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Development of the Portable Shake Table for Simulating Building Characteristic

under Earthquake Condition

Article in IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series · August 2019

DOI: 10.12962/j23546026.y2019i3.5834

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16 IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026)
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

Development of the Portable Shake Table for

Simulating Building Characteristic under
Earthquake Condition
Munarus Suluch1, Fauzi Imaduddin Adhim2, Ciptian Weried Priananda2, Lucky Putri Rahayu2, Mahfud
Kurnianto2, Singgih Cantona2, and Moh. Jauhari3
Abstract—In the last few decades, massive earthquakes, which that experience ground motion in the event of an earthquake
can damage many homes and buildings, have often occurred. To [2].
slow down or prevent damage from earthquakes, various This Portable Shake Table has two actuators, each of
technologies are needed. From this technology, simulators of which is driven by a DC motor. These two actuators are
ground motion from earthquakes can be used to remind people controlled by the controller connected to the LabVIEW
of the dangers of earthquakes. This paper introduces a portable software on the computer. It is hoped that this tool can help
earthquake simulator to simulate two-dimensional ground determine whether the structure or model can withstand
motion from an earthquake. Focusing on the design concept, actual earthquakes if the seismic shock table modeling
structure, and features of this new simulator, the author
system is accurate enough to predict and simulate similar
discusses its implementation and verifies its feasibility with the
results of the initial experiments.
ground motions [3]. The project is also expected to help
provide solutions to cases of small earthquake incidents that
Keywords—Building Characteristic, Earthquake Simulation, are not strong enough to cause building collapse.
Portable Shake Table.
II. CONTROL STRATEGY
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Displacement Control
Indonesia is a region that is traversed by two mountain Most of the design of portable shake tables requires
routes that make this region seismically active in the world. control signals with a high degree of precision, which
Thus technology and activities to reduce the risk of depends on the ability of the controller system on this table.
earthquakes are needed. Because most earthquake damage is In this study two control variables are applied as a control
the collapse of buildings and infrastructure, it is very control for portable shake tables. The signal generation
important to evaluate the existing seismic capacity and then process is implemented in this project which involves
rehabilitate it accordingly [1]. adjusting some control parameters and preconditions of the
An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when input movement to optimize the drive signal for the
suddenly releasing energy in the earth's crust creates seismic portable shake table. The first step of the signal generation
waves. This disaster can cause a variety of damage ranging process is used to adjust the movement on the X axis and Y
from sensitive equipment such as medical equipment in axis. The second step is to send the signal through the
hospitals, machinery in the industry to infrastructure controller to drive a DC motor actuator.
buildings such as the collapse of office buildings and bridge
damage. In addition, earthquakes can cause other disasters B. Control of Vibration Amplitude Determinants
such as landslides and tsunamis that cause damage to coastal Some researchers developed an un-axial shake table that
areas. uses electro-hydraulic actuators as drive components seem
This study aims to design and develop Portable Shake to have non-linearity which causes harmonic distortion
Tables that are used to mimic the various types of acceleration which results in low control performance and
earthquake ground motion that exist from recorded system accuracy [2][4]. In this study vibration length is
earthquake data. This tool is used as the main experimental controlled based on the magnitude of the deviation
approach to mimic earthquake vibrations for the assessment amplitude and DC motor speed. The vibration amplitude
of building performance, structural or non-structural models control system uses an open loop system, so that only the
input signal is given without the need to verify the results of
1
Munarus Suluch is with Department of Civil Engineering, Institut the vibration generated by assuming the DC motor works
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia. E-mail: well.
[email protected].
2
Fauzi Imaduddin Adhim, Ciptian Weried Priananda, Lucky Putri III. CONCEPT DESIGN & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Rahayu, Mahfud Kurnianto, Singgih Cantona are with Department of
Electrical Automation Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, A. Operating the Portable Shake Table System
Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
3
Moh. Jauhari is with Department Industrial Electric Engineering
The portable shake table system is known as an
Politeknik Negeri Madura (POLTERA), Sampang, Indonesia. earthquake simulator that is used to reproduce or produce
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026) 17
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

seismic movements similar to ground motion in the event of impact of the horizontal component of an earthquake is to
an earthquake. This phenomenon is then recorded so that compare the structural response between fixed-base and
civil engineers and fields can place their products on the base-isolated. Configuration under several types of
vibrating table as test specimens to evaluate and improve earthquake ground motion. Structural responses can be
the seismic response of the product and the ability to expressed with several dynamic parameters such as basic
withstand vibrational movements. From Figure 1 below, to acceleration, basic displacement, roof acceleration, and roof
reproduce vibrations, a known plate board must be moved displacement as shown in Figure 3.
within a certain period of time by a DC motor actuator. This
plate must allow linear movement that moves on each of the
specified axes.

Figure 3. Shaking response for structures with fixed-base (left

side) and Elastomer base (right side).

Figure 1. Design of Portable Shake Table System. The basic structure will still experience almost complete
To reduce the complexity of the control system, portable seismic input energy generated by a portable shake table
shake tables must be constructed to produce one-translation that results in a vibration experience on test specimens.
movements to move test specimens. The electrical input Whereas, the basic structure of elastomers to eliminate
signal is generated by the computer through the vibration energy minimizes the amount of seismic wave
microcontroller and inserted into the actuator to ensure the energy transmitted from the ground to the structure to form
desired linear motion that mimics the ground shaking stability during seismic events. Elastomers are mounted
motion. The concept of producing periodic vibrations is to below the test specimen for the purpose of seismic
convert electrical seismic signals into mechanical motion isolation, rigid plates should be installed between the
through an electro-mechanical actuator in the form of a DC structure and the top of the elastomer to ensure that the
motor to simulate a vibrating ground motion to test the bearings acting in concert to produce even distribution of
specimen. forces throughout the elastomer.

B. Control System of Portable Shake Table D. System Architecture

Arduino Mega Driver and
The proposed methodology applies the concept of Personal Computer as
2560 as Signal
Human Machine Interface
positioning to control the linear motion of a table vibrating Microcontroller Conditioner

through a DC motor as an actuator. Based on Figure 2

below, the reference signal shows the input seismic signal Portable Shake Motor DC as
Table Actuator
generated from the time-shifting trendline created from the
Figure 4. System architecture of proposed Portable Shaking
earthquake database. As an open loop system, the controller Table.
sends a position signal to the linear actuator to cause
mechanical movement in the portable shake table. V. FINAL DESIGN & SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Position Control Mechanical Movement A. Implementation of Prototype
Reference Signal (Output)
(Input)
Controller
Motor DC as Portable Shake The proposed portable shake table mechanism is shown in
Actuator Table
Figure 4. This portable shake table has two axis as the x
Figure 2. Design of Control System for Portable Shake Table. axis and the y axis, each of which is driven by a DC motor.

Portable shake tables are driven by an electric linear

actuator in the form of a DC motor that seems stable
enough when used in an open loop configuration. Although
there are some researchers who build an feedback system in
an actuator such as a speed encoder to stabilize the
movement of the actuator rod to produce a more stable.
C. Procedure for Testing the Performance of Elastomers
The standard test procedure for analyzing and evaluating
the ability of elastomers to protect specimens from the Figure 5. Final design of structure portable shake table system.
18 IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026)
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

TABLE 1. Figure 8 shows the simulation scenario of the

SPECIFICATIONS OF PORTABLE SHAKE TABLE SYSTEM
shaking table using wooden pole dummy building. As
Specifications of System Design Value of Specification
Shaking direction Double axis horizontal motion
predicted earlier that the displacement of every floor’s
Dimension of shake table 640mm × 550mm movement could not be recorded since the poles were
Thickness of shake table 25mm quite indestructible, especially with normal speed of
Operating Load 100kg vibration conducted in the experiments.
Factor of safety 1.5
Design Load 150kg
Figure 9 shows the simulation scenario of the
Peak displacement ±270mm shaking table using iron ruler pole dummy building.
Operating Voltage 0V – 24V (with decreasing The ruler is thin so it can be bent easily even with small
available amplitudes) vibration produced by the movement of the table’s
joint. But unfortunately the ruler can only bent in one
axis. So when the experiments conducted, the
displacement can only be observed in one direction. In
further development, the ruler may be replaced with
multidirectional material, so when the experiments run,
we can observe the attitude of the building more
realistic.

Figure 6. Building dummy with wooden pole.

Table 1 shows the specification of the shaking table

designed in this research. The table joints may travel up to
270 mm. This table was designed to be operated properly
for up to 100kg of load. The experiments conducted in this Figure 9. Displacement simulation using iron ruler pole dummy
building.
research use the dummy building with wooden pole (Fig. 6)
and iron ruler pole (Fig. 7). B. Design of Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Figure 7. Building dummy with iron ruler pole.

Figure 10. Design of Human Machine Interface (HMI) for portable shake
table system.

VI. CONCLUSION
This paper presents the development of a space-saving
portable shake table. The mechanism of table movement and
the effectiveness of table movements are regulated by the
HMI on the Personal Computer. In the proposed Portable
shake table system, the table displacement reference for each
actuator is generated on the basis of input from the user via
Figure 8. Displacement simulation using wooden pole dummy building.
the HMI that is passed on by the microcontroller. DC motor
actuator movement is controlled by motor driver. This paper
The only problem with wooden pole dummy building proposes a portable shake table mechanism as a laboratory
is that the displacement of every floor of the building is scale prototype. This portable shake table is shaken
hardly observable. horizontally based on two X and Y axes.
 IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series No. (3) (2019), ISSN (2354-6026) 19
International Conference on Engineering, Advance Science and Industrial Application (ICETESIA) 2018
September 6-7 2018, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

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[2] M. Stehman and N. Nakata, “Direct Acceleration Feedback Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,”
Control of Shake Tables with Force Stabilization,” J. Earthq. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, 1955.

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