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English Bskota

The document provides a comprehensive overview of public speaking and communication, covering basics such as encoding/decoding, feedback, and types of noise. It details various communication models, types of speeches (informative, persuasive, ceremonial), and preparation techniques, including structure, time management, and stress management. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of feedback, clarity, the rhetorical triangle for persuasion, practice, and effective use of visual aids.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views4 pages

English Bskota

The document provides a comprehensive overview of public speaking and communication, covering basics such as encoding/decoding, feedback, and types of noise. It details various communication models, types of speeches (informative, persuasive, ceremonial), and preparation techniques, including structure, time management, and stress management. Key takeaways emphasize the importance of feedback, clarity, the rhetorical triangle for persuasion, practice, and effective use of visual aids.

Uploaded by

elhanafereda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# Concise Exam Summary: Public Speaking & Communication
_Based on "Cour English.pdf" (60 Pages)_

---

## **1. Communication Basics**


### Encoding/Decoding
- **Encoding**: Converting ideas into messages (speech/writing).
- **Decoding**: Interpreting messages by the receiver.

### Feedback
- **Purpose**: Helps speakers adjust their message (e.g., audience reactions).
- **Types**:
- **Self-feedback**: Monitoring your own speech.
- **Audience feedback**: Nods, questions, facial expressions.

### Channels
- **Examples**:
- **Verbal**: Spoken/written words.
- **Non-verbal**: Gestures, eye contact, clothing.
- **Digital**: Emails, social media.

### Noise (Barriers)


- **Types**:
1. **Physical**: External distractions (e.g., loud noises).
2. **Psychological**: Prejudices, emotional interference.
3. **Semantic**: Language differences or jargon.

---

## **2. Communication Models**


| Model | Key Idea | Example Use Case |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------|--------------------------|
| **Linear** | One-way (sender → receiver) | TV broadcasts, radio |
| **Transactional** | Two-way, simultaneous exchange | Face-to-face conversation|
| **Interactive** | Turn-taking with feedback | Online forums, chats |
| **Shannon-Weaver** | Focuses on noise & transmission | Technical communication |
| **Aristotle’s** | Persuasion via speaker → audience | Political speeches |
---

## **3. Types of Public Speaking**


### Informative Speeches
- **Goal**: Educate (e.g., explaining climate change).
- **Structure**:
1. **Introduction**: Hook + thesis.
2. **Body**: Facts, statistics, examples.
3. **Conclusion**: Summary + relevance.

### Persuasive Speeches


- **Goal**: Influence beliefs/actions (e.g., debates, ads).
- **Techniques**:
- **Logos**: Logic/data (e.g., "Studies show...").
- **Pathos**: Emotions (e.g., personal stories).
- **Ethos**: Credibility (e.g., "As a doctor, I recommend...").

### Ceremonial Speeches


- **Examples**:
- **Eulogies**: Honor someone’s life.
- **Acceptance speeches**: Thank + inspire (e.g., Oscars).
- **Toast**: Celebrate + connect emotionally.

---

## **4. Speech Preparation**


### Structure Tips
- **Introduction**: Start with a quote, question, or story.
- **Body**: Use patterns like:
- **Chronological**: Time-based order.
- **Problem-Solution**: Issue → remedy.
- **Spatial**: Physical/geographic layout.
- **Conclusion**: End with a call-to-action or memorable statement.

### Time Management


- **Rule**: Allocate 10% intro, 80% body, 10% conclusion.
- **Practice**: Rehearse with a timer; cut redundant points.
### Stress Management
- **Tips**:
- Breathe deeply before speaking.
- Focus on the message, not perfection.
- Use pauses to regain composure.

---

## **5. Visual Aids**


### Best Practices
- **Slides**: Minimal text + high-quality visuals.
- **Charts**: Simplify complex data (e.g., pie charts).
- **Props**: Use objects to demonstrate (e.g., a product sample).

### Common Mistakes


- **Overloading slides**: Walls of text.
- **Reading slides**: Engage the audience, don’t recite.
- **Distracting animations**: Avoid flashy transitions.

---

## **6. Group Presentations**


### Team Roles
- **Leader**: Coordinates tasks and timelines.
- **Researcher**: Gathers data/evidence.
- **Designer**: Creates slides/posters.
- **Speaker**: Delivers key sections.

### Collaboration Tips


- **Rehearse together**: Sync transitions and timing.
- **Assign equal time**: Each member speaks 5-10 mins.
- **Plan for Q&A**: Anticipate questions and assign responders.

---

## ** Key Takeaways for Exams**


1. **Feedback is critical** for adaptive communication.
2. **Noise** disrupts message clarity—identify and minimize it.
3. **Rhetorical Triangle** (Logos, Pathos, Ethos) is key for persuasion.
4. **Practice** reduces anxiety and improves delivery.
5. **Visual aids** should complement, not dominate, your speech.

---
** You’re Exam-Ready!**

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