MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Elastic behaviour of Solids & Stress and Strain 6. The reason for the change in shape of a regular body is
1. The force constant of a wire does not depend on (a) Volume stress (b) Shearing strain
(a) Nature of the material (b) Radius of the wire (c) Longitudinal strain (d) Metallic strain
(c) Length of the wire (d) none of these Ans. (b)
Ans. (d) Sol. Shearing strain
Sol. Force constant depends upon nature of material, radius of 7. One end of a uniform rod of mass m1 and cross-sectional
wire and length of wire area A is hung from a ceiling. The other end of the bar is
2. The ratio of radii of two wires of same material is 2 : 1. supporting mass m2. The stress at the midpoint is
Stretched by same force, then the ratio of stress is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
Ans. (c)

(stress) A FA AB F p rB2 1
Sol. = ´ = ´ =
(stress) B FB AA F p rA2 4

3. The length of a wire is increased by 1 mm on the application g m 2 + 2 m1 g m 2 + m1

(a) (b)
of a given load. In a wire of the same material, but of length 2A 2A
and radius twice that of the first, on application of the same
load, extension is g 2 m 2 + m1 g m 2 + m1
(c) (d)
(a) 0.25 mm (b) 0.5 mm 2A 3A
(c) 2 mm (d) 4 mm Ans. (c)
Ans. (b)
Fl Sol.
Sol. Δl = = 1mm
p R 2Y
F.2l 1 é Fl ù
Δl ' = =
4p R 2 Y 2 êë p R 2 Y úû
1
Δl ' = [Δl] = 0.5 mm
2
4. If equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to
elongate it, the stress so produced is called
(a) Tensile stress (b) Compressive stress
(c) Tangential stress (d) Working stress At mid point, Tension is the force acting, which is equal to
Ans. (a)
æ m1 ö
Sol. Tensile stress ç m2 + ÷ g .
è g ø
5. The longitudinal extension of any elastic material is very
small. In order to have an appreciable change, the material
must be in the form of Stress at mid point
(a) Long thick wire (b) Short thick wire
æ m 1ö
(c) Long thin wire (d) Short thin wire çm 2 + ÷g
2ø
Ans. (c) =è
A
Sol. Yµl
2m 2 + m 1 g
1 =
Yµ 2A
A
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 2

8. A wire of cross section A is stretched horizontally between

Force ´ L WL
two clamps located 2l metres apart. A weight W kg is Y= =
A´l Al
Suspended from the mid-point of the wire. If the mid-point
sags vertically through a distance x < 1 the strain produced WL
is: \l =
AY
2x 2 x2
(a) (b) L
l2 l2 Due to pulley arrangement , the length of wire is on
2
x2
(c) (d) None of these
2l2 l
each side and so the elongation will be
Ans. (c) 2
Sol. For both sides , elongation = l
10. A wire can sustain the weight of 20 kg before breaking. If
the wire is cut into two equal parts, each part can sustain a
weight of
(a) 10 kg (b) 20 kg
(c) 40 kg (d) 35 kg
Ans. (b)
Sol. Breaking stress depends upon area of wire and nature of
material of wire.
Δl 2 l 2 + x 2 - 2l 11. Two wires of the same material and same mass are stretched
strain = = by the same force. Their lengths are in the ratio 2 : 3. Their
l 2l
elongations are in the ratio
l2 + x2 (a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
= –1
l2 (c) 4 : 9 (d) 9 : 4
1
æ x ö 2 2 Ans. (c)
= ç1 + 2 ÷ –1 Sol. As mass and matrial is same so, their volume will be same
è l ø
V1 A1 l1
x2 Þ = ×
= V2 A2 l 2
2l 2
9. A wire elongates by l mm when a load w is hung from it. If As V1 = V2 , A1l1 = A2 l 2
the wire goes over a pulley and two weights w each are
Fl
hung at the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be As Y =
ADl
(in mm)
For two wires having same matrial and same force
(a) l (b) 2 l appliedm
(c) zero (d) l/2
l1 l2
Ans. (a) =
A1Dl1 A2 Dl 2
2
Sol. Dl1 A2 æ l1 ö 4
Þ = × ç ÷ = by applying (1)
Dl 2 A2 è l 2 ø 9
12. A rubber ball is taken to a depth of 200 m in a pool. Its
volume decreases by 0.1%. If the density of the water
3 3 2
is 1 × 10 kg/m and g = 10 m/s , then the volume elasticity
2
(Bulk modulus) in N/m will be
8 8
(a) 10 (b) 2 × 10
9 9
(c) 10 (d) 2 × 10
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 3

Ans. (d) If L is the maximum length of he wire that can be

suspended. Then F = mg, where m= r LA (where A = cross-
Sol. P
B= sectional area)
ΔV
V mg rLA
\ Maximum stress = = g. = rLg
A A
ΔV
Now ´ 100 = 0.1
V Given, breaking stess s b = 7.8 ´ 109 Nm –2

DV 1
= 10 –3 Þ L = 7.8 ´ 10 9 ´
V 7800 ´ 10

P = r w gh or L = 105 m = 100 km

103 ´10 ´ 200 16. To break a wire of one-meter length, minimum weight of
B= = 2 ´109 N / m 2
10 -3 40 kg wt is required. Then the wire of same material of
–5 double radius and 6 m length will require a breaking weight
13. The compressibility of water is 4 × 10 per unit
(in kg-wt)
atmospheric pressure. The decrease in volume of 100 cubic
centimetre of water under a pressure of 100 atmosphere Ans. 160.00
will be Sol. Breaking force = Breaking stress × Area of cross section
–5
(a) 0.4 cc (b) 4 × 10 cc of wire
(c) 0.025 cc (d) 0.004 cc \ Breaking force µ r 2 (Breaking stress or strength of the
Ans. (a) material is constant)
1 PV If radius becomes doubled then breaking force will become
Sol. B= = Þ ΔV = PVK
K ΔV 4 times i.e. 40 × 4 = 160 kg wt

ΔV = 100 ´100 ´ 4 ´ 10-5 17. Two opposite forces F1 = 120 N and F2 = 80 N on an

= 0.4 cc elastic plank of modulus of elasticity Y = 2 ´ 1011 N m 2

14. A steel wire of diameter 2 mm has a breaking strength of 4 and length l = 1 placed over a smooth horizontal surface.
5
× 10 N. The breaking of similar steel wire of diameter 1
5 The cross-sectional area of the plank is S = 0.5m 2 . The
mm will be n × 10 N; where n is
Ans. 1.00 change in length of the plank is n ´10 –9 m. Find the value
Sol. The breaking strength is proportional to the cross-sectional of n.
2
area and hence the square of the diameter F µ d . Since
the diameter is reduced to half, the breaking strength is
reduced to one fourth.
9 –2
15. The breaking stress for a metal is 7.8 × 10 Nm . The
–3 –1
density of the metal is 7800 kg m . If g = 10 N kg , Find
the maximum length of the wire (in km) made of this metal
which may be suspended without breaking.
Ans. 1.00
Ans. 100.00
Sol. Consider an element of thickness dx. Change in the length
of the element is

T dx x
dl = and T = F1 – F1 – F2
S Y l
Sol.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 4

20. Two wires are made of the same material and have the
same volume. However, wire 1 has cross-sectional area A
and wire-2 has cross-sectional area 3A. If the length of
wire-1 increases by Dx on applying force 1 N, how much
force (in N) is needed to stretch wire 2 by the same amount?
F1 – F2 x
F1 Ans. 9.00
Dl l
dl = ò t dx
ò0 0 SY Fl
Sol. Y=
ADl
F1 + F2 200 ´ 1
Dl = l=
2SY 2 ´ 0.5 ´ 2 ´1011 V
\ V = Al so l =
= 1´ 10 m –9 A
n =1
YADl YA 2 Dl
18. A light rod of length 2m is suspended from the ceiling F= =
l V
horizontally by means of two vertical wires of equal
lengths. A weight W is hung from the light rod as shown. 2 2
The rod is hung by means of a steel wire of cross-sectional F1 æ A1 ö F æ A ö 1
=ç ÷ Þ =ç ÷ =
F2 è A 2 ø F2 è 3A ø 9
area A1 = 0.1cm 2 and brass wire of cross-sectional area

A 2 = 0.2 cm 2 . To have equal stress in both wires, ratio of F2 = 9F

tension T1 T2 = 21. A cylindrical eraser which is attached at the back of a light

pencil, of negligible mass is dragged across a paper at a
constant velocity to the right by its pencil. The coefficient
of kinetic friction between eraser and paper is 0.6. The
pencil pushes down with 5N. The height of the eraser is 2
2
cm and its circular area is 4 cm . its top surface is displaced
horizontally 0.6 mm relative to the bottom. If the shear
Ans. 0.50 modulus of the eraser material is x ´ 105 Pa, Find value of
Sol. Equal stress 2x.
Ans. 5.00
T1 T T 0.1 1
= 2 Þ 1 = =
A1 A 2 T2 0.2 2 F
19. Two wires are made of the same material and have the G= A
Sol. x
same volume. However, wire 1 has cross-sectional area A
h
and wire 2 has cross-sectional area 3A. If the length of
wire 1 increases by Dx on applying force F, the force and F = mN
needed to stretch wire 2 by equal amount (or elongation)
is nF, where n is:
Ans. 9.00
Sol. Let L1 and L2 be the lengths of wires 1 and 2

L1
Given V1 = V2 Þ AL1 = 3AL2 Þ L = 3
2

If F and F¢ are the forces applied to 1 and 2,

FL1 F¢ L2 F¢ 3L
Y= = Þ = 1 = 3´ 3 = 9
ADx 3ADx F L2
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 5

Moduli of Elasticity T – g =a ....(ii)

10 2
22. Young’s modulus of brass and steel are 10 × 10 N/m and dividing ...(i) by ...(ii)
11 2
2 × 10 N/m , respectively. A brass wire and a steel wire of
the same length are extended by 1 mm under the same 2g – T
=2
force. The radii of the brass and steel wires are RB and RS T–g
respectively. Then
Þ 2 g – T = 2T – 2 g
R
(a) RS = 2 RB (b) R S = 2B Þ T = 4g/3
T = 2g - 2g / 3 = 4g / 3
R
(c) RS = 4RB (d) R S = 4B Breaking stress = Force/Area
Ans. (b) 4 ´10
2 40
YB AS p R
= = S ´ 10 = 3 2
6
Sol. 2 3p pr
YS AB p R B

2
æ R s ö 10 ´1010 1 1
r2 = = r = 10-3 m
ç ÷ = =
10 6
è RB ø 2 ´1011 2
r = 1 mm
RS 1 R
= Þ RS = B 24. Four identical cylindrical columns of steel support a big
RB 2 2
structure of mass 50,000 kg. The inner and outer radii of
23. Two blocks of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are connected by a each column are 30 cm and 40 cm respectively. Assume the
metal wire going over a smooth pulley as shown. The load distribution to be uniform, calculate the compressional
40 6 2
strain of each column. The Young’s modulus of steel is
breaking stress of the metal is 3p ´ 10 N / m . If g = 10 m/ 11
2.0 × 10 Pa.
2 –7 –7
s , then what should be the minimum radius of the wire (a) 2.785 × 10 (b) 1.785 × 10
–7 –8
used if it is not to break? (c) 3.785 × 10 (d) 2.785 × 10

Ans. (a)

Sol. Here, M = 50,000 kg; r1 = 0.30 m and r2 = 0.40 m;

11
Y = 2.0 × 10 Pa.
Area of cross section of each column;
2 2
A = p r22 - r12 = p é 0.4 - 0.3 ù = p´ 0.07 m 2
(a) 0.5 mm (b) 1 mm ë û
(c) 1.5 mm (d) 2 mm Whole weight of the structure = Mg = 50000 × 9.8 N
Ans. (b) This weight is equally shared by four columns,

Sol. 50000 ´ 9.8

\ Compressional force on one column, F = N
4

F/ A
Now, Y = compressional strain

F 50000 ´ 9.8 / 4
\ Compressional strain = AY = p ´ 0.07 ´ 2.0 ´ 1011
–7
= 2.785 × 10
25. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 2L and
2g – T = 2a .....(i) radius 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal thin
copper wire of length L and radius R. When the
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 6

arrangement is stretched by applying forces at two ends, fixed. The strain produced in the cube is
the ratio of the elongation in the thin wire to that in the
thick wire is
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
(c) 2.00 (d) 4.00
Ans. (c)
FL FL
Δl = =
Sol. AY πr 2 Y
(a) 2 (b) 0.5
L
\ Δl µ (c) 0.05 (d) 1.2 × 10
8

r2
Ans. (c)
Δl L/R 2
\ 1 = =2
Δl 2 2L/(2R) 2 x 2 ´10-3
Sol. Shear strain = = = 0.05
6 2 l 4 ´ 10-2
26. A cylindrical tree has a breaking stress of 10 N/m . The
maximum possible height of the tree is 5 m. the density of
2 æ 4MLg ö
material of the tree is (take g = 10 m/s ) 29. In the determination of Young’s modulus ç Y = ÷
3 3 4 3 è pld 2 ø
(a) 10 kg/m (b) 10 kg/m
4 3 3 by using Searle’s method, a wire of length L = 2 m and
(c) 2 × 10 kg/m (d) 1 kg/m
diameter d = 0.5 mm is used. For a load M = 2.5 kg, an
Ans. (c)
extension l = 0.25 mm in the length of the wire is observed.
Sol. Breaking stress = 106 N / m 2 Quantities d and l are measured using a screw gauge and a
micrometer, repectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5
106 = h × ρ × g mm. The number of divisions on their circular scale is 100.
The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y
106 measurement is
ρ=
5 ´ 10 (a) due to the errors in the measurements of d and l are
the same
ρ = 2 ´ 104 kg / m3
(b) due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that
27. You are given three wires A, B and C of the same length due to the error in the measurement of l.
and cross section. They are each stretched by applying the (c) due to the error in the measurement of l is twice that
same force to the ends. The wire A is stretched least and due to the error in the measurement of d.
comes back to its original length when the stretching force
(d) due to the error in the measurement of d is four times
is removed. The wire B is stretched more than A and also
that due to the error in the measurement of l.
comes back to its original length when the stretching force
Ans. (a)
is removed. The wire C is stretched most and remains
stretched even when stretching force is removed. The 4MLg
greatest Young’s modulus of elasticity is possessed by the Sol. Qy=
p ld 2
material of wire
(a) A Dy D l Dd
\ = + 2.
(b) B y l d
(c) C
So, error in measurment of y is due to errors in t and l
(d) All have the same elasticity
30. A 0.05 m cube has its upper face displaced by 0.2 cm by a
Ans. (a)
tangential force of 8 N. Calculate the modulus of rigidity
4 –2
1 (in 10 Nm ) of the material of the cube.
Sol. Yµ
Δl Ans. 8.00
28. The face EFGH of the cube shown in the figure is displaced Sol. l = 5 ´ 10 –2 m, Dl = 0.2cm = 0.2 ´ 10 –2 m, F = 8N
5
2 mm parallel to itself when forces of 5 × 10 N each are
applied on the lower and upper faces. The lower face is
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 7

Dl 0.2 DV DR
Shearing strain = = = 0.04 Þ =3
l 5 V R

F 8 DR 1 DV
Shearing stress = = = 3200 Nm –2 or, =
l×l 2 R 3 V
5 ´ 10 –2
DR Mg 0.3
= = = 0.1 [using (i)]
Shearing stress 3200 R 3AB 3
Modulus of rigidity, h = Shearing strain = 0.04
Elastic Potential Energy
33. If the potential energy of a spring is V on stretching it by
= 8000Nm –2 = 8 ´10 4 Nm–2
3 2 cm, then its potential energy when it is stretched by
31. A hydraulic press contains 0.25 m (250 L) of oil. Find the
10 cm will be
decrease in volume of he oil ( in %) when it is subjected to
(a) V/25 (b) 5V
a pressure increase Dp = 1.6 ´ 10 7 Pa . The bulk modulus (c) V/5 (d) 25V
of the oil is B = 5.0 ´ 109 Pa : Ans. (d)
Ans. 0.32 Sol. U µ Dx 2

DP DV ´ V0 0.25 ´ 1.6 ´107 2 2

Sol. B= Þ DV = – =– U 2 æ Dx2 ö æ 10 ö
Dv B 5 ´ 109 =ç ÷ = ç ÷ = 25
U1 è Dx1 ø è 2 ø
v0

= –8.0 ´ 10 –4 m3 U 2 = 25V
Even through the pressure increase is very large, the 34. Two wires of the same material and length but diameters in
fractional change in volume is very small. the ratio 1 : 2 are stretched by the same force. The potential
energy per unit volume for the two wires when stretched
DV –8.0 ´ 10 –4 m 3 will be in the ratio
\ = = –0.0032 or – 0.32%
V0 0.25m 3 (a) 16 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
(– sign show decrease in volume)
Ans. (a)
32. A solid sphere of radius R made of material of bulk
modulus B is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical 1
container. A massless piston of area A (the area of container Sol. Potential energy per unit volume = ´ stress ´ strain
2
is also A) floats on he surface of the liquid. When a mass
M is placed on the piston to compress the liquid, find the 1 ( stress )
= ´ ( stress ) ´
fractional change in radius of the sphere. 2 Y

Mg
= 0.3 ) ( stress ) 2 æ F2 ö 1
(Given = =ç 2 4 ÷
AB 2Y è p R ø 2Y
Ans. 0.10
1
Mg So, P × E × µ
Sol. Increase in pressure: DP = R
A
4
P × E1 R24 æ 2 ö
DP = =ç ÷
Bulk modulus: B = DV V P × E 2 R14 è 1 ø

P × E ×1
DV DP Mg = 16 :1
\ = = ...(1) P × E ×2
V B AB
35. If S is stress and Y is Young’s modulus of material of a
4 3 wire, the energy stored in the wire per unit volume is
Volume of the sphere V = pR
3
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 8

Sol.
2
S2 L x
(a) 2 S Y (b)
2Y x
When, wire is stretched by x,
2Y S
(c) 2 (d) 2 Y F L AYx
S Y= × ÞF=
A x L
Ans. (b)
1 1 AYx
Sol. Energy stored per unit volume Now, work done = ò 0 F × dx = ò 0 × dx
L
1
= ´ stress ´ strain 1
2 AY é x 2 ù AY
= ê ú ÞW=
L ë 2 û0 2L
Stress ´ stress S2
= = 38. When the load on a wire is slowly increased from 3 to 5 kg
2Y 2Y
wt, the elongation increases from 0.61 to 1.02 mm. The
36. A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by length l by
work done during the extension of wire is
applying a force F. The work done in stretching is :
(a) 0.16 J (b) 0.016 J
F (c) 1.6 J (d) 16 J
(a) (b) Fl
2l Ans. (b)

Fl Sol. Work done = U f - U i

(c) 2Fl (d)
2
1
Ans. (d) Potential energy = ´ stres ´ strain ´ (A × l) ,
2
FL Volume = A × l
Sol. Young’s modulus Y = ..(1)
Al 1
= ´ force ´ elongation
YAl 2
\F =
L 1 é
= ´ (5 ´10) 1.02 ´ 10 -3 - (3 ´10) 0.61 ´10 -3 ùû
YAl( d l) 2 ë
or dW = Fd l =
L w = 0.016 J
39. Two wires of same diameter of the same material having
YA 1 YAl 2
or òdW = l d l = the length l and 2l. If the force F is applied on each, the
L ò0 2L ratio of the work done in the two wires will be
YA.l 2 (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4
or work done = ......(2)
2L (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
Ans. (a)
From (i) and (ii)
Sol. As,
Fl
work done = 1
2 w = F× L
2
37. What amount of work is done in increasing the length of a
ÞwµL
wire through unity?
w1 L1 l 1
YL YL2 = = =
(a) (b) w2 L2 2l 2
2A 2A
40. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is stretched
YA YL by attaching a weight of 200 N to the lower end. The weight
(c) 2L
(d) A
stretches the wire by 1 mm. Then the elastic energy stored
Ans. (c) in the wire is :
(a) 0.2 J (b) 10 J
(c) 20 J (d) 0.1 J
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 9

Ans. (d) 42. When the thin smooth wire of cross-sectional area A and
Sol. Elastic energy per unit volume Young’s modulus Y, density r and length l is pulled with

1 r2 a 2 l 3 A
= ´ stress ´ strain an acceleration a the elastic energy stored is .
2 xY
Find x
\ Elastic energy

1
= ´ stress ´ strain ´ volume
2

1 F ΔL Ans. 6.00
= ´ ´ ´ ( AL)
2 A L

1 1
= FΔL = ´ 200 ´10 -3 = 0.1J Sol.
2 2
41. An iron ball (solid sphere) of radius R is placed in a gas
chamber in which the pressure is maintained at 2P0. The F2 l
U=
increase in elastic potential energy stored in the ball is 6YA
apR 3 P02 x
, where x+y . Now F = ma = Alra
yb y is a proper fraction, find

[P0 is atmospheric pressure; b is bulk modulus of iron] r2 a 2 l 3 A

\ U=
Ans. 5.00 6Y
Sol. Elastic Potential energy 43. A rubber cord has a cross-sectional area 1 mm2 and total
unstretched length 10.0 cm. It is stretched to 12.0 cm and
1
= (stress) (strain) volume) then released to project a missile of mass 5.0 g. Taking
2 Young’s modulus Y for rubber as 5.0 × 108 N/m2.
Initial Pressure = P0 Calculate the velocity (in m/s) of projection.
Final Pressure = 2p0
Ans. 20.00
1 æ Du ö Sol. Equivalent force constant of rubber cord
= 2P0 – P0 ç ÷u
2 è v ø
YA 5.0 ´108 1.0 ´10 –6
1 k= = = 5.0 ´ 103 N m
= P0 DV l 0.1
2
Now, from conservation of mechanical energy,
1 P0 æ BDV ö
= P0 V ç P0 = ÷ Elastic potential energy of cord = kinetic energy of missile
2 B è V ø

1 P0 4 1 2 1 æ k ö
pR 3 \ k Dl = mv 2 Þ \ v = ç Dl
= P0
2 B 3 2 2 ç m ÷÷
è ø

2 P02
= pR 3 æ 5.0 ´103 ö
3 B =ç ÷ 12.0 – 10.0 ´ 10 –2 = 20 m s
ç 5.0 ´10–3 ÷
è ø
x = 2, y = 3.

x + y = 2+3 = 5
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 10

Stress-Strain Graph 46. The figure shows the stress-strain graph of a certain
44. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of two materials substance. Over which region of the graph is Hooke’s law
A and B are as shown in the figure. If YA and YB are the obeyed
Young’s modulii of the materials, then

(a) AB (b) BC
(c) CD (d) ED
(a) YB = 2YA (b) YA = YB Ans. (d)
(c) YB = 3YA (d) YA = 3YB Sol. According to Hooke's law, stress (proportional to) strain
Ans. (d) That is followed in Region ED
Sol. 47. The stress-strain curves for brass, steel and rubber are
YA tan 60o 3 shown in the figure. The lines A, B and C are for
= o
= =3
YB tan 30 1
3

YA = 3 × YB

45. The strain stress curves of three wires of different materials

are shown in the figure. P, Q and R are the elastic limits of
the wires. The figure shows that

(a) Rubber, brass and steel respectively

(b) Brass, steel and rubber
(c) Steel, brass and rubber respectively
(d) Steel, rubber and brass
Ans. (c)
Sol. Y = tanθ
θ A > θ B > θC
(a) Elasticity of wire P is maximum tan θ A > tan θ B > tan θ C
(b) Elasticity of wire Q is maximum YA > YB > YC
(c) Elasticity of R is maximum 48.
2
Which one of the following is the Young’s modulus (in N/m )
(d) None of the above is true for the wire having the stress-strain curve shown in the
figure
Ans. (c)

1 1
Sol. Slope = cot θ = =
tan θ Y

1
Yµ
slope

Hence, elasticity of R is maximum.

11 11
(a) 24 × 10 (b) 8.0 × 10
11 11
(c) 10 × 10 (d) 2.0 × 10
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 11

Ans. (d)
Sol. Stress = 8 ´ 10 7 N / m
strain = 4 ´ 10-4

stress 8 ´107
Y= = = 2 ´ 1011 N / m 2
strain 4 ´10-4

Miscellaneous Cases in Elasticity

49. The length of a steel cylinder is kept constant by applying
pressure at its two ends. When the temperature of rod is
increased by 100°C from its initial temperature, the increase
in pressure to be applied at its ends is
11 2 –6 5
(Ysteel = 2 × 10 N/m , asteel = 11 × 10 /°C, 1 atm = 10 N/
2
m)
7 3 Let T be the tension in the wire at mean position during
(a) 22 × 10 atm (b) 2.2 × 10 atm
3
oscillations. Then,
(c) zero (d) 4.3 × 10 atm
Ans. (b) T
Y= A
Δl DL
Sol. = µ ΔT = 11 ´10 -4
l L

F/A 2
Y= YADL Y pr DL
Dl / l ÞT= =
L L
F Δl
Stress = =Y´ = 2 ´ 1011 ´ 11 ´ 10-4 2 ´ 1011 p 0.5 ´ 10 –3 ´ 0.02
A l Or T = = 200p
5
= 22 ´107 Pa Also, at mean position

= 22 ´ 107 ´ 10-5 atm mv 2

T – mg =
R
= 2.2 ´103 atm
(here, R = 5.22 r = 5.22 – 0.1 = 5.12 m)
50. A sphere of radius 0.1 m and mass 8p kg is attached to the
lower end of a steel wire of length 5m and diameter 10
–3
8p u2
\ 200p – 8p 10 =
m. The wire is suspended from 5.22 m high ceiling of a 5.12
room. When the sphere is made to swing as a simple
pendulum, it just grazes the floor at its lowest point. young’s Þ u 2 = 5 ´ 20.48 Þ u = 8.76 m s
11 –2
modulus of steel is 2 × 10 Nm . Find the velocity of the
2
sphere at the lowest position in m/s. (Given: g = 10m/s ): 2 2
51. A horizontal oriented copper rod of length l = m is
Ans. 8.76 3p
rotated about a vertical axis passing through its middle.
Sol. Let DL be the extension of wire when the sphere is at
mean position. Then, Breaking strength of copper is s = 2.5 ´108 Pa and density

L + DL + 2r = 5.22 of copper p = 9 ´ 103 Kg m3 . Rotation frequency

measured (in sec–1) at which the rod ruptures is given by
DL = 5.22 – L – 2r = 5.22 – 5 – 2 0.1 = 0.02m
50 n, where n is equal to:
Ans. 5.00
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 12

Sol. Sol.

Stress is zero at free ends and maximum at middle so rod

will rupture at middle.
By newton’s second law Let us suppose that mass per unit length of ring initially is
F – F + dF = dmxw2 dq
l; In given condition 0 – 2T sin = lRdqa
2
– ò dF = ò rAw2 ´ dx
–T YA
Where w is the speed of rotation Þa= &T = x–R
lR R
x
F é x2 ù –YA YA
– F 0
= rAw2 ê ú Þa= x+
ë z ûl 2 lR 2
lR

Aw2 éæ l ö 2 ù 1 R 2l
+F = +r 2
êç ÷ – x ú Þt= 2p
x 2 AY
ëêè 2 ø ûú
= 1.25 milli sec
rAw l2 2
53. If stress in a stretched wire of a material (whose Young’s
At x = 0 F =
8
lY
modulus is Y) is , in order that the speed of
200
F rw2 l 2
Þ = longitudinal waves is equal to 10 times the speed of
A 8
transverse waves, then find the value of l ?
F rw2 l 3 Ans. 2
For rupture =sÞ =s
A 8
Y F
Sol. = 10
1 8s r m
Þn= soln can be completed
2p rl 2
m F Y lY
52. A uniform circular ring of radius R = 2.5 cm and mass 10 and r = Þ = = Þl=2
A A 100 200
gm is made of an elastic material. Symmetrical radially
outward forces are applied on the ring to increase its radius 54. The elastic limit of a steel cable is 3.0 × 108 N/m2 and the
from R = 2.5 cm to 2.7 cm. young’s modulus of material cross-section is 4 cm2. Find the maximum upward
acceleration that can be given to a 900 kg elevator
11 N supported by the cable if the stress is not to exceed one
of the ring is 2 ´10 and radius of cross section of
m2 third of the elastic limit. (take g = 9.8 m/s2)
the ring is 1 mm. If all the external forces are removed, (Answer should be correct up to two decimal places)
how long will it take for the ring to come to its original Ans. 34.64
radius for the first time? (in milliseconds)
Ans. 1.25
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 13

T – mg = ma
m g+a 1
Sol. £ s max T = m [g + a]
A 3
= 1000 [ 10 + 1]
3 ´ 108 4 ´ 10 –4 = 11000 N
\ a£ – 9.8
3 ´ 900 T 11000 11000
= = = 2
Stress A d2 pd 4
a max = 34.64 m s 2 p
4
55. A lift is tied with thick wires and the mass of the lift is 1000
kg. If the maximum acceleration of the lift is 1ms–2 and the 4 ´ 11´103
maximum stress the wire can bear is 1.4 × 106 Nm–2. If g = 10 1.4 ´106 =
pd 2
ms–2 the minimum diameter of that wire is (in meters)?
Ans. 0.10 44 ´103
d2 = = 10 –2
Sol. From F B D of Lift 3.14 ´ 1.4 ´105

d = 0.1 m