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Implementation of health-care monitoring system using Raspberry Pi

Conference Paper · April 2015

DOI: 10.1109/ICCSP.2015.7322668

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 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 2-4, 2015, India

Implementation of Health-care Monitoring

System using Raspberry Pi
Abhilasha Ingole, Shrikant Ambatkar, Sandeep Kakde, Student Member IEEE

 stationary cable connectivity and extension of the system to

Abstract— Devotion towards own body is one of the important under some critical condition was not possible. Also the wired
factor considered in this era. The equipments which provide network link cost more than wireless network. Also the
results at run time and also accuracy maintained are provided by connectivity can be extendable with the use of wireless
the electronic engineers. With the help of new technology of
network, it provides flexibility too [2]. To monitor the patient
Raspberry Pi, health care system can be monitored. In this type of
technology same area network is shared by multiple users which
there is a computer system required in earlier health care
helps in monitoring. Wireless communication is done through Wi- system but according to latest technology of Raspberry pi
Fi which provides flexibility and extendibility. In this paper basic which itself is a mini computer which overcomes this problem.
parameters like body temperature is monitored and is transferred Single kit can manipulate the multiple patients reading and
on webpage to make it locally visible for users. those are allowed to pass on the other uses sharing the same
area network. In this paper the actual system overview is
Index Terms— Health care systems, Raspberry Pi, Wi-Fi, mentioned.
Wireless communication

I. INTRODUCTION II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

T HE technology provides ease in life by providing

facilities. To measure the heath parameter for every
patient every time is not possible manually. So to keep the
Fig 1. Shows the block diagram for health monitoring
system. The system is design to read the body temperature and
heart beat of patient at run time. The system mainly focused
health sound and maintained, different technologies are on collecting the physical parameter and then that information
used which provides facilities. To overcome such type of is made available for multiple users. The results or the
delay in measuring the temperature , if we connect an collected information is sent to multiple users who share same
electronic device with patient body which reads physical area network. Once the user operates his system he will receive
quantity that is temperature and sense it to monitor. Earlier the information which is updated automatically since, the
the health care system was working on analogue input program is a user interface. As the collected data is made
system and output taken from the signal is displayed on available for user, one can refer that data to determine the
CRO or any computer screen. That output data maybe in health condition of patients. Since the system is automatically
analogue form or in digital form. For this type of input and updated after particular time span the data is refreshed and if
output data’s the converter like ADC and DAC are any abnormality arises that may be detected using the alarm
required. Also systems were relied on wired network. This [2].
network is formed with the help of RS232 and RS485.
After that the communication is done through the protocol
like TCP/IP. These protocols were developed further like
I2C bus protocol [1]. The wired network has to pass

Abhilasha Ingole , PG Scholar at Department of Electronics Engineering,

Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur(e-mail:
[email protected])
Shrikant Ambatkar, Asso. Professor at Department of Electronics
Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur(e-mail:
[email protected])
Sandeep Kakde, Asst. Professor at Department of Electronics Engineering,
Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur (e-mail: Fig. 1. Health Monitoring System
[email protected])

ISBN 978-1-4799-8080-2 Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur

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 one data line (and ground) for communication with
A. Introduction to Raspberry Pi microcontroller.

Fig. 2. Raspberry Pi B+ Model [3] Fig. 3. Interfacing of DS18B30 with Raspberry Pi [3]

The Raspberry Pi is a mini computer (consist of processor, The operating temperature range of DS18B20 is -55°C to
graphics card, and memory in a single package). These model +125°C and it provides the accuracy about ±0.5°C over the
was developed in UK ,it is about the size of a credit card. The range of -10°C to +85°C. This sensor derives power directly
board is developed for the users who wanted to use the system from the data line which eliminates the need for an external
without using the computers and any other operating device. power supply to drive the device. Each DS18B20 is provided
Using this board the whole system can be operated only the with a unique 64-bit serial code, this feature allows more than
power source is required for Raspberry Pi board. The one DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus. Thus, to
Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip control several DS18B20s distributed over a large area
(SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz requires only one microcontroller [3].
processor, Video Core IV GPU, and onboard the
256 megabytes of RAM is available. This model is later 2. 1-WIRE BUS SYSTEM
upgraded (Model B & Model B+) to 512 MB. It does not
contain a built-in hard disk but it uses an SD card for booting The 1-Wire bus is a system which has a single bus master
and storage. The Model B+ uses a Micro SD which is the and one or more slaves can be driven. The DS18B20 behaves
advance feature of this era [3]. The SD card must contain the as a slave. The 1-Wire bus has only a single line which is
operating system (Linux), programs and the data needed to run important that each device on the bus be able to drive it at the
the Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi has the functioning according appropriate time. Each device attached to the 1-Wire bus must
to the operating system. Managing the programs and handling have open drain or 3-state outputs. A multi drop bus consists
the inputs, these things are manage by the operating system. of a 1-Wire bus with multiple slaves attached to it. The 1-Wire
This model has features like HD (high-definition) quality bus needs a pull-up resistor of approximately 5 kΩ.
video playback. Also it has sports high quality audio and o has
the ability to play 3D games. This device uses the ARM
processor. The health care system consist of Raspberry Pi B+
model which can interface with different parameters measuring
units. The Raspberry Pi works only on digital values. In this
paper, basic health parameters are considered and monitored.

B. Temperature Measurement unit

1. PRINCIPLE FOR DETECTING BODY TEMPERATURE

To realize distributed body temperature monitoring system is
designed using temperature sensor DS18B20. Body
temperature data is collected with the help of DS18B20
temperature sensor and a 4.7k resistor [3]. This sensor
overcomes the disadvantages like long measurement time, low
monitor precision, etc. The DS18B20 digital thermometer
provides 9-bit to 12-bit Celsius temperature measurements and Fig. 4. Connection of DS18B20 with GPIO pins
also has an alarm function with non-volatile user-
programmable upper and lower trigger points. The DS18B20
device communicates over a 1-Wire® bus which requires only

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 III. HEART BEAT MEASUREMENT UNIT
1. PRINCIPAL FOR DETECTING HEART RATE

Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heart

beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector
is working at that time the LED flashes in unison with each

Fig. 7. Sensor Principle [4]

Fig. 5. Upper View for Heart Rate Measurement Unit [4]

heart beat and shows the status of device. It works on the IV. DESIGN OF HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at USING RASPBERRY PI
each pulse. This digital output is connected to Raspberry Pi by
using 5V to 3.3V level converter/shifter to measure the Beats The detected values should be available for every doctor
per Minute (BPM) rate. For this we need level converter who is appointed for that patient, for this the detected values
because GPIO's of Raspberry Pi work on 3.3V [4]. The sensor should be made local by uploading them on particular
has a super bright red LED and light detector. That LED needs webpage [5-8]. This webpage is refreshed in every second
to be super bright as the maximum light should pass and which shows detected values at runtime. It will contain the
spread in finger and detected by detector. When the heart basic information of the patient and the determined values of
pumps a pulse of blood passes through the blood vessels, then body temperature and pulse rate (which are refreshed at every
the finger becomes slightly more opaque and due to this reason second). The html code is written for creating this webpage.
less light reached the detector. Detected signal varies with Fig 8. shows the webpage showing body temperature and
heart pulse. This variation in signal is converted to electrical heart rate. Other than web page user, one can make use of LX
pulse. This signal is amplified first and then triggered through Terminal to get the values. For restarting and stopping the
an amplifier which shows output +5V logic level signal. The program the commands in LX Terminal can be operated and
output signal is every time indicated by a LED which blinks on manually stopping the program is possible. For controlling the
each heart beat [4]. The target range for this device is the pulse GPIO pins Wiring Pi C is used [8-11]. Interfacing of different
rate needed in order to provide suitable exercise for the heart. measurement units with Raspberry Pi Python is used. Since the
For a 25-year old person, this range is about 140-170 beats per programming in Python is similar to that of C language and
minute while for a 60-year old it is typically between 115 and also user friendly library is available. To share the same area
140 beats per minute [4]. network VNC viewer is used. In this VNC viewer the IP
address of Raspberry Pi model is shared by maximum 4-5
users at a time. One can able to see the status of the system on
LX Terminal.

V. RESULT

Fig 8. Shows the webpage showing health parameters with

patients’ information which is filled by hospitals. The value of
temperature is displayed up to two decimal digits. The
parameters are updated after every second. The abrupt
occurring abnormality can be detected from the previous
Fig. 6. Principle for heart rate measurement [4] value. This paper is based on basic parameter monitoring

1100
without using any bulky system. Only the credit card sized [9] M. Kozlovszky, Bartalis L., B. Jókai, J. Ferenczi, P. Bogdanov,
Zs.Meixner, L. Németh, K.Karóczkai “Personal health monitoring
board supplied with power is placed beside the patient’s bed
with Android based mobile devices” MIPRO 2013, May 20-24,
and the results are seen on the computer screen which is in 2013, Opatija, Croatia
same area network. [10] http://wiringpi.com/
[11] www.ti.com

Fig. 8. Webpage showing Health Parameters

VI. CONCLUSION
The whole health-care monitoring device can be managed
without using the computer system. The same area network
within a hospital is available which is useful for sharing the
data uploaded on the webpage. Further different parameters
can be monitored and this system can be made commercially
useful in hospitals. A single Raspberry Pi board can process
multiple patients data at run time and manually recording the
readings can be avoided. The space required for such system is
very less. Only the economy is required for updating the
website time to time.

REFERENCES

[1] Uvais Qidwai, Junaid Ahsenali Chaudhry, Mohames Shakir,

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Julia Schnepper, Mathias Haefke, and Hartmut Ewald “A Zigbee-
Bases Wearable Physiological Parameters Monitoring System”
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 12, NO. 3, MARCH 2012
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[4] www.sunrom.com/p-556.html
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