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GE 3 REVIEWER

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness among economies, cultures, and societies driven by trade, technology, and communication. It encompasses various theories such as homogeneity and heterogeneity, regionalization, and glocalization, which illustrate how local cultures influence global culture and vice versa. The document also discusses the impact of globalization on migration, religion, and economic practices, using examples like Buddhism and Apple to highlight these global interactions.

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8 views

GE 3 REVIEWER

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness among economies, cultures, and societies driven by trade, technology, and communication. It encompasses various theories such as homogeneity and heterogeneity, regionalization, and glocalization, which illustrate how local cultures influence global culture and vice versa. The document also discusses the impact of globalization on migration, religion, and economic practices, using examples like Buddhism and Apple to highlight these global interactions.

Uploaded by

ivylocson022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GLOBALIZATION

- Encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the economy, political systems, and culture.
- the process by which the world becomes more interconnected through the exchange of ideas,
goods, services, information, people, and culture. It’s the growing interdependence of the
world’s economies, societies, and cultures, driven by advances in technology, communication,
trade, and travel.
- the process that increases the interconnectivity and interdependence of countries, economies,
cultures, and people, driven by trade, technology, and communication, making the world more
integrated and global in scope.

GLOBAL INTERCONNECTEDNESS

- global interconnectedness means that everything is connected in some way, whether it’s
through trade, communication, technology, culture, or politics. Events in one part of the world
can quickly affect other parts, and people are more closely tied to one another than ever before.
- Is the idea that countries, economies, and people are increasingly connected through trade,
technology, culture, and shared global challenges, meaning that events in one place can have far-
reaching impacts everywhere.
METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
- symbolic, relatable comparisons — to make sense of it. These metaphors act like glasses that
color how we see globalization.
- Metaphors turn a big, abstract idea into something personal and visual — like storytelling
shortcuts to understanding complex systems.
- Ex. The Spider Web
Everything is connected. Tug one thread (like a financial crisis in one country), and the whole
web feels the shake. Globalization is this web of interdependence.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
- HOMOGENEITY refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic
factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same
economies, and similar forms of government. It is often linked to cultural imperialism. This
means, a given culture influences other cultures.
- HETEROGENEITY refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the
hybrids or combinations of cultures that can be produced through the different trans planetary
processes. It associated with cultural hybridization.
- Heterogeneity in globalization emphasizes the diversification of cultures as local traditions mix
with global influences, while homogeneity highlights the standardization of cultures and
practices across the world, often driven by global consumerism and media.
REGIONALIZATION
- regionalization happens when countries or areas within a particular region strengthen their
relationships with one another, often in a specific context like trade, politics, or cultural exchange.
This process can involve countries cooperating on various levels, such as through trade
agreements, shared infrastructures, or mutual policies.
- the process by which countries in a specific geographical region come together to cooperate on
economic, political, cultural, or environmental issues, forming closer ties to address shared
challenges.

INFLUENCE OF LOCAL CULTURE ON GLOBAL CULTURE


- Local cultures — the unique traditions, customs, music, food, and ways of life from specific
places — can spread and influence the broader global culture. As people move, travel, or connect
through the internet, aspects of local cultures mix into the global culture, shaping trends,
lifestyles, and ideas around the world.
- Local cultures influence global culture by sharing unique traditions, foods, music, and practices
that are embraced, adapted, and spread across the world, creating a shared cultural experience.
GLOCALIZATION
- Glocalization is a combination of two words:
 Global (worldwide)
 Localization (adapting to a local culture)
- It refers to the practice of adapting global products, ideas, or services to fit local cultures,
preferences, and conditions. Essentially, it’s when something global gets localized to suit a
specific market or community.
- Glocalization is when a global product, service, or idea is adapted to meet the needs and
preferences of local markets, creating a balance between global and local influences.

EXAMPLE OF RELIGIOUS GLOBALIZATION


- Buddhism, which originated in India around 2,500 years ago, is a great example of religious
globalization:
- 🌍 Spread from Asia to the West
 In the 19th and 20th centuries, Buddhist teachings began spreading to Europe, North
America, and other parts of the world.
 The growing interest in meditation and mindfulness practices (which come from Buddhist
traditions) gained popularity in the West.
- 🧘‍♀️Global Adoption of Practices
 Today, many people around the world practice Zen meditation or Vipassana meditation, both
rooted in Buddhism.
 Buddhist teachings on mindfulness are widely used in mental health practices and therapy, even
by non-Buddhists.
- 🤝 Interfaith and Cultural Exchange
 Buddhist monks and teachers travel globally to share teachings.
 Many Western countries host Buddhist temples and meditation centers.
- Buddhism has become part of global spiritual and cultural practices — not just in Asia, but all
over the world.
-
RELIGIOUS HYBRIDIZATION
- Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures. Globalization is considered to be a
creative process which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or the
local.
CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM
- Emphasizes the fact that the cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected
by global flows.
CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
- Stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by
strong flows, while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to
destroy at least parts of another culture.
CULTURAL HOMOGENIETY
- Refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political
orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms
of government.
- Is often linked to cultural imperialism. This means, a given culture influences other cultures.
CULTURAL HETEROGENIETY
- refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combinations of
cultures that can be produced through the different trans planetary processes.
- Associated with cultural hybridization.
GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
- study of the world’s population — how many people there are, where they live, how they grow in
number, how they move, and what their lives look like (age, gender, etc.).

GLOBAL MIGRATION
- the movement of people from one country to another, across the world.
It’s about people leaving one place and settling in another, for all kinds of reasons — work,
safety, family, education, or a better life.
-
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON GLOBAL MIGRATION
- Globalization increases global migration by making it easier for people to move, offering more
opportunities, and creating both push and pull factors worldwide. (positive)
- Globalization can negatively impact global migration by creating inequality, brain drain,
exploitation, and social tensions for both migrants and their home or host countries. (negative)
GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

- religious beliefs, practices, and traditions are spreading across the world, often blending
with other cultures, adapting to new places, and influencing global conversations.
- It’s like religion has become part of the global flow — just like music, food, fashion, or
ideas.
- the worldwide spread, interaction, and transformation of religious beliefs and practices
due to increased global connections.

EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION


- Apple is a perfect example of how the global economy is connected:
- 🔧 Design in the U.S.
- Apple designs its products (like iPhones and MacBooks) in California.
- 🏭 Manufacturing in Asia
The parts come from different countries:
Chips from the U.S. or Taiwan
Screens from South Korea or Japan
Assembly mostly in China (e.g., Foxconn factories)
- 🚢 Global Supply Chain
These parts travel across borders, assembled in another country, then shipped worldwide.
- 💰 Selling Worldwide
Apple sells its products in nearly every country — and earns profits in multiple
currencies.
- This shows how production, labor, resources, and markets are all connected globally.

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