Disaster Readiness

and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 10:
Hazard: Its Impact,
Identification and Risk
Assessment
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 10: Hazard: Its Impact, Identification and Risk Assessment
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rodgem A. Barairo

Ruby C. Bautista

Editors: Aries B. Manalo

Riza Mae S. Sanchez
Josefina M. Fabra

Reviewers: Desiree D. Vista

Rex J. Vibal

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Layout Artists: Dyesa Jane P. Calderon

Leumel M. Cadapan

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Disaster Readiness
and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 10:
Hazard: Its Impact,
Identification and
Risk Assessment
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hazard: Its Impact, Identification and
Risk Assessment!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11/12 Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hazard: Its Impact, Identification and
Risk Assessment!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be

Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Have you heard of people who lost their job and suffered extreme
depression as a result of an epidemic? What about people who were
physically injured in the workplace while performing their tasks? How do
concerned government agencies address an epidemic like the Covid-19
outbreak? The answers to such questions will be revealed as you progress
in this module.

Your knowledge on hazards and its types from previous module is key to
understanding the impacts of various hazards on different exposed
elements and the method of hazard identification and risk assessment.

In this lesson, you will be acquainted with a systematic examination of a

process and task being carried out at work for the purpose of identifying
hazards and accompanying risks. Furthermore, you will determine which
risks need to be prioritized and think of actions that need to be taken in
order to manage risks, if not totally eliminate them.

Upon completion of this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the impacts of various hazards on different exposed

elements;
2. classify hazard impacts;
3. perform hazard identification and risk assessment; and
4. recognize the value of being disaster-resilient.

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 What I Know

Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Aron Angelo and Peodatto are both working in the same chemical
laboratory and are both exposed to same kind and amount of
hazardous chemicals. Aron Angelo, though has weaker immune system
than
Peodatto. Between them, who is less vulnerable to develop a
disease caused by chemical exposure?
A. Aron Angelo C. Either Aron Angelo or Peodatto
B. Peodatto D. They have same level of vulnerability.
2. People residing near the seashore are usually in greater danger of
experiencing a tsunami than those residing farther from the
seashore. Which of the following statements about the given
scenario is correct?
A. The seashore is the risk.
B. The occurrence of a tsunami is the risk.
C. People residing far from the seashore are the ones exposed
to the hazard.
D. Vulnerability is greater for people residing farther from
the seashore.

3. Which impact of a hazard is psychological?

A. viral disease
B. anxiety and mental trauma
C. destruction of houses and buildings
D. retrenchment of employees in manufacturing companies

For items 4 to 6
Octopus-wiring and electrical connections might lead to fire. This is
common in small houses with large number of family members, making
each family member susceptible to the danger.
4. Which is the hazard in the given situation?
A. living in a small house
B. potential occurrence of fire
C. large number of family members in a small house
D. octopus-wiring and electrical connections
5. Which is the risk in the given scenario?
A. living in a small house
B. potential occurrence of fire
C. large number of family members in a small house

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 D. octopus-wiring and electrical connections

6. Which gives the information on vulnerability?

A. living in a small house
B. potential occurrence of fire
C. large number of family members in a small house
D. octopus-wiring and electrical connections

For items 7 to 11,

In each given scenario, classify the hazard impact if it is (A) physical, (B)
psychological, (C) socio-cultural, (D) economic, (E) environmental or (F)
biological.

7. depression and fear

8. coronavirus disease
9. stoppage of industrial operations
10. collapse of buildings
11. body injuries (bruises, wounds)

12. It refers to knowing all the agents in a certain workplace that

can cause accidents or any type of harm.
A. hazard identification
B. risk assessment
C. safety management
D. SWOT analysis
13. Which of the following are given consideration in risk assessment?
A. probability and impact
B. severity and type of hazard
C. type of hazard and impact
D. impact and type of damage/ harm
14. Vergel suffers from a mental depression after he lost his job when
the company where he used to work retrenched many of its
employees. To what type of hazard impact does Vergel’s depression
belong?
A. biological
B. environmental
C. physical
D. psychological
15. The Amazon rainforest was thought to have 2.5 million species of
insects. It used to be referred to as the “Lungs of the Planet”
because it produces more than 20% of the world’s oxygen. In
September 18, 2019, it burned at a rate not seen in almost a
decade. What type of hazard impact did this incident bring?
A. environmental

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 B. physical
C. psychological
D. socio-cultural

Lesson Hazard: Its Impact,

1 Identification and
Risk Assessment
In any workplace or environment, safety works best if hazards and its
impacts are identified. Moreover, assessment of risks accompanying
hazards must also be done to ensure safety or at least minimize the
impact of hazards, if not totally eradicated.

A sound safety management program must be established to avoid

injuries and unpleasant events brought about by hazards and
accompanying risks.

What’s In

A hazard is defined is simply a condition or a set of circumstances that

present a potential for harm. So far, you also have learned that hazards
are divided into two broad categories: health hazard (can cause
occupational illnesses) and safety hazard (can cause physical harm or
injuries). A hazard can also be classified into six types which are
biological, chemical, physical, safety, ergonomic and psychosocial.

On the other hand, risk refers to the potential for loss, damage or
destruction a hazard can cause while vulnerability refers to the
characteristics of a community or system that make it susceptible to the
possible damaging effects of a hazard. For example, a doctor who is
handling a patient infected with a virus (hazard) has a high chance of
getting infected (risk) if she has poor immune system and does not wear
personal protective equipment (vulnerability).

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 Notes to the Teacher
The teacher must ensure that the learner has taken up topics on
different hazard types and how the words hazard, risk
and vulnerability differ from each other prior to the use
of this module.

What’s New

1Pic 1Word
Instructions: Refer to the given pictures and captions to guess the word/s by
arranging the jumbled letters. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. NEXYITA _____________ 2. FOSTER RIFE _____________

Too much fear and The burning of Amazon
worrying after a loved- rainforest in Brazil (2019)
one died of COVID-19 leaving many species
dead and homeless

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3. LSIYERPR _____________ 4. ROVOCIRUSNA _____________
The difficulty to hold firmly or An invisible enemy that originated from
stand on something because it Wuhan, China in 2019 that causes
is smooth, wet or slimy respiratory illness and is highly
contagious

5. UTENMENPMOLY ____________
No-work-no-pay 6. NOITMIRCISNIDA _____________
scenario brought by In a world where one culture
economic dillema is not being embraced by
another’s culture

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 What is It

What are the Different Impacts of Hazards?

A hazard can bring about many impacts which can come in different
types. Facilities and infrastructures are commonly the target of natural
hazards. Specifically, these impacts can trigger accidents and the release
of toxic substances, fires and explosions, potentially resulting in health
effects, environmental pollution and economic losses.
One way to classify hazard impacts is by means of general impact themes
namely:
• Danger to life which includes physical and psychological
harm and diseases
• Denial of access like energy, water, communication
and transport access
• Damage to the physical environment like buildings and land

For the purpose of this module, we will focus on six (6) more specific types
of hazard impacts.
1. Physical impact
- Physical injuries (bone fracture, wounds, bruises)
- Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation
system, roads, bridges, power lines and communication lines.
- Wide spread destruction of housing and buildings

2. Psychological impact
- Grief and psychological illness
- Marital conflict
- Depression due to loss of loved ones and properties
- Chronic anxiety

3. Socio- cultural impact

- Displacement of population
- Loss of cultural identity
- Forced of adoption of new sets of culture
- Ethnic conflicts

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 4. Economic impact
- Loss of job due to displacement
- Loss of harvest and livestock
- Loss of farms, fish cages and other source of food
- Loss of money and other valuables

5. Environmental impact
- Loss of forest due to forest fires
- Loss of fresh water due to salination
- Disturbance of biodiversity
- Loss of natural rivers

6. Biological impact
- Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
- Chronic and permanent illness caused by biological agents
- Proliferation of different viral diseases

Identification of Hazards and Risk Assessment

Hazard identification is the process of determining all physical and
nonphysical agents in the workplace or specific environment. Most
occupational health and safety problems are caused by hazards which are
not eliminated or managed. In order to prevent untoward incidents in a
workplace or community, elimination or controlling of hazards is crucial. In
some workplaces where hazards cannot be eliminated, they must be
monitored and properly managed at the least.

Risk assessment is a way to determine which hazards and risks should

prioritized by taking into consideration the probability and severity of
impact. Below are the steps in hazard identification and risk assessment.
1. Identify the hazards. Use the following methods:
a. Observation - use your senses of sight, hearing, smell and touch -
combined with knowledge and experience.
b. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) - obtain them from
manufacturers and suppliers. It gives information on possible harm
from hazardous substances and precautions that need to be taken.
c. Hazard and risk surveys - interview other people about their safety
concerns as far as the workplace is concerned. Utmost consideration
should be given to children or visitors who could be at risk.
d. Discussion groups - are useful for identifying hazards and
recommending solutions.
e. Safety audits – a committee must be assigned to periodically check
safety in the area.

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 2. Assess the Risk. Once a hazard has been identified, the likelihood
and possible severity of injury or harm will need to be assessed
before determining how best to minimize the risk. High-risk hazards
need to be addressed more urgently than low- risk ones.

Table 1. Risk Assessment Scoring Matrix

Source: Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Risk Level Matrix, www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum

3. Make the changes. Once risks are assessed, the next step is to
make decision for some necessary changes. These changes include
removing the hazard and replacing it with something less
hazardous, engineering modifications like installation of exhausts,
safety barriers and safety exits, modification of procedures, etc.
Combination of the risk control measures mentioned above to
effectively reduce exposure to hazards can also be done.

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Table 2. Risk assessment and control measures to counter risks

Source: Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Risk Level Matrix, www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum

4. Checking the changes made. To make sure risk has been

minimized, and a further hazard has not been created, the new
safety measures may need to be carefully tested before work begins
again. Risk assessment doesn’t end with making changes. It is
essential that these changes made are monitored and checked. It
must be monitored if the changes done are being followed
consistently and if these changes contribute to the improvement of
safety management in the workplace. This last step has to be done
periodically to accurately assess the effectiveness of the entire
process.

What’s More

Activity 1.1: Concept Webbing

Instruction: Classify the following hazard impacts by writing them inside

the appropriate boxes.

insanity Amazon forest fire overthinking

amputated leg broken spine bankruptcy
massive lay-off of workers bird’s flu cultural wars
COVID-19 relocation of people volcanic ash

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 Psychological
Physical

Socio- Cultural Enviromental

Biological
Economic

Figure 1. Six Types of Hazard Impacts

From the activity above, you are able to familiarize yourself with the types
of hazard impacts. Now, proceed to the next activity to enrich your
understanding of Hazard Identification.

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Activity 1.2: That Hazard Looks Familiar!
Instruction: Spot 5 hazards you can identify from the picture. On a
photocopy of the image, encircle all the hazards you can see using a
red-inked pen.

Activity 1.3: Assessment and Reduction of Risks

• Choose 5 hazards you have spotted from the picture in Activity
1.2. That Hazard Looks Familiar.
• Conduct a risk assessment with proposed changes using the
table below.
• An example is provided for your reference.

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Table 3. Risk Assessment from identified hazards in Activity 1.2

Hazard Risk Probability Impact Risk Changes made to

Level reduce the risk
Not Potential
wearing Provision of PPE’s
physical 4 5 20 High
of PPE to employees
injuries

Activities 1.2 and 1.3 are components of Safety Management.

Remember under all circumstances, cliché as it may sound, SAFETY
FIRST must be ensured because when safety is compromised accidents
might happen and quality of work suffers.

What I Have Learned

Instruction: Fill in the blanks with word/s in order to make the idea complete.

1. A _____________ is any agent in a workplace, can be an object or

procedure that can cause potential harm.
2. A ______ refers to the potential harm a hazard can cause.
3. ______________ refers to the susceptibility of an element exposed to
the risks of a hazard.
4. _______________ refers to the process of determining all the agents in
a workplace that can cause harm.
5. Risk Assessment takes into account the ____________ of happening
and the ___________ of impact of a risk. It is done to determine which
risks should be addressed first or prioritized.

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 6. The following are the steps in hazard identification and risk
assessment- (a) identify the hazards, (b) ____________________, (c)
make changes, and lastly, (d) _____________________.
7. Changes must be made after assessing the risks. The changes made
should be ____________ on a regular basis.

What I Can Do

Perform a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment of your house by

following the steps you have learned from this module.
• List the hazards and the risks that go with each hazard.
• Know which risk to prioritize by risk assessment.
• Propose changes in order to reduce risks.

Use the table below.

Table 4. Risk assessment from identified hazards in our house
Location Risk Changes
Hazard in the Risk Probability Impact made to
Level reduce the
house risk

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 Assessment

Write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which sequence is correct in hazard identification and

risk assessment?
I. Modify procedures based on risk assessment.
II. Assess risks.
III. Monitor the modifications if followed.
IV. Identify hazards.

A. IV, III, I, II C. II, I, IV, III B. IV, II, I, III

D. II, IV, I, III
2. Which of the following is true about risk assessment?
A. It is done to know which risk should be addressed first.
B. It tells which risk is the most serious.
C. Risk assessment is done by taking into consideration
both probability and impact.
D. All of the above
3. Which impact of a hazard is an economic impact of hazard?
A. Viral disease
B. Anxiety and mental trauma
C. Destruction of houses and buildings
D. Retrenchment of employees in manufacturing companies

For items 4 to 6, match the terms with their meanings.

As a construction worker, Tyrel works in height, thus is prone to fall. He

is well-trained and wears protective equipment, though.
4. Which is considered as risk in this given scenario?
A. potential fall
B. being well-trained
C. working in height
D. wearing of protective equipment
5. Which is considered as the hazard?
A. potential fall
B. being well-trained
C. working in height
D. wearing of protective equipment

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 6. Since Tyrel is well-trained and always wears protective
equipment, how will you judge his vulnerability to a fall?
A. high
B. low
C. moderate
D. cannot be determined

For items 7 to 11, given the following hazard impacts, tell whether it is
physical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic, environmental or biological.

7. Pollution of oceans and rivers

A. biological C. environmental
B. economic D. psychological
8. SARS
A. biological C. environmental
B. economic D. psychological
9. Retrenchments/ Job loss
A. biological C. environmental
B. economic D. socio-cultural
10. Mental trauma
A. biological C. psychological
B. economic D. socio-cultural
11. Broken bones
A. economic C. physical
B. environmental D. socio-cultural
12. Which is an example of socio-cultural impact?
A. insanity
B. burnt skin
C. closing of factories
D. religious conflict as a result of sudden displacement of
group of people
13. Which of the following should be given consideration in
risk assessment?
A. probability and impact
B. type of hazard and impact
C. severity and type of hazard
D. impact and type of damage/ harm
14. If the product of probability and impact is 12, what is the
descriptive rating of a given risk?
A. low C. high
B. moderate D. extreme

15. The higher the chance a risk will happen and the greater the severity

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 of the impact, the _______ is the priority that should be given to
a risk.
A. higher C. more uncertain
B. lower D. less uncertain

Additional Activities

Read the lyrics of the song “Hazard” written and sung by Richard Marx.
You may also listen to it on Youtube, if possible. It was released in 1991,
and when he performed the song live in 2011, he admitted that a
“fictional murder suspect” was the dumbest story to write about. That
same year, it hit number 1 in thirteen countries. The song tells of a story
which will leave you puzzled as to who/what killed Mary.

Hazard

My mother came to Hazard when I was just seven

Even then the folks in town said with prejudiced eyes
That boy’s not right

Three years ago when I came in on Mary First time someone looked
beyond the rumors and the lies Saw the man inside

[Chorus 1]
We used to walk down by the river
She loved to watch the sun go down
We used to walked along the river
And dream our way out of this town

[Verse 2]
No one understood what I felt for Mary
No one cared until the night she went out walking all alone
And never came home

Man with a badge came knocking next morning

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 Here I was surrounded by a thousand fingers suddenly
Pointed right at me

[Chorus 2]
I swear I left by the river
I swear I left her safe and sound
I need to make it to the river
And leave this old Nebraska town

[Bridge]
I think about my life gone by
How it’s done me wrong
There’s no escape for me this time
All of my recues are gone, long gone

[Chorus 2]
I swear I left her by the river
I swear I left her safe and sound
I need to make it to the river
And leave this old Nebraska town

Guide Questions:

1. Who/What do you think are the possible suspects/cause for

Mary’s death?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. Among your list of suspects/causes for Mary’s death, who/which

do you think is really the true culprit? Why do you say so?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

3. How will you relate the essence of the song to your learnings
from this module?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

may vary
monitored .7
- Activity 12,. 13.- Answers
made
check the changes massive lay-off of workers
Assess the risks, .6 - Economic- bankruptcy-
Probability, severity .5 .15 A
covid-19
Hazard identification .4 - Biological - bird’s flu,
Vulnerability .3
ash, Amazon forest fire
Risk .2
- Environmental - volcanic
Hazard .1
of people, cultural wars
Learned? - Socio-cultural- relocation
What I Have Overthinking
.15 A - Psychological-insanity.
.14 C .14 D
broken spine
.13 A .13 A
- Physical –amputated leg,
.12 D .12 A
Activity 1.1- .11 A
.11 C
.10 A
.10 C What's More D .9
B .9
A .8 F .8
C .7 Discrimination B .7
.6 C .6
B .6
C .5 Unemployment .5 B .5
A .4 Coronavirus .4 D .4
D .3 Slippery .3 B .3
D .2 Forest fire .2 B .2
B .1 Anxiety .1 B .1
Assessment What’s New What I Know

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References

Department of Environment, B. (n.d.). The Impact of Hazards on People

and the Environment – igeogers, http://igeogers.weebly.com/the-
impact-of-hazards-on-people-and-the-environment.ht

Ma. Rosalie Gonzales, Risk Assessment, Powerpoint presentation, Lecheria

National High School-ISO Committee, Calamba City, Laguna,
September 10, 2019

E. Krausmann, S. Girgin, and A. Necci (2019), In International Journal of

Disaster Risk Reduction (Vol. 40), Natural hazard impacts on industry
and critical infrastructure: Natech risk drivers and risk management
performance indicators, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101163

UNISDR. (2009). United Nations International Strategy for Disaster

Reduction Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction.

G. Wells,(1996). Hazard identification and risk assessment. Hazard

Identification and Risk Assessment, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429280740-13

11_Mod_3_Participant_Manual.pdf,
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/fy11_sh-22318—

Gulsum Kubra Kaya, Research Gate, Risk Level Matrix,

www.researchgate.net/profile/Gulsum

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]