THROWING EVENTS:

Shotput
Discus Throw
Javelin Throw
Hammer Throw
THROWING
EVENTS
Throwing events are athletic competitions where participants
aim to throw an object as far as possible. These events test an
individual's strength, technique, and coordination, requiring
them to launch an implement from a designated area into a
marked sector.

The goal is to achieve the maximum distance while adhering

to specific rules, such as remaining within the throwing circle
or runway and ensuring the object lands within the valid
area. Each throw is measured, and the longest valid throw
HISTORY
Throwing sports, dating back to 776 BCE in ancient Greece with events
like the discus and javelin, evolved through the Middle Ages and became
formalized in the modern Olympic Games starting in 1896, featuring
events such as shot put, discus, javelin, and later the hammer throw,
each highlighting strength, skill, and technique.
TYPES OF
Throwing Events are a category in track
and field sports where athletes compete
by throwing implements (objects) as far
as possible. These events test an

THROWING athlete's strength, technique, and

coordination. The main throwing events
include:

EVENTS
SHOT PUT DISCUS JAVELIN HAMMER
THROW THROW THROW
SHOT
PUT
A sport in athletics (track and
field) in which a spherical weight
is thrown, or put, from the
shoulder for distance. It derives
from the ancient sport of putting
the stone.

The shot put is a track and field

event in which athletes ‘put’ a
heavy metal ball, known as a
‘shot’. The shot is put – not
thrown – with one hand and the
HISTORY OF
SHOT PUT
The history of stone throwing as a sport
originated in Ancient Greece
Soldiers competed in cannonball throwing events
during the Middle Ages
A modern version of shot put first appeared in the Scottish
Highland Games during the 19th century
Men’s shot put has been contested at every modern Olympics
since 1896
Women’s shot put was first introduced to the Olympics in 1948
The United States is the most successful shot put nation in
Olympic history. Male athletes from the country grabbed gold at
SHOT
PUT
RULES AND VIOLATIONS
IN SHOT PUT
Upon calling the athlete's name, they have
Sixty Seconds to commence the throwing
motion.
The athlete may touch the inside surface of
the circle or stop board, but must not touch
the top or outside of the circle or stop board,
The athlete may NOT wear gloves;
or the ground beyond the circle. Limbs may
OFSAA (Ontario Federation of School
however extend over the lines of the circle in
Athletic Associations) rules permit the
taping of individual fingers. the air.
The athlete must rest the shot close to the The shot must land in the legal sector
neck, and keep it tight to the neck throughout (34.92°) of the throwing area.
the motion. The athlete must exit the throwing circle from

The shot must be released above the height of the back half of the circle.
the shoulder, using only one hand. The ball is
to be put (i.e. pushed), not thrown with an
overhead motion.
RULES AND VIOLATIONS
IN SHOT PUT
Foul throws occur when an athlete:
Does not pause within the circle Throws a shot which either falls outside the
before beginning the throwing motion. throwing sector or touches a sector line on
Does not begin the throwing movement within the initial impact.
sixty seconds of having his or her name
Leaves the circle before the shot has
called. Allows the shot to drop below his
landed. Does not exit from the rear half of
shoulder or outside the vertical plane of his
shoulder during the put. the circle.
During the throwing motion, touches, with
any part of the body (including shoes):
the top or ends of the stopboard
the top of the iron ring
anywhere outside the circle.
FACILITIES &
EQUIPMENTS
FACILITIES:
THROWING
CIRCLE
STOP
BOARD
FACILITIES IN
SHOT PUT
THROWING
Throwing circle is a designated circular
CIRCLE:
area from which the athlete must
throw the shot (a heavy spherical
object).
It provides a confined space for the
athlete to perform the shot put
technique, ensuring fair and
consistent conditions for all
competitors.
 FACILITIES IN
STOP SHOT PUT
The stop board marks the front of the
BOARD:
throwing area, keeping the athlete behind
it and preventing loss of balance during
the throw.
It also offers a surface for the athlete to push
against, allowing them to generate more
force during the throw.
Its made of wood or metal and is painted
white. It’s about 10 cm (4 inches) high and
1.21 meters (4 feet) long.
 FACILITIES IN
LANDING
SHOT PUT
The Landing Area is the sector where
AREA:
the shot must land for the throw to be
valid.
The landing area is a cone-shaped
sector extending from the circle,
spanning an angle of 34.92 degrees.
The Throws are measured from the stop
board to where the shot first lands, and
it must land within the sector for the
throw to count.
 EQUIPMENTS

SHOT MEASURING MARKERS

A solid, metal sphere used TAPE/DEVICE
Used to measure the Cones or flags that
for throwing. It weighs distance of the throw
7.26 kg (16 lbs) for men mark specific distances
from the inner edge of
and 4 kg (8.8 lbs) for in the landing area for
the stop board to the
women in official
competitions. The shot is point where the shot easier viewing of
typically made of brass, first lands. throw distances.
iron, or steel.
 EQUIPMENTS

SHOT PUT SHOT PUT

SHOES Shot put clothing typically
CLOTHING
Shot put shoes feature
includes tight-fitting,
a flat, stable sole for lightweight apparel that
maximum grip and allows for freedom of
support during the movement and minimizes
push drag during the throw.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Throwing Circle Boundary
MARKINGS ON
A clearly marked 2.135-meter diameter circle
from which the athlete throws. Stepping

THE TRACK
outside results in a foul.

Stop Board Line

A line marking the inside edge of the stop
board.It measures 1.21 Meters. Throws are
measured from this line to the point where the
shot lands.
DIFFERENT
MARKINGS
LINES AND ON
Sector Lines
THE TRACK
Two lines extending outward from the circle at a 34.92-
degree angle, forming the boundaries of the landing area.
The shot must land within these lines to be considered a
valid throw.

Landing Sector Markings:

The area within the sector lines for shot put is marked with
painted lines or cones to clearly define the valid landing
zone. These indicators help ensure that the shot lands within
the designated area for the throw to be valid and assist
officials in measuring the distance accurately.
DISCUS
THROW
Discus Throw is a track and field
(throwing) athletics event in which
athletes throw a heavy disc known as
a "discus" as far as possible to win
the competition. It is one of the
ancient sports that was demonstrated
by the fifth-century BC artist Myron in
his statue ‘Discobolus’.
HISTORY OF
The discus can be traced back to the ancient
DISCUS
Olympic Games THROW
in 708 BC
The Greek poet Homer referenced the discus in The
Iliad's description of the funeral games for Patroclus
in around 800BC
The discus was introduced as part of the pentathlon in the Ancient
Olympics of 708BC (the first Olympics were held in 776BC)
The enduring image of the Greek discus thrower comes from the
iconic 5th century BC statue by the great sculptor Myron
The discus weighs 2kg for men (22cm in diameter) and 1kg (18cm
in diameter) for women
The men’s discus was introduced as an event in the modern Olympic
DISCUS
THROW
 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
DISCUS THROW
The following rules are adhered to for a legal
throw:
Upon calling the athlete's name, they The discus must land in the legal
have sixty seconds to initiate the throwing sector (34.92°) of the throwing area.
motion. The athlete must exit the rear half of
The athlete may NOT wear gloves but may
use chalk on his hands, fingers the circle under control.
The throw is made with a pulling action Competitors shall not compete while using
of the arm
an illegal implement.
The athlete may touch the inside surface of
the circle, but must not touch the top or
outside of the circle, or the ground beyond
the circle. Limbs may however extend over
the lines of the circle in the air
 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
DISCUS THROW
Foul throws occur when an athlete:
Does not pause within the circle before Throws a discus which either falls outside
beginning the throwing motion the throwing sector or touches a sector
Fails to initiatea trial that is carried to line on the initial impact.
completion within 1 minute after being
Leaves the circle before the discus has
called for a trial, unless excused by the
officials to participate in some other event. landed.
During the throwing motion, touches, with
any part of the body (including shoes): the
top of the iron ring, anywhere outside the
circle.
FACILITIES IN
DISCUS THROW
THROWING
The throwing circle in discus throw is a

CIRCLE:
2.5- meter diameter area made of
concrete or
non-slip material, designed to provide
traction for the athlete's rotational technique.
It has a marked boundary, and stepping
outside or on the line results in a foul.
The circle ensures uniform conditions for all
competitors, contributing to safety, fair
competition, and allowing athletes to
maximize their performance during the
throw.
 FACILITIES IN
STOPDISCUS THROW
The stop board marks the front of the throwing
BOARD:
circle, ensuring the athlete stays behind it and
helps prevent loss of balance during the throw. It
provides a surface for the athlete to push against,
aiding in generating more force for the throw.

Typically made of wood or metal and painted

white, the stop board is 10 cm (4 inches) high
and 1.21 meters (4 feet) long, contributing to
both safety and performance in the event.
 FACILITIES IN
LANDING
DISCUS THROW
The landing area in discus throw is a
AREA:
cone-shaped sector, marked by two
lines forming a 34.92-degree angle.
The discus must land within these lines
for a valid throw.
Its made out of grass or dirt, it
includes distance markers to help
officials measure the throw
accurately.
FACILITIES IN
DISCUS THROW
PROTECTIVE /
A safety cage surrounds the
SAFETY CAGE:
throwing circle to protect officials and
spectators from errant throws. The
cage allows the discus to be thrown
through an opening but keeps it
contained if it goes off course.

Its height goes to 5m - 7m or 7m -

10m
 EQUIPMENTS IN
DISCUS THROW

DISCUS MEASURING MARKERS

A round, flat object with TAPE/DEVICE
Used to measure the Cones or flags placed in
a metal rim, made of distance from the the landing area to
wood, plastic, or metal. throwing circle to the mark specific distances,
The discus weighs 2 kg for point where the discus making it easier to
men and 1 kg for women first touches the track throws.
in official competitions. ground.
EQUIPMENTS DISCUS
THROW

DISCUS DISCUS
SHOES
Discus shoes are designed CLOTHING
Discus clothing consists
with smooth, curved soles of lightweight, form-
for optimal traction and fitting garments that
stability during the spin allow full range of
motion and minimize
drag.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Throwing Circle Boundary
A 2.5-meter diameter circle marked by a white line,
MARKINGS ON
indicating the area where the athlete stands to throw.
If the athlete steps outside the boundary during the

THE TRACK
throw, it results in a foul, disallowing the attempt.

Stop Board Line

This line, often located at the front of the throwing
circle, serves as a boundary for the athlete. The stop
board itself is typically 1.2 meters (4 feet) long and 10
cm (4 inches) high, ensuring that the athlete does not
step over it during the throw, which helps maintain
proper technique and safety.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Sector Lines:

MARKINGS ON
Two lines extending outward from the throwing
circle that create a 34.92-degree angle, defining
the legal landing area for the discus. For a throw to

THE TRACK
be valid, the discus must land within these sector
lines.

Landing Sector Markings:

The area within the sector lines is often marked with
additional indicators, such as painted lines or cones,
to facilitate measurement and clearly demarcate the
valid landing zone.
HAMMER
THROW
Hammer Throw is one of the four
throwing events that take place as a
track and field event in athletics. In
this athletes throw a metal ball
weighing around 7.26kg (16 lbs.)
for men and 4kg (8.8 lbs.) for
women attached by a steel wire to a
grip farther from the opponents to
win the competition.
HISTORY OF
HAMMER THROW
According to Irish legend, the history of the hammer
throw dates back more than 4000 years to around
2000BC when Cuchulainn threw a chariot wheel an
enormous distance at the Tailteann Games in Tara,
Ireland
The weight of the hammer is 7.26kg (16lbs) for men and 4kg (8.8lbs)
for women, and the steel wire can be no longer than 1.22m
The first men’s hammer throw at the Olympic Games was in 1900,
while the first women’s event took place exactly 100 years later at
the Sydney Games
Hungary has a strong tradition in the men’s hammer and won gold
medals at the 1948, 1952, 1968, 1996 and 2012 Games, while Poland
HAMMER
THROW
HAMMER THROW
TECHNIQUES
The hammer throwing technique
is divided up into three phases:
1st Phase: SWINGS

2nd Phase: TURNS

(3 or 4 turns are normally used to

accelerate the hammer)

3rd Phase: THROWS

 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
HAMMER THROW
The following rules are adhered to for a legal
throw:
These are the same as for shot put and The throwing circle must have a
discus throw, but the gloves are permitted diameter of 2.135m (7ft) and must be
for the protection of the hands. surrounded by a protective cage. The
The hammer must consist of a metal ball opening of the cage should be 6m in
(head), wire and grip. The total weight width, with two movable netting
panels 2m wide , only one of which
should be 7.26kg (16lbs) for men and 4kg
will be operative at a time and the
(8.8lbs) for women and the size should
cage.
be maximum 110mm (men) and 85mm The athlete must begin the throw from
(women). The wire must be no longer within the circle and may only leave
than 1.22m once the hammer has landed
 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
HAMMER THROW
The following rules are adhered to for a legal
Athletes can only leave from the rear
throw: Measurement is taken from the nearest
half of the circle mark made by the head and to the
The hammer must land within the nearest centimetre
designated 35-degree area, typically If the hammer breaks mid-air, shall
outlined in white not be counted as a foul and the

The hammer is usually thrown six times athlete shall be awarded a

in replacement trial.
an event, if the athlete is within the
In the event of a tie, the winner will be
best 8 in the ranking after the first 3 the athlete with the next-best measure.
throws.
FACILITIES IN
HAMMER THROWING
THROW
The throwing circle for hammer throw is a
CIRCLE:
2.135-meter diameter area, usually made
of concrete or a non-slip surface, where
athletes perform their throw. The athlete
must stay within the circle during the
throw, with any step outside resulting in a
foul.
 FACILITIES IN
HAMMER THROW
STOP
In hammer throw, the stop board marks the
BOARD:
front of the throwing circle, ensuring the athlete
stays behind it during the throw. It helps
prevent loss of balance and provides a surface
for the athlete to push against, aiding in
generating more force.
Typically, the stop board is 10 cm (4 inches)
high and 1.21 meters (4 feet) long, similar to
those used in other throwing events like shot
put and discus.
 FACILITIES IN
HAMMER THROW
LANDING
The landing area for hammer throw is a
AREA:
cone-shaped sector marked by two lines
forming a 34.92-degree angle, extending
outward from the throwing circle. The
hammer must land within these lines for
the throw to be valid. The area is
typically made of grass or dirt, with
distance markers placed to help officials
measure the throw from the circle to the
first point of contact.
FACILITIES IN
HAMMERPROTECTIVE
THROW /
The protective cage for hammer
SAFETY CAGE:
throw is typically around 5m - 7m or
7m - 10m high and encompasses the
throwing circle, ensuring the hammer
is contained and protecting spectators
and officials from potential injury
during the event.
 EQUIPMENTS

HAMMER HAMMER HAMMER

THROW - THROW SHO- THROW GLO–
Throwers wear lightweight
CLOTHIN ESno cleats are
Shoes with VES
Throwers wear a leather
Comfortable, non-restrictive worn by throwers to glove with thick fingers
Gvests and shorts.
clothing allow maximum to ensure a solid grip on
The shorts may be tight adherence and to make the handle.
fitted to support the thighs. the rotation easier.
EQUIPMENTS
HAMMER THROW -
HAMMER
A hammer used in hammer throw is equipment with
a steel wire adjoined to a metal ball at one end and
a handle at another. The metal head should be of
solid iron, brass or any other metal but not softer
than brass.
In this athletes throw a metal ball weighing around
7.26kg (16 lbs.) for men and 4kg (8.8 lbs.) for
women attached by a steel wire (no longer than
1.22m) to a grip.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Throwing Circle Boundary

MARKINGS ON
A 2.5-meter diameter circle marked by a white line,
indicating the area where the athlete stands to throw.
If the athlete steps outside the boundary during the

THE TRACK
throw, it results in a foul, disallowing the attempt.

Stop Board Line

This line, often located at the front of the throwing
circle, serves as a boundary for the athlete. The stop
board itself is typically 1.2 meters (4 feet) long and 10
cm (4 inches) high, ensuring that the athlete does not
step over it during the throw, which helps maintain
proper technique and safety.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Sector Lines:
Two lines extending outward from the throwing circle
MARKINGS ON
that create a 34.92-degree angle, defining the legal
landing area for the discus. For a throw to be valid,

THE TRACK
the discus must land within these sector lines.

Landing Sector Markings:

The area within the sector lines is often marked with
additional indicators, such as painted lines or cones,
to facilitate measurement and clearly demarcate the
valid landing zone.
JAVELIN
THROW
The Javelin is a track and field
event where athletes compete
to aim and throw a javelin, a
long spear-like object with a
metal head, the farthest
distance.
Javelin throw is an event that
takes place at the World
Athletics Championships and
the Olympic Games.
HIST
The javelin can be linked back to Norse mythology,
ORY
with the God Odin said to have a javelin called
Gungnir Javelin was added as an event at the Ancient
Olympic Games in 708 BC as part of the pentathlon
There were originally two versions of the event, one that was based on
Distance and another that was based on Accuracy, where athletes
had to hit a target
The men’s javelin was introduced to the Olympic Games in 1908 and
the Women’s javelin was introduced in 1932
The men’s javelin was redesigned in 1986 to prevent the high number
of flat landings (when the javelin doesn’t stick into the ground). The
women’s implement was similarly redesigned in 1999.
JAVELIN
THROW
JAVELIN THROW
SKILLS AND
TECHNIQUES:
1. Approach Run
2. Grip
Finnish Grip
American Grip
Fork Style Grip
3. Launch and Release
 3 GRIPS OF
JAVELIN

AMERICAN GRIP FINNISH FORK OR “V”

The javelin is lightly held The javelin is held the same
GRIP GRIP
The javelin is held across
across the palm, with the way as the American; the palm of the throwing
index finger wrapped however, the middle finger hand, with the top of the
around the top of the cord rests closer to the top of the cord resting between the
and the thumb pressing cord and the index finger index and middle finger.
against the top of the cord wraps higher along the
as well. shaft.
 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
JAVELIN THROW
The following rules are adhered to for a legal
throw:
The athlete must begin the run-up within The javelin must strike the ground
the designated runway, which is at least 30 with the metal head before any other
metres long part of the javelin and within the
The athlete must not turn his or her back throwing sector, which is
to the landing area at any stage during approximately 29 degrees
their approach and throw The distance is measured from the
The athlete must not touch with any part nearest mark made in contacting the
of his or her body the lines which mark the
ground when it first lands by the head
runway or the ground outside
of the javelin to the inside edge of the
The javelin must be thrown over the
shoulder or upper part of their throwing throwing arc, along a line to the
arm centre of the circle of which the arc is
 RULES AND VIOLATIONS IN
JAVELIN THROW
The following rules are adhered to for a legal throw:
A failure occurs if the athlete doesn’t start his or her attempt within the time
allowed, touches with any part of his or her body the lines which mark the
runway or the ground outside, the javelin lands outside the landing sector,
the metal head doesn’t strike the ground before any other part of the
javelin, until the javelin has been thrown the athlete turns completely
around so that his or her back is towards the throwing arc, the athlete fails
to hold the javelin by the grip, or the athlete leaves the runway before the
javelin has landed.

The athlete cannot wear gloves on their throwing hand

FACILITIES IN
JAVELIN THROW
RUNW
The javelin throw event takes place on a
AY:
specially designed runway, often made
of synthetic materials. It provides
athletes with a smooth and consistent
surface for their approach and throw
The runway is typically 30 to 36.5
meters in length and 4 meters in width.
 FACILITIES IN
THROWING
JAVELIN THROW
At the end of the runway, there is a
ARC:
curved arc (usually 8 meters in radius)
marking the point from where the athlete
must release the javelin without stepping
over.
The strip is made up of white paint with a
width of 70 mm (2.75 in.). The
athletes should not step on or beyond
the arc at any point while throwing the
FACILITIES IN
JAVELIN LANDING
THROW
The landing sector is also known as
SECTOR:
the throwing sector. It is the
wedge-shaped area with a soft, even
surface, upon which the Javelin lands.
For the Javelin throw, the landing
sector covers an angle of 28.96
degrees extending outwards from the
arc at the end of the runway.
EQUIPMENTS
JAVELIN
A spear-like implement made of metal or
composite materials, ranging from 2.5 to
2.7 meters in length for men and 2.2 to
2.3 meters for women. The men's javelin
weighs 800 grams, and the women's
javelin weighs 600 grams. It has a pointed
metal tip for penetrating the ground on
landing.
 PARTS OF THE
JAVELIN

SHAFT GRIP HEAD / TIP

The long, slender body of the It covers a section of the shaft The pointed end of the javelin,
javelin, made from either metal and it is the part that is held by
made of metal, designed to
or composite materials like the Shoes with
thrower. It no cleats are
is located in the
worn by shaft.
throwers to grips penetrate the ground upon
carbon fiber. It provides the center of the Most
landing. This ensures accurate
main structure and must contain aallow maximum
non-slip pattern surface
adherence and to make marking of where the javelin
maintain precise dimensions and and can be no more than 8mm in
the rotation easier. first contacts the ground.
balance to ensure a smooth diameter.
flight
 EQUIPMENTS

JAVELIN SPIKES RUBBER ATHLETIC

They are a little different from The TIPS
rubber tip minimizes CLOTHING
Javelin throwers typically
a regular track shoe in that damage to surfaces (like wear lightweight and
they have spikes on the heel indoor tracks or gym floors) comfortable clothing that
as well. and reduces the likelihood doesn’t restrict their
This is so that you can easily of injury during training. movement during the throw.
plant your foot without
slipping when throwingthe
javelin.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Runway Markings/Lines:
MARKINGS ON
Two parallel lines mark the edges of the runway.
These lines are typically 4 meters apart, defining

THE TRACK
the space in which the athlete can run before
releasing the javelin.

Throwing Arc (Foul Line)

At the end of the runway, there is a curved arc with
a radius of about 8 meters. This arc marks the line
the athlete must not cross during the throw. If they
do, the throw is considered a foul.
DIFFERENT
LINES AND
Sector Lines:
MARKINGS ON
These are two diverging lines extending from the
throwing arc, forming a 28.96-degree angle. The

THE TRACK
javelin must land within these sector lines for the
throw to be valid.

Distance Markers:
The field beyond the sector lines may include
markers (either lines or cones) that indicate throw
distances, helping judges accurately measure the
throw.
THANK
DON'T FORGET TO BE HEALTHY

YOU!! GROUP 4
MLS 2A