GUJARAT TEHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY
Affiliated

SAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL

INSTITUTE

A Project report on

DESIGNING THE HEALTH CARE

APP
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
Under subject of
DESIGN THINKING (BE01000071)
SEMESTER-I
(COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED BY:-
1 KASHISH SONI (24CEO90)

2 NENSI SAGAR (24CE091)

3 HET PRAJAPATI (24CE088)
4 BHAVYA PANCHAL (24CE089)

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 CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE DISSERTATION ENTITLED “DESIGNING THE HEALTH

CARE APP” HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT BY KASHISH SONI (24CE090), NENSI SAGAR
(24CE091), HET PRAJAPATI (24CE088), BHAVYA PANCHAL (24CE089). UNDER BY
GUIDANCE FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER ENGINEERING (SEM-I) OF GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
AHMEDABAD.

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

Internal Guide Head of Department External Guide

Prof. RAVI RAITHATHA Prof. NILI PATEL

[COMP. DEPARTMENT] [AS&H, SETI]

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude to everyone who gave us the every possible
guidance and help to learn more about which imparted more knowledge about the topic.

DESIGNING A HEALTHCARE APP. First of all we would like to thank

Department Of Computer Engineering of our institute for giving permission to
commence this project.

We would like to specially thank to Prof. RAVI RAITHATHA for their guidance and
encouragement who spent long hours on our report in addition to regular work.

We are grateful to have the valuable assistance of our internal guide for consistently
providing us with all the tools and software necessary for our project to be completed.
It is our great pleasure to introduce you to our design thinking project report.

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 INDEX

Chapter 1 Introduction 6
1.1 Activities 8
1.1.1 General Impression / Observation
1.1.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes
1.2 Environment 10
1.2.1 General Impressions / Observations
1.2.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes
1.2.3 Scene
1.3 Interactions 12
1.3.1 General Impressions / Observations
1.3.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes
1.4 Objects 14
1.4.1 General Impressions / Observations
1.4.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes
1.4.3 Inventory of Key Objects
1.5 Users 16
1.5.1 Stake holders
1.5.2 Activities

1.6 Process Information Canvas 18

1.6.1 Users
1.6.2 Stake holders
1.6.3 Activities
1.7 Story Boarding 20
1.8 Ideation Canvas 22
1.8.1 People
1.8.2 Activities
1.8.3 Props / Possible Solutions
1.8.4 Situation / Context / Location
1.9 Product Development Canvas 24
1.9.1 Purpose
1.9.2 People
1.9.3 Product experience
1.9.4 Product functions

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 1.9.5 Product features
1.9.6 Customer revalidation
1.9.7 Reject, Redesign, Retain

Chapter 2: Literature Review 29

2.1 Online Appointment Booking
2.2 Availability Of Medical Equipments
2.3 Doctor Profile According To Their Speciality
2.4 Availability Of Medicines At Low Rate
2.5 Maintain Patient Profile Effective
2.6 Overall Hospital Management

Chapter 3 Problem Identification 30

Chapter 4 Problem Solution 31
4.1 Design Principles
4.1.1 User-Centric Designs & Reliability
4.1.2 Scalability & Proactive Safety
4.1.3 Sustainability & Cost-Effectiveness

Chapter 5 Conclusion 34
Chapter 6 References 35

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 Chapter 1
Introduction

Designing a healthcare app for booking appointments involves creating a

seamless, user-friendly experience that caters to a wide range of patients,
from tech-savvy individuals to those less familiar with digital tools.
The app should allow users to quickly find available healthcare providers,
view schedules, and book appointments with ease.
Important features include personalized provider recommendations, real-
time availability updates, and integration with insurance information to
streamline the process.
Additionally, the app can incorporate reminders, telemedicine options, and
secure payment methods, ensuring convenience for both patients and
healthcare professionals.
A key focus in the design process is accessibility, ensuring the app is
intuitive and usable for people of all ages and abilities.
By solving common pain points, such as scheduling delays, missed
appointments, and communication gaps, a well-designed healthcare
booking app can significantly enhance the patient experience, foster trust,
and contribute to better health outcomes.

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Observation Record sheets like:-

1. A - Activities

2. E - Environment

3. I – Interaction

4. O – Object

5. U – Users

6. Empathy Mapping Canvas

7. Ideation canvas

8. Product development canvas

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1.1 Activities

1.1.1 General Impression / Observation:

- Booking Consultation
- Viewing Schedule
- Managing Reminders
- Cancelling Appointments
- Searching Doctors

1.1.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes

- Booking Screen
- Search Bar
- Calendar View
- Confirmation Page
- Appointment Details

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9
1.2 Environment

1.2.1 General Impressions / Observations

- Clinic Interface
- Home Usage
- Mobile App
- Hospital Kiosks
- Telemedicine Platform

1.2.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes

- Home Page
- Clinic Interface
- Appointment Section
- Telemedicine Screen
- Waiting Room Display

1.2.3 Scene
- Home Setup
- Clinic Waiting Room
- Hospital Kiosk
- Telemedicine Setup
- Office Setup

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11
1.3 Interactions

1.3.1 General Impressions / Observations

- In-app notifications
- Calendar Integration
- Chat with Doctor
- Push Alerts
- Confirmation Message

1.3.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes

- Notifications
- Chat Interface
- Buttons
- Voice Commands
- Feedback Forms

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13
1.4 Objects

1.4.1 General Impressions / Observations

- Appointment Slots
- Doctor Profiles
- Payment Option
- Prescription Lists
- Medical History
-
1.4.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes
- Doctor Profiles
- Appointment Slots
- Medical History
- Prescription Details
- Payment Gateway

1.4.3 Inventory of Key Objects

- Doctor Profiles
- Appointment Slots
- Medical Records
- Prescriptions
- Patient Profiles

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15
1.5 Users

1.5.1 General Impressions / Observations

- Patients
- Doctors
- Receptionists
- Admin Staff
- Caregivers

1.5.2 Elements, Features and Special Notes

- Profile Creation
- Role-Based Dashboards
- Patient Doctor Chat
- Appointment Management
- Family Member Accounts

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17
1.6 Process Information Canvas

1.6.1 Users
- Administrative Staff
- Pharmacist
- Doctors
- Insurance Provider
- Nurses
- Healthcare Providers
- Patients

1.6.2 Stake holders

Stake holders mean the person who shows interest in products.

- Medical Groups
- Healthcare Providers
- Clinics
- Hospitals
- Government Agencies
- Insurance Companies

1.6.3 Activities
- Immediate Response
- Prescription of Medicine
- Making Appointments
- Providing Immediate First Aid
- Call with Doctor
- Online Payment
- Profile Creation
- Lab Test
- Manage Patient Records

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19
1.7 Story Boarding:

Happy Story 1: Peace of Mind at the Tap of a Button

A young mother, worried about her child’s fever, opens the healthcare app from her
kitchen. She quickly finds a paediatrician, selects an appointment for the next
morning, and gets a confirmation notification. Relieved, she returns to caring for her
child with peace of mind.

Happy Story 2: Health on the Go: A Traveller’s Relief

A business traveller, stressed about a lingering cough, opens the app while at the
airport. He finds a doctor near his hotel and books a slot for his arrival day. He
receives a confirmation email and smiles, knowing his health will be addressed despite
his hectic schedule.

Sad Story 1: Lost in the Complexity: A Struggle with Technology

An elderly woman, struggling with technology, opens the app to book a doctor's visit.
Confused by the complex interface, she accidentally selects the wrong time. Frustrated
and anxious, she calls her daughter for help, feeling overwhelmed by the process.

Sad Story 2: Tech Glitch: A Father's Frustration with Missed Appointments

A young father, needing to see a specialist, opens the app during lunch at work. After
filling in all his details, the app crashes just before confirming the appointment. He
sighs in frustration, knowing he’ll have to start over and possibly miss the
appointment slot.

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21
1.8 Ideation Canvas

1.8.1 People
- Compounder
- Doctor
- Cleaners
- Security Guards
- Nurses
- Medical Students
- Patients

1.8.2 Activities
- Blood Bank
- Free Consultation
- Using Government Policies For Free Medicines
- Ayushman Card Approval
- Regular Check-ups
- School Health Card Approval

1.8.3 Props / Possible Solutions

- Bed Availability In Emergency
- Mobile Apps
- Day Care
- Medical Personnel Visitor
- Ambulance Availability
- Doctor Availability
- Qualified Nurses
- Hygiene Maintaining

1.8.4 Situation/Context/Location
- Pharmacy
- Clinics
- Government Hospitals
- Blood Bank
- Laboratory
- Private Hospitals

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23
1.9 Product Development Canvas

1.9.1 Purpose
- To improve road safety and animal welfare by effectively monitoring, tracking,
and managing stray cattle to prevent accidents and ensure humane relocation.

1.9.2 People
- Nurses
- Doctors
- Compounders
- Patients
- Family Members
- Ward Boy

1.9.3 Product experience

- Reliable For Users
- Quick Response for Patients And Doctors
- Easy To Handle
- User-Friendly Apps

1.9.4 Product functions

- Call/Chat With Doctors
- Guidance For Emergency Situation
- Availability Of Blood
- Efficient Multitasking Doctors
- Availability Of Beds
- Insurance And Billing

1.9.5 Product features

- Free Consultation
- Online Medicine Availability
- Online Appointment Booking
- Diet Plans
- Personal Health Records

1.9.6 Customer revalidation

- Availability Of Wheelchair

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 - Effectiveness Of Symptom Checker
- Timely Alert Notification
- App Stability

1.9.7 Reject, redesign, retain

- Reject
 Negative User Feedback
 Maintenance Difficulty
 Delayed Notification Alerts
 Difficulty In Appointment Scheduling

- Redesign
 Simple UI (User Interface)
 Cloud Report Storage
 Digital Prescriptions
 Regular Updates

- Retain
 Collaborations
 Public-Private Partnership
 Funding For R&D
 Doctors Committee For Flawless Administration & Management

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26
1.10 AEIOU Summary

1.10.1 Activities
- Booking Consultation
- Viewing Schedule
- Managing Reminders
- Cancelling Appointments
- Searching Doctors

1.10.2 Environment
- Clinic Interface
- Home Usage
- Mobile App
- Hospital Kiosks
- Telemedicine Platform

1.10.3 Interactions
- In-app notifications
- Calendar Integration
- Chat with Doctor
- Push Alerts
- Confirmation Message

1.10.4 Objects
- Appointment Slots
- Doctor Profiles
- Payment Option
- Prescription Lists
- Medical History

1.10.5 Users
- Patients
- Doctors
- Receptionist
- Admin Staff
- Caregivers

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28
 Chapter 2
Literature Review
Research papers

2.1 Online Appointment Booking

2.2 Availability Of Medical Equipments

2.3 Doctor Profile According To Their Speciality

2.4 Availability Of Medicines At Low Rate

2.5 Maintain Patient Profile

2.6 Effective Overall Hospital Management

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 Chapter 3
Problem Identification

 User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) Challenges: Healthcare apps
cater to a diverse group of users, ranging from tech-savvy young adults to
elderly individuals who may struggle with technology. Designing an intuitive
interface that is accessible and easy to navigate for all users can be difficult.

 Data Privacy and Security Compliance: Healthcare apps handle highly

sensitive personal and medical data, making data security and compliance with
regulations like HIPAA (in the U.S.), GDPR (in Europe), and other local
healthcare laws critical.

 Integration with Existing Healthcare Systems: Healthcare apps often need to

interact with other systems like electronic health records (EHR), pharmacy
databases, or insurance platforms, which can be fragmented and operate on
different standards.

 Appointment Scheduling and Availability Management: Developing a

reliable appointment scheduling system that accurately reflects real-time
availability and accommodates cancellations, reschedules, and emergency visits
can be technically challenging.

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 Chapter 4
Problem Solution
To address the challenges in developing a healthcare app, it's essential to prioritize
user-centric design by creating an intuitive interface that accommodates users of all
ages and tech-savviness, featuring clear navigation and guided workflows.
Implementing cloud-based infrastructure ensures reliability and scalability, allowing
the app to handle high traffic while maintaining performance; adopting a modular
architecture further enables independent updates and expansions. Additionally,
proactive data privacy and security measures should be in place, including end-to-
end encryption and compliance with regulations like HIPAA and GDPR to protect
sensitive health information. Finally, incorporating regular testing and user
feedback will help continuously improve the app, ensuring it meets the evolving
needs of users while maintaining a focus on safety and usability.

4.1 Design Principles

4.1.1 User-Centric Design

 Simplified and Accessible Interface: Ensure the app's design is intuitive and
easy to navigate for all users, especially those with limited tech experience, such
as the elderly. Features like larger icons, clear navigation, and guided prompts
can reduce confusion. Implement "clickable walkthroughs" and voice assistants
for hands-free navigation for users with disabilities or limited mobility.
 Personalization: Use adaptive UI that adjusts based on the user’s behavior and
preferences. For example, allow frequent users to skip steps in appointment
booking and provide recommendations for doctors or services based on
previous interactions.
 Multi-language Support: To accommodate a diverse user base, provide
content in multiple languages, and ensure culturally sensitive design to appeal to
global or local audiences.

Reliability

 Robust Infrastructure: Use cloud-based technology to ensure the app runs

smoothly even during peak times. Implement load balancing to manage traffic
surges, especially during health crises, ensuring that the app remains stable and
responsive.

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  Offline Access: Allow the app to function partially offline, for example,
enabling users to view appointment details or medical history even without an
internet connection. This feature increases reliability in regions with poor
connectivity.
 Testing and Continuous Monitoring: Regular performance testing (stress
tests, user flow testing) and monitoring of uptime using monitoring tools will
prevent crashes and reduce instances where users lose data (e.g., during
appointment bookings).

4.1.2 Scalability

 Modular Architecture: Develop the app using a microservices architecture,

allowing individual components (e.g., appointment scheduling, medical records)
to be scaled independently. This enables faster updates and easier maintenance
as demand grows or changes.
 Cloud-Based Resources: Utilize cloud services like AWS, Google Cloud, or
Azure to scale resources dynamically. As user demand increases, additional
computing resources can be allocated on-demand, preventing slowdowns or
outages.
 Interoperability Standards: Build the app with standard APIs (e.g., HL7,
FHIR) to ensure easy integration with new healthcare systems, pharmacies, or
third-party services, enabling future expansions without major rework.

Proactive Safety

 Encryption and Secure Authentication: Implement end-to-end encryption

for all communications, ensuring patient data is protected in transit and at rest.
Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for access, reducing the risk of
unauthorized access.
 HIPAA and GDPR Compliance: Ensure the app is fully compliant with
relevant data privacy laws, both in terms of technical measures (data
anonymization, secure backups) and user controls (opt-in/opt-out for data
sharing).
 User Education: Provide in-app safety tutorials on recognizing phishing
attempts, securing accounts, and managing permissions for sharing health data
with third-party services.

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4.1.3 Sustainability

 Energy-Efficient Design: Optimize the app’s code and architecture to

minimize energy consumption. Lightweight apps are more sustainable, using
fewer server resources and requiring less power on the user’s device, which is
particularly beneficial for users on mobile or older devices.
 Data Minimization: Collect and store only essential data to reduce the app’s
data storage footprint. This not only supports sustainability goals by reducing
cloud storage energy use but also limits the risk of data breaches.
 Lifecycle Management: Implement a sustainable update cycle with careful
planning of features to avoid unnecessary updates. Regular but small updates
ensure app longevity without requiring users to constantly download large new
versions, reducing their device's resource use.

Cost-Effectiveness

 Use Open-Source Tools and Frameworks: Leverage existing open-source

solutions and libraries to reduce development costs. For example, using open-
source security frameworks can reduce costs while maintaining high standards
for safety.
 Agile Development: Adopt agile development methods, allowing for
incremental updates and faster response to issues. This reduces the cost of large-
scale reworks and ensures the app evolves based on user feedback and needs.
 Preventive Maintenance: Regularly monitor the app to identify bugs or
performance issues before they escalate into larger problems, which are more
costly to fix. Automating maintenance routines can reduce the long-term costs
of app support.
 Cloud-Based Cost Management: Cloud services often provide pay-as-you-go
models, ensuring costs are aligned with actual app usage, rather than over-
investing in infrastructure that might not be fully used.

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 Chapter 5
Conclusion

In conclusion, the development of a “HEALTH-CARE APP” presents unique

challenges that must be navigated to create a successful, user-friendly product. By
focusing on user-centric design, developers can ensure that the app is accessible to a
diverse audience, including those who may struggle with technology. Streamlined
navigation, clear workflows, and personalization features enhance user satisfaction
and engagement, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Furthermore, employing
cloud-based infrastructure not only guarantees reliability and scalability but also
prepares the app to adapt to future demands as the healthcare landscape evolves.

Equally important is the commitment to data privacy and security. Implementing

robust encryption and adhering to regulatory compliance are critical to safeguarding
sensitive health information, fostering user trust and confidence. Continuous testing
and feedback mechanisms will facilitate ongoing improvements, enabling the app to
evolve in response to user needs and technological advancements. By embracing these
principles, healthcare app developers can create effective solutions that empower
users, streamline healthcare processes, and contribute to a more efficient healthcare
system overall.

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 Chapter 6
References

 National Health Policy 2017

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. (2017). National
Health Policy 2017. Retrieved from MoHFW
This policy outlines the framework for healthcare delivery in India and
emphasizes the role of technology in enhancing health services.

 Digital Health in India: Current State and Future Directions

Chandrasekhar, A., & Ghosh, A. (2020). Digital Health in India: Current State
and Future Directions. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(6), e300-e301. Retrieved
from The Lancet
This article discusses the current state of digital health initiatives in India,
highlighting opportunities and challenges for mobile health applications.

 mHealth in India: An Overview of Mobile Health Applications

Rao, M. K., & Kumar, A. (2021). mHealth in India: An Overview of Mobile
Health Applications. Health Information Science and Systems, 9(1), 1-9.
Retrieved from Springer
This overview analyzes various mobile health applications in India, addressing
their impact on healthcare delivery and patient engagement.

 The Role of Telemedicine in the Indian Healthcare System

Gupta, S., & Singh, S. (2021). The Role of Telemedicine in the Indian
Healthcare System: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian Journal of Medical
Research, 153(1), 15-22. Retrieved from IJMR
This article discusses the integration of telemedicine into the Indian healthcare
landscape and its implications for app development.

 Health Information Technology in India: Barriers and Opportunities

Saha, S., & Sharma, R. (2019). Health Information Technology in India:

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 Barriers and Opportunities. Journal of Health Management, 21(3), 337-348.
Retrieved from SAGE Journals
This study identifies barriers and opportunities related to health information
technology in India, emphasizing the need for user-friendly applications.
 The Impact of Mobile Health Applications on Patient Care in India
Ranjan, A., & Choudhury, S. (2022). The Impact of Mobile Health Applications
on Patient Care in India: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health Informatics in
Developing Countries, 16(1), 1-15. Retrieved from JHIDC
This systematic review explores the effectiveness of mobile health applications
in enhancing patient care in India, providing insights into user engagement and
health outcomes.

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