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Induction Heater-7

The document discusses the operation of an induction heater, focusing on the relationship between the inverter drive voltage and the tank current at resonance. It explains the effects of inductive and capacitive reactance on current and voltage waveforms, including issues like ringing and solutions to mitigate these problems. Additionally, it includes sketches of the half-bridge inverter and the impact of switching delays on voltage behavior.

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andriyani.sabiq
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7 views

Induction Heater-7

The document discusses the operation of an induction heater, focusing on the relationship between the inverter drive voltage and the tank current at resonance. It explains the effects of inductive and capacitive reactance on current and voltage waveforms, including issues like ringing and solutions to mitigate these problems. Additionally, it includes sketches of the half-bridge inverter and the impact of switching delays on voltage behavior.

Uploaded by

andriyani.sabiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/22/25, 9:53 PM Induction Heater

Oscilloscope Tracings
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The inverter outputs a drive voltage to the coupling transformer. The current in is
in phase with the current out. When the tank is at resonance, the tank current is in
phase with the drive current of the coupling transformer, and is in phase with the
inverter input voltage. If anything, you want the current to slightly lag the voltage
because the mosfets behave better when facing an inductive, rather than a
capacitive, load. This has to do with the mosfets conducting in the reverse
direction. The tracing below is clean and allows me to reach very high power
levels while maintaining relatively cool mosfets.

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Now, if the tanks is above resonance we have more inductive reactance. The tank's net current will lag the
driving voltage from the coupling transformer. Since the input and output current of the coupling
transformer are in phase, the tank's current is lagging the inverter driving voltage. Below you can see the
dominating inductive reactance results in the inverter current (triangle-looking wave) is almost 90 degrees
lagging the inverter voltage (square wave).

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If we are below the resonant frequency capacitive reactance results in the current leading the inverter
voltage. Also, there is ringing in the current waveform and at the inverter voltage transitions. This noise gets
worse with higher power levels and can result in mosfet failure.

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Below is another example of ringing. You can see ringing on the voltage at the transition and on the current
waveform. I have positioned them apart for easier viewing. This is due to high inductance on the gate.
Heavy current on the gate causes a large Ldi/dt. The problem can usually be solved by either increasing the
gate resistance (increase the resistor value), or decrease the stray inductance by shortening the gate lead. I
was able to almost eliminate the ringing by shortening the gate lead, but then I did not have enough length
for connecting two in parallel. So I changed the value of R from 5 ohms to 10 ohms. The first image is with
the 5 ohm gate resistor. I was still able to charge the gate with 10 ohms in a sufficiently short amount of time
at 15v.

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These images show the waveform after the fix: shortening the gate leads as much as possible to still allow
room for paralleling two of them and increasing the gate resistor from 5R to 10R. Notice the clean voltage
square wave and the smooth current curve. The second image is a blow-up of the first.

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Below is a basic sketch of the half-bridge inverter. The coil in the middle is the coupling transformer to the
resonant tank. The arrows show the paths the current takes as the switches alternate between closed-open
and open-closed.

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Below are two sketches. Sketch I shows ringing if there is too long of a delay during switching. If the next
switch does not close in time, the inductive kick will drive the voltage too high, causing an overshoot,
followed by a large dip when it finally closes. Sketch II shows profound voltage sagging in the middle of the
waveform. I had this happen when the decoupling capacitors went bad, shorting the current path. The
capacitors are needed to remove any DC component from the pulse.

I would like just mention that the inductive waveforms is really an exponential curve. If we can approximate
the tank above resonane as a RL circuit responding to a step response

The solution to

is

Analysis of a capacitor dominant RC circuit will yield something similar. When dealing with a RCL step
response one has

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and the 2nd order differential equation is

and the general solution is

If the system is underdamped the solution has the form:

V(t) = e-αt(Bcos(ѡt) + Bsin(ѡt))

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