions:

Example:

const greet = (name) => `Hello, ${name}!`;

Built-in Functions:
- alert(), confirm(), prompt().

- document.write(), console.log().

- isNaN(), parseInt(), parseFloat().

7. DOM Manipulation
Selectors:

- document.getElementById("id").

- document.querySelector(".class").

Events:

- Inline: <button onClick="alert('Clicked')">Click Me</button>.

- Add Listener: element.addEventListener("click", function);


Modify Elements:

Example:

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Text";

document.body.style.backgroundColor = "blue";

8. Objects and Methods


Window Object: Global object providing functions like alert(), prompt().

Document Object: Represents the HTML content and provides methods for manipulation.

Example:

document.title = "New Title";

10. Forms and Validation


Access Form Elements:

Example:

let name = document.forms["nameForm"]["nameInput"].value;

Validation Example:

if (name === "") { alert("Name cannot be empty"); }


Expression Explanation Result

Compares only values. "123" is coerced to a number


"123" == 123 true
before comparison.

Compares values and types. "123" (string) is not the


"123" === 123 false
same type as 123 (number).

0 == false Compares only values. false is coerced to 0. true

Compares values and types. 0 (number) is not the


0 === false false
same type as false (boolean).

Special case in JavaScript: null and undefined are


null == undefined true
considered equal only with ==.

Compares values and types. null and undefined are


null === undefined false
different types.

String "123" is coerced to a number 123. Compares


"123" > 100 true
numerically.

"123abc" cannot be coerced to a number, so it


"123abc" > 100 false
remains a string. Comparison fails.

isNaN("abc") "abc" is not a number, so isNaN() returns true. true

"123" is a valid number (after coercion), so isNaN()


isNaN("123") false
returns false.

isNaN(123) 123 is already a number, so isNaN() returns false. false

123
Number("123") Explicitly converts "123" to the number 123.
(number)

"abc" cannot be converted to a number, so it returns


Number("abc") NaN
NaN.

" " == 0 Empty string is coerced to 0. true

Strict equality: Empty string (string) and 0 (number)


" " === 0 false
are different types.

Extracts valid numeric part (123.45) and ignores the 123.45


parseFloat("123.45abc")
invalid part (abc). (number)

parseFloat("abc") Cannot extract a number, so it returns NaN. NaN


Expression Explanation Result

Compares lexicographically (alphabetically) as both


"abc" > "def" false
are strings. "abc" is smaller than "def".

"123abc" cannot be fully coerced to a number.


"123abc" == 123 false
Comparison fails.

0 == "" Empty string ("") is coerced to 0. true

null > 0 null is coerced to 0 for numeric comparison. false

undefined cannot be coerced to a meaningful


undefined > 0 false
number for comparison.

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