‭Density Lab Results‬

‭Equations you might use‬

‭𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠‬ ‭𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙‬‭‬−‭‭𝐶
‬ 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑‬
‭Density =‬ ‭𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒‬
‭% Error = |‬ ‭𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙‬
‭|‬‭x 100‬

‭ ata‬
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‭Part A: Metal rectangles‬
‭Table 1: Measured with caliper‬
‭Metal‬ ‭Length‬ ‭Width‬ ‭Height‬ ‭Volume‬ ‭Mass‬ ‭Density‬

‭Copper‬ ‭5.01‬ ‭1.30‬ ‭1.29‬ ‭8.40‬ ‭74.10‬ ‭8.82‬

‭Aluminum‬ ‭5.08‬ ‭1.25‬ ‭1.25‬ ‭7.94‬ ‭17.55‬ ‭2.21‬

‭Table 2: Measured with graduated cylinder‬

‭Metal‬ ‭ ass (transfer‬
M ‭ eginning water‬
B ‭ inal water volume‬ ‭Metal Volume‬
F ‭Density‬
‭from above‬ ‭volume‬ ‭after sliding the‬
‭measurement)‬ ‭metal‬

‭Copper‬ ‭74.10‬ ‭50ml‬ ‭58.5ml‬ ‭8.5 mL‬ ‭8.71‬

‭Aluminum‬ ‭17.55‬ ‭50ml‬ ‭56.7ml‬ ‭6.7 mL‬ ‭2.62‬

‭Part B: Liquids‬

‭Table 3: Ethyl alcohol density measurements‬

‭Volume (mL)‬ ‭Mass of liquid‬

‭2.00‬ ‭1.62g‬

‭4.00‬ ‭3.15g‬

‭6.00‬ ‭4.68g‬

‭8.00‬ ‭6.14g‬

‭10.00‬ ‭8.13g‬

‭Table 4: Water density measurements‬

‭Volume (mL)‬ ‭Mass of liquid‬

‭2.00‬ ‭1.72g‬
 ‭4.00‬ ‭3.79g‬

‭6.00‬ ‭5.94g‬

‭8.00‬ ‭7.83g‬

‭10.00‬ ‭9.87g‬

‭Part C: Metal Pellets‬

‭Table 5: Aluminum Pellets‬

‭Metal clumps‬ ‭Volume of water‬ ‭Mass of metal after‬
‭added‬ ‭(Total)‬ ‭addition‬
‭(Total)‬

‭0‬ ‭30.0ml‬ ‭0g‬

‭1‬ ‭31.0ml‬ ‭5.82g‬

‭2‬ ‭33.0ml‬ ‭11.41g‬

‭3‬ ‭34.9ml‬ ‭17.11g‬

‭4‬ ‭37.0ml‬ ‭22.45g‬

‭5‬ ‭38.9ml‬ ‭27.59g‬

‭Table 6: Copper‬‭Pellets‬
‭Metal clumps‬ ‭Volume of water‬ ‭Mass of metal after‬
‭added‬ ‭(Total)‬ ‭addition‬
‭(Total)‬

‭0‬ ‭5.0ml‬ ‭0g‬

‭1‬ ‭5.21ml‬ ‭2.75g‬

‭2‬ ‭5.53ml‬ ‭5.42g‬

‭3‬ ‭6.13ml‬ ‭8.03g‬

‭4‬ ‭6.40ml‬ ‭12.64g‬

‭5‬ ‭6.68ml‬ ‭14.62g‬

‭Part D: Ice and Sugar Cube‬

‭ escribe your procedure for taking the‬‭ice‬‭measurements:‬‭To take the ice measurements, we first weighed the ice cube on the‬
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‭scale. This gave us a mass of 2.64 grams. We then used water displacement to find the volume, which gave us .20 mL.‬

‭Table 7: Ice density measurements‬

‭Volume‬ ‭Mass‬ ‭Density‬

‭0.20cm‬‭3‬ ‭2.64g‬ ‭13.2 g/cm‬‭3‬

‭Describe your procedure for taking the‬‭sugar cube‬‭measurements: We weighed it, and then we used water displacement.‬

‭Table 8: Sugar cube density measurements‬

‭Volume‬ ‭Mass‬ ‭Density‬

‭0.28cm‬‭3‬ ‭3.62g‬ ‭12.9 g/cm‬‭3‬

‭ esults‬
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‭Graphs:‬
‭1.‬ ‭Graph the two liquids on the same graph by hand. This is individual. For the graphs you have to do by hand, no line of‬
‭best fit is needed. Graph paper is available; use pencil.‬

‭2.‬ G
‭ raph the two solids using Logger Pro. Put them on the same graph. Make sure to find the best fit line (regression line)‬
‭for both graphs.‬

‭3.‬ G
‭ raph the two liquids using Logger Pro. Put them on the same graph. Make sure to find the best fit line (regression line)‬
‭for both graphs.‬

‭Place Logger Pro graphs here, clearly labeled:‬

‭ esult‬‭Questions‬
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‭Directions:‬ ‭For the mathematical problems, make sure‬‭you set up the problem to show your work. Keep in mind significant‬
‭figures. Remember that significant figures are determined by the instruments we use and not the calculator in your hand!‬
‭1.‬ ‭What is a best fit line? What is the significance of the slope of that line?‬

‭ best fit line is a line which most accurately represents all the points of a set of data. The slope helps us understand the‬
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‭relationship between the two variables, and make predictions.‬

‭2.‬ ‭What are the advantages of using a graph to determine density?‬

‭ he advantages of using a graph is that it shows the correlation between mass and volume, rather than just showing the‬
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‭density.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Density is a proportional relationship. How do you know?‬

‭ ensity is a proportional relationship, because it is mass divided by volume. The two are in proportion, because for any‬
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‭object, the density should stay the same, no matter the mass and volume, because they stay proportional.‬

‭4.‬ ‭If you have a regularly shaped object, what is the most efficient method of finding volume?‬

‭Length × Width × Height‬

‭5.‬ U
‭ se the data you have for the metal rectangles using the calipers. Calculate the density of the metal rectangles paying‬
‭attention to sig figs of course. Look up the densities for Aluminum and Copper. Use the formula for % error to find the‬
‭% errors for the densities you just found.‬

‭Al % error - 18.1%‬

‭Cu % error - 1.56%‬

‭6.‬ ‭Now calculate the density of Aluminum and Copper using the water displacement method. Find the % error.‬
 ‭a.‬ ‭*‭N
‬ ote, our aluminum was a cylinder, not a rectangular prims‬

‭Al % error - 2.96%‬

‭Cu % error - 2.79%‬

‭7.‬ ‭Which method is better if using regularly shaped objects like the metal rectangles?‬

‭ he method of finding length width and height is better, because the measurements are easier and more precise than‬
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‭when using water displacement‬

‭8.‬ W
‭ hich data was more precise - the liquid data or the metal data and how do you know? (Look at the regression data‬
‭from your graphs). Justify your answer.‬

‭ he liquid data was more precise. This is because our slope matched the density of each liquid better than it had for‬
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‭the metals. It also has a correlation much closer to 1 and the RMSE is closer to 0.‬

‭9.‬ I‭ f you had a rock, what is the best way of finding its volume? Why does water displacement work? Would this also work‬
‭with another liquid, or air?‬

‭ ater Displacement would be the best, because the rock is not an easily measurable shape.‬
W
‭Water displacement works, because the volume of the water is displaced by the volume of‬
‭the rock, and simple subtraction gives you the volume. Only non-reacting liquids can be‬
‭used, and only inert gasses can be used. Inert gasses work by using a machine.‬

‭10.‬ ‭You have an object with a mass of 350.0 grams. You place it in a graduated cylinder as shown. What is its density?‬

‭350.0/65 = 5.385 g/cm‬‭3‬

‭11.‬ ‭You have an object that is 23.875 g and is 1.34 cm by 1.50 cm by 1.19 cm. What is the density of the‬
‭object?‬

‭9.9816 g/cm‬‭3‬

‭12.‬ ‭An object is 50.000 g and has a density of .450g/cm‬‭3‬‭. What is its volume?‬

‭111.11 mL‬

‭13.‬ ‭Will the object float in water? – how do you know?‬

‭Yes, it will. The density of the object, .450 g/cm‬‭3‬ ‭is less than water’s density of 1g/cm‬‭3‬‭, so hence‬‭it floats.‬

‭14.‬ ‭You have an object that is 23.900 g and has a density of 1.900 g/cm‬‭3‬‭. What is the volume of the object?‬
 ‭12.579 mL‬

‭15.‬ ‭A king ordered an analysis of his gold crown. He suspected that the gold was not pure. It has a mass of 1500.00 grams.‬
‭When placed in water the water level rises from 1000.0 mL to 1134.0 mL. Is the crown pure gold? Support your‬
‭answer!‬

‭ o, the crown is not pure! The density of Gold is 19.3 g/cm3. However, when calculating for the density of the crown,‬
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‭we first find the volume of 134.0mL. We then divide 1500.00 by 134.0 and we get about 11.1940. This is drastically less‬
‭than gold. It is about 42% off of pure gold. Hence, the crown is not pure.‬

‭16.‬ ‭567.90 mL of alcohol has what mass? (Use the density you found using the slope of the alcohol data)‬

‭567.90mL‬ ‭1 g‬ ‭= 308.64 g‬

‭1.840 mL‬

‭17.‬ ‭An Aluminum object has a volume of 378.90 cm‬‭3‬‭. Find its mass (use the slope from the lab)‬

‭378.90 cm‬‭3‬ ‭1g‬ ‭= 1055.1 g‬

‭.3591 cm‬‭3‬

‭18.‬ ‭How might the data in this lab change if it were done in a very cold environment?‬

‭ he water would most likely freeze or start to solidify, which would affect the volume. The colder water would also‬
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‭allow the ice more time before it melts. It would probably not affect the ethanol, however, with a freezing point of‬
‭-114.1°C.‬

‭19.‬ ‭What is the density of ice? What was the difficulty with taking its volume?‬

1‭ 3.2 g/cm‬‭3‬‭. The difficulty is that the ice has a very low freezing point, so it easily turns into water (melts) before you can‬
‭measure it.‬

‭20.‬ ‭What is the density of the sugar cube? What was the difficulty with taking its volume - what assumptions did you make?‬

‭ he density of the sugar cub was 12.9 g/cm‬‭3‬‭. It was difficult to take it’s volume because it dissolved quickly in the‬
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‭water.‬

‭21.‬ ‭Was the ice less dense or more dense than liquid water? Draw a particle diagram showing your explanation. Label please.‬
 ‭The ice was less dense than the water.‬

‭ nswers:‬
A
‭10) 5.4 g/cm‬‭3‬
‭11) 111 ml‬
‭13) 12.58 ml‬
‭14) 11.19 g/cm‬‭3‬
‭15) 483 g‬
‭16) 1.02 x 10‬‭3‬ ‭g‬