21st Century Literature from

the Philippines and the World

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Representative Texts and Authors from Latin America
First Edition, 2020

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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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 21st Century Literature from
the Philippines and the World

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 4
Representative Texts and
Authors from Latin America
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World,
Grade 11 Module 4 on Representative Texts and Authors from Latin America!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the CityGovernment of Pasig through its mayor,
HonorableVictorMa. Regis N. Sotto. Thewriters utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World,
Grade 11 Module 4 on Representative Texts and Authors from Latin America!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations– Thispoints to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge aboutthe lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review ofconcepts

and skills that you already knowabout a previous lesson.

Lesson- This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up- This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing- This partintegrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This is your self-instructional module in 21st Century Literature from the

Philippines and the World. All the activities provided in this lesson will help you
differentiate/compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres like
Fiction and Non-Fiction citing their elements, structures and traditions.

Specifically, you will learn about the following:

1. identify representative texts and authors from Latin America;

2. read and understand the details given to be able to answer varied
activities; and
3. develop appreciation of literary texts and authors from Latin American.

PRETEST
Identify the author being referred to by the given statement. Choose and
write the letter of the best answer to the space before the number.

A. Carlos Fuentes Macias C. Mario Vargas Llosa

B. Julia Alvarez D. Gabriel Garcia Marquez

__________1. Whose writing were based on experiences as a Dominican in the

United States and focuses heavily on issues of assimilation and identity.

__________2. A novelist, playwright, and essayist who was also a candidate for
presidency in Peru, but never won.

__________3. He was known as Gabo and considered as one of the greatest authors
of 20th century.

__________4. The famous writer and supporter of Latin American Boom.

__________5. A Mexican novelist, essayist and one of the most admired writers in
Spanish speaking world.

RECAP

You have learned about the representative texts and authors from Europe.
Let us try your understanding of the previous lesson by answering this activity.
 Identify at least 3 Authors, a one sentence description of each and example
title of written text.

Authors (1) Title of Written text Description of Author/s

1.
2.
3.

LESSON

Latin American Literature consists of the oral and written literature of

Latin America in diverse languages, like Spanish, Portuguese and the Indigenous
languages of the Americas in particular. So, basically Latin is the base language of
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and French. It became globally prominent during the
second half of the 20th century, largely because of the international success of the
style known as Magical Realism. Since the region’s literature was much
associated only with the 20thcentury literary movement known as Latin American
Boom which was actively supported by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Latin American
literature is rich with culture and social commentary and like many cultures Latin
American stories revolve around Universal Themes based on life experiences like
poverty, family and relationship loyalties, gender roles, social protest and
exploitation, religion and magical realism.

History
Latin American Literature has a rich and complex tradition of literary production
dates back many centuries.
Pre-Columbian Literature were primarily oral, while the Aztecs and Mayans
produced elaborate codices.
Colonial Literature when Europeans encountered the New World, early explorers
and conquistadores produced written accounts of crónicas of their experience, like
Columbus’s letters or Bernal Diaz del Castillo’s description of the conquest of
Mexico.
Nineteenth Century Literature was the period of foundational fictions. Novels in
the Romantic or Naturalist traditions which attempted to establish a sense of
national identity and focused on the role and rights of the indigenous or the
dichotomy of “civilization or barbarism”. It was also the time of gradual increase in
women’s education and writing that brought more women writers to the forefront.
Modernismo, the Vanguards, and Boom precursors emerged in the late 19th
century was a poetic movement whose founding text was the Nicaraguan Ruben
Dario’s Azul. This was the first Latin American literary movement to influence
literary culture outside the region and was also the first truly Latin American
Literature in which the national differences were no longer so much at issue.In
poetry, it had been the renovation of poetic form and techniques, extending the use
of free verse. Avant-Garde also vanguadria (fore - guard) was the next artistic
movement after Modernismo which instituted a radical search for new, daring,
confrontational themes and shockingly novel forms.
The Boom was a literary movement of the 1960s and 1970s, after World War II,
Latin America enjoyed increasing economic prosperity, and a new-found confidence
also gave rise to a literary boom. Boom writers ventured outside traditional
narrative structures, embracing non-linearity and experimental narration. It
launched Latin American Literature onto the world stage, andit was distinguished
by daring and experimental novels.
Post-Boom and Contemporary Literature is characterized by a tendency towards
irony and humor and towards the use of popular genres. Some writers felt the
success of the Boom to be a burden, and spiritedly denounced the caricature that
reduces Latin American literature to magical realism. Contemporary literature in
the region is vibrant and varied, ranging from the best-selling Paulo
Coelho and Isabel Allende to the more avant-garde and critically acclaimed work of
writers such as DiamelaEltit, and GianninaBraschi.

Here are the 21st Century Representative Texts and Authors from Latin
America

Gabriel Garcia Marquez (6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a famous

Columbian novelist, short story writer, journalist, screenwriter and a Nobel Prize
winner in 1982 for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the
realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a
continent’s life and conflicts. He was familiarly known as “Gabo” and considered as
one of the greatest authors of the 20 th century. He had written the most endearing
and memorable stories of magic realism in Latin American fiction: One Hundred
Years of Solitude, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Love in time of Cholera, and Autumn
of the Patriarch. He was Neustadt International Prize for Literature (1972) and Nobel
Prize in Literature awardee (1982).

Carlos FuentesMacías (11, November 1928- 15 May 2012) was a Mexican

novelist and essayist. He was described by The New York Times as “one of the most
admired writers in the Spanish Speaking World” and an important influence in the
Latin American Boom while The Guardian called him “Mexico’s most celebrated
novelist. His many literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, Belisario
Dominguez Medal of Honor (1999) as Mexico’s highest award and was often a
candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won. Among his works
are The Death of Artemio Cruz, Aura, Terra Nostra, The Old Gringo and Christopher
Unborn.
Mario Vargas Llosa– (28 March 1936) is a Peruvian Spanish writer whose
commitment to social change is evident in his novels, plays, and essays and was
awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. He was an unsuccessful candidate for
president in Peru year 1990. He wrote about this experience “A Fish in the Water: A
Memoir” (1993) and became a citizen of Spain and was awarded the Cervantes
Prizeof the same year. Despite his new nationality he continued to write about Peru
in such novels “The Notebooks of Don Rigoberto” (1997), The feast of the Goat (2000,
filmed 2005), The Way to Paradise (2003) The Bad Girl (2006), The Dream of the Celt
(2010), The Discreet Hero (2013) and The Neighborhood (2016). In 2015, Vargas
Llosa also made his acting debut at the Teatro Real in Madrid, where he appeared
as a duke in Tales of the Plague his stage adaption of Giovanni Boccaccio’s
Decameron.

Julia Alvarez (27 March 1950) is a Dominican-American poet, novelist, and

essayist. Many literary critics regard her to be one of the most significant Latina
writers and she has achieved critical and commercial success on an international
scale. Alvarez rose to prominence with her novels How the Garcia Girls Lost Their
Accents (1991), In the Time of the Butterflies (1994), and Yo! (1997). Her works as a
poet include Homecoming (1984), and The Woman I kept to Myself (2004) and
Something to Declare (1998) was her autobiographical compilation as an essayist.
Her notable award was the National Medal of Arts (2014) from President Obama.
Many of Alvarez’s works are influenced by her experiences as a Dominican in the
United States and focuses heavily on issues of assimilation and identity. Her
cultural upbringing as both a Dominican and an American is evident in the
combination of personal and political tone in her writing. She is known for works
that examine cultural expectations of women both in the Dominican Republic and
the United States, and for rigorous investigations of cultural stereotypes.

Read and analyze the sample Text entitled Love in the Time of Cholera written by
Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Love in the Time of Cholera

Dr. Juvenal Urbino, the City of the Viceroy's most esteemed doctor, is sent to
examine the body of his close friend and finest competitor at chess, Jeremiah
Saint-Amour, who has killed himself at the age of sixty so that he will not grow old.
The Doctor returns home and discovers that his pet parrot has escaped from his
cage to the top of the mango tree outside. Dr. Urbino climbs a ladder to the branch
on which the parrot sits, but just as he grasps the parrot, the Doctor falls to his
death. Florentino Ariza professes, for a second time, his "eternal fidelity and
everlasting love" to the Doctor and his wife, Fermina Daza. Fermina is horrified by
such an insensitive display, and, for the first time, realizes the magnitude of the
"drama" she had provoked at the age of eighteen.

Although Fermina Daza may have erased Florentino Ariza from her memory, he has
not stopped thinking of her since their long, troubled love affair ended fifty-one
years, nine months, and four days ago. Florentino first meets Fermina when he
delivers a telegram to her father, Lorenzo Daza, who is notorious for his shady
dealings. After watching Fermina, always accompanied by her Aunt Escolástica,
walk to school each day from the Park of the Evangels, Florentino works up the
courage to approach her one day. He asks that she accept a letter from him, but
she refuses because she is obligated to get her father's permission. He demands
that she "get it," which she does the following week. Florentino decides to give her a
subdued note (instead of the sixty-page letter he had originally written) in which he
resolutely declares his love for her. He is in agony as he awaits her reply but is
overjoyed when Fermina finally answers approvingly.

In the two years that follow, Fermina and Florentino see one another only in
passing, though they write love letters daily. Florentino proposes marriage to
Fermina, and again her reply is favorable. Fermina is caught writing a love letter by
the Mother Superior at her academy and is expelled. Lorenzo finds love letters in
Fermina's room and as punishment, banishes Escolástica and forces Fermina to
accompany him on a long journey, not to end until she has forgotten about
Florentino. On the journey, Fermina meets and befriends her older cousin,
Hildebranda Sánchez, who helps Florentino and Fermina communicate via
telegraph messages.

Florentino hardly recognizes Fermina upon her return from the long journey,
because, now seventeen, she has matured into a woman. He sees her in the Arcade
of the Scribes and approaches her. When Fermina sees him, she is suddenly
disgusted with him and with herself for ever having been foolish enough to love
him. Coolly, she tells Florentino to "forget it." Florentino tries once more to woo
Fermina, but to no avail. In the fifty-one years, nine months, and four days that
follow, not once does Florentino have the chance to speak or see his beloved
Fermina in private. Initially, he vows to save his virginity for only Fermina, but after
being seized by Rosalba aboard a ship to a faraway city, he turns to sex to
ameliorate the pain he feels at having lost Fermina. He returns home, intent upon
once again making her his own. Meanwhile, he conducts affairs, however secret,
with innumerable women, though he is rumored to be a homosexual.

Dr. Urbino courts Fermina, who resists his affections. Lorenzo Daza forces the
Doctor upon his daughter, and she reluctantly concedes. When Florentino hears
that Fermina is to marry a prestigious physician, he vows to make himself worthy
of her. His uncle, Don Leo XII Loayza, gives him a job at the River Company of the
Caribbean, of which, after thirty years, Florentino becomes President. Fermina and
the Doctor honeymoon in Europe for three months. When Fermina returns, she is
pregnant with her first child. Despite his determination to win Fermina, Florentino
continues his lustful affairs with other women, whom he finds at the transient
hotel and on the trolley. It is on the trolley that he meets Leona Cassiani, whom he
mistakes for a whore. Leona asks him only for a job, which he gives to her.

Florentino realizes that he must wait, without violence or impatience, for Dr.
Urbino to die before he can win over Fermina. When in public, he is greeted by Dr.
Urbino with familiar cordiality, though Fermina lends only a courteous glance or
smile, and without memory of their past. Fermina and the Doctor appear to be a
very happy couple, but in reality, they are quite dissatisfied. The unhappy but
stable marriage is rocked when Dr. Urbino conducts a four-month affair with
Barbara Lynch, though he ends it when Fermina confronts him with her knowledge
of it. Infuriated by her husband's infidelity, Fermina goes to live with Hildebranda
on her ranch. The Doctor arrives at the ranch unannounced to take Fermina, who
is overjoyed by his arrival, home with hi m.
Upon the Doctor's accidental death, Florentino, now elderly, abruptly ends his
affair with fourteen-year-old América Vicuña and, at Dr. Urbino's wake, professes
his "eternal fidelity and everlasting love" to Fermina. After having banished him
from her home in anger, she sends him a hateful letter. He responds with a
meditation on life and love, which helps her overcome her grief. Gradually, after a
letter correspondence, they rekindle their relationship and spend afternoons
together in Fermina's ho me. Florentino asks Fermina to accompany him on a river
voyage, and she accepts. On the voyage, Florentino and Fermina finally make love.
As the ship reaches its last port, Fermina sees people she knows and frets that if
they see her with Florentino, it will cause scandal. Florentino orders the Captain to
raise the yellow flag of cholera, which he does. There remain no passengers on
aboard but Fermina, Florentino, the Captain, and his lover. No port will allow them
to dock because of the supposed cholera outbreak aboard, and they are forever
exiled to cruise the river.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Using the graphic organizer, list down the title of works below to its
corresponding authors in each column.

Carlos Fuentes Mario Vargas Gabriel Garcia

Julia Alvarez
Macias Llosa Marquez

A. One Hundred Years of Solitude G. Terra Nostra

B. How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents H. Homecoming
C. A Fish in the Water: A Memoir I. Autumn of the Patriarch
D. The Death of Artemio Cruz J. Love in the Time of Cholera
E. The Notebooks of Don Rigoberto K. The Bad Girl
F. In the Time of the Butterflies L. The Old Gringo

Activity 2: Appreciation of the sample text: Answer the comprehension questions

about the story “Love in the Time of Cholera”.

1. Who is the main character in the story? Describe the main protagonist in the
story.
2. Does love In the Time of Cholera have anything to do with cholera? Explain.
 3. Explain how the novel equates to lovesickness with cholera. How is love
comparable to illness?
4. Why did Florentino order the captain of the ship to raise the flag? What was
the significance of the yellow flag during that time?

Activity 3: Appreciation of the sample text: Based on the ending of the story, what
do you think had happened to Florentino and Fermina in the boat? Predict an
ending by doing any of the following tasks:

1. How would you like to end the story? Write a 10-15 sentences as a
continuation ending of the story, whether good or bad.
2. Create a comic strip depicting the scenario inside the boat where Florentino
and Fermina stayed.

WRAP-UP

To wrap everything up about the lesson, create a timeline presenting

the rich and complex tradition of literary production of Latin American Literary
history.

https://www.template.net/business/timeline
-templates/timeline-template-for-student/

VALUING

At your young age, maybe some of you already experienced a lot of

hardships in life and witnessed the difficulties of others as well, especially during
this time of pandemic. But despite what is happening around us, humanity still
prevails.