LIGHT REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1. A divergent lens will produce:

a) Always a real image,
b) Always a virtual image
c) Both real and virtual images
d) None of these

2. A ray of light starting from air passes through medium A of refractive index 1.50,
enters medium B of refractive index 1.33 and finally enters medium C of refractive
index 2.42. If this ray emerges out in air from C, then for which of the following
pairs of media the bending of light is least?
a) air-A
b) A-B
c) B-C
d) C-air

3. Which of the following conditions is to be satisfied to obtain an erect image of an

object by a concave mirror?
a) u>f
b) u<f
c) u=f
d) u = 2f

4. A concave lens has a focal length of 10 cm. An object 2.5 cm high is placed 30 cm
from the lens. The position and height of the image respectively are:
a) – 7.5 cm; 0.625 cm
b) 0.5 cm; 1.2 cm
c) +7. 5 cm; - 0.625 cm
d) -0.5 cm; +1.2cm
5. Consider the following statements:
i. A person standing in front of the mirror finds the image larger than himself.
This shows that the mirror is convex.
ii. Concave lenses and convex mirrors diverge the rays, which fall parallel to the
principal axis.
iii. The nature of the image formed by the mirror gives an idea about the nature of
the mirror.
iv. Lateral displacement will decrease with the thickness of the given glass slab.

Which of these statement(s) is/are not correct?

a) Only (i)
 b) (ii) and (iii)
c) (ii) and (iv)
d) (iv) and (i)

6. A student used a device (X) to obtain/focus the image of a well illuminated distant
building on a screen (S) as shown below in the diagram. Select the correct statement
about the device (X).

a) This device is a concave lens of focal length 8 cm.

b) This device is a convex mirror of focal length 8 cm.
c) This device is a concave mirror of focal length 8 cm.
d) This device is a convex lens of focal length 8 cm.

7. The diameter of a curved reflecting surface of the mirror is called the:

a) Focus of the mirror

b) Pole of the mirror
c) Aperture of the mirror
d) Centre of curvature of the mirror

8. The given property of concave mirror is helpful in which of the following cases.

a) Rear view mirror

b) Shaving mirror
c) Head light of a Car
d) Microscopes
9. In the diagram shown above n1, n2 and n3 are refractive indices of the media 1, 2 and
3 respectively. Which one of the following is true in this case?

a) n1 = n2
b) n1 > n2
c) n2 > n3
d) n3 > n1

10. If the refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3, then refractive index of air with
respect to water is
a) 0.50
b) 3.75
c) 0.25
d) 0.75

11. A student wants to obtain magnified image of an object AB on a screen. Which one
of the following arrangements shows the correct position of AB for him/her to be
successful?
12. In Cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors, the origin is taken at...
a) pole of the mirror
b) focus of the mirror
c) its centre of curvature
d) at the point where the object is placed

13.

For the diagram shown, according to the new Cartesian sign convention the
magnification of the image formed will have the following specifications :
(a) Sign – Positive, Value – Less than 1
(b) Sign – Positive, Value – More than 1
(c) Sign – Negative, Value – Less than 1
(d) Sign – Negative, Value – More than 1

14. In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason

is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:

a. Both assertion and reason are correct statements and reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion.
b. Both assertion and reason are correct statements, but reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
c. Assertion is correct but reason is wrong statement.
d. Assertion is wrong but reason is correct.
 i) Assertion : Refractive index has no units.
Reason : The refractive index is a ratio of two similar quantities.

ii) Assertion: Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in torches and

in search lights.
Reason: When an object is placed between the centre of curvature
and focus of a concave mirror, the image formed is real and inverted.

iii) Assertion: The centre of curvature is not a part of the mirror. It lies
outside its reflecting surface.
Reason: The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror forms a part of a
sphere. This sphere has a centre.

iv) Assertion: Mirror formula can be applied to a convex mirror.

Reason: A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal length.

v) Assertion: An object is placed at a distance of ‘f’ from a convex mirror

of focal length f, its image will form at infinity.
Reason: The distance of image in convex mirror can never be infinity.

Answer the following:

15. i) Explain why the refractive index of a medium with respect to air is always
greater than 1?
ii) ii)What is the refractive index of diamond, and what does that indicate?

16. When a spherical mirror is placed facing the sun, the sun’s rays converge to a point
22 cm from the mirror. If an object 5 cm high is placed 44 cm away on the principal
axis of the mirror, what would be the size and nature of the image formed?
.
17. What are the values of angle of incidence (i) and that the reflection (r) for a normal
incidence?

18. The magnification produced by a spherical mirror is -5/4”. Is the mirror diverging or
converging. List any 3 information’s you obtain from this statement about the image.

19. A student obtained a sharp image of a lighted candle on a screen using a convex
lens. Now, he wants to focus a distant lamp on a faraway electric pole. In which
direction should he move the lens for this purpose with respect to the screen, to
get a sharp image on the screen? Justify your answer.
 20. Name the type of mirror which facilitates
i. Make up mirror
ii. Observing large images of the teeth of a patient
iii. Observing the rear view in vehicles.
Give reason to justify your answer in each case.

21. Draw the ray diagram in each case to show the position and nature of the image
formed when the object is placed :
(i) At finite distance in front of a convex mirror
(ii) In front of a concave lens

22. a)Complete the following ray diagram to show the image formation

b)Mention the nature, position and size of the image formed in this case.
a) c)State the sign of the image distance in this case using the Cartesian sign
convention.

23. An object of height 4 cm is kept at a distance of 30 cm from the pole of a

diverging mirror. If the focal length of the mirror is 10 cm, find the height of the
image formed.

24. Study the ray diagram given below and answer the questions that follow :

(a) Is the type of lens used converging or diverging?

(b) List three characteristics of the image formed.
(c) In which position of the object will the magnification be – 1?
25. State the type of lens used as a simple magnifying glass. Draw a labelled ray
diagram to show the image formation by this lens. List the characteristics of the
image formed.

26. A student has to project a three times magnified image of a candle flame on a wall.
Name the type of lens (converging/diverging) required for the purpose. If the candle
flame is at a distance of 6 cm from the wall, find the focal length of the lens.

27. (a) An object is kept at a distance of 1 m from a lens of power +2D:

(i) Identify the type of lens.
(ii) Calculate its focal length and distance of the image formed.
(b) Define the following terms in the context of a diverging lens:
(i) Principal focus,
(ii) Focal length.
Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate your answer.

28. A ray of light travelling from air enters into two optical media A and B. For the
same angle of incidence 600, the angle of refraction in the two optical media A and B
is 300 and 450 respectively:

a. Show the path of the light ray as it passes in the two media A and B.
b. In which of the two media A or B, the speed of light will be more?
c. Calculate the absolute refractive index of medium A and B.
d. Also calculate the refractive index of medium B with respect to medium A

29. The ability of a medium to refract light is expressed in terms of its optical density.
Optical density has a definite connotation. It is not the same as mass density. On
comparing two media, the one with the large refractive index is optically.denser
medium than the other. The other medium with a lower refractive index is optically
rarer. Also the speed of light through a given medium is inversely proportional to its
optical density.

(i) Determine the speed of light in diamond if the refractive index of diamond with
respect to vacuum is 2.42. Speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 m/s.
(ii) Refractive indices of glass, water and carbon disulphide are 1.5, 1.33 and 1.62
respectively. If a ray of light is incident in these media at the same angle (say θ), then
write the increasing order of the angle of refraction in these media.
iii) (A) The speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s and in water is 2.25 × 108 m/s.
1. Which one of the two is optically denser and why?
2. A ray of light is incident normally at the water-glass interface when it enters
a thick glass container filled with water. What will happen to the path of the
ray after entering the glass? Give reason.
 OR
(B) The absolute refractive indices of water and glass are 4/3 and 3/2
respectively. If the speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in (i)
vacuum and (ii) water.

30. A solar furnace is one of the extraordinary uses of solar energy that have emerged in
recent years. It works on a simple principle of reflecting the sun’s rays and their
concentration onto a point to raise its temperature, which belongs to the solar
concentrator energy generation family.
Utilising the solar furnace principle, many affordable products such as solar cookers,
solar water pasteurisation, solar-powered barbecues, and even solar crematorium
have been created.
.

i)What types of mirrors are used in the design of solar furnaces? Explain how these
devices attain a high temperature.

ii) Mention any other application of this mirror other than the one mentioned above.

iii)With the help of a neat, scaled ray diagram show the nature of image formed if an
object of size 5cm is placed at the focus of this mirror.

iv) Calculate at what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to
obtain a sharp image of an object placed 40cm in front of a this mirror of a focal
length 15cm?