AAU

MEDICINE
COC QUESTIONS

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1. The largest unit in which gene flow is possible is:
- a. Population

- b. Species

- c. Genus

- d. Subspecies

- e. Population

- Answer: B (Species)

- Explanation: GENE FLOW, THE TRANS FER OF GENETIC MATERIAL , TY PICALLY

OCCURS WITHIN A SPEC IES. WHILE INDIV IDUA LS WITHIN A POPULATI ON CAN
EXCHANGE GENES, THE TERM "SPECIES" REPRESENTS THE LARGEST UN IT WHERE GENE
FLOW IS SIGNIFICANT.

2. Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with a tissue?

- a. Haversian system–bone

- b. Platelets–blood

- c. Fibroblasts–skeletal muscle

- d. Basement membrane–epithelium

- e. Cerebral cortex–Neurons

- Answer: C (Fibroblasts–skeletal muscle)

- Explanation: FIBROBLASTS ARE CONN ECTIV E TISS UE CELLS, AND THEY ARE NOT
TY PICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SKELETAL MUSCLE TISS UE . FIBROBLASTS ARE MORE
COMMONLY FOUND IN TISSUES LIKE THE DERMIS OF THE SKIN.

3. The diagram below shows an error in a biological process. What is the

process?
- a. Crossing over

- b. Meiosis
 - c. Mitosis

- d. Pleiotropy

- e. Misogyny

- Answer: B (Meiosis)

- Explanation: MEIOSIS INV OLV ES THE FORMATION OF GAMETE S (S PERM AND EGG
CELLS) AND INCLUDES PROCESSES LIKE CROSSING OV ER. ERRORS IN MEIOSIS CAN
LEAD TO GENETIC ABNORMALITIES.

4. This biome exhibits the greatest diversity in plant species.

- a. Grassland

- b. Tropical rainforest

- c. Taiga

- d. Tundra

- e. Deciduous forest

- Answer: B (Tropical rainforest)

- Explanation: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS ARE KNOWN FOR THEIR UN PARALLELED

BIODIV ERSITY , HOSTIN G A WIDE V ARIETY OF PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES.

5. How does DNA differ from RNA?

- a. Two of their nitrogenous bases are different

- b. They contain different sugars

- c. RNA consists of two strands in a double helix, while DNA is single-stranded

- d. All of the nitrogenous bases are different

- e. There is no difference, they are just two abbreviations for the same biochemical

- Answer: B (They contain different sugars)

- Explanation: DNA CONTAINS DEOXY RIBOSE SUGAR, WHILE RNA CONTAINS RIBOSE
SUGAR .
6. Human sex hormones are classifi ed as:
- a. Proteins

- b. Lipids

- c. Triacylglycerols

- d. Amino acids

- e. Oligosaccharides

- Answer: B (Lipids)

- Explanation: HUMAN SEX HORMONES, S UCH AS ESTROGEN AND TES TOS TERONE,
BELONG TO THE LIPID (STEROID) CLASS OF MOLECULES.

7. The Ethiopian scientist who discovered analchol for medical treatment

is:
- A. Patrick Habtamu Watson

- B. Getachew Boledian

- C. Pr Yalem Tsehay Mekonen

- D. Dr. Gabbisa Ejeta

- Answer: B (Getachew Boledian)

- Explanation: GETACHEW BOLEDIAN IS CREDITED WITH DISCOV ERING ANALCHOL

FOR MEDICAL TREATMEN T.

8. _______________ was an endocrinologist at the University of

Michigan (USA) working with reproductive endocrinology and infertility.
- A. Sebsbe Demsew

- B. Zeresenay Alemseged

- C. Kitaw Ejigu
 - D. Senait Fisseha

- Answer: D (Senait Fisseha)

- Explanation: SENAIT FISSEHA IS KNOWN FOR HER WORK IN REPRODUC TIV E

ENDOCRINOLOGY AND INFERTILITY AT THE UNIV ERSITY OF MICHIGAN.

9. Which is the first Ethiopian Government Hospital?

- A. Menilik II hospital

- B. Mekdela Amba hospital

- C. Genzebe Dibaba hospital

- D. Tewodros II

- Answer: A (Menilik II hospital)

- Explanation: MENILIK II HOSPITAL IS RECOGNIZED AS THE FIRST E THIOPIAN

GOV ERNMENT HOSPITAL.

10. Who was the first Ethiopian educated as a medical doctor?

- A. Aklilu Lemma

- B. Yalemtsehay Wedajo

- C. Workneh Eshete

- D. Dinberu Thoms

- Answer: C (Workneh Eshete)

- Explanation: WORKNEH ESHETE WAS THE FIRST ETHIOPIA N TO BE EDUCATED AS A

MEDICAL DOCTOR.

11. If humans and panda bears belong to the same class, then they must
also belong to the same:
- a. Order
 - b. Phylum

- c. Family

- d. Species

- e. Genus

- Answer: B (Phylum)

- Explanation: IN BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICA TION, ORGANISMS THAT BELONG TO THE

SAME CLASS ALSO BELONG TO THE SAME PHY LUM.

12. The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative
phosphorylation is:
- a. The oxidation of glucose as well as other organic compounds

- b. The endergonic flow of electrons down the electron transport chain

- c. A difference of H+ concentrations on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial

membrane

- d. The transfer of phosphate to ADP

- e. The formation of cyclic AMP

- Answer: C

- Explanation: DURING OXIDATIV E PHOSPHORY LATION, THE EN ERGY FROM THE

DIFFERENCE IN H+ CON CENTRATIONS ACROSS THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL
MEMBRANE DRIV ES ATP SYNTHESIS.

13. Which of the following is NOT thought to be ancestral to humans?

- a. Primates

- b. Bony fish

- c. Amphibians

- d. Birds

- e. All of the above

- Answer: C (Amphibians)
 - Explanation: HUMANS ARE NOT THOUGH T TO BE DIRECTLY AN CESTRAL TO
AMPHIBIANS. THE COMMON ANCESTOR OF HUMAN S AND OTHER PRIMA TES IS
BELIEV ED TO BE MORE AN CIENT.

14. Which of the following is NOT a true statement describing the

difference between monocots and dicots?
- a. Vascular bundles scattered in monocot stem, central vascular stele in dicot stem

- b. One cotyledon in monocots, two cotyledons in dicot seeds

- c. Usually only primary growth in monocots, secondary growth in many dicots

- d. Parallel veins in monocots, branching netlike venation in dicot leaves

- e. All of the above

- Answer: A

- Explanation: MONOCOTS TY PICALLY HAV E VASCULAR BUNDLES SCATTERED

THROUGHOUT THE STE M, WHILE DICOTS HAV E A CENTRAL ARRANGEMENT .

15. Which of the following structures is incorrectly paired with a tissue?

- a. Haversian system–bone

- b. Platelets–blood

- c. Fibroblasts–skeletal muscle

- d. Basement membrane–epithelium

- e. Cerebral cortex–Neurons

- Answer: C (Fibroblasts–skeletal muscle)

- Explanation: FIBROBLASTS ARE CONN ECTIV E TISS UE CELLS AND ARE NOT TY PICALLY
FOUND IN SKELETAL MUSCLE TISS UE

16. Compared to a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has:
- a. Less surface area per unit of volume
 - b. Less surface area

- c. The same surface-to-volume ratio

- d. A smaller cytoplasm to nucleus ratio

- e. A smaller volume

- Answer: A

- Explanation: AS A CELL GROWS LA RGER, ITS S URFACE AREA-TO-V OLUME RATIO

DECREASES, MAKING IT LESS EFFICIENT IN N UTRIEN T AND WASTE EXCHANGE.

17. Which of the following enzymes has the lowest pH optimum?

- a. Salivary amylase

- b. Pepsin

- c. Pancreatic amylase

- d. Pancreatic lipase

- e. DNA ligase

- Answer: B (Pepsin)

- Explanation: PEPSIN, AN ENZY ME IN THE STOMACH , FUNC TIONS OPTIMALLY AT A

LOW PH.

18. A pea plant had green pods, which is a dominant phenotype . It was
determined after a test cross that half the F1 population had green pods,
and the other half had yellow pods, which is a recessive phenotype. We
can say that the original pea plant was:
- a. Homozygous dominant

- b. Heterozygous

- c. Homozygous recessive

- d. A genetic mutant
 - e. Exhibiting genetic drift

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE PRESENCE OF BOTH GREEN AND YELLOW PODS IN THE F1

GENERATION S UGGES TS THAT THE ORIGINAL PEA PLANT WAS HETEROZY GOUS .

19. After the surgical removal of a diseased gallbladder, a patient must

be careful to limit their intake of:
- a. Simple carbohydrates

- b. Lipids

- c. Complex carbohydrates

- d. Proteins

- e. Minerals

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE GALLBLADDER IS INVOLV ED IN THE STORAGE AND RELEASE OF

BILE, WHICH AIDS IN THE DIGES TION OF LIP IDS.

20. During the histology laboratory class of the first year of medical
school, a student observes the epithelium of human skin, and notices the
cells are layered, flat, and scaly. The sample is:
- a. Stratified squamous

- b. Simple squamous

- c. Pseudostratified cuboidal

- d. Stratified columnar

- e. Stratified cuboidal

- Answer: A

- Explanation: THE DESCRIPTION FITS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFIED

SQUA MOUS EPITHELIUM, WHICH IS FOUND IN THE OUTE R LAY ER OF THE SKIN.
21. Of the following physical responses, which is the best example of
positive feedback?
- a. Increased blood glucose levels cause the secretion of insulin from the pancreas,
which in turn lowers blood glucose levels

- b. A reduced concentration of oxygen in the lungs triggers the production of more

red blood cells in order to carry more oxygen.

- c. When a certain nerve cell is stimulated, it causes sodium ions to leak into the cell.
The influx of sodium causes even more sodium to then enter the cell as well.

- d. An increased CO2 concentration in the blood induces deeper, more rapid

breathing which expels the CO2 from the lungs and, consequently, the blood.

- e. As the core body temperature rises, sweat is released to cool the body via
evaporation.

- Answer: C

- Explanation: POSITIV E FEEDBACK AMPLIFIES THE STIMUL US , AND IN THIS CASE , THE
STIMULA TION OF SODIUM INFL UX LEADS TO AN EV EN GREATER SODIUM ENTRY .

22. Molecular biologists designed a bacteriophage with the protein coat

of phage T2 and the DNA of phage T4. If this composite phage is then
allowed to infect bacteria, the phages produced in the host cells would
be:
- a. The protein of T2 and the DNA of T4

- b. The protein and DNA of T4

- c. The protein of T4 and the DNA of T2

- d. The protein and DNA of T2

- e. The phage will not be able to effectively infect bacteria.

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE RESUL TING PHAGES WOULD CARRY THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF T4
(DNA) AND THE PROTEIN COAT OF T2.
23. A woman has a colorblind father. However, she is not colorblind. Her
husband is also colorblind. The gene for being colorblind is X -linked
recessive. What is the probability of their male offspring being
colorblind?
- a. 100%

- b. 75%

- c. 50%

- d. 25%

- e. 0%

- Answer: C

- Explanation: THE WOMAN MUS T BE A CARRIER (X^CX^C), AND THE PROBABILITY

OF PASSING THE COLORBLIND ALLELE TO A MA LE OFFSPRING IS 50%.

24. If humans and panda bears belong to the same class, then they must
also belong to the same:
- a. Order

- b. Phylum

- c. Family

- d. Species

- e. Genus

- Answer: B

- Explanation: IN BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION, ORGANISMS THAT BELONG TO THE

SAME CLASS ALSO BELONG TO THE SAME PHY LUM.

25: The systemic circulation of 'oxygenated' and 'deoxygenated' blood is

known as
- A) Circulatory system
 - B) Ligament system

- C) Filament system

- D) Cartilage system

- Answer: A

- Explanation: THE SY STEMIC CIRCULA TION INV OLV ES THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD
BETWEEN THE HEART AN D THE REST OF THE BODY , DELIV ERING OXY GENATED BLOOD
AND RETURNING DEOXY GENATED BLOOD.

26: Lymphatic system of the human body is classified as

- A) Filament system

- B) Ligament system

- C) Closed system

- D) Open system

- Answer: D

- Explanation: THE LY MPHATIC SY STEM IS AN OPEN SY STEM THAT H ELPS MAINTAIN

FLUID BALANCE AND TR ANSPORTS LY MPH THROUGHOUT THE BODY .

27: The depletion of blood from the heart in the 'Cardiovascular System'
is classified as
- A) Circulatory system of arteries

- B) Circulatory system of lungs

- C) Circulatory system of blood

- D) Circulatory system of lymph

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SY STEM INV OLVES THE CIRCULATION OF

BLOOD THROUGH THE HEAR T AND BLOOD V ESSEL S, INCLUDING THE PULMONARY
CIRCULATION IN THE L UNGS .
28) Glands of Moll are modified
- A) Oil glands

- B) Tear glands

- C) Sweet glands

- D) Scent glands

- Answer: C

- Explanation: GLANDS OF MOLL ARE MODIFIED SWEAT GLAN DS FOUND IN THE

EY ELIDS THAT PRODUCE A SECRETION TO KEEP THE EY ES MOIST.

29) The secretion of lacrimal gland is

- A) Watery

- B) Acidic

- C) Oily

- D) Alkaline

- Answer: A

- Explanation: THE LACRIMAL GLAND SECRETES WATERY TEA RS THAT HELP KEEP THE
EY ES LUBRICATED.

30) Colour to the eye is imparted by

- A) Lens

- B) Pupil

- C) Iris

- D) Vitreous humor

- Answer: C
 - Explanation: THE IRIS OF THE EY E CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUP IL, REGULA TING
THE AMOUN T OF LIGH T ENTERING THE EY E AND CONTRIB UTING TO THE PERCEPTION OF
COLOR.

31. The fertilised egg is known as a before it begins to divide.

- A) Blastocyst

- B) Morula

- C) Trophoblast

- D) Embryo

- E) Zygote

- Answer: E

- Explanation: THE ZY GOTE IS THE FERTILIZED EGG FORMED BY THE FUSION OF S PERM
AND EGG BEFORE IT UN DERGOES CELL DIV ISION.

32. What is the tube through which both urine and semen leave a man’s
body called?
- A) Epididymis

- B) Spermatic cord

- C) Seminiferous tubule

- D) Urethra

- E) Ureter

- Answer: D

- Explanation: THE URE THRA IS THE T UBE THROUGH WHICH BO TH URINE AND SEMEN
PASS FROM THE MALE BODY .
33. If an ovum (egg) is fertilized by a sperm, it usually takes place in the:
- A) Ovary

- B) Fallopian tube (oviduct)

- C) Endometrium

- D) Myometrium

- E) Cervix

- Answer: B

- Explanation: FERTILIZATION TY PICA LLY OCCURS IN THE FA LLOPIAN TUBES.

34. Which of the following is NOT a physiological function of the placenta during
pregnancy?
- A) Exchanging nutrients and waste

- B) Delivery of oxygen

- C) Removal of carbon dioxide

- D) Producing antibodies

- E) Producing hormones

- Answer: D

- Explanation: THE PLACENTA IS NOT PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING

ANTIBODIES ; IT FOCUS ES ON NUTRIEN T EXCHA NGE AND HORMONE PROD UCTION .

35. Production of estrogen by the ovaries falls during the

perimenopausal period in women because:
- A) The ovaries become increasingly less sensitive to gonadotrophins

- B) Bone remodeling increases

- C) The ovaries become less sensitive to gonadotrophins

- D) The corpus luteum becomes a corpus albicans

 - E) There is a surge of LH from the pituitary gland

- Answer: C

- Explanation: DURING PERIMENOPAUSE , THE OV ARIES BECOME LESS SENSITIV E TO

GONADOTROPHINS, LEAD ING TO CHANGES IN HORMONE PRODUCTION.

36. The size of the pupil decreases due to the contraction of:
- A) Radial muscles

- B) Circular muscles

- C) Both circular and radial muscles

- D) Nictitating membrane

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE CONTRACTION OF C IRCULAR MUSCLES AROUN D THE PUPIL

REDUCES ITS SIZE .

37. Taste buds are located on:

- A) Plate

- B) Tongue only

- C) Pharynx

- D) All the above

- Answer: D

- Explanation: TASTE B UDS ARE FOUND NOT ONLY ON THE TONGUE BUT ALSO ON
THE PALATE AND PHARY NX.

38. Eustachian tube is meant for:

- A) Amplifying sound waves

- B) To listen to activities in the buccopharyngeal cavity

- C) Equalizing pressure on the two sides of the tympanum

- D) To keep the middle ear moist

 - Answer: C

- Explanation: THE EUS TACHIAN TUBE HELPS EQUALIZE PRESSURE ON BOTH SIDES OF
THE EARDRUM.

39. Ventilation (breathing) is a regular, rhythmic process which:

- A) Moves air into and out of the lungs

- B) Releases energy from glucose within living cells

- C) Reduces the surface tension of the lining of the lung

- D) Protects the airways by clearing them of mucus or irritants

- E) Moves gases from an area of high concentration to an area of lower

concentration

- Answer: A

- Explanation: V ENTILATION INV OLVES THE REGULAR MOV EMEN T OF AIR INTO AND
OUT OF THE L UNGS TO FACILITATE GAS EXCHANGE.

40. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the upper

respiratory tract?
- A) Larynx

- B) Trachea

- C) Lung

- D) Epiglottis

- E) Pharynx

- Answer: C

- Explanation: THE LUNGS ARE PART OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT.

41. What is the anatomically correct name for the windpipe?
- A) Pharynx

- B) Bronchiole

- C) Larynx

- D) Alveolar duct

- E) Trachea

- Answer: E

- Explanation: THE TRACHEA IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE WINDPIPE.

42. Which of the following is the function of the diaphragm in expiration?

- A) Production of energy

- B) Relaxation

- C) Contraction

- D) Gaseous exchange

- E) Helping the lungs to stay inflated

- Answer: B

- Explanation: THE DIAPHRAGM RELAXES DURING EXPIRATION, ALLOWING THE

LUNGS TO EXPEL AIR .

43. Pulmonary surfactant:

- A) Protects the surface of the lungs

- B) Eliminates small particles and dust

- C) Is made by bronchioles

- D) Prevents the alveoli from collapsing

- E) Can change color to green or yellow when infected

 - Answer: D

- Explanation: PULMONARY SURFACTANT REDUCES S URFACE TEN SION AND

PREV ENTS ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE DURING EXPIRA TION .

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