University of Nueva Caceres Correlation Class

TIMBER DESIGN

a. 4.58 MPa c. 3.18 MPa

TIMBER DESIGN b. 3.37 MPa d. 4.08 MPa
8. What is the maximum shear stress using the 3 – m long joist?
a. 0.25 MPa c. 0.21 MPa
Preliminaries of Timber Beam
b. 0.29 MPa d. 0.33 MPa
Rectangular Section 9. What is the maximum flexural stress using the 3.50 – m long
joist?
𝑨 = 𝒃𝒅 a. 4.58 MPa c. 3.18 MPa
𝒃𝒉𝟑 b. 4.08 MPa d. 3.37 MPa
𝑰=
𝟏𝟐
𝟔𝑴 SITUATION: A 50 mm x 200 mm Guijo floor joists carries a
𝒇𝒃 = superimposed dead load of 2.5 kPa and a live load of 2.0 kPa. The joist
𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝟑𝑽 has a simple span of 3.6 m. Weight of wood is 7.5 kN/m3. The allowable
𝒇𝒗 = bending stress is 15.8 MPa and the allowable shear stress is 0.90 MPa.
𝟐𝑨 The modulus of elasticity of the wood is 13.8 GPa. The allowable
deflection is 1/300 of the span. Assume no impact allowance for live
Circular Section load.
𝝅 𝟐 10. What is the spacing of joist if bending controls?
𝑨= 𝑫
𝟒 a. 0.68 m c. 0.74 m
𝝅𝑫𝟒 b. 0.71 m d. 0.78 m
𝑰= 11. What is the spacing of joist if shear controls?
𝟔𝟒
𝒇𝒃 = 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝟏 a. 0.67 m c. 0.77 m
𝟒𝑽 b. 0.72 m d. 0.83 m
𝒇𝒗 = 12. What is the spacing of joist is deflection controls?
𝟑𝑨
a. 0.72 m c. 0.59 m
1
The bending strength calculation for circular section will be based b. 0.66 m d. 0.54 m
on converting the circle into a square section with same area, then
the formula for fb for rectangular section will be used. NOTCHING OF TIMBER

Hankinson’s Equation
SITUATION 1: A circular timber beam 250 mm in diameter has a simple 𝒑𝒒
span of 4 m. The allowable stresses are 16.50 MPa for bending and 1.73 𝒓=
𝒑 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽
MPa for shear parallel to grain. The allowable deflection is 1/240 of the
span. The modulus of elasticity of the wood is 7.31 GPa. r = allowable compressive strength of wood at an angle θ
1. What is the maximum uniform load that the beam can carry from the line perpendicular to the direction of the grain
so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded? p = allowable compressive strength of wood parallel to the
a. 13.48 kN/m c. 14.22 kN/m grain
b. 12.66 kN/m d. 14.95 kN/m q = allowable compressive strength of wood perpendicular to
2. What is the maximum uniform load that the beam can carry the grain
so that the allowable shear stress is not exceeded?
a. 31.85 kN/m c. 28.31 kN/m
b. 32.17 kN/m d. 33.40 kN/m
SITUATION: From a given notching (dap) shown below, the 100 mm x
3. What is the maximum uniform load that the beam can carry
100 mm strut is subjected to a compressive force of 28 kN acting as
so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded?
shown. The bottom chord is made up of 100 mm x 150 mm. The wooden
a. 7.34 kN/m c. 7.25 kN/m
section is made up of 80 % stress grade Apitong. The following are the
b. 7.01 kN/m d. 6.83 kN/m
properties of apitong:
Bending and Tension Parallel to Grain = 16.50 MPa
Bending of Timber Beams (2001 NSCP) Modulus of Elasticity in Bending = 7.31 GPa
Compression Parallel to Grain = 9.56 MPa
SITUATION: A 6 m span beam having a cross section of 200 mm by Compression Perpendicular to Grain = 2.20 MPa
500 mm carries a uniformly distributed load throughout its span. The Shear Parallel to Grain = 1.73 MPa
wood used is 80 % stress grade apitong. The following are the properties
of apitong:
Bending and Tension Parallel to Grain = 16.50 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity in Bending = 7.31 GPa
Compression Parallel to Grain = 9.56 MPa
Compression Perpendicular to Grain = 2.20 MPa
Shear Parallel to Grain = 1.73 MPa
4. What is the slenderness ratio of the beam?
a. 11.75 c. 12.11
b. 12.00 d. 12.37
5. What is the allowable bending stress of the beam? 13. What is the actual compressive stress on the strut?
a. 14.98 MPa c. 16.50 MPa a. 2.8 MPa c. 3.2 MPa
b. 14.53 MPa d. 15.59 MPa b. 3.0 MPa d. 3.4 MPa
6. What is the maximum superimposed uniformly distributed 14. What is the actual compressive stress on side AB?
load that the beam can carry? a. 275 kPa c. 475 kPa
a. 29.07 kN/m c. 27.00 kN/m b. 375 kPa d. 575 kPa
b. 27.60 kN/m d. 25.98 kN/m 15. What is the actual compressive stress on side BC?
a. 3.23 MPa c. 5.23 MPa
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TIMBER JOIST b. 4.23 MPa d. 6.23 MPa
16. What is the allowable compressive stress on side AB?
SITUATION: Timber floor joist of dressed dimensions 40 mm x 190 mm a. 5.32 MPa c. 3.32 MPa
and spaced at 0.30 m on centers carry a floor load of 2.4 kPa including b. 4.32 MPa d. 2.32 MPa
the weight of the joists. The floor joists are supported by the girders 17. What is the allowable compressive stress on side BC?
spaced at 3 m on centers. Two joists’ lengths available are 3 m and 3.50 a. 6.81 MPa c. 8.81 MPa
m. b. 7.81 MPa d. 9.81 MPa
7. What is the maximum flexural stress using the 3 – m joist?
John Rey M. Pacturanan, CE, MP
University of Nueva Caceres Correlation Class
TIMBER DESIGN

SITUATION: The truss in the figure is made up of Guijo 100 mm x 150 to visually graded lumber 50 mm to 100 mm thick or to machine –
mm. It is loaded with a downward load of 20 kN at its apex. Allowable stress – rated lumber.
compressive strength of the wood parallel to the grain is 11 MPa while
that of perpendicular to the grain is 5 MPa. The allowable shear stress 615.3.6 Slenderness factor and flexural stress. When the depth of a
of the wood parallel to the grain is 1.00 MPa while that of perpendicular member exceeds its breadth, lateral support may be required and the
to the grain is 1.45 MPa. slenderness factor Cs shall be calculated by the following equation:
le d
Cs = 2 (615 – 2)
b
Where:
Cs = slenderness factor
Le = effective length of beam, mm from the following table
d = depth of beam, mm
b = breadth of beam, mm

EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF BEAMS

18. What is the axial stress on member AC?
VALUE OF
a. 1.26 MPa c. 1.19 MPa TYPE OF BEAM SPAN AND NATURE OF
EFFECTIVE
b. 1.14 MPa d. 1.09 MPa LOAD
LENGTH, le
19. What is the minimum value of x?
Single-span beam, load concentrated at the 1.61 lu
a. 160 mm c. 130.12 mm
center
b. 117.03 mm d. 104.60 mm
20. What is the minimum value of y?
Single-span beam, uniformly distributed load 1.92 lu
a. 22.94 mm c. 14.55 mm
b. 17.08 mm d. 19.45 mm
Single-span beam, equal end moments 1.84 lu
Bulit-Up Section and Spacing of Nails Cantilever beam, load concentrated at 1.69 lu
unsupported length
Situation: A built – up wooden beam is formed by three planks nailed
as shown. The section carries a shear force of 5 kN. Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load 1.06 lu

Cantilever beam, uniformly distributed load 1.69 lu

with concentrated load at cantilever end

Single-span or cantilever beam, any other 1.92 lu

load
lu = unsupported length of beam, mm

The effective lengths, le, in the table are based on lu/d ration of 17. For
other lu/d ratios, these effective lengths may be multiplied by a factor
equal to 0.85 + 2.55/(lu/d) except that this factor shall not apply to a
21. What is the moment of inertia about the neutral axis? single span beam with equal end moments (le = 1.84 lu) or to a simple
a. 1.0875 x 109 mm4 c. 1.0625 x 109 mm4 span or cantilever beam with any load (le = 1.92 lu).
b. 1.0125 x 109 mm4 d. 1.0375 x 109 mm4
22. What is the maximum shear that the section can carry if the When the slenderness factor does not exceed 10, the full allowable
allowable shear stress for wood is 2.45 MPa? unit stress in bending Fb may be used.
a. 40.83 kN c. 39.87 kN
b. 38.91 kN d. 41.79 kN When the slenderness factor Csis greater than 10 but does not exceed
23. What is the maximum spacing between the nails if each nail Ck, the allowable unit stress in bending F’b shall be determined from
can carry a shear force of 1200 N? the following equation:
1 Cs 4
a. 94.86 mm c. 97.14 mm F’b = Fb[1 - ( ) ] (615 – 3)
3 Ck
b. 99.43 mm d. 92.57 mm
Where:
Ck = 0.811 E/Fb (615 – 4)
E = modulus of elasticity
Fb = allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending
NSCP 2001 SPECIFICATIONS FOR BENDING F’b = allowable unit stress for extreme fiber in bending,
adjusted for slenderness
615.3.5 Size factor adjustment. When the depth of a rectangular
sawn lumber bending member 125 mm or thicker exceeds 300 mm, When the slenderness factor Cs is greater than Ck but less than 50, the
the bending values, Fb, shall be multiplied by the size factor, CF, as allowable unit stress in bending F’b shall be determined by the
determined by the Equation (615 – 1): following equation.
300 1/9 0.483 E
CF = ( ) (615 – 1) F’b = 2 (615 – 5)
d Cs
Where: In no case shall Cs exceeds 50.
CF = size factor
d = depth of beam in mm

For beams of circular cross section that have a diameter greater than
340 mm, or 300 mm or larger square beams loaded in a plane of the
diagonal, the size factor CF may be determined on the basis of an
equivalent conventionally loaded square beam of the same cross-
sectional area.

Size factor adjustments are cumulative, with form factor adjustments

specified in section 615.3.7, except for lumber I beam and box beams,
but are not cumulative with the slenderness factor adjustments
specified in Section 615.3.6. The size factor adjustment shall not apply
John Rey M. Pacturanan, CE, MP