facilitating the uptake of glucose into muscle and

liver cells?

A) Glucagon
Name: ………………………………………………………………………
B) Insulin
Registration Number: ……………………………………………….
C) Cortisol
HCA MODULE TWO CAT JAN 2025
D) Epinephrine
INSTRUCTION
3. What is the most fundamental structural and
• Read all questions carefully before
functional unit of the nervous system, which
answering
transmits electrical signals?
• Time is 1 Hour 30 Minutes
A) Axon
• Attempt all question
B) Neuron
• Pass mark is 70%
C) Myelin

D) Dendrite
SECTION A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)-
4. The myelin sheath around an axon primarily
60MKS
serves to:
1. Which of the following glands is often considered
A) Increase the speed of electrical impulse
the “master gland” because it regulates several
transmission
other endocrine glands?
B) Maintain the structural integrity of the axon
A) Thyroid gland
C) Protect the axon from oxidative damage
B) Pituitary gland
D) Store neurotransmitters
C) Adrenal gland
5. Which part of the brain is crucial for motor
D) Pancreas
control, coordination, and the maintenance of
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for balance, and is particularly affected in diseases such
maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels by as Parkinson’s?

A) Cerebrum

B) Cerebellum

C) Medulla oblongata
D) Thalamus B) Pulmonary arteries

6. Which type of neuron is responsible for C) Aorta

transmitting signals from sensory receptors (such as
D) Coronary arteries
those in the skin) to the central nervous system
(CNS)? 11. Which organ produces bile, a substance that is
essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats
A) Motor neuron
in the small intestine?
B) Interneuron
A) Stomach
C) Sensory neuron
B) Pancreas
D) Efferent neuron
C) Gallbladder
7. The regulation of autonomic functions like heart
D) Liver
rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate is
controlled by which brain structure? 12. Which heart valve prevents the backflow of
blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium
A) Cerebral cortex
during ventricular contraction?
B) Medulla oblongata
A) Tricuspid valve
C) Hypothalamus
B) Mitral (bicuspid) valve
D) Thalamus
C) Pulmonary valve
8. Which of the following male reproductive
D) Aortic valve
structures contributes the largest volume to
seminal fluid and helps in nourishing and protecting 13. The largest and most powerful artery in the
sperm? human body, responsible for distributing oxygen-
rich blood to the systemic circulation, is the:
A) Epididymis
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Testes
B) Coronary artery
C) Seminal vesicles
C) Aorta
D) Urethra
D) Carotid artery
9. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated
blood through the aorta to the body, and is crucial 14. The outermost layer of the skin, which provides
in systemic circulation? a protective barrier against environmental factors,
is the:
A) Left atrium
A) Dermis
B) Left ventricle
B) Epidermis
C) Right atrium
C) Hypodermis
D) Right ventricle
D) Subcutaneous layer
10. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood
from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation in the 15. Which layer of the heart is composed of cardiac
pulmonary circuit? muscle and is responsible for the heart’s pumping
action?
A) Pulmonary veins
A) Endocardium 20. The exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and
carbon dioxide) occurs primarily in which structure
B) Epicardium
of the lungs?
C) Myocardium
A) Trachea
D) Pericardium
B) Bronchi
16. Fertilization typically occurs in which part of the
C) Alveoli
female reproductive system, where the sperm
meets the egg? D) Bronchioles

A) Uterus 21. Which muscle is considered the primary muscle

of respiration, as it contracts and flattens to allow
B) Cervix
the lungs to expand during inhalation?
C) Fallopian tube (Oviduct)
A) Intercostal muscles
D) Ovary
B) Diaphragm
17. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the
C) Abdominal muscles
development and maintenance of male secondary
sexual characteristics, such as facial hair and deeper D) Pectoral muscles
voice?
22. Which structure ensures that food enters the
A) Estrogen esophagus rather than the trachea during
swallowing, preventing aspiration?
B) Progesterone
A) Larynx
C) Testosterone
B) Epiglottis
D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) Uvula
18. The main site of nutrient absorption in the
digestive system, where most chemical digestion D) Pharynx
and absorption occur, is the:
23. The primary function of the respiratory system
A) Stomach is to:

B) Small intestine A) Transport nutrients to cells

C) Large intestine B) Remove waste from the body

D) Liver C) Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the

blood and lungs
19. The primary protein responsible for the
transport of oxygen within red blood cells is: D) Circulate blood throughout the body

A) Myoglobin 24. Which of the following structures is also

referred to as the “voice box,” which contains the
B) Hemoglobin
vocal cords responsible for sound production?
C) Albumin
A) Trachea
D) Fibrinogen
B) Pharynx

C) Larynx
D) Bronchus C) Urethra

25. The exchange of gases between the blood and D) Renal pelvis
tissue cells, a process vital to cellular metabolism, is
30. The basic structural unit of all living organisms,
known as:
capable of performing all life processes, is the:
A) External respiration
A) Organ
B) Internal respiration
B) Cell
C) Pulmonary ventilation
C) Tissue
D) Cellular respiration
D) System
26. Which organ is responsible for detoxifying
harmful substances in the blood, and also
contributes to the synthesis of important proteins SECTION B. SHORT ANSWERED QUESTIONS- (EACH
like albumin? QUESTION 5 MARK) (SAQs)- 40MKS
A) Stomach 1. Describe the role of the circulatory system in
transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the
B) Liver
body.
C) Pancreas
2. What are the different types of muscle tissue and
D) Gallbladder how do they function in the body?

27. Which segment of the small intestine is closest 3. Draw and label the structure of the human eye
to the stomach and plays a major role in the and explain its function.
chemical digestion of food, particularly the
4. Describe the structure of a synovial joint and
neutralization of stomach acids?
explain how it allows for movement in the human
A) Ileum body?

B) Jejunum 5. Describe the role of the placenta during

pregnacy?
C) Duodenum
6. What are the primary components of the
D) Cecum
digestive system, and how do they contribute to
28. Which type of muscle tissue, under voluntary digestion and nutrient absorption?
control, is responsible for most body movements,
7. What are the main functions of the skin, and how
including locomotion and posture?
does it protect the body from environmental
A) Smooth muscle hazards?

B) Cardiac muscle 8. What is the difference between the central

nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous
C) Skeletal muscle system (PNS), and how do they communicate with
each other?
D) All of the above

29. The organ that temporarily stores urine before it

is excreted through the urethra is the:

A) Ureter

B) Bladder