JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACTUALITY OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
ENGINEERING
STREAM: COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Hosting company: ETHIOTELECOM NORTH WEST
REGION(NNWR)GONDAR
INTERNSHIP PERIOD: 3 MONTH (OCTOBER 14 TO JANUARY
14)

Submission date: February 14

DECLARATION
I am Mezgebu Getahun, a 5th year Electrical Engineering communication stream student have undertaken
my internship experience in ethio telecom for a period of Three month under the guidance of Mr.Zemenu
(Academic advisor) and Mr.Abere Fanta.I clarify that my work is original and complied according to the
internship report writing guideline given by the department as far as my knowledge is concerned.
Name of the academic advisor signature date

Name of student. Signature date

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank the almighty God for his help through my life in every no direction in
my three months internship time.

Secondly, I would like to thanks to my advisor Mr.Zemenu who comes to visit me and tried to understand
my problem and give me his valuable suggestions during my internship time and department of electrical
and computer engineering and also communication stream your great concern in our education. I
appreciate your supporting to give us an internship period and make us obtain practical knowledge. I
really great full for your interest to help us to successes and agood strength and also I would like to give
my deepest thank to electrical and computer engineering department who give the opportunity to be held
our internship in Gondar telecom company.
Finally he is the man who makes things easy to me for my project Mr.Abere fanta ethio telecom
supervisor of core network Gondar telecom and staff member at gondar telecom who supports me to gain
practical, theoretical knowledge, information skills and experience at work.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
These report formally written document that explains what I have learned, done and gain in the three
months during the internship. This paper clearly described in first chapter the general background of the
company (Ethiotelecom). Starting from the introduction to that explains the Ethiotelecom brief history, its
main product, main customers or end users of its products and overall organization and work flow. It
contains company mission and values, the service and product of the company, and the overall
organization of the company (Ethiotelecom). My report explains in second chapter, all about the overall
internship experience that includes how I get to the company, the sections of the company that I have
worked. This mostly focused on wireless and transport network department and also explains how each
section works (operates). In third chapter I explain overall benefits gained from internship. Finally, I
concluded and recommended my project and report in short term.
 CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE ETHIOTELECOM
1.1 Introduction
North Western Region Ethiotelecom is situated in the NorthWest of Ethiopia which is found at Gondar
town 330 km from Addis Ababa. This region includes eight departments, such as indirect channel, direct
channel, fixed access network, operation and maintenance, power and environment, Business partner,
finance and physical security. This is the final report for Electrical and Computer Engineering
communication focuses area for semester internship. This specific internship was undertaken at North
western region Ethiotelecom, where duties were assigned providing the experience as a product specialist.
During the course of internship technical and process related activities were experienced. This provides a
useful knowledge and valuable job skills for the interns.
1.2 Brief history of Ethiotelecom
The first Telecommunication Company was introduced at the time of Alexander Graham Bell invented the
1st telephone in March 3, 1847.But in Ethiopia telecommunication service was introduced in 1894 during
the rule of Emperor Menilik that of 17-year after the invention of telephone technology in the world. The
Ethiopian Telecommunications is the oldest Public telecommunications Operator in Africa.

In Ethiopia the first major telephone line constructed spanned a total distance of about 447km and
connected Harar major trade center in Easter region with Addis Ababa. The line construction took few
years and it also interconnected small towns along the route. The interurban network was continued to
expand satisfactorily in all other directions from the capital. Many important centers in the Empire were
interconnected by lines, thus facilitating long distance communication with the assistants or operators at
intermediate stations frequently acting as verbal human repeaters between the distant calling parties.
Available records of the time have shown that by early 1930’s a total route distance of about 7,000 kms of
inter urban network was existed and no less than 170 towns and villages were connected to the network.

In 1932 Ethiopia becomes the member of the ITU (international telecommunication union)before the
Italian invasion of 1935. In 1934 Ethiopia has established direct radio telephone links with Djibouti,
London, Cairo and Aden.The company was placed under the support of the Ministry of Post, Telephone &
Telegraph and then reorganized as Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia.

From (1941-1997) the main thing done at the beginning of this period was rehabilitation of the destroyed
telephone network. The telephone network is destroyed because Italian forces finally fled the country, by
the end of the ware only handfuls of Ethiopian’s stations were functioning, but poorly.In1950 first
international bank of reconstruction and development (IBRD) mission came to Ethiopia to conduct an
investigation of possibility of reforming the ministry creating an organization entrusted with the sole
responsibility of restoring and extending Ethiopian. telecommunication service. It was also suggested to
establish a semi-autonomous entity based on Government Charter to carry out reconstruction and
development works of telecommunication on commercial basis.

From (1952-1975) Establishment of Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia (IBTE) The

Ministry of Post, Telephone & Telegraph (MOPTT) had difficulties to meet the growing demand for
improved and increased telecommunication services. The shortage of trained personnel was acute and
funds extremely low. Hence,complete reorganization of thetelecommunication administration in Ethiopia
became an urgent necessity. The desire was to create an autonomous body efficiently organized, suitably
staffed with financial autonomy to plan and operate the pressing telecommunication needs of the country.
The Imperial Board of Telecommunications of Ethiopia was established by the proclamation No. 131 on
October 15,1952.
 Imperial board of telecommunication of Ethiopia currently known as Ethiopian Telecommunication
Authority (ETA) established in the 1953.The structure was revised in 1962,1964, 1967, 1970, 1972 to
make a major change of technology ranging from Automatic to digital technology through successive
Telecommunications’ Development Programs. By 1972 anew organizational structure was made and
Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority (ETA) was established.
The Ethiopian Telecommunications Authority was replaced by the Ethiopian Telecommunications
Corporation (ETC) by regulation number 10/1996 of the Council of Ministers to which all the rights and
obligations of the former Ethiopian Telecommunication authority were transferred to the Corporation.
ETC then has taken a responsibility to operate as a public enterprise with the principal duty of installing
telecom infrastructure facilities and expanding telecommunications services in the country by the
Proclamation 49/1996, and providing domestic and international telephone, telex, and other
communication services under the supervision of Ethiopian Telecommunications Agency (ETA), which is
a separate regulatory body, with the objective of promoting the development of "High quality, efficient,
reliable and affordable telecommunications services".

In this respect, it is currently deemed by the regulation that ETC the sole operator of any
telecommunications related services, including the provision of internet and public phone in Ethiopia. For
its international traffic links and communication services, ETC mainly uses its earth station at Sululta
which transmits and receives to both Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean satellites.The provision of
mobile service in Ethiopia has begun in 1989 with capacity of 3600 lines in Addis Ababa. After three year
the number of subscriber reached about 208000.At the last when we come to recent days we can see the
transformation from ETC to Ethiotelecom at 2010.As a continuation of the last five years plan and after
concentrating its efforts on educations, health and agricultural, the Ethiopian government has decide to
focus on the improvement at telecommunication service, considering them as key lever in the
development of Ethiopia. In 2005ETC installed a national fiber optic cable comprising 5000km in the six
direction from capital city (to DireDawa Djibouti, Mekele,Bahirdar, Nekemte Jimma and Hawassa) laying
a foundation for delivering current and future service including digital radio, TV, internet, data and other
multimedia data in order to increase narrow band to broad band service in 2005.In 2006 the number of
mobile user has reach 1.6 million through the country.

In behind 2006, the ETC signed an agreement worth US$1.5 billion with three Chinesecompanies,
Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation(ZTE-C),HuaweiTechnologiesCorporation(HTC)
and the Chinese International Telecommunication ConstructionCorporation(CITC-C), to upgrade and
expand Ethiopian telecommunications services. This agreement will increase the number of mobile
services from 1.5 million to 7 million, land line telephone services from 1 million to 4 million, and
expansion of the fiber - optic network, from the present 4,000 kilometers to 10,000 by 2010. It is part of a
larger US$ 2.4 billion plan by the Ethiopian government to improve the country’s telecommunications
infrastructure.As of 2007,IP based Next Generation Network of Fixed Telephone Lines, Third Generation
Network (3G) of mobile service based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA),Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiple (DWDM)based Optical
Fiber Transmission, new technology version is discovering which we call 4G and it have most speed than
2G and 3G have been introduced in Ethiopia, Then installed to expand for the improvement of the service
at Northern region.

1.3 Company’s Vision, Mission, Values and Objectives

1.3.1 Vision
Ethiotelecom envisions an information-based Ethiopian society were all my people have access to
information infrastructure on equitable basis.

• To be a world-class provider of telecommunications services in Ethiopia.

• Ethiotelecom shall be an internationally recognized, moving quickly, strong and
vibrant world-class.
• Ethiotelecom will achieve its goal of both providing a reliable network and of
improving Customer Services through a range of different levels that are part of its
development strategy.
• Ethiotelecom will develop and enhance the information system. This will help to
decrease the delay for provision, sales and activation as well as to provide more
reliable information to Customers.
• Ethiotelecom will develop a world-class human resources management. This will help
to improve employee’s ability to meet the needs and expectations of Customers.
• Ethiotelecom will develop better sourcing & facilities processes. This will help to
faster delivery and repair and will offer more transparency to Customers. To become
world class provider of telecom service
1.3.2 Mission
• Connect Ethiopia through state of the art telecom services.
• Provide high quality, innovative and affordable telecom products and services that enhance
the development of our nation and ensure high customer satisfaction.
• Build reputable brand known for its customer’s consideration.
• To connect every Ethiopian through ICT to Provide world class telecommunication services
including basic telephony, mobile, internet and multimedia services.
• Build its managerial capability and manpower talent that enables Ethiotelecom to operate at
international level.
Support community and environmental development

1.3.3 Values
• Lead with vision: Ethiotelecom commits to understand, meet and exceed the
telecommunications needs and expectations of our country at large and of customers in
particular.
• Respect: - Ethiotelecom respects all customers and recognizes that their revenues allow
Ethiotelecom to operate.
• Recognize that the company employees are the most valuable asset and want to create an
efficient corporate management environment that allows them to develop and grow.
• Excellence: -Ethiotelecom will commit to high-level job performance, customer service
quality, organizational excellence and continuous improvement in all areas Ethiotelecom will
make every effort to achieve a superior financial return.
• Integrity: - Be ethical standards, being honest in all assignments.
• Accountability: - Ethiotelecom will hold us accountable to all our stakeholders.
Stay motivated and encouraged to meet all the challenges that we will face. Make every effort to
achieve a superior financial return.
1.3.4 Objectives
The main objective of Ethiotelecom is to create awareness on products and services provided by
Ethiotelecom and help citizens understand the subscription requirements. The following are other main
objective of the company:

• Being customer focused company.

• Offering the best quality of service.
• Building a financially sound company.
• Meeting excellent world class standards.
• To provide products and services that enhances the development of our Nation.
• To build a successful brand known for its customer consideration.
• To reach these goals, all Ethiotelecom divisions will focus on:
• Ensuring easy access and coverage to the whole population.
• Developing, enhancing network and information system.
• Developing human resources management
• Creating a strong brand.
• Implementing control standard processes
• Improving financial, sourcing and facilities processes.
1.4 Main Products and Services of Ethiotelecom
the only telecommunication company operating in Ethiopia Ethio Telecom provides a wide range of
telephone and internet services to its residential and enterprise customers. Below are some of the services
that Ethio Telecom provides. Ethio Telecom is institutionalized with the objectives of promoting the
development of high quality, efficient, reliable and affordable telecommunication services in the country.
Its services can be broadly classified as:

1.4.1 Mobile Services

1. Mobile Roaming
Mobile roaming is a service that helps subscribers automatically to make and receive voice calls, send and
receive data, or access other services when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of ethio
telecom, by means of using a visited country’s operator’s network. It could be outbound roaming, a
service given to Ethio customers who wants to use their mobile phone abroad, and inbound, a service
given to customers of foreign operator who has a roaming agreement with it (like tourists, foreigner
investors …). Currently this service is provided only for GSM post paid subscribers. Mobile Services
Fixed Line Internet and Data

Figure 1. 3 Mobile Roaming [5]

2. GOTA (Global Open Trucking Architecture) Service

GOTA is a service given using the CDMA2000 wireless network for the purpose of group
communication; The service allows two or more individuals to communicate and also use for private and
group calls. It allows to communicate two or more individuals by using only push to talk.
Figure 1. 4 GOTA Service [5]
3. Satellite Mobile Telephone
Type of mobile phone that connects to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial network It enables
customers in every part of the globe to be beneficiaries of telecom services through satellites stationed on
the universe. Satellite phone is one of the greatest innovations in communication. The satellite mobile
telephone provides similar features of communication services to that of earthly mobile telephones such
as; voice, SMS and low-band width internet access.

4. Business Mobile: Business Mobile is a bundled postpaid mobile service that allows enterprise
customers to make calls at a discounted rate compared to the normal mobile tariff rates.
5. Vanity number: Vanity numbers are Mobile numbers which are memorable and easy to dial. Vanity
numbers are classified into four categories based on their easiness to remember. These are Platinum
numbers, Gold numbers, Silver numbers and Bronze numbers.

6. Machine to Machine Service

Machine to Machine is a wireless technology that enables machines to talk to each other, and which
customers can access directly from their office or home computer. It combines telecommunication and
information technology in order to connect remote devices and locations, system and people It is the
utilization of different types of mechanical devices to establish a communication and exchange of
information. M2M used a data enabled SIM card The M2M interface allows businesses to monitor and
manipulate any remote equipment. M2M allows networked machines to exchange information and
perform actions without the manual assistance of humans.

Figure 1. 5 Machine to Machine Service [5]

7. GPRS
GPRS is a M2M technology that supports wireless communication between machines or devices. The
service supports data only.

8.Pre-paid 3G/WCDMA
Pre-paid 3G provides a variety of services such as voice calling, multimedia messaging (MMS), (3G
handsets) and web browsing/Mobile internet (GPRS). Its main features (VAS) include call diverting, call
waiting, call barring, and voice mail.

9.Pre-paid CDMA
Pre-paid CDMA is similar to GSM in a sense that it can offer voice only. It grants features such as call
waiting, call diverting, video conferencing and SMS services. Not only is pre-paid CDMA affordable but
it’s also used without wires (cables) and is able to use internet services.
10.Bulk SMS Services
Bulk SMS service allows the sending of SMS messages to a group of mobile subscribers simultaneously.
It avoids the use of mobile phones to send mass SMS and comes with decreased costs.
11.Short Code Service
Short code numbers ,3 digits and 4 digits as opposed to the standard 10-digit numbers, are easier to read
and remember. 3- digit numbers are utilized for government offices and USSD codes while 4-digit
numbers are reserved for content providers.
1.4.2 Fixed line service
It includes Wired Fixed line, Wireless Fixed line (CDMA), Short code, Bulk SMS and ISDN/E1.

• Landline: -is a telephone line that travels over terrestrial circuits. A land line can be copper wire,
fiber optics or microwave.
• Wireless Fixed line: -is much similar to the ordinary fixed telephone service; it uses Fixed
Wireless Terminal (FWT) which enables it to give a voice, data and other value added services. It
works where ever CDMA network is available.
• ISDN/E1 service: -Integrated services digital network (ISDN) is an international
communications standard for sending voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or
normal telephone wires.
1.4.3 Internet and data service
• Fixed wired broadband internet: -is provided through copper or fiber with different access
methods like ADSL, VDSL, EPON and GPON.
• Fixed wireless BB internet: -wireless is device or system used to connect different fixed
locations with a radio or other wireless link.
• Wireless broadband internet: is an Internet service which can be given through different access
methods like, AIRONET, supports up to 54 Mbps downloading capacity, VSAT (supports up to
2Mbps downloading capacity), 3G and EVDO.
• Evolution Data Only (EVDO): is a Broadband mobile Internet service with high speed
using CDMA technology. The service works wherever CDMA network is available. The
service is available in Addis Ababa and more than 200 cities and town throughout the
country. It is provided in three alternative packages: 1GB, 2GB and 4GB for both prepaid
and postpaid customers.
1.4.4 Additional Business Services
• Virtual Private Network (VPN):- enables private and public institutions to connect their various
branches and to establish their own private networks. VPN enables you to share information and
activate all information technology systems inside your branches via fixed and mobile options.
The service is available all over Ethiopia in areas covered by Ethiotelecom terrestrial and mobile
network that support data.
• VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal):- is an internet or VPN service using a satellite access
mechanism. It is a way of establishing private satellite communication network for large
organizations that have widely dispersed locations.
• GSM Mobile (prepaid/ postpaid) the service is given using SIM (Subscriber Identity Module).
It has voice, data, SMS and other value added capabilities.SMS (short messaging service), Call
divert SMS, Call waiting, Call barring.
• 4G Internet Access Technology: -is the 4th generation wireless internet access technology that
transforms the existing internet speed to a super-fast connection. The users of 4G LTE network
get the advantage of superior and uninterrupted connectivity, which enables to live stream, video
and movies at much faster rate than ever before and can also easily share information.

1.5 The Main Customers or End Users of Its Product or Services

Generally, the customers of Ethiotelecom are the entire people of Ethiopia where the company’s network
is covered. We can divide the customers of Ethiotelecom in to two to make its work clear and efficient.
The two types of Ethiotelecom customers are Enterprise customers and Residential customers.

• The Residential Customers: - are those customers who are single users like us. For example,
any people that can use mobile network, fixed line network, fixed line telephone, internet service
are some of the residential customers.
• The Enterprise Customers: -are those customers like governmental organization, private
companies and non-governmental organization. For example: banks, agricultural office, health
office, school, NGO etc.
1.6 Stake Holders of Ethio telecom
Stakeholder is defined as those at groups without those supports the organization cease to exist. Then it
has gained wide acceptance in business practice and in theorizing relating to strategic management,
cooperate governance, business purpose and cooperate social responsibility (CSR). The stake holders of
Ethiotelecom are ZTE Company, HUAWEI Company, Ericsson Company, Customers and Government.

1.7 Organizational Structure and Work Flow of the Company

The head office of Ethiotelecom in Addis Ababa is networked with the regional telecoms.my hosting
company is one of the regional telecoms and is known as Ethiotelecom North western region.

In Ethiotelecom North west region there are eight main departments and these are:-

• Fixed line access network (FAN).

• Operation and Maintenance (O&M).
• Indirect Channel.
• Direct Channel.
• Power and Environment.
• Business Partner.
• Security.
• Financial

1.8 General Gateway

Ethiopian network gateways about five gateways are there
BOLE(FINFINNEE)---BR
MEKELLE---BR
DIRE DAWA---BR
SHASHAMMANNE---BR
BAHIR DAR---BR
All networked to each other by means of mesh.
 CHAPTER TWO
INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1 OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1.1 Objectives of the Internship
Internship is used to acquire practical knowledge and ability offered by the professional world.
It gave the opportunity of applying the reality of work from the theoretical knowledge acquired
in the class room. It also assists the student's development of employer valued skls such as
teamwork, communications and attention to detail. Expose the student to the environment and
expectations of performance on the part of accountants in professional accounting practice,
private or public companies or government entities. Thus, adding a new professional experience
for the future of our life. The main objectives of internship are:

• To encourage the practical and theoretical knowledge through the practical work.
• To gain experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of worksite.
• Observe a corporate fitness center operation.
• Enhance written and verbal communication skills.
• Assist in program or product development.
• To attend one professional meeting.
2.1.1.1 General Objective
It provides operational environments for the students which formulate and focus on their career
objectives. It is also connect the students with potential employers and provides opportunities to explore
the variety of career objectives that are often available within the hosting company. Such opportunities
also help students relate theories and knowledge acquired in the academic year with the skills and
attitudes found in the company, develop idea, appreciate business areas and provide experience that many
employers value.

2.1.1.2 Specific Objective

Specific objective of the internship is to acquire and demonstrate competencies expected in a professional
managerial environment such as:

• Apply and generalized the academic theory and knowledge acquire in the class room to
practical engineering field.
• To create interrelation and interdependence to the internship company.
• Create conductive atmosphere to assess professional qualification.
• Means to transfer a knowledge and technology to the industry.
• Increase productivity of the students
2.1.2 How I Got Into the Company
The Industry Linkage Office of Jimma university provided me with an invaluable opportunity through an
application letter. Once I had this letter,I went on search for the perfect company that would offer me a
wealth of real-world experience and practical work. After careful consideration, my hearts were set on
Ethio Telecom(north western region), one of the largest companies in the country. And they happily
welcomed me after I filled out their application form and gave me acceptance paper.

2.2. The Section I Have Been Working

As the result of chance the section i have been assigned was network division. This section is one of the
divisions of Ethiotelecom that includes other sub section such as, network project Roll out, national
network operation center, network project management, network operation and maintenance, fixed access
network, network engineering and network service and IT management. However, i had specifically
taking experience on the operation and maintenance.sofar under this mainly i have been working on radio
access network (RAN), transmission, core network ip (internet protocol) and power section.

A). Power section

Communication without power is nothing. So for any level of communication we need power supply for
devices. Sources of power supply can be commercial power (power from EELPA), Generator and solar.
For the telecom service the company can use three power supplies.

A. commercial power AC
B. generator power AC
C. in the rural area district solar source is also in use.
When those sources are not available or down they are obliged to use a backup battery or the load battery
but this back up battery is use only for five hour. In the most rural part of southern district and at some
parts of urban areas such as in Yabello the solar source and the generator sources are used. In ethio
telecom the positive part is grounded for that reason the company uses the -48V. Hence negative polarity
reduces corrosion problem with underground cables &conduits. Why do we need DC power system in the
company?

• All the digital equipment’s use the DC source hence, The equipment that are available in
ethio telecom are digital equipment that’s why ethio telecom use DC source
• It provides a reliable power supply to the telecom industry
• It enables the telecom equipments to operate during the AC power outage
• It can be stored in batteries &will be used during AC power outage
I. Generator
A generator is the equipment that converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy. The NNWR Ethio
telecom is using the generator which has 400 KV, is used when the AC power is not present and it is
possible to use it as two ways:

• Standby way:- A person can turn on when the AC power is off or not present
• Automatic way:-the generator wakes up by itself, when the AC current stops flowing
 This generator is connected to an electrical device called ATS (auto transfer switch) The ATS senses the
current flowing through it, if the current flowing through it is smaller than the current flowing through it
currently, the ATS orders the generator to wake up, but if the current flowing through it is greater than the
current flowing through it at the present time, the ATS stops the generator and allows the AC current to
flow.

II. Solar Power

Every day the sun radiates (sends out) an enormous amount of energy called solar energy. Ethio telecom
uses solar powers in some places to give service for his customers. The current which is gotten from the
solar power is the DC current. It is impossible to install the solar power directly as we got it, but unless
we have to use regulators to use our equipments safely and to get the appropriate voltage we need. When
we want to maximize our voltage which we got from the sun, we have to install parallel until we reach the
maximum voltage we need for the specific service. The equipments of the Ethio telecom are using -48V
and positive ground. This because of the using the positive ground is more preferable than using the
negative ground. And also for the reason of the designers of the Ethio telecom equipments chooses to use
positive ground and the -48V for each devices.

III. Ac Load Center

As I can see from existing power plan diagram AC power from EELPA or Generator will be given to AC
load center. AC load center is placed at power office and is used to distribute AC power to other devices
like Air conditioner, Rectifier and so on. In Ethio telecom Ac load center receive three phase supply

IV. Air Conditioner

The air conditioner has big function in the Ethio telecom company, since there are many Machines which
don't function if they cannot get the air condition appropriate to their operation. So there are many air
conditioners in the NNWR Ethio telecom. The responsible of air conditioner for cooling down the room
temperature and protecting the devices from hazardous hot. Therefore using the air conditioners is a must
and the conditioners present there are always open to keep the condition at normal state.

V. Rectifier
Rectifier is a device used to convert the Ac supply to required Dc level, this process is called rectification.
In Ethiotelecom a full wave rectifier with required specification is used. And also regulator is used to
make the rectified supply smooth. The following are steps to be followed to convert Ac level to Dc level:

• Stepping down
• Rectification
• Filtration
• Regulation
VI. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
UPS is a device which used to supply AC power to required equipment. The three Ø power supply from
Ac load center will be given to UPS and UPS will deliver the power to rectifier and battery banks

VII. Battery Banks

 Mainly battery banks used to deliver power to equipment when power from commercial Power (Ac of
EELPA) and Generator fail to give supply i.e. for the time gap until the generator stands. Battery banks of
Ethiotelecom are feed Dc power via UPS, and deliver Dc power to the UPS if required. Then the Dc
supply from battery banks is converted to Ac supply inside UPS and given to rectifiers. Batteries may
provide power for minutes, hours or days depend up on the electrical system design, but in Ethiotelecom
NNWR they provide power for eight hours.

B).Transmission section
Transmission is means of transmitting of data, voice or video from one media to another media using a
communication network Transmission is a channel or path in which the signal follows to reach at the
destination. Transmission can be wired, wireless or microwave. Unlike wired transmission wireless
transmission, do not need any transmission medium. When communication is established with microwave
transmission the sender and receiver should be in line of sight. Ethiotelecom use different transmission
devices for connection establishment and for reliable communication.

WDM (wavelength division multiplexing)

WDM is a method of multiplexing multiple signals at various wavelengths of light over a single fiber.
WDM is a method of multiplexing multiple signals at various wavelengths of light over a single fiber.
Currently, there are two types of WDM in existence today: coarse WDM (CWDM) and dense WDM
(DWDM). CWDM is a method of combining multiple signals on laser beams at various wave lengths for
transmission along fiber optic cables, such that the number of channels is fewer than in DWDM. CWDM
can in principle match the basic capabilities of DWDM but at lower capacity and lower cost. CWDM
doesn't span longer distances because its light signal isn’t amplified. The telecom company also uses
DWDM (Dense wave length division multiplexing) and SDH(Synchronous digital hierarchy) for back
bone network that need long distance coverage.

DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing)

It is systems capable of longer span lengths. Channel spacing (0.4 nm or 0.8 nm), multiplexing 8,16, 32,
40, 80,160wavelengths. At present, the practical DWDM system works in 1550 nm window for the
purpose of using the gain spectrum feature of the EDFA to directly amplify the composite optical
wavelength signals.

DWDM advantages
• Greater fiber capacity
• Easier network expansion
• Active solutions typically involve optical amplifiers to achieve longer distances.
DWDM Limitations
• Theoretically large number of channels can be packed in a fiber
• It is very expensive
C).RAN Network section
Mobile RAN is a network that provides wireless access to users through radio interface & allows users to
move between coverage areas without losing connection, i.e. handover. RAN consists of both the radio &
transmission parts. A radio access network is a part of a mobile telecommunication system. It implements
a radio access technology. Conceptually, it resides between a devices such as a Mobile phone, a computer,
or any remotely controlled machine and provides connection with its core network. Depending on the
standard mobile phone and other wireless connected devices are varyingly known as user equipment,
terminal equipment, mobile station, etc... Run functionality is typically provided by a silicon chip residing
in both the core network as well as the user equipments.

RAN consists of:-

• Mobile station
• Base transceiver station
• Base station controller
• Mobile Station (MS)
The mobile station consists of the mobile equipment and a smart card called subscriber identity
module (SIM). Mobile equipment processes voice signals, receives and transmit radio signals.
SIM stores all information required for identifying a subscriber and security information,
preventing unauthorized subscribers. Mobile equipment cannot access GSM network without a
SIM card. This card contains phone number, international mobile subscriber identity(IMSI),status
of SIM, service code, authentication key, PIN(personal identification code) and PUK (personal
unlock code).

Figure 2. 3 mobile station

2. Base transceiver station (BTS):- BTSs-houses the radio transceiver of the cell and handles the radio
links protocols with the mobile.

• connects to a number of mobile stations (MSs) and each MS establishes connection through the
user interface um where um is the ISDN U interface for mobile.
• A BTS is also connected to a BSC at through the Abis interface which transmits and receives
data. With four multiplexed channels of 16 kbps or with a 64 kbps channel. In this department in
southern region so many BTS’s are present in any 5km apart. Each BTSs operates to 900MHZ
which is corresponds for rural areas of southern district. The other BTS is operates to 1800MHZ
which is used for urban areas. These BTSs is corresponds to GSM. Similarly CDMA’s BTSs is
found in this section which is operates to frequency of 1800MHZ and 21000 MHZ which is used
to cover town and rural area of southern telecom district respectively.
Components found on BTS:
I. BBU(Base Band Unit)
Responsible for:

• Data encoding/ decoding

• Data encryption/ decryption

II. RRU (Remote Radio Unit)

A remote radio unit (RRU) in a radio base station system can include a cyclic prefix (CP) module with a
CP adder for downlink channel processing and a CP remover for uplink channel processing.

Responsible for:

• Radio frequency processing

• Modulation/Demodulation

Figure 2. 4 Remote radio unit (RRU)

Antenna
Antenna is Responsible for gathering information sent to the BTS and delivering the information to the
RRU. Typically there are two types of antennas i.e. Omni directional and Directional.Omni directional
antenna sends message in any direction and receives message from any direction with only one sector &
the transmitted power radiates out in all directions. So only a small portion of the power is received by the
desired station. Directional antenna uses three sector antennas placed at 1200, and the transmitted power
can be focused in to a narrow beam directed towards the station of interest. As a result Ethio telecom is
using directional antenna in order to reduce noise and interference.

Main function performed by the BTS

• Formation of cells using appropriately directed antennae Processing of signals
• Amplification of signals to acceptable strength so that they can be transmitted without loss of
data.
• Channel coding and decoding (for example, coding voice into bits so that it can be transmitted at
13kbps and decoding received coded signals back to voice).
• Control Frequency hopping so that multiple channels for various mobile stations can operate
simultaneously using different channel band frequencies
• Encoding, encryption, multiplexing, modulation, and radio signal transmission ,
decryption, DE multiplexing and demodulation of received radio signals
• Each BTS serves a single cell
• Support for full- and half-rate speech codec
• Random access detection
• Timing advance
• Uplink radio channel measurements
3. BSC(Base Station Center)
Each cell contains one cell site controller (BSC) that operates under the direction of the mobile switching
center (MSC). BSC serves as a central control for all users within that cell. The mobile unit
communicates with BSC and the BSC communicates with MSC.
Important functions performed by the BSC
• Authentication, encryption ,and decryption of data
• It manages radio resources for one or more BTS
• Allocation and de-allocation of channels
• Transmitter power control
 • Handoff control
The connection between those network elements is like below

Figure 2. 5 BBU+RRU Structure

D).Core Network
The central component of the Network Subsystem is the MSC. The MSC performs the switching of calls
between the mobile and other fixed or mobile network users, as well as the management of mobile
services such as registration, authentication, location updating, handovers, and callrouting to a roaming
subscriber. It also performs such functions as network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others.
Every MSC is identified by a unique ID called Global Title (GT).

Figure 2. 6 The architecture of GSM

MSC POOL DESIGN

An MSC pool consists of multiple MSC servers but at least 3 MSCs are needed. Each radio access
network (RAN) node in MSC pool area is connected to a multiple pooled MSC servers. An MSC pool
network has the following advantage

• Network load is shared among pooled MSC servers. This leads to optimal use of CNresources,
and creates a greater return on investment.
• The number of inter-MSC handovers in the MSC pool is reduced, and the voice quality is
enhanced.

Figure 2. 7 MSc pool

Figure 2. 8 MSc
How Billing iGWB (pull) is done
The MSC contains boards which has cards (PCB) for different purpose located there. Forexample boards
like iGWB (for billing), OMU and SWU (for security). MSC is configured with two pairs of iGWB
boards, each pair of iGWB boards includes twoboards work as active-standby mode. One pair of iGWB
board capacity is 300GB. The iGWB stores the original CDR and the final the CDR then using FTP
server in collaboration with billing center login in to the iGWB through FTP they can download or delete
the final CDR. Based on the CDR iGWB pulls your money.

Figure 2.9 The topology connection of billing

The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC
in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile
station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the mobile
station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed
for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time. The Authentication Center is a protected
database that stores a copy of the secret key stored in each subscriber's SIM card, which is used for
authentication and ciphering of the radio channel.

Authentication Center (AUC)

The AUC protects network operators from different types of fraud found in today's cellular world.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

The Equipment Identity Register is a database that contains a list of all valid mobile equipment on the
network, where its International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) identifies each MS.

An IMEI is marked as invalid if it has been reported stolen or is not type approved or if it’s on EIR Black
list.

• The EIR contains three lists of IMEIs in its database

• White list (handsets allowed to access the network)
• Grey list (handsets to be observed)
• Black list (handsets to be barred from network)
A short message service Centre (SMSC)
is a network element in the mobile telephone network. Its purpose is to store, forward, convert and
delivers SMS messages

Features of MSC
 • call set up/supervision/release
• call routing
• USSD (unstructured supplementary service data)
• CUG (closed user group)
• Ring back tone service for speech like CRBT
• Operator determinate call purge (ODR) per MSC
• Roaming restrictions
• Control handovers
• Check IMEI
• billing information collection
• paging, alerting, echo cancellation
• connection to BSC, other MSC and other local exchange networks
• Access to HLR and VLR

MGW (media gateway)

Used for the resource, announcement when the telephone is switched of or dialing wrong number.

Features of MGW
• CODEC i.e. the type of phone is smart or not differentiated or negotiated.
MSAG:-Multi-Service Access Gateway that Accessing subscriber. The MSAG fullysupport narrowband
voice, data access at different rates, and broad access mode such as XDSL. It meets subscriber demands
and provides customized services according to different telecommunication service demands and
customer groups. It provides the subscribers with voice services and real broadband/narrowband
integrated access solution that are smoothly compatible with data service and broadband service.

• ZXMSG 5200 Multiplex Service Gateway is one of the major Next Generation Network (NGN)
oriented products recently developed by ZTE.
• NGN combines the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN), creating a single multi-service network.
• ZXMSG 5200 is a type of integrated media access gateway but also provides
narrowband and broadband services. It adds a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
module to the previous generation systems.
The following figure shows the MSAG (multi-service access gateway).

Figure 2.10 The external structure of MSAG.

• The internal part of the MSAG consists of a distribution cabin, battery cabin, main device cabin
and temperature-controlling cabin.
• It provides various interfaces such as PSTN, ISDN, xDSL, FE/GE Ethernet and EPON interface.
there are different types of service cards are exist like
GILCA,ALC,RALC,VDSL,EPON,GIS,MPRB,TSLC etc.
The hardware parts of the cards in the MSAG are the following.
 Figure 2. 11 The structure and types of cards.

E).IP (INTERNET PROTOCOL)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and
some control information that enables packets to be routed or Rules to be followed by communicating
devices across a network for exchange of data. In other word, IP is a protocol which is used to relay
(forward) packet data to the end devices by their IP address. The most known IP protocols now a day are
TCP/IP and OSI. Ethio telecom’s IP Network is constructed in such a way that it can provide NGN
(including GSM, Fixed NGN, CDMA, IP/Broadband Access Network services including Value Added
Services) at regional cities, major cities, sub cities, and towns.

ROUTER
Router is a layer3 network gate way device, meaning that it connects two or networks and a hardware
device which operate at network layer that routes data from one network to another network. In other
word router is another network based on the address of the destination network in the incoming data.
Based on the service they can give or relay of data from one network to another network, router in ethio
telecom can be sub divided into five category:-

1. Gateway router: This layer deployed in four sites and contains routers mainly functions to connect
to an external network /internet/. The Ethio Telecom has built extensively Ethiopia’s internet
infrastructure to give better and quality internet service. Currently; there are fifteen international internet
links from Bole, Bahirdar, Mekele, Diredawa and Shashemene gateways.

2. Back bone router: As its name indicates it is a back bone for forwarding packet datahierarchically to
core and edge routers. There are five backbone routers in our country Ethiopia,which are located in Dire
Dawa, Mekele, Bahirdar, Addis Ababa (Bole area) and Shashemene. All these routers are interconnected
to each other by fiber optic cables. Totally sets of BR (T8000), distributed to five cities and each city
deploys two sets of BR, full meshed connection.This layer is mainly responsible for service traffic
forwarding and high capacity communication facilities.

3. Core router: This layer is mainly responsible for service traffic forward convergence and high
capacity communication facilities

4. Edge router: Provides information exchange b/n the access and core network. It is an entry point in
to carrier/service provider core backbone networks and used for aggregation of core switches.

5. Access router: Access layer is where broadband access devices and ethio telecom’s other networks
(GSM, CDMA, FL-NGN) are connected.

Switch
Process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out another interface.

• Process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out another
interface.
• It gives interconnection of switches.
• Examines destination IP address of the packet to find best path in routing table.
• Encapsulate layer 3 packets into a new layer 2 frame and forwards on correct interface.
2.4. My work performance at ethio telecom
I have been executing as an assistant on O&M network division by executing some works(duties) such
as:-

• Checking alarm and notification.

• Checking the equipment running status.
• Assigning a new connection in PSTN
• Check whether the hardware is working properly or not there is an alarm showing red on the
software called C&C08 maintenance.
• Identifying the types of maintenance. i.e. CM or PM
• CM (corrective maintenance) was done if the hardware has got a problem.
• PM (preventive maintenance) was one of the works I have been performing.
2.5 Challenges I have been facing while performing my work task
When I come to the company I expected more on practical knowledge or experience than theoretical. But
the real thing is the reverse. I got knowledge or information most of time from reading and by asking
Questions not by coaching. So this is the first challenge for me. . The second challenge was the workers
are very busy, so it is difficult to ask them some questions. So, I accept the real thing and do what I could
do, this means I read different module and asking the worker and our supervisor as much I can Even if I
grasped so many good things from the

internship, I have faced some challenges. Some of the challenges are the following.

• Having less number of contacts with the supervisors due to their busyness, as they had to move
from place to place more frequently.
• Lack of awareness: they do not expect that students can solve a big problem for such a big
company
2.6 Measurements to Overcome the Challenges
Of course in my first encounter I was a little confused about whom to ask what and found it a little
difficult to ask employees during their work time. But over time, I developed my communication skills
and respectfully tried to get know more employees as friends. When some of them are too busy, there will
be a probability that at least one of the employee is not. Here aresome of the measurements that I took to
overcome the challenges.

• Asking other electrical Engineers for their consult on what I got from my data analysis.
• Assigning myself with some tasks to make myself busy during observing the process.
• Reading documents at office. Like training tools and telephone directory book.
CHAPTER THREE
3. OVERALL KNORLEDGE AND SKILL GAINED FROM THE
INTERNSHIP
benefits of internship are arrangements in which university students lend their talents to companies in
return for an opportunity to develop practical skill and gain exposure to work environment they receive
real practical skill experience and an early opportunity to impress potential employers. Generally, the
overall benefits of internship program are many. The following pages are all describing about the benefits
of the program Benefit of Internship.

3.1. The knowledge gained in terms of improving practical skills

The telecom company has a lot of huge equipments and gives different services for customers. According
to this i have gained a big practical knowledge about next generation network, PSTN fault maintenance,
ADSL configuration. The working experience is somewhat similar to laboratory class in such way that in
both cases you get orientation and theoretical knowledgewhile you are practically observes the
equipments. But, the working experience has wider proportions and it is industrial size and also more
challenging. Beside i have got a lot of practical skill in our daily activities.

3.2. The knowledge gained in terms of upgrading theoretical skills

I felt that i have left a lot of things to learn about communication it is wise technology. Also i was
interested with everything those have in telecom company. It is very interesting because every time the
system invite as to study more to reach the new one. We have gained the knowledge about multi-service
in ethos telecom, services of MSAG and how legal procurements are process. Almost all things were the
revision of our previous knowledge and many new things i got in addition with previous.
3.3 The knowledge gained in terms of improving personal skills
I gained this big thing at last four months. I develop our communication skill very well so this helps us for
many things. The main things i gained by developing our communication skills are; I got a lot of
knowledge by asking our work mates as friends, we spent a good time with them and adapt the work area,
i was happy when i was with them, it helps us to compare the difference of being student and Worker, it
helps us to think about our future and what i would be in every direction. During the last 4 - months of the
internship program i believe i have improved our interpersonal communication skills. Especially, when i
were on field work and when some of our work partners were on another station and when they were
communicating by telephone. There were always things to discuss and argue about and also the ability of
understanding other person’s perspective and trying to prove our point was always inevitable. I have also
had a friendly relationship with all our work partners. I had tea and lunch time, at that time a good
communication with them was held.
3.4. The knowledge gained in terms of improving team-playing skills
As I mentioned above in work time mostly i was with our work partners and spent a good time with them.
“Many Eyes see much deeper than single”. This proverb is to mean that a team of persons comes up with
different ideas to find and to solve the existing problems. As a team member i contributed a lot with them
in many ideas and in our region most of the branch office workers are young’s that gave me a good
opportunity to play more with them, it does mean not saying it is difficult to plays with others. By this
reason, our team playing skills are increased highly and i become more sociable than before. Now for us
it is easy to be with any one in anywhere. Generally, this internship helped us to improve our team
playing skills, which helps us for our next life. That mean i already adapted now the condition; so it is
easy to be as them after graduation.
3.5. The knowledge gained in terms of improving leadership skills
During my internship program i have not worked as a leader, i have learned many leadership skills from
the people that have been in a leading position for some time in the last four months; i had good persons
those thought us what leader would be. They are good leaders, they show the good respect for the lower
stage workers, and they have a good ethics. They are responsible for their section as well as for the
company and from them we learnt many things. Generally, a person who is in the position of leadership
seeks optimal solution to problems and should be smart enough to manage those individuals whom he/she
is leading. The leader must also inspire his/her workers into higher levels of teamwork all the time. By
this side, the above-mentioned persons are good examples for others. My closest leader as well as our
supervisors thought us that a good leader must be strong to carry his/her workers and must be a
responsible for everyone. Not only about the health of the company but also he/she should have to care
for the health of the workers. From them i learnt many things it never been lost from our mind.
3.6. The knowledge gained in terms of understanding Work ethics related issues
Work ethics is a cultural norm that advocates being personally accountable and responsible for the work
that one does and is based on a belief that work has intrinsic Value. The first thing, which mentioned in
the family of work ethics, is punctuality. Every employee should be present on time; in this side, our
staffs were more punctual. We learnt from them that all the time reaching to office the same time with
them. Also respecting each other, giving the big attention for the company equipment is as individual.
Doing everything punctually as well as on time. We got this all from the employees and from daily
activity in our last four months. Generally, we have understood ethics like getting properly, respecting
your work partners; time management, Attitude etc…i have also come to understand the negative impacts
of corruption on our society and how much of attention the government has given to tackle this problem. I
will be a good ethical employee at the next because we understood its negative and positive impact.
3.7. The knowledge gained in terms of Entrepreneurship skills
I have been gained creativity and the ability to solve a problem following the rules like, Risk
management, Self-confidence, Innovative skills, Market understanding ability, developing educational
background with practical skill and develop confidences for proposing solutionable ideas for big
companies.
PART TWO

PROJECT TITLE
DESIGN EXCHANGE OF DATA FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
AND DIVISION
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND
1.1Introduction
The need for computer networking was borne out of the need to use personal computers for sharing
information within an organization in form of messages, sharing files and data bases and so forth. Data
and related reports are crucial for making a good business decisions in today’s world. Data exchange is
the process of taking data structured under a source schema and transforming it into data structured under
a target schema, so that the target data is an accurate representation of the source data [1]. Data exchange
allows data to be shared between different computer programs. Data sharing is the concept of sharing
vital information, details, stats, or insight acrossvdepartments to create a more efficient organization. As
the name data exchange suggests, it reflects the two way partnership of information sharing between
funding agency and service provider. This enables both to find smarter and more efficient ways of
improving service delivery and overall outcomes achieved for individuals and groups.
This project uses Cisco packet tracer software to exchange of data for different section of operation and
maintenance division of NNWR region of Ethiotelecom. Using the Cisco packet tracer configuration the
manager of operation and maintenance division can send the data using either Email or FTP to the
supervisors and workers of the section. Those are transmission, RAN,IP, core, and power section. As well
as those supervisor and workers of those sections are can be send and receive data to the manager. In the
same procedure those workers of sections can be share the data to each other and also the workers share
the data for own supervisor and other sections of supervisor.
1.2 Problem Statement and Justification
To exchange data from/to the manager of operation and maintenance division of NNWR region of
Ethiotelecom to its sections and section of workers was done by calling the phone to workers or
supervisor, by body contact with workers or supervisor, and the messenger. This many have problem on
waste time, human labor, economically. Considering this problem I designed Cisco packet tracer
configuration for the exchange data/information in order to reduce loss of time cost, loss of data and
human labor using this designed software.
1.3 Litrature review

1.4 Objectives Of project

1.4.1 General Objective of Project
• To design and test exchange of data using FTP and mail server.
1.4.2 Specific Objective of Project
 • Configuration router
• To save time
• Reduce human labor
• Decreasing the cost
• Reduce loss of data
1.5 Significance and scope of the project
1.5.1 significance of the project
1. Enhanced Operational Efficiency: By improving data exchange mechanisms, the project aims to
streamline operations within telecommunications companies. This can lead to reduced downtime, faster
response times to issues, and overall improved service delivery.
2. Improved Service Quality: Effective data exchange allows for better monitoring and analysis of
network performance, enabling proactive measures to enhance service quality. This can result in higher
customer satisfaction and retention rates.
3. Data-Driven Decision Making: The project emphasizes the importance of leveraging data for
informed decision-making. By integrating advanced analytics, organizations can make strategic decisions
that optimize resources and improve service offerings.
4. Cost Reduction: Enhanced operational efficiency and service quality can lead to significant cost
savings. By minimizing waste and optimizing resource allocation, organizations can reduce operational
expenses and increase profitability.

1.5.2 scope of the project

1. Data Exchange Framework Development: Design and implement a comprehensive framework that
facilitates efficient data exchange across various departments and systems within the organization.
2. Stakeholder Engagement: Identify and engage with key stakeholders, including network operators,
technology vendors, regulatory bodies, and customers, to gather requirements and insights for effective
data exchange.
3. Technology Integration:Assess and integrate relevant technologies such as cloud computing, artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain to enhance data
exchange capabilities.
4. Interoperability Standards: Establish interoperability standards that enable seamless data sharing and
communication among different systems, platforms, and devices within the telecommunications
ecosystem.
5. Data Security and Privacy Measures: Implement robust data security protocols and privacy measures
to protect sensitive information and ensure compliance with industry regulations and standards.
 CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
the method that i was trying to solve the identified problem is by collecting a data from workers of core
section of the company and I ask them to give me some hints how can i work about the project i take a
valuable survey

DESIGN PART OF THE PROJECT

DESIGN NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND DISCRIPTION

Figure 2. 1 Complete diagram of network topology using Cisco packet tracer

ROUTER:
Router is Computer that specializes in sending packets over the data network. They are responsible for
interconnecting networks by selecting the best path for a packet to travel and forwarding packets to their
destination. Routers are used to direct packet to its destination and examine a packet’s destination IP
address and determine the best path by the aid of a routing table. Routers generally have 2 connections:
WAN connection (Connection to ISP) and LAN connection. LAN Interfaces are used to connect router to
LAN network. WAN Interfaces are used to connect routers to external networks that interconnect LANs.
Major function of router is Regenerate and retransmits data signals, Maintain information about what
pathways exist through the network and internetwork.
ROUTER CONFIGURATION
Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0

Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/1

Figure 2.2 Configuration of router interface

Switch:
Ethernet switches (packet switch) selectively forward individual frames from a receiving port to the port
where the destination node is connected. Switching technologies can make a significant and positive
impact in any company’s profit line.
Computer: - A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic
or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of operations,
called programs, enables them to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. For the design I used to one
router, six switches, two servers and more than 10 computers. Each computers have its own IP address,
the default gateway of the computers are the same (192.168.1.1) except the computer assign for the
manager of operation and maintenance division, for the manager 192.168.2.1 the subnet mask of the
computers the section are the same because those are under the same network (192.168.1.0) and those
computers subnet mask is255.255.255.0, but the subnet mask for the manager computer is under the
network of 192.168.2.0 and its subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. The cables I used to configure are both
cross over and straight through. In order to connect computer and router I used cross over cable because
computers and router are similar device that means router is small computer. The cable I used to connect
router and switch are straight through cable, due to different device. Generally the same devices are
connected by cross over cable but different devices connected by straight through cable.
Configure FTP Services on Servers
In this activity, you will configure FTP services. You will then use the FTP services to transfer files
between clients and the server.
Steps:
a. Click Server > Config tab > FTP.
b. Click On to enable FTP service.
c. In User Setup, create the following user accounts. Click the + button to add the account

Username Password Permissions

manager 123 RWDL
Upload a File to the FTP Server
Transfer the README.txt file from the home laptop to Server.
As network administrator, you must place a notice on the FTP servers. The document has been created on
the home laptop and must be uploaded to the FTP servers.
a. Click Home Laptop and click the Desktop tab > Text Editor.
b. Open the README.txty file and review it. Close the Text Editor when done. Note: Do not
change the file because this affects scoring.
c. In the Desktop tab, open the Command Prompt window and perform the following steps:
1) Type ftp and ip address. Wait several seconds while the client connects. Note: Since Packet
Tracer is a simulation, it can take up to 30 seconds for FTP to connect the first time.
2) The server prompts for a username and password. Use the credentials for the administrator
3) The prompt changes to ftp>. List the contents of the directory by typing dir. The file directory on
Server displays.
4) Transfer the README.txt file: at the ftp> prompt, type put README.txt. The README.txt file is
transferred from the home laptop to Server.
5) Verify the transfer of the file by typing dir. The README.txt file is now listed in the file directory.
6) Close the FTP client by typing quit. The prompt will return to PC>.
Download a File from the FTP Server
Transfer README.txty from Server to PC2.
a. Click PC and click the Desktop tab > Command Prompt.
1) Type ftp then ip address of the server.
2) The server prompts for a username and password. Use the credentials for the anonymous
account.
3) The prompt changes to ftp>. List the contents of the directory by typing dir. The README.txt
file is listed at the top of the directory list.
4) Download the README.txt file: at the ftp> prompt, type get README.txt. The
README.txt file is transferred to PC.
Configure and Verify Email Services on Servers
a. Click Server, and then select the Services tab followed by the EMAIL button.
b. Click On to enable the SMTP and POP3.
c. Set the domain name to gmail.com and click Set.
d. Create a user named user with password cisco. Click + to add the user. Configure PC to use the Server
email service.
e. Click PC and click the Desktop tab > E Mail.
f. Enter the following values into their respective fields:
1) Your Name: mezge
2) Email Address: [email protected]
3) Incoming Mail Server: 192.168.1.2
4) Outgoing Mail Server: 192.168.1.2
5) User Name: mezgebu
6) Password: 123
g. Click Save. The Mail Browser window displays.
h. Click Receive. If everything has been set up correctly on both the client and server, the Mail Browser
window displays the Receive Mail Success message confirmation.

CHAPTER THREE
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The construction of simulation for the design of data exchange was successful in this project.
Before this project other project was done by using Cisco packet tracer design to exchange data
for small offices, campus and other organization. But this project is different from the others.
The main different from the other project is, this project consider only the operation and maintenance
division and its section of Ethio telecom of NNWRregion.
The results obtained from the design and analyses of the network are presented as follows:
The following shows ping to access FTP and Email server

Figure 3.1 Simulating the client and servers

When O&M manager try to send Email
CHAPTER FOUR
LIMITATION AND FUTURE WORK
4.1 Limitations
1. Data Security and Privacy Concerns: One of the major limitations is the challenge of ensuring data
security and privacy. The sharing of sensitive operational data can expose organizations to security
breaches and compliance issues with regulations such as GDPR or CCPA.
2. Interoperability Issues: While standardization is essential, achieving full interoperability across
diverse systems and technologies can be difficult. Different vendors may have proprietary systems that do
not easily integrate, leading to potential data silos.
3. Scalability: As networks grow in complexity and size, the data exchange mechanisms must also scale
accordingly. Existing solutions may struggle to handle large volumes of data efficiently, impacting
performance and responsiveness.
4. Cost Implications: Implementing advanced data exchange frameworks often requires significant
investment in technology and training. Smaller organizations may find it challenging to allocate resources
for such initiatives.
5. Quality of Data: The effectiveness of data analytics relies heavily on the quality of the data being
shared. Inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated data can lead to erroneous conclusions and ineffective
decision-making.
6. Resistance to Change: Organizational culture can impede the adoption of new data exchange
practices. Employees may resist changes to established processes, hindering the implementation of
innovative solutions.
4.2 future work
1. Enhanced Security Protocols: Future research should focus on developing robust security protocols
that protect data during exchange while maintaining compliance with regulatory standards. This could
involve advanced encryption techniques and secure access controls.
2. Interoperability Frameworks: Developing comprehensive interoperability frameworks that facilitate
seamless integration across various systems and platforms will be crucial. This could involve
collaboration among industry stakeholders to create common standards.
3. Scalable Solutions: Research into scalable data exchange solutions that can adapt to growing network
demands is necessary. This includes exploring cloud-based architectures and decentralized data
management approaches.

CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion
Actually, this internship program provided us to introduce and give a knowhow on how the professional
life looks like, and to make a bridge that links the student life with the professional life, in addition to
observe and fill the gap between the theoretical and practical knowledge. Working in the customer service
staff was a nice experience. Moreover, the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start a
career. We take pride in contributing, what is expected from us in building our nation during the country's
extreme critical period of the history. It definitely will be sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate
it in other disciplines as well.

5.2. Recommendation
It is well known that without skilled manpower the development of a country and company is
unthinkable. Therefore, the company from now on wards should have to pay great attention for the
internship program and to give enough support for the intern to complete its training successfully. In our
opinion, it is crucial to develop the rotation of intern division from one to another division. If the intern is
in the wrong division, we think it is a waste of four months. It is also very nice to recommend that the
university institute and university inter linkage office have to closely follow up the interns and help to
generate very nice ideas.

References
[1].Books and manuals of the company
[2].Tarmo Anttalainen, Introduction to Telecommunications
[3].Company website (www.ethiotelecom.com)
[4].Low level design for CN
[5]. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_networks, Retrieved 10th November, 2019.
[6]. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/local_area_network, Retrieved 10th November, 2019.
[7]. Todd Lammle, Cisco Certified network associate study guide (Wiley Publishing Inc., 2007).
[8]. David D. C., Kenneth T.P., David P.R, An introduction to local area networks, Proc. of the
IEEE conf., Vol. 66, 1978.