Chapter 5

PEB Concept for Medium Span Industrial Building

5.1Introduction
In medium span Pre-engineered Industrial building span range is kept between20m-30m. The
available profiles of slope for medium span industrial building are1:3, 1:6, 1:10 & 1:12.

5.2Case study of medium span pre-engineered industrial building

Utility: Cement Godown
Building width: 20m
Building Length: 60m
Eave height: 6m
C/C of Main frames: 6.67m
Maximum spacing of Purlin & Girt: 1.5m
Slope of Roof: 1:3
Structural material yield stress: 345MPa except bracing rods & Base plate.
Area covered: 20mx60m

10.54 m

6m

20 m

Fig.5.1 Clear Span Rigid Frame

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 57

6m

20 m

Fig.5.2 (a)Elevation

6.67 m

6.67 m

6.67 m

6.67 m
60 m
6.67 m

6.67 m

6.67 m

6.67 m

6.67 m

Fig. 5.2 (b) Plan

Fig.5.2 Plan and Elevation of Medium Span PEIB
Fig 5.2 (a) shows elevation and fig 5.2(b) shows plan having 60 m length and 15 m width and
spacing between them is 6.25 m .Fig (a) having slope roof of 1:13
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 58

Fig.5.3 Three Dimensional View of Medium Span PEIB

5.3 Loading
Imposed Load
As per Table 2 of IS: 875(Part2) UDL on roof measured on plan area for slope greater than 10 o
U.D.L. on roof = 0.78 – 0.02(θ – 10)
As Slope is 18.43o U.D.L on roof = 0.58kN/m2

Wind Load
According to Clause 5.3 of IS: 875(Part3)

Vz = Vb K1 K2 K3

Location assumed – Vijay Wada

Basic Wind speed Vb = 50 m/s
K1= 1.0 i.e. Risk co-efficient from table 1 of IS: 875 (Part3)
K2= 0.82 from table 2 of IS: 875 (Part3)
K3=1.0 Topography factor
Design Wind speedV z=50 x 1 x 0.82 x 1=41 m/sec
Design Wind Pressure P z=0.6 V z2=0.6 x 412=1008.5 N /m2
Calculation of External Pressure Coefficient “Cpe”
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 59

I. 1) Roof
Referring to Table 6 of IS: 875(Part3)
Here h = 6m; w= 20m
Roof Angle18.43o

60 m

20 m

Building Plan
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 60

0.53N 0.40N

Wind along Length

0.72N
0.60N 0.72N
0.60N

Fig.5.4Wind across Length

I. Walls
Referring to Table 4 of IS: 875(Part3)
h/w=6/20=0.3<1/2
l/w=60/20=3.0<4
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 61

a) Wind across Length of Building

0.70N 0.25N

0.60N

Fig.5.5Wind across Length

b) Wind along Length of Building

0.70
N
0.5 N 0.5N

0.10N

Fig.5.6Wind along Length

Calculation Of Internal Pressure coefficient “Cpi”
Considering openings to be <5% of Total Area.
Internal pressure coefficientC pe=± 0.2
5.4 Purlin design
a) Dead Load
Unit wt. /m of sheeting @ 0.06 kN/m2 = 0.06 x 1.5 = 0.09 kN/m
Unit wt. /m or Self wt. of Purlin = 0.07 kN/m
Total Dead Load per meter on each Purlin = 0.17 kN/m (↓)
a) Imposed Load
Imposed Load intensity on Purlin = 0.58 kN/m2
Total Imposed Load per metre on each Purlin = 0.58 x 1.5 = 0.87 kN/m (↓)
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 62

Wind Load
Maximum Wind Load per metre on each Purlin= (0.7+0.2) x1.01x1.5
= 1.39 kN/m (↑)
Since the Slope is very small, all the forces are assumed to act vertically w.r.t. Purlin section
Load Combination1- Dead Load + Imposed Load
Total Load per meter on Each Purlin = 0.16+ 0.87 =1.03 kN/m (↓)
Load Combination2- Dead Load + Wind Load
Total Load per meter on Each Purlin = 0.16 – 1.39=1.23 kN/m (↑)

Hence” Load Combination 2” is more critical

Considering the Purlin as Continuous members with overlap of 285mm on either side for
splicing purpose as shown in figure below:

Fig.5.7Overlapping of secondary members

[https://archinect.com/forum/thread/149971695/primary-vs-secondary-structure]

According to STAAD analysis, Maximum Span Moment= 4.25kN-m

Maximum Negative Moment near support at a distance of 285mm from support=4.4 kN-m.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 63

Fig.5.8
Property of the Z-section selected is as shown below:
TABLE 5.1
Area Thickness Weight/ Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy
metre
8.37sq.cm 2.55mm 6.57Kg/m 439cm4 58.8cm4 46.21cm3 10.01cm3

Checking the above section based on Section 9 of BS: 5950 Part5-1998

1. Overall Depth < 100 t
190mm< 100x2.55
190< 255 (O.K)
2. Overall Width of Compression Flange/ Thickness i.e. B/t ≤ 35
60/2.55= 23.52mm<35mm (O.K.)
3. Width of Lip > B/5
20mm > 60/5
20mm>12mm (O.K)
4. Total Width over both Flange>L/60
60x2>6670/60
120> 111.17 (O.K)
5. Zxx provided> WL/1800cm3
Where W=D.L+L.L=1.03 kN/m
46.21cm3>1.03 x6.67 x6670/1800
46.21 cm3> 25.45 cm3 (O.K)
Checking the above section based on IS: 801-1975.
W/t = (60-2x5.55)/2.55=19.17, considering inside bending radius=3mm
1) Minimum Overall depth required as per clause no.5.2.2.1 of IS: 801-1975.
¿ 2.8 t
6
√ ( w /t ) −281200/f
2
y
But not less than 4.8t
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 64

Here fy= 3450 kg/cm2

¿ 2.8 x 0.255 6 √ ( 19.17 ) −281200/3450=1.83 cm=18.3 mm<20 mm

2

4.8t=4.8x2.55=12.24mm<18.3mm (O.K)

2) Calculation for Laterally unbraced beams

Calculation of effective design width of compressive element as per clauseno.5.2.2.1 of IS: 801-
1975

¿ ( wt )
lim ¿=
1435
√f
=41.4 ¿
Where f = 0.75 x 1600 = 1200 kg/cm2

w = 41.4 x 2.55 = 105.57 mm > (60 – 2x 5.55) i.e. 48.9 mm

Hence full flange is effective in compression.

Referring to clause no.6.3 (b) of IS: 801-1975.

2
L S xc
; Where L = Unbraced Length of the member = 2.23m (considering sag rods at spacing
d I yc
2.23m)

Iyc = Moment of inertia of the compression portion of a section about the gravity axis of the
entire section parallel to the web

=Iy/2=58.8/ 2=29.4 cm4

Sxc= Zxx=46.21 cm3

d =Depth of the section =190mm

2
L S xc 2232 x 46.21
= =4113.81
d I yc 19 x 29.4
2
0.18 π E C b
=1030
fy
2
0.9 π E C b
=5150
fy
Where E= 2 x 106 kg/cm2

fy = 3450 kg/cm2

(A) > (B)

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 65

(A) < (C)

( )
2 2
2 fy L x S xc
Hence F b= f y −
3 2.7 π E C b d x I yc
2

2
2 3450 2
F b= x 3450− 2 2
x 4113.81=1381.26 kg/cm
3 2.7 π x 2. x 10 x 1

2
F b=138.12 N /mm
Referring to Clause no. 6.1 of IS: 801-1975
F (Basic design stress) = 0.6Fy = 0.6x3450 =2070kg/cm2
F = 207 N/mm2
Hence, F b=138.12 N /mm2 is the governing value
Since here Wind load condition is critical,
Fb perm = 1.33 x 1238.12 = 183.7Mpa
6
M 4.25 x 10
Fb = =
Z xx 46.21 x 103
act

F b =91.97 Mpa<189.7 Mpa (safe)

act

Check for Deflection according to M. B. M. A (Due to Live load only)

a) Permissible Deflection due to Imposed load on Purlin as per MBMA = span/240.
6670
δ perm= =27.79 mm
240
Load due to Imposed load only = 0.87x6.67=5.8kN.
b) Calculated Deflection due to Imposed load on Purlin
4 3 3 3
5 xw l 5 xW l 5 x 5.8 x 10 x 6670
δ cal= = = =25.52 mm< 27.79 mm
384 EI 384 EI 384 x 2 x 105 x 439 x 104

Hence found safe when checked for deflection.

Calculation for Shear Stress in web
Referring to Clause .no. 6.4 of IS: 801-1975
h = 190 - (2x2.55) =178.9mm
h/ t=70.15
4590
=78.14 >70.15
√F y
1275 √ F y
F v=
Hence Maximum Average Permissible shear stress, h
t
1275 √1380 2
F v= =675.18 kg/ cm
70.15
Maximum Fy = 0.4 Fy =0.4 x 3450 =1380kg/cm2
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 66

Fv = 67.51N/mm2
Actual Shear stress for Dead Load + Wind Load = 1.93 kN/m
3
1.23 x 10 x 6.67 2
Actual Shear stress= =17.98 N /mm
178.9 x 2.55
= 17.98Mpa< 67.51 x1.33
= 17.98Mpa< 89.78 Mpa

Check for Combined Shear & Bending Stress in Web

Referring to Clause No. 6.4.2 & 6.4.3 of IS: 801-1975

36560000 36560000
F bw = =
()
2
h ( 70.15 )2
t
Fbw= 7429.3 kg/cm2
Fbw= 742.93 N/mm2

F = 0.6 x 33450 = 2070kg/cm2 = 207 N/mm2

√(f bw
2 2
/F bw ) + ( f v /F v ) ≤1.0

√ ( 97.97 /183.7 ) + (17.98 /89.8 ) =0.53 ≤ 1.0 Hence Safe

2 2

Check for biaxial bending since slope is more than 10o

1.39 KN/m (W.L)

0.16 KN/m (D.L)

Slope 1:3 and angle18.43o

W1 = 1.39 kN/m

W2 = 0.16 kN/m.

( w1−w2 cos 18.43 ) x l2

M xx = =5.5 kNm
10

( w2 cos 18.43 ) x l2
M yy = =0.2225 kNm
10
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 67

M xx M yy
Maxm fibrestress= + =141.49 Mpa <0.66 f y (ok )
Z xx Z yy

5.5Side Girt design

Assuming Side Girt spacing = 1.5m

Span of Side Girt = 6.67m

a) Dead Load

Unit weight per meter run of Sheeting @ 0.06 kN/m2 = 0.06 x 1.5 = 0.09 kN/m
Unit weight per meter run for self-weight of Side Girt = 0.07 kN/m
Total Dead Load per meter on each Girt = 0.16 kN/m
b) Wind Load
Maximum Suction Wind Load per meter = (0.5+0.2) x 1.01x1.5=1.06kN/m.
Maximum Pressure Wind Load per meter = (0.7+0.2) x1.01x1.5=1.37kN/m.

Considering the Side Girt as Continuous members with overlap of 285mm on either side for
splicing purpose
2
0.16 x 6.67
M y= Due to Dead Load only
10
My = 0.72kN m

 Gravity load due to Dead Load+ Wind Load = 1.23kN/m

 Horizontal Load due to Wind Load = 1.37kN/m
 Maximum Negative moment = 4.4kNm

M x= ( 1.37
1.23
x 4.4 ) Due ¿ MaximumWind Load only

Mx = 4.9kN m
Sag rods needs to be placed at 1/3 of Span i.e. 2.23m.
Checking the adequacy of Girt section as per BS: 5950- Part 5
The Section as used for girt is. Lipped “Z” Section (20mmx60mmx180mmx2.0mm thick) @
5.07kg/m
Property of the Z-section selected is as shown below:
TABLE 5.2
Area Thickness Weight/metre Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy
6.46 2.0 5.07 311 48.5 34.6 8.2
sq.cm mm Kg/m cm4 cm4 cm3 cm3
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 68

60.000

20.000

180.000
180.000

2.000
2.000

Fig.5.9
1) Overall Depth < 100 t
190mm< 100x2.55
190< 255 (O.K)
2) Overall Depth > L/45
190mm > 138.89mm (O.K)
3) Total width of both flanges > L/60
= 60x2 > 6250 /60
=120 > 104.17(O.K)
4) Overall Width of Compression Flange/ Thickness i.e. B/t £ 35
= 60 / 2.55 = 23.52 < 35 (O.K)
5) Width of Lip > B/5
20 > 60 /5
20 > 12 (O.K)
6) Unity check as per BS: 5950 Part-5
Checking for Design expression for “Z” sheeting rails as per Table 13 of BS: 5950 Part-5
Consider Span as Continuous & two rows of Vertical supports at 1/3 of Span.
WwL WdL
+ ≤1.0
2250 Z x 16880 Z y
Where,
Ww = 1.37x6.67 = 9.14kN Wind Load on Girt causing Tension on inside face.
Wd= 0.16x6.67 = 1.067 or 2 kN whichever is greater.
9.14 x 6670 2.6670
+ =0.78+ 0.09=0.87 ≤ 1.0 Hence Safe
2250 x 34.6 16880 x 8.22
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 69

5.6 End wall Column design

4000 4000
0

6000

4000
20000

Fig.5.10 Gable End Wind Column

Fig 5.10 shows end wall column having bending momemt and spacing of 4 mc/c
The properties of the single section are as listed below
TABLE 5.3
Area in Weight Ixx Iyy Zxx Zyy rxx ryy
2 4 4 3 3
m (kg/m) cm cm cm cm
28.4 22.4 1408 432 156.4 54 7.04 3.9
m2 (kg/m) cm4 cm4 cm3 cm3

X X
180.000

4.000

80.000

Fig.5.11 Combined Section Back To Back

Loadings:
Bending Moment on end wall Column due to Wind load from Gable end side Axial
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 70

Compressive Load due to Self weight of side sheeting, girt etc.

Consider End wall Column spacing 4m c/c
Dead Load
Assume Self weight due to side sheeting and Girt = 0.16 kN/m.
Load at each node (junction with side Girt) on end wall Column 0.16x4 =0.64kN Axial
Compressive Load on end wall column due to Side sheeting & Girt =0.64x4=2.56kN.
Where 4 is the number of Girts
Assume Self Weight of Column = 1.5kN.
Maximum Length of End wall Column =7.33m.
Total Axial Compressive Load = 2.56+1.5=4.06kN.
Wind Load
Wind Load on End wall Column due to Wind influence area
= 4x7.33x0.9x1.01=26.65kN
Consider End wall Column pinned at both the ends.
26.65 x 7.33
Mx = =24.42 kNm
max
8
Shear Force at ends (supports) due to Wind Load = 26.65/2 = 13.32kN
As per clause no. 6.6.3 of IS: 801-1975
KL 1 x 733
= =104.12<200
rx 7.04
KL 1 x 150
= =38.46<200
ry 3.9
Considering Compression Flange restrained at 1.5m spacing c/c
Finding out “Fa1” i.e. Permissible average compressive stress as per Clause no.6.6.1.1of IS: 801-
1975

C c=
√ 2 π2 E
Fy
=
√
2 π 2 x 2 x 10 6
3450
=107

Calculation of Effective design width of Compression element as per Clauseno.5.2.1.1 of IS:

801-1975.

( wt )
lim ¿=
1435 1435
√f
=
√20
¿

Considering Actual Stress in Compressive element f = 20kg/cm2

( wt )
lim ¿=321∨w=321 x 4=1284¿

Q=1.0
Where Q = Effective Design Area / Full or Gross Area.
Steel thickness used is 4mm> 2.29mm.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 71

KL
=82.95< Cc =107
r
KL
As <C caccording to Clause no. 6.6.1.1. (b) of IS: 801-1975.
rx

( ) ( )
2
KL
r
1− 2
Fy
2 (C c )
Fa =
( ) ( )
3
1
KL KL
5 3 r r
+ x − 3
3 8 Cc 8 (C c)

Fa =
( 1−
( 104.12 )2
2 ( 107 ) )
2
x 3450
3
=947.78
kg
2
=94.78 N /mm
2

5 3 ( 104.12 ) ( 104.12 ) cm
1

+ x − 3
3 8 107 8 ( 107 )
Permissible Axial Compressive under Wind Load = 94.78x1.33 =126.05Mpa.
4060
Actual Axial Compressive Stress= 2
=1.42 Mpa
28.4 x 10

Calculation for Permissible Compressive Bending Stress

As per Clause no. 6.3 of IS: 801-1975

F (Basic design stress) = 0.6Fy = 0.6x3450 =2070kg/cm2 = 207 N/mm2

Under Wind Load Condition Fb= 207 x 1.33 = 275.31N/mm2

( wt ) lim ¿=
1435 1435
=
√ f √1500
=37¿
Where f = 0.75 x 2000 = 1500 kg/cm2

w = 148 mm > 66 mm Hence Full flange is effective in compression.

Referring to Clause no.6.3 (a) of IS: 801-1975.
L = 1.5m is Unbraced Length i.e. Spacing of side Girts.
Sxc = Zxx =156.4 cm3
I yy 432 4
I yc = = =216 cm
2 2
2
L S xc 1502 x 156.4
= =905 (1)
d I yc 18 x 216
2
0.36 π E C b
=2060 (2)
Fy
2
1.8 π E Cb
=10299 (3)
Fy
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 72

(1) < (2)

(1) < (3)
Hence,
Fb = 275.31 N/mm2
6
24.42 x 10
F bc = 3
=156.138< 275.31 Mpa
act
156.4 x 10

Unity Check
Referring to Clause no. 6.7.2 Of IS: 801-1975,
fa 1.42
= =0.0112< 0.15
F a 126.05
1

f b 156.138
= =0.56
Fb 275.31
1

fa fb
+ < 1.0
Fa Fb 1 1

fa fb
+ =0.57<1.0 Hence Safe
Fa Fb 1 1

Check for Deflection

Permissible Deflection due to Wind load on Column as per MBMA
span 7330
δ allow = = =61.08 mm
120 120
Calculated Deflection due to Wind load on Column
4 3 3 3
5 xw l 5 xW l 5 x 26.65 x 10 x 7330
δ cal= = = =48.53 mm< 61.08 mm
384 EI 384 EI 384 x 2 x 105 x 1408 x 10 4
Hence the Column is found safe when checked for Deflection.
5.7 Eave Beam design
Maximum Wind force on Gable end= (0.7+0.2)x1.01x(20x6+0.5x20x3.33)=139.34kN.
Axial Compressive force at each corner i.e. on each Eave Beam=139.34/4=34.84kN.
b) Wind force due to drag by Clause no.6.3.1 of IS: 875 PART 3-1987
d = 50m b = 15m h = 5m
h<b; d/h =50/5 =10 > 4
'
C f =0.04
' ' '
F =Frictional drag force=C f ( d −4 h ) b P d +C f ( d−4 h ) 2b P d
'
F =0.04 x (60−4 x 6 ) x 20 x 1.01+0.04 x ( 60−4 x 6 ) x 2 x 6 x 1.01=46.54 kN
Therefore Frictional Drag force on each Eave Beam = 46.54/2=23.27 kN.
Total Maximum Axial Load on Eave beam = 34.84 + 23.27 = 58.11kN.
The Cross-section selected as Eave beam is as shown below:
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 73

50.000

3.1500

180.000

Fig.5.12
The property of the Lipped C section is as listed below:

TABLE5.4
Area in cm2 11.1
Weight (kg/m) 7.24
Ixx 413cm4
Iyy 28.3cm4
Zxx 45.9cm3
Zyy 7.82cm3
rxx 6.69cm
ryy 1.75cm
Cyy 1.38 cm
Xo 3.66 cm
J 0.38cm4
Cw 1840cm6

Referring to Clause no.6.6.1.2 of IS: 801-1975.

2 2 6
π E π x 2 x 10
σ ex = = =17766
( ) ( )
2 2
KL 223
rx 6.69

r o =√ r x 2 +r y 2 + X o2=√ 6.692+ 1.752+ 3.662=7.82 cm

[ ] [ ]
2 2 6
1 π EC w 1 π x 2 x 10 x 1840 kg
σ t= 2
GJ+ 2
= 2
795000 x 0.38+ 2
=1521 2
A ro ( KL ) 11.1 x 7.82 ( 223 ) cm
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 74

2
¿ 193.63 N /mm

( ) ( )
2 2
xo 3.66
β=1− =1− =0.78
ro 7.82
1
σ TFO= [
2 β ex t √ 2
( σ +σ )− ( σ ex +σ t ) −4 β σ ex σ t ]
1
σ TFO=
2 x 0.78
[ ( 17766+1521 )− √( 17766+1521 )2−4 x 0.78 x 17766 x 1521 ]=1491 kg /cm2
2
σ TFO=149.1 N /mm
kg kg
σ TFO=1491 2
<0.5 cf y =0.5 x 3450=1725 2
cm cm
F a =0.522 σ TFO
2

F a =0.522 x 1491=778.3
2

kg
F a =1.33 x 778.3=1035.14 2
cm
2

( wt ) lim ¿=
1435 1435
=
√ f √750
=52.4 ¿

Where f = 0.75 x 1000 =750kg/cm2is actual stress in compressive element.

W = 52. 4x 3. 15=165 mm >164.25 hence full flange and web are effective incompression.
Actual Axial compressive stress under Wind Load
3
58.11 x 10 N N
58.11kN = 2
=52.35 2
<103.51 2
11.1 x 10 mm mm
Hence above section was found safe for axial compressive Stress.
Finding out Fbpermas per Clause no.6.3. (a) of IS: 801-1975.
2
L S xc
d I yc
Iyc = Iy/2 = 28.3/2 cm4
Sxc = Zxx=45.9 cm3
d = 180 mm=18 cm
L = 223 cm
2
L S xc
=8962 (1)
d I yc
2
0.36 π E C b
=2060 (2)
Fy
2
1.8 π E Cb
=10299 (3)
Fy

(1) > (2) and (1) < (3)

( )
2 2
2 fy L x S xc
F b= f y −
3 2.7 π 2 E C b d x I yc
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 75

2
2 3450 2
F b= x 3450− 2 6
x 8968=1300 kg /cm
3 5.4 π x 2. x 10 x 1
F bperm =130 x 1.33=172.9 Mpa
Considering Eave beam as simply supported
( 0.7+0.2 ) x 1.01 x 3.33 x 6.67
Wind Load on Eave beam= =10.09 kN
2
10.09 x 6.67
M x= =8.42 kNm
8
6
8.42 x 10
Actual Bending Stress= 3
=183.45 Mpa
45.9 x 10
Total Compressive Stress = 183.45+52.35= 235.8Mpa< 0.6 x 345 x 1.33 (O.K)
Total Compressive Stress=235.8Mpa< 275.31 Mpa; Hence Safe
5.8 Bracings design

Fig.5.13 Bracings design

[https://www.steelconstruction.info/Braced_frames]
Total Maximum Axial Load on Eave beam = 39.458 KN.

θ=tan−1 ( 6.25
6.25 )
=45 o

58.1 58.1
Force∈Vertical Bracing member= = =125 kN
cos θ cos 45
Using “X” Bracings at both ends Fy = 250 Mpa
3
58.1 x 10 2
Areareqd = =145.64 mm
2 x 0.6 x 250 x 1.33
Using 24 mm Diameter Rod,
2
0.8 xπx 24 2 2
Area provided = =362 mm >145.64 mm Hence Ok
4
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 76

Using 24 mm Dia Rod @ 2.47 Kg/m

5.9 Main frame design

Load Calculation
a) Dead Load:
Dead weight (Roof Sheeting & Purlins) on frame is considered as 0.1 7kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.17 x 6.67 = 1.14 kN/m (↓)
Nodal Loads on Column at Girt Points = 0.17 x 1.5 x 6.67 = 1.7kN (↓)
Total Load transferred by Girt & Sheeting on Column = 1.7 x 3 = 5.1kN
Where 3 is the no. of Girts

b) Service Load:
Service Load on the Rafter is considered as 0.1 kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.1 x 6.67 = 0.667kN/m(↓)

c) Imposed Load:
As θ<10oLive Load = 0.58kN/m2
Hence, Loads on rafter as U.D.L = 0.58 x 6.67 = 3.87kN/m(↓)

d) Wind Load:

0.2N
0.33N

0.9N
0.05N

Wind across Length

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 77

0.6N
0.73N

0.45N
0.5N

Wind across Length

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame

0.52N 0.52N

0.30N 0.30N

Wind along Length

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 78

0.92N
0.92N

0.70N 0.70N

Wind along Length

In this due to wind space forces acted from each frame
The loads considered are dead load, live load, service load and wind load.
Loads considered:
1) Dead Load

114 KN/M

0.85 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (a) Dead Load

Fig.5.14(a) shows Dead load having uniform distributed load over the entire span.
2) Live Load
 TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 79

394 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (b) Live Load

Fig.5.14(b) shows live load having uniform distributed load over the entire span.

3) Service Load

0.667 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (c) Service Load

4) Wind Load -1 (windward)

4.92 KN/M 4.04 KN/M

3.37 KN/M
3. 03 KN/M
Figure-5.14(d) Wind Load -1
(windward)

Fig 5.14 (d)shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it

5) Wind Load -1(Leeward)

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 80

4.92 KN/M
4.04 KN/M

3.37 KN/M 3.37 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (e) Wind Load -1(Leeward)

Fig 5.14 (e) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it

6) Wind Load-2(Windward)

3.23 KN/M 1.34 KN/M

6.06 KN/M 0.34 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (f) Wind Load-2(Windward)

Fig 5.14 (f) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
7) Wind Load-2 (Leeward)
2.20 KN/M
1.34 KN/M

6.06 KN/M
0.34 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (g) Wind Load-2 (Leeward)

Fig 5.14 (g) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it

8) Wind Load-3
 TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 81

4.72 KN/M
6.19 KN/M

4.72 KN/M
4.72 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (h) Wind Load-3

Fig 5.14 (h) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it
8) Wind Load-4

3.50 KN/M 3.50 KN/M

2.02 KN/M 2.02 KN/M

Fig.5.14 (i) Wind Load-4

Fig 5.14 (i) shows lateral load and vertical point load both acting on it

Load Combination
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 82

The STAAD analysis has been carried out considering the following combination of Individual
load cases:
1) D.L + L.L +S.L
2) D.L +W.L1 (windward)
3) D.L + W.L1(leeward)
4) D.L + W.L2(windward)
5) D.L + W.L2(leeward)
6) D.L+W.L3
7) D.L+W.L4

2.99

4.50 Member 5

3.00 Member 4
Member 6
Member 3
5 Member 7
Member 2 4 6

3 8
7
2

Member 1
6.000 Member 8

1 9

The Maximum Designed Axial force, Shear force and Bending moment for the Four members is
as shown below:

TABLE 5.5
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 83

Member no. Axial force (kN) Shear force (kN) Moment (kNm)
1 69.8 (C) 30.6 158.3
2 44.7(C) 50.5 158.3
3 44.6 (T) 32 47.2
4 45 (T) 15 48.5
5 45 (T) 15 48.5
6 44.6 (T) 32 47.2
7 44.7 (C) 50.5 158.3
8 69.8 (C) 30.6 158.3

The Frame with configuration of all eight members is as shown below:

The Depth of flange, web thickness and flange width are kept constant throughout the
Pre-engineered Lean to portal frame

Properties Of Members Of The Frame

TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 84

TABLE 5.6
Member Depth of Depth of Width of Thickness of Thickness of
no. Section at Section flange flange web
Start Node at End Node
1 200 mm 450 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
2 450 mm 250 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
3 250 mm 250 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
4 250 mm 300 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
5 300 mm 250 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
6 250 mm 250 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
7 250 mm 450 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm
8 450 mm 250 mm 200 mm 10 mm 6 mm

3-D VIEW OF CLEAR SPAN RIGID FRAME

Checks To Be Performed For Frame
1) Unity Check for combined action of axial tension and bending stress.
By performing above checks the four members were found to be safe.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 85

2) Check for Deflection.

As per MBMA Maximum permissible Horizontal Deflection due to Wind Load onlyfor the
frame = h/60 to h/ 100.

Maximum permissible Horizontal Deflection due to Wind Load only for the frame =6000/60 to
6000/ 100= 100 mm to 60mm.

As per MBMA Maximum permissible Vertical Deflection due to Live Load only forthe frame =
span/240 = 20000/ 240 = 82.33 mm.

The frame was checked for horizontal Deflection at nodes “2” &”4” for Wind Loadand was
found Safe.

The frame was also checked for Vertical Deflection at node “3” for Live Load andwas found
safe.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 86

Weight Of Members Of Lean To Frame

The weight of all members in a” LEAN TO FRAME” is as shown below:

TABLE 5.7

Member no. Profile Length Weight of Member in tonnes

1 Tapered 6m 0.2687

2 Tapered 2.99 m 0.1375

3 Tapered 4.54 m 0.187

4 Tapered 3m 0.1276

5 Tapered 3m 0.1276

6 Tapered 4.54 m 0.187

7 Tapered 2.99 m 0.1375

8 Tapered 6m 0.2687

Total Weight of all Members 1.45

The Final Weight of Lean to frame including Stiffeners, Splice plates will be1.15 times the total
weight of all members. Therefore Final Weight of the” LEAN TOFRAME” will be 1.15x 1.45 =
1.67 Tonnes.

Connections
Detailed Design of different Connections like Main frame base Plate, Gable end Column base
plate, Splice plate connection, Bolt design etc. are not covered to limit the size of the problem.
Bolt used for the Connections is “HTFG” i.e. High tension friction grip bolts.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 87

Code used for Connection design is “IS- 3757”.

The table below gives the members adopted for the design of PEIB with Medium Spanand frame
spacing 6.25m.

TABLE 5.8
Sr.
Items Section/Size Material
No.

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x180x2.0 345 Mpa

4 Girt End wall Column Side Lipped Z 20x60x180x2.0 345 Mpa

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x180x3.15 345 Mpa

Combined Lipped
6 End wall Column Combined 345 Mpa
C20x80x180x4

7 Bracing 24 mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx350mm 250 Mpa

11 Base Plate End wall Column 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa

12 Anchor plate Mainframe 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa

13 Anchor plate End wall Column 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa

14 Foundation Bolt Mainframe 4 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa

Foundation Bolt End wall

15 2 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 88

5.10Parametric Studies of Low Span PEIB

A Parametric investigation has been carried out by changing the Spacing of the frame. Three
cases have been studied by increasing the frame spacing from 6.67m to7.5m and then to 8.57m
and slope from 1:12, 1:10, 1:6 to 1:3.

6.67 7.50 8.57

6.67 7.50
8.57

6.67
7.50
8.57
6.67
7.50

6.67 8.57
7.50
6.67
8.57

7.50
6.67

8.57
7.50
6.67

7.50 8.57
6.67

20.00
20.00 20.00

CASE I CASE II CASE IIII

Fig.5.15Parametric Studies of Low Span PEIB

All three cases are solved by changing the slope of the frames. Slopes considered are 1:3, 1:6,
1:10 and 1:12.The total cases solved are twelve by changing the parameters viz. slope and frame
spacing.
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 89

CASE 1: FRAME SPACING “6.67m” & SLOPE 1:3

TABLE 5.9

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa
Side
5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x125x3.2 345 Mpa

End wall Column Combined Lipped

6 345 Mpa
Combined C20x80x180x4

7 Bracing 20mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx300mmx350mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall

11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column

Anchor plate Main

12 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame
Anchor plate End wall
13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column

Foundation Bolt Main

14 4 no.'s M20dia450mm long 250 Mpa
frame

Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M16 dia450mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 90

CASE 2: FRAME SPACING “7.14m”.

TABLE 4.10

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x190x2.55 345 Mpa
Side

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x125x3.2 345 Mpa

End wall Column
6 Lipped C20x80x180x4 345 Mpa
Combined

7 Bracing 20mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx350mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall

11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column

Anchor plate Main

12 8mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame

Anchor plate End wall

13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column

Foundation Bolt Main

14 4 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
frame

Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M16 dia 500mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 91

CASE3: FRAME SPACING “8.33m”

TABLE 5.11

Sr. No. Items Section/Size Material

1 Main frame Built up I-section 345 Mpa

2 Purlin Lipped Z 20x60x240x3.15 345 Mpa

3 Side Girt Lipped Z 20x60x230x2.55 345 Mpa

Girt End wall Column

4 Lipped Z 20x60x230x2.55 345 Mpa
Side

5 Eave beam Lipped C 20x50x150x3.2 345 Mpa

Combined Lipped
6 End wall Column 345 Mpa
C25x80x180x4

7 Bracing 18mm dia rod 250 Mpa

8 Sag Rod Roof 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

9 Sag Rod Sides 10mmx1.7m 250 Mpa

10 Base Plate Main frame 16mmx250mmx300mm 250 Mpa

Base Plate End wall
11 10mmx180mmx210mm 250 Mpa
Column
Anchor plate Main
12 9mmx90mmx90mm 250 Mpa
frame

Anchor plate End wall

13 6mmx80mmx80mm 250 Mpa
Column

Foundation Bolt Main

14 4 no.'s M18dia600mm long 250 Mpa
frame

Foundation Bolt
15 2 no.'s M18dia600mm long 250 Mpa
End wall Column
TGPCET/CIVIL/2019-20 92

7.730

5.000

Elevation

15m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m
50 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

6.25 m

Plan
Figure-5.17Plan and Elevation of Conventional Industrial Building

4.11 Observation for Low Span PEIB:-

 For Low Span Pre-engineered Industrial building covering an area of 15mx50m with slope of
frame 1:12 & Eave height of 5m optimized spacing was found to be 7.14m.