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Keys and Keyways

Keys are used to transmit torque from a rotating machine element to a shaft. There are different types of keys such as square, rectangular, and tapered keys. Keys are designed to fail before overloads can cause damage to the shaft or attached component. Stress analysis is performed on keys to determine the minimum required length to prevent shear or bearing failure. Cutting keyways into shafts creates stress concentrations that are accounted for using stress concentration factors.

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Tarek Mohammed Ibrahim
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
687 views

Keys and Keyways

Keys are used to transmit torque from a rotating machine element to a shaft. There are different types of keys such as square, rectangular, and tapered keys. Keys are designed to fail before overloads can cause damage to the shaft or attached component. Stress analysis is performed on keys to determine the minimum required length to prevent shear or bearing failure. Cutting keyways into shafts creates stress concentrations that are accounted for using stress concentration factors.

Uploaded by

Tarek Mohammed Ibrahim
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KEYS AND KEYWAYS

Keys are used to transmit torque from a rotating machine element to the shaft

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

KEYS AND KEYWAYS


Types of keys

Keys and Keyways are given in ANSI B17.1-1967.Standard contains tables of recommended key sizes versus shaft diameter.
Union College Dept. of ME MER419: Mechanical System Design

SQUARE & RECTANGULAR KEYS


Standard contains tables of recommended key sizes versus shaft diameter.
-The hub is slightly larger than the

shaft and key to allow it to slide over the shaft during assembly. -The set screw is used to take up the slack. -The resulting friction is used to provide resistance to axial motion. Thread adhesive may be required to ensure that vibration doesn.t cause the set screw to loosen.

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

TAPERED KEYS

Designed to be inserted from the end of the shaft after the hub is in position. The taper will impart a compressive contact pressure between the hub and the shaft. Friction will help transmit torque and provide resistance to axial motion of the hub relative to the shaft. Tapered keys do not require set screws. Access to both ends of tapered keys are required so that the key can be inserted and driven out when the key is being removed.
Union College Dept. of ME MER419: Mechanical System Design

OTHER TYPES OF KEYS

Gib Head Keys

Woodruff Keys

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

STRESS ANALYSIS OF PARALLEL KEYS

A key has two failure mechanisms: - 1. it can be sheared off, and -2. it can be crushed due to the compressive bearing forces.

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

SHEAR STRESS ANALYSIS


Square Rectangular Parallel Keys

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

REQUIRED KEY LENGTH IN SHEAR


The required key length can be obtained using either the maximum shear stress theory or by setting the average stress equal to the allowable shear stress.
MSS

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

BEARING STRESS

Union College Dept. of ME

MER419: Mechanical System Design

SHEAR AND BEARING LENGTH


Minimum required Length to prevent shear failure: Minimum required Length to prevent bearing failure:

- If K=1 in the Lb equation, these equations give the same result for a square key. (H = W) - In general K will be greater than 1.0 and more shear failures will be observed in the field. - Keys are generally designed to fail before overloads can cause damage to the shaft or attached component.
Union College Dept. of ME MER419: Mechanical System Design

STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTORS FOR KEYWAYS


- Cutting Keyways create stress concentrations in shafts. - There are different stress concentration factors for bending and torsional loads. - For flat end mills, it is recommended to use Kt=2.14 for bending and Kts=2.62 for torsion. - These may be reduced by using key seats made with bull end mills. - The stress concentration factor for a sled runner key seat is significantly lower than for a profile key seat. - A circular key and keyway will have lower stress concentration factors any other key geometry.
Union College Dept. of ME MER419: Mechanical System Design

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