2023 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology

Design and Analysis of Shunt Passive Filter for

Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation
Alok K. Mishra* Pradip K. Nanda Debiprasanna Das
EEE Dept., ITER ECE Dept., ITER EE Dept., ITER
(SOA University) BBSR, India (SOA University) BBSR, India (SOA University) BBSR, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Akshaya K. Patra Narayan Nahak Lalit M. Sathapathy

EEE Dept., ITER EE Dept., ITER EEE Dept., ITER
(SOA University) BBSR, India (SOA University) BBSR, India (SOA University) BBSR, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
2023 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology (APSIT) | 979-8-3503-3936-9/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/APSIT58554.2023.10201759

Abstract—The main cause of supply voltage distortion is due to 1. It provides a high impedance path to the tuned
the extensive use of power electronics based loads in almost all frequency.
types of residential, commercial and industrial customer. The 2. It does not itself create any system resonance.
power electronics based loads draw harmonic current from the 3. It does not introduce any harmonics from other
source. In order to reduce the harmonic currents entering into
nearby sources.
the distribution systems Passive filters are widely used. To
present the complete design procedure of Shunt Passive Filter 4. It also enhances the accurate power factor as well as
this article has been written again in this article a 5th, 7th single the displacement power factor.
tuned and a 11th and 13th double tuned shunt passive filter is
connected in a 3Φ three wire power system supplying power to • Disadvantages of Series Filter
a nonlinear load in order to reduce the harmonics and to
compensate the reactive power. The performance parameters 1. It must have to carry the full rated load current.
are obtained showing the better response after the connection 2. It is not so effective excluding turned frequencies.
Passive filter.

Keywords—Shunt Passive Filter, Series Passive Filter, • Shunt Passive Filter

Harmonic Compensation, Power Quality. As compared to Passive Series Filter, a incredibly smart
I. INTRODUCTION technique to organize the harmonic propagation into the
system by the use of Passive shunt filter which are usually
For harmonic alleviation Shunt Active Power Filter designed by a series arrangement of capacitor and inductor as
(SAPF) is a much better option [1]. Passive filters are widely given in Fig. 2. It provides a low impedance path to the
used even these days for harmonic mitigation as active harmonics to which it is turned and generally it is referred as
filtering is quite costly [2]. Passive filters provide a cheap a sink in order to take up the current produced by the
solution for the same [3]. As the name passive the Passive
harmonic load [8]. Again it is able to filter definite tuned
filters are constructed from resistors, inductors, and
frequencies for example 5th, 7th, 11th, etc.
capacitors known as the passive element [4]. These filters are
exceptionally appropriate for use in 3Φ four wire distributed
electrical power systems [5]. Passive filters are classified in
to shunt and series filters [6].
• Series Passive Filter
When the basic aim of the filters is to put a stop to a
particular frequency from entering into a power system, we
can use series filters. In a series filters a capacitor and an
inductor connected in parallel and presents huge impedance
to achieve the above objective [7]. The basic block diagram Fig.2. Passive Shunt Filter
of a series filter is as shown in Fig.1.
• Advantages of Shunt Filter
1.
It provides a low impedance path to flow the tuned
frequency.
2. It must not have to carry the full rated load current.
3. It also enhances the accurate power factor as well as
the displacement power factor.
4. It has the capability to produce a precise harmonic
component required by the load.
• Disadvantages of Shunt Filter
Fig.1. Passive Series Filter
1. It does itself create the system resonance.
2. It introduces the harmonics from other nearby
nonlinear type load.
3. A numbers of filters are required to get the required
• Advantages of Series Filter harmonic limits.

979-8-3503-3936-9/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE

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347
 as given in Fig. 3. In the next sections the detailed design
The shunt connected Passive filters are classified as band- procedure of single and double tuned filters are discussed
pass, high pass, single tuned, double tuned and C-type filters [9].

Fig.3. (a) Single Tuned Filter (b) Double Tuned Filter (c) High Pass Filter (d) C-Type Filter

II. DESIGN OF PASSIVE SHUNT FILTER LC

Q= (4)
A. Design of Single Tuned Passive Shunt Filter R
It should be noted that from (4) the value of the resistance
The Single Tuned Filter (STF) is known to be the simplest is chosen based on quality factor. We know that the tuned
(in design) and cheapest (in implementation) among the frequency in Eq. (2) should be chosen greater than the
group of shunt passive filters [7, 10]. The STF is generally a parallel resonance frequency represented in Eq. (5) where
band pass or a low pass type of filter as shown in Fig. 4. the source inductance is Ls .
1 1
f resonance = (5)
2π ( Ls + L)C

B. Design of Double Tuned Shunt Passive Filter

Fig. 4. Single Tuned Filter
The basic configuration of a double tuned filter is depicted
Equation (1) gives the impedance of a STF from Fig. 4. in Fig. 5.
 1 
Z filter = R + j  ωL −  (1)
 ωC 
The tuning frequency can be calculated from (1) as in (2)
1
f tuned = (2)
2π LC
The first step is to select the capacitor size with a realistic
power factor with rated line voltage in order to design the
STF. In (3), the rated line voltage and the capacity of
reactive power is represented by VLL and “ kVAR filter ”
respectively. Fig.5. Double tuned filter
2
VLL The first step is to select the parameters such as: the system
Xc = (3)
kVAR filter voltage V , the tuned frequencies ω1 and ω2 and the
One more parameter needs to be defined for STF design reactive power Q in order to design the double tuned filter.
i.e. the quality factor Q which actually gives the filter
Again ω p the parallel resonance frequency must be selected
sharpness. The quality factor Q which can be
ω1 and ω2 . Eq. (6) represents the series resonance
mathematically represented as:
frequency ω s .

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348
 ω1ω2  ω2 + ω2 − ω2  
ωs = C2 = C1  − 1
(6) 1 2 p 
ωp (9)
 ω 2  
 s  
The value of capacitor C1 is given by Eq. (7) (taking
The value of L2 , is as shown Eq.(10) , can be calculated
notinto account the capacitors dielectric fatalities and
reactors resistance) after getting C1 or C 2 .
 V 1  ω1 + ω2 − ω p 
2 2 2 2
 ωp  1
C1 =  ω f 
1
  − L2 = = (10)
ω ω
 1 2

 ωf Q ω 2pC2 ω 2pC1  ωs2 

 
In this manner the parameters for the design of passive
+
( )
 ω f ω 12 + ω 22 − ω 2p ω p − ω12ω 22  V
 (7) filters are selected
 ω 2 2
ω ( ω 2 2
ω ) Q
 1 2 p s  III. SHUNT PASSIVE FILTER SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
In Eq. (7) ω f represents the fundamental angular frequency.
Based on the design procedure given above [7] a 5th ,7th
After getting C1 , from Eq. (7) L1 can be calculated from Eq. single tuned and a 11th and 13th double tuned shunt passive
(8). filter has been designed and connected to a 3Φ three
2 wiresystem for harmonic reduction as shown in Fig. 6. As
 ωp  1 per the design procedure the requirement of reactive power
L1 =  
 (8)
 ω1ω2  C1 is taken 2KVAR. Further the same is divided into 1KVAR
for 5th, 0.5KVAR for 7th, 0.25KVAR for 11th, 0.25KVAR
The value of capacitor C 2 is given by Eq. (9):
for 13th harmonic filter.

Fig.6. Passive Shunt Filter System

current is improved a lot with a THD of 17.5% which can be
IV. SIMULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION verified from Fig. 8. Some of the performance parameter
In order to examine the act of proposed Passive Shunt also tabulated in Table 1.
Filter System used for harmonic reduction and to
compensate the reactive power A Shunt Passive filter TABLE I. Performance Parameters
system model is developed in simulink.The load chosen is
of nonlinear type designed with a bridge rectifier and Performance THD P Q Power
resistor in the dc side. From the Fig. 7 it can be verified that Parameter % Kw VAR Factor
when the filter is not connected the load and source current Without Filter 25.14 8.609 581.30 0.9673
is exactly same and is of highly distorted with a THD of With Filter 17.50 8.372 69.30 0.9679
25.14%. The harmonic analysis is also shown in Fig. 7. For
harmonic reduction passive filter is connected, the source

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349
 Fig.7.Simulated results without Filter

V. CONCLUSION composed of two Single Tuned (5th, 7th) and one Double
Tuned (11th and 13th) filter. It can be observed that the
In this manuscript the complete design procedure of reactive power supplied from the source has been decreased
Single Tuned and Double Tuned Passive Shunt Filter is from 581.3 VAR to 69.3 VAR and the source current THD
presented as these two are often used for harmonic has also reduced from 25.14% to17.5% because of the
compensation because of its simple design steps compared presence of passive filter. In the future work we go for
to high pass and C-type filters. Again a passive shunt filter design and implementation of the high pass and C-type
is being implemented in simulink for harmonic reduction filters for power quality improvement.
and to compensate the reactive power. The passive filter is

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350
 Fig.8.Simulated results with filter

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