1. A verb from ending in –ing and used as a noun.

Sintax
Person, place, animal, thing, concept. Noun Modifier Gerund
2. Compound subjects joined by “and” are nearly always
plural. The
3. Precede main verbs: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, 11 arrangement 1 Conjugation
been, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, will, shall, Participle of words in
should, could, would, may, might, must.
Refers to a noun, avoiding repetition. Pronoun
4. With “or” or “nor”, make the verb agree with the part 10
sentences,
clauses, and
2
Identify or point a noun: This, that, of the subject nearer the verb. phrases
these, those.
Demonstrative 5. A noun or pronoun that names to whom or for whom
the actions are done.
Nonspecific person or thing: all, another, any, anybody, anyone, Split Helping
both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, 6. A word or word group that receives the action of the
neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, some, somebody, verb. infinitives verbs
Indefinite
someone, something.
7. When a verb is in active voice, the subject of the
Ends in –self, receives an action: myself,
yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,
sentence performs the action in the passive voice the 98 4 3
Intensive or subject receives the action.
yourselves, themselves reflexive
8. Good-better-best, careful-more careful-most careful. Positive Subject joined
Specific person or thing: I, me you, she her,
mine, your, yours, hers, his, its, our, ours,
9. When a modifier appears between its two parts
(to/think) “to carefully think” an infinitive is said to be
Comparative
Superlative
7 by or nor
their, theirs.
Interrogative
split.
5
Active and
Indicate ownership: my, mine, your,
10. A word derived from a verb and having the qualities
of both a verb and an adjective, never used as a noun.
passive 6 Indirect
yours, their, theirs. Possessive voice object
Present participles end in –ing, past participles in –ed Direct
11. A word, phrase or clause that describes or qualities object
Introduce an adjective clause: who,
the meaning of a word
whom, whose, which, that. Relative
Parts
Describe a noun or pronoun. Adjective of Important terms related to grammar Moods
speech
Modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb:
Adverb
smoothly, unusually, loudly.
Present
Indicate Imperative Subjuntive
Tenses
Placed before a noun to form a phrase modifying
another word in the sentence: about, above,
Simple
progressiv
across, after, against, along, among, around, at, - Action in progress Used for facts, Used for orders Used for wishes,
before, behind, below, beside, besides, between, Prepositions opinions and conditions
beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, present
- Habitual actions in - Temporary present
activity
questions
or advice
contrary to fact,

e
inside, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, onto, out, present and request or
outside, over, past, since, than, through, to, - Timeless truth - Repeated ongoing
recommendations
toward, under, unlike, until, up, with, without. action
- Narrative present
A joining word Conjuctions

Pair connecting canal elements: either,

Past Simple
neither, wheter, not only, also, both. Correlative

Pair of words or parts of a sentence Simple - An action at a specific - Action in future time
connected: and, or, but, for, yet, so. Coordination
progressi
point in the past
future
- A future habitual action or
Future
Introduces a subordinate clause and indicates its
past
- Definite completed action - Past action simultaneous future state
- At action that will be in
relation to the rest of the sentence: after,
although, as, as if, because, before, even though,
unless, until, when, where, wheter, while
Subordinating - Habitual action in the past
- A situation in the past
with some past event
- Repeated action in the on-
- A present situation that
will obtain in the future
with some termination in
progressiv
progress at a specific
time in the near future
now completed going
Modifies noun: a, an, the. Article
By Avril Berrocal Buelvas
sight
e
- Duration or specific
future action