IACS

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
OF CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES

No.47
Shipbuilding
and
Repair Quality Standard
(1996)
(Rev. 1, 1999)
(Rev.2, Dec. 2004)
(Rev.3, Nov. 2006)

Part A Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard for New

Construction
Part B Repair Quality Standard for Existing Ships
No.47 Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard
(1996) 9. Repair
(Rev. 1, 1999) 9.1 Typical misalignment repair
(Rev.2, Dec. 2004) 9.2 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding)
(Rev.3, Nov. 2006) 9.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding)
Part A Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard for New 9.4 Typical fillet and butt weld profile repair (manual welding)
Construction 9.5 Distance between welds repair
Part B Repair Quality Standard for Existing Ships 9.6 Erroneous hole repair
9.7 Repair by insert plate
PART A - SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR NEW 9.8 Weld surface repair
CONSTRUCTION
REFERENCES
1. Scope 1. IACS “Bulk Carriers - Guidelines for Surveys, Assessment and Repair of Hull
Structure”
2. General requirements for new construction 2. TSCF “Guidelines for the inspection and maintenance of double hull tanker
structures”
3. Qualification of personnel and procedures 3. TSCF “Guidance manual for the inspection and condition assessment of tanker
3.1 Qualification of welders structures”
3.2 Qualification of welding procedures 4. IACS UR W7 “Hull and machinery steel forgings”
3.3 Qualification of NDE operators 5. IACS UR W8 “Hull and machinery steel castings”
4. Materials 6. IACS UR W11 “Normal and higher strength hull structural steel”
4.1 Materials for structural members 7. IACS UR W13 “Allowable under thickness tolerances of steel plates and wide flats”
4.2 Under thickness tolerances 8. IACS UR W14 “Steel plates and wide flats with improved through thickness
4.3 Surface conditions properties”
5. Cutting 9. IACS UR W17 “Approval of consumables for welding normal and higher strength
5.1 Gas cutting hull structural steels”
6. Fabrication and fairness 10. IACS UR Z10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers” and Z10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk
6.1 Flanged longitudinals and flanged brackets carriers” Annex I
6.2 Built-up sections 11. IACS Recommendation No.
6.3 Corrugated bulkheads 12 “Guidelines for surface finish of hot rolled plates and wide flats “
6.4 Pillars, brackets and stiffeners 13. IACS Recommendation No. 20 “ Guide for inspection of ship hull welds”
6.5 Maximum heating temperature on surface for line heating
6.6 Block assembly
6.7 Special sub-assembly
6.8 Shape
6.9 Fairness of plating between frames
6.10 Fairness of plating with frames
6.11 Preheating for welding hull steels at low temperature

7. Alignment
8. Welding
8.1 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation (manual welding)
8.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation (manual welding)
8.3 Typical butt and fillet weld profile (manual welding)
8.4 Lap, plug and slot welding
8.5 Distance between welds
8.6 Automatic welding

1. Scope
1.1 This standard provides guidance on shipbuilding quality standards for the hull 2. General requirements for new construction
structure during new construction and the repair standard where the quality 2.1 In general, the work is to be carried out in accordance with the Classification
standard is not met. Society rules and under the supervision of the Surveyor to the Classification
Whereas the standard generally applies to Society
- conventional ship types,
- parts of hull covered by the rules of the Classification Society, 2.2 Provisions are to be made for proper accessibility, staging, lighting and
-hull structures constructed from normal and higher strength hull ventilation. Welding operations are to be carried out under shelter from rain,
structural steel, snow and wind.
the applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the
Classification Society. 2.3 Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to
The standard does generally not apply to the new construction of approved and qualified welding procedures and with welding consumables
- special types of ships as e.g. gas tankers approved by the Classification Society, see Section 3. Welding operations are to
- structures fabricated from stainless steel or other, special types or be carried out under proper supervision by the shipbuilder.
grades of steel
3. Qualification of personnel and procedures
1.2 The standard covers typical construction methods and gives guidance on quality 3.1 Qualification of welders
standards for the most important aspects of such construction. Unless explicitly 3.1.1 Welders are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the
stated elsewhere in the standard, the level of workmanship reflected herein Classification Society or to a recognized national or international standard, e.g.
will in principle be acceptable for primary and secondary structure of EN 287, ISO 9606, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other
conventional designs. A more stringent standard may however be required for standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation.
critical and highly stressed areas of the hull, and this is to be agreed with the Subcontractors are to keep records of welders qualification and, when
Classification Society in each case. In assessing the criticality of hull structure required, furnish valid approval test certificates.
and structural components, reference is made to ref. 1, 2 and 3. 3.1.2 Welding operators using fully mechanized or fully automatic processes need
generally not pass approval testing provided that the production welds made
1.3 Details relevant to structures or fabrication procedures not covered by this by the operators are of the required quality. However, operators are to receive
standard are to be approved by the Classification Society on the basis of adequate training in setting or programming and operating the equipment
procedure qualifications and/or recognized national standards. Records of training and production test results shall be maintained on
individual operator’s files and records, and be made available to the
1.4 It is intended that these standards provide guidance where established Classification Society for inspection when requested.
shipbuilding or national standards approved by the Classification Society do 3.2 Qualification of welding procedures
not exist. Welding procedures are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of
the Classification Society or a recognized national or international standard, e.g.
1.5 For use of this standard, fabrication fit-ups, deflections and similar quality EN288, ISO 9956, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other
attributes are intended to be uniformly distributed about the nominal values. standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation.
The shipyard is to take corrective action to improve work processes that The welding procedure should be supported by a welding procedure
produce measurements where a skewed distribution is evident. Relying upon qualification record. The specification is to include the welding process, types
remedial steps that truncate a skewed distribution of the quality attribute is of electrodes, weld shape, edge preparation, welding techniques and positions.
unacceptable. 3.3 Qualification of NDE operators
3.3.1 Personnel performing non-destructive examination for the purpose of assessing
1.6 In this standard, both a "Standard" range and a "Limit" range are listed. The quality of welds in connection with new construction covered by this standard,
"Standard" range represents the target range expected to be met in regular are to be qualified in accordance with Classification Society rules or to a
work under normal circumstances. The "Limit" range represents the maximum recognized international or national qualification scheme. Records of operators
allowable deviation from the "Standard" range. Work beyond the "Standard" and their current certificates are to be kept and made available to the Surveyor
range but within the "Limit" range is acceptable. for inspection.
4. Materials 4.2.6 Further Defects
4.1 Materials for Structural Members 4.2.6.1 Lamination
All materials, including weld consumables, to be used for the structural Investigation to be carried out at the steelmill into the cause and extent of the
members are to be approved by the Classification Society as per the approved laminations. Severe lamination is to be repaired by local insert plates. The
construction drawings and meet the respective IACS Unified Requirements. minimum breadth or length of the plate to be replaced is to be:
Additional recommendations are contained in the following paragraphs. All • 1600mm for shell and strength deck plating in way of cruciform or T-joints,
materials used should be manufactured at a works approved by the • 800mm for shell, strength deck plating and other primary members,
Classification Society for the type and grade supplied. • 300mm for other structural members.
4.2 Surface Conditions Local limited lamination may be repaired by chipping and/or grinding followed
4.2.1 Definitions by welding in accordance with sketch (a). In case where the local limited
Minor Imperfections: pitting, rolled-in scale, indentations, roll marks, scratches lamination is near the plate surface, the repair may be carried out as shown in
and grooves Defects: Cracks, shells, sand patches, sharp edged seams and sketch (b). For limitations see paragraph 4.2.5.
minor imperfections not exceeding the limits of table 1 in case that the sum of
the influenced area exceeds 5% of the total surface in question Depth of
Imperfections or defects: the depth is to be measured from the surface of the
product
4.2.2 Unrepaired Conditions
Minor imperfections, in accordance with the limits described in Table 1, are 4.2.6.2 Weld Spatters
permissible and may be left unrepaired. Loose weld spatters are to be removed completely by grinding or other
4.2.3 Repairs of Defects measures to clean metal (see Table 9.13) on:
Defects are to be repaired by grinding or welding irrespective of their size and • shell plating
number. Repair by grinding may be carried out over the entire surface up to a • deck plating on exposed decks
depth equal to –0.3mm. • in tanks for chemical cargoes
4.2.4 Repairs by Grinding • in tanks for fresh water and for drinking water
The nominal thickness is not to be reduced by more than 7% or 3mm, • in tanks for lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, including service tanks
whichever is the lesser. Each single ground area is not to exceed 0.25m2 . The 5. Cutting
defects are to be completely removed by grinding. Complete elimination of the 5.1 Gas Cutting
defects is to be verified by a magnetic particle or dye penetrate test procedure. The roughness of the cut edges R is to meet the following requirements:
The ground areas must have smooth transitions to the surrounding surface. Free Edges:
4.2.5 Repairs by welding Standard Limit
Local defects, which cannot be repaired by grinding, may be repaired by Strength Members 150µm 300µm
chipping and/or grinding followed by welding in accordance with the qualified Others 500µm 1000µm
procedures approved by the Classification Society concerned. Any single Welding Edges:
welded area is not to exceed 0.125m2. The weld preparation should not reduce Standard Limit
the thickness of the product below 80% of the nominal thickness. Welding is to Strength Members 400µm 800µm
be completed with one layer of weld bead in excess, which is subsequently to Others 800µm 1500µm
be ground smooth, level with the plate surface. The soundness of the repair is
to be verified by ultrasonic, magnetic particle or dye penetrant methods.
Table 1 Limits for minor imperfections left unrepaired
Imperfection
surface area Ratio 15 ~ 20% 5 ~ 15% 0 ~ 5%
(%)
tt < 20mm 0.2mm 0.4mm 0.5mm
20mm ≤ t < 50mm 0.2mm 0.6mm 0.7mm
50mm ¡Ü t 0.2mm 0.7mm 0.9mm

TABLE 6.1 – Flanged Longitudinal and Flanged Brackets

Detail Standard Limit Remarks
6. Fabrication and fairness
6.1 Flanged longitudinal and flanged brackets (see Table 6.1) Breadth of flange
6.2 Built-up sections (see Table 6.2)
6.3 Corrugated bulkheads (see Table 6.3)
6.4 Pillars, brackets and stiffeners (see Table 6.4)
6.5 Maximum heating temperature on surface for line heating (see Table
6.5) ± 3 mm ± 5 mm
6.6 Block assembly (see Table 6.6)
6.7 Special sub-assembly (see Table 6.7)
6.8 Shape (see Table 6.8 and 6.9)
6.9 Fairness of plating between frames (see Table 6.10)
6.10 Fairness of plating with frames (see Table 6.11) compared to correct size
6.11 Preheating for welding hull steels at low temperature (See Table 6.12) Angle between flange and
web
7. Alignment
The quality standards for alignment of hull structural components during new
construction are shown in Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3. The Classification Society
may require a closer construction tolerance in areas requiring special attention,
as follows: per 100
± 3 mm ± 5 mm
• Regions exposed to high stress concentrations mm of a
• Fatigue prone areas
• Detail design block erection joints
• Higher tensile steel regions
8. Welding Details compared to template
8.1 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation (manual welding) - see Table 8.1 and
8.2
8.2 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation (manual welding) - see Table 8.3 and Straightness in plane of
8.4 flange and web
8.3 Typical butt and fillet weld profile (manual welding) - see Table 8.5
8.4 Distance between welds - see Table 8.6
8.5 Automatic welding - see Table 8.7

9. Repair
9.1 Typical misalignment repair - see Tables 9.1 to 9.3
9.2 Typical butt weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding) - see Table
9.4 and 9.5 per 10 m
± 10 mm ± 25 mm
9.3 Typical fillet weld plate edge preparation repair (manual welding) - see Tables
9.6 to 9.8
9.4 Typical fillet and butt weld profile repair (manual welding) - see Table 9.9
9.5 Distance between welds repair - see Table 9.10
9.6 Erroneous hole repair - see Table 9.11
9.7 Repair by insert plate - see Table 9.12
9.8 Weld surface repair - see Table 9.13
 TABLE 6.2 – Built Up Sections TABLE 6.3 – Corrugated Bulkheads
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Frames and longitudinal Mechanical bending
Material to be
suitable for
cold
flanging
R ≥ 3t mm 2t
(forming)
per 100 mm and welding in
± 1.5mm ± 3mm
of a way
of radius
Depth of corrugation

±3mm ±6mm

Distortion of face plate

Breadth of corrugation

d≤5+a/100
d≤3+a/100
mm
mm
±3mm ±6mm

Distortion of built up Pitch and depth of

longitudinal, girder and swedged
transverse at upper edge h : ± 2.5mm
corrugated bulkhead
and flange Where it is
compared H : ± 5mm
not
with correct value Where it is
aligned with
not aligned
other
with other
bulkheads
±10mm ±25mm per 10 m bulkheads
P : ± 6mm
in length P : ± 9mm
Where it is
Where it is
aligned
aligned with
with
other
other
bulkheads
bulkheads
P : ± 3mm
P : ± 2mm

TABLE 6.4 – Pillars, Brackets and Stiffeners TABLE 6.5 - Maximum Heating Temperature on Surface for Line Heating
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Item Standard Limit Remarks
Pillar (between decks) Conventional
Process Water cooling
AH32-EH32 & just after Under 650°C
AH36-EH36 heating

4 mm
6 mm
Air cooling
Under 900°C
TCMP type after heating
AH32-EH32 &
AH36-EH36 Under 900°C
(Ceq.>0.38%) Air cooling (starting
and temperature
Cylindrical structure subsequent of water
diameter (pillars, masts, water cooling cooling to be
posts, etc.) after heating under
± D/200 mm 500°C)
± D/150 mm
max. + 5 TMCP type
max. 7.5 mm
mm AH32-DH32 & Water cooling
AH36-DH36 just after Under
(Ceq. ≤ 0.38%) heating or air 1000°C

Tripping bracket and

small stiffener, Distortion
at the part of free edge TMCP type
EH32 & EH36 Cooling Water
(Ceq. ≤ 0.38%) cooling just Under 900°C
after heating
or air cooling
A ≤ t/2 mm
t
NOTE:
Mn Cr+Mo+V Ni+Cu
Ceq = C + —— + ————— + ——— (%)
6 5 15
 TABLE 6.6 – Block Assembly TABLE 6.7 – Special Sub-Assembly
Item Standard Limit Remarks Item Standard Limit Remarks
Flat Plate Assembly
Length and Breadth ± 4 mm ± 6 mm
Distance between
Distortion ±10mm ±20mm ±5mm ±10mm
upper/lower gudgeon
Squareness ±05mm ±10mm
Deviation of interior 05mm 10mm
members from Plate Distance between aft
edge of boss and aft ±5mm ±10mm
Curved plate assembly
peak bulkhead
Length and Breadth ± 4mm ± 8 mm
Distortion ±10mm ±20mm measured
along the Twist of sub-
Squareness ±10mm ±15mm girth assembly of stern
Deviation of interior 05mm 10mm 5mm 10mm
frame
members from plate
Flat cubic assembly
Length and Breadth
± 4mm ± 06 mm
Distortion Deviation of rudder
±10mm ±20mm 4mm 8mm
Squareness from shaft center line
±05mm ±10mm
Deviation of interior
05mm 10mm
members from plate
Twist ±10mm ±20mm Twist of rudder plate 6mm 10mm
Deviation between ±10mm
±05mm
upper and lower plate

Curved cubic Flatness of top plate

5mm 10mm
assembly of main engine bed
Length and Breadth ± 04mm ± 08 mm
Distortion ±10mm ±20mm
Squareness ±10mm ±15mm measured
along with
Deviation of interior ±05mm ±10mm girth
members from plate Breadth and length
±15mm ±25mm of top plate of main ±4mm ± 6mm
Twist
engine bed
Deviation between upper ±07mm ±15mm
and lower plate

TABLE 6.8 – Shape TABLE 6.9 – Shape

Item Standard Limit Remarks Item Standard Limit Remarks
Deformation for the whole length per 100 m
against the
± 50 mm Applied to ships of 100
line of keel
sighting metre length and above. For
the convenience of the
Deformation for the distance measurement the point
between two adjacent bulkheads Length between ±50 per
where the keel is connected
perpendiculars 100m
to the curve of the stern may
be substituted for the fore
± 15 mm
perpendicular in the
measurement of the length.

Cocking-up of fore body

Length between
± 30 mm aft edge of boss ±25mm
and main engine

Cocking-up of aft-body

Applied to ships of 15
± 20 mm Moulded breadth metre breadth and above.
±15mm
at midship Measured on the upper
deck.

Rise of floor amidships

± 15 mm Moulded depth at Applied to ships of

±10mm
midship 10 metre depth and above
 TABLE 6.10 – Fairness of Plating Between Frames TABLE 6.11 – Fairness of Plating with Frames
Item Standard Limit Remarks Item Standard Limit Remarks
Parallel part Parallel part ±2 l /1000mm ±3 l /1000mm
Shell plate (side & bottom shell) 4 mm Shell
plate Fore and aft
±3 l /1000mm ±4 l /1000mm l = span of
Fore and aft part 5 mm part
frame, To be
Tank top 8mm measured
4 mm Strength deck (excluding
plate between on
cross deck) and top plate ±3 l /1000mm ±4 l /1000mm
Longl. Bulkhead of double bottom trans.
space (min. l =
Bulkhead Trans. Bulkhead 6 mm
3m)
Swash Bulkhead
Bulkhead ±4 l /1000mm ±5 l /1000mm
Parallel part 4 mm 8 mm
Strength 6 mm 9 mm
Fore and aft part
deck Others ±5 l /1000mm ±6 l /1000mm
Covered part
7 mm 9 mm
Second Bare part 6 mm 8 mm
deck Covered part 7 mm 9 mm
Forecastle Bare part 4 mm 8 mm
deck
poop deck Covered part 6 mm 9 mm l = span of frame
Super Bare part 4 mm 6 mm
(minimum l =3m)
structure
Deck Covered part 6 mm 9 mm

Outside wall 4 mm 6 mm

House wall Inside wall 6mm 8mm To be measured between one

trans. space.
Covered part 7mm 9mm

Interior member (web of girder,

5mm 7mm
etc)

Floor and girder in double bottom 5mm 7mm

TABLE 6.12 – Preheating for welding hull steels at low temperature TABLE 7.1 – Alignment
Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Base metal Alignment of butt welds
Item Minimum
temperature
preheating
needed
temperature
preheating
Normal a ≤ 0.15t
strength A, B, D, E Below -5oC strength a ≤ 3.0 mm
steels a ≤ 0.2t other
Higher
strength
steels Below 0oC
(TMCP
20oC 1)
type) Alignment of fillet welds a) Strength and a) Strength and
AH32 – EH 32 higher tensile: higher tensile:
Higher
AH36 – EH 36 a ≤ t1/4 a ≤ t1/3
strength measured on measured on
steels the median. the median.
Below 5 oC
(Conven or or Where t3 is
tional a1 ≤ (3t1- 2t2)/4 a1 ≤ t1/3 less than
measured on measured on t1 , then t3
type) the heel line. the heel line. should be
(Note) b) Other: b) Other: substituted
1) This level of preheat is to be applied unless the approved welding a ≤ t1/3 a≤ t1/2 for t1 in the
procedure specifies a higher level. measured measured on standard.
on the median. the median.
or or
a1 ≤ (5t1- 3t2)/6 a1 ≤ t1/2
measured on measured on
the heel line the heel line.
Alignment of fillet welds a) Strength and a)Strength and
higher tensile: higher tensile:
a ≤ t1/4 a ≤ t1/3
measured measured
on the median on the median
or or Where t3 is
a1 ≤ (3t1- 2t2)/4 a1 ≤ t1/3 less than t1,
measured on measured on then t3
the heel line. the heel line. should be
b) Other: b) Other: substitute
a ≤ t1/3 a ≤ t1/2 for t1 in the
measured measured on standard.
on the median the median
or or
a1 ≤ (5t1- 3t2)/6 a1 ≤ t1/2
measured on measured on
the heel line the heel line.
TABLE 7.2 – Alignment TABLE 7.3 – Alignment
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Alignment of flange of T- Gap between beam and
longitudinal frame
a ≤ 0.04b
a = 8.0 mm
strength

Alignment of height of T-bar, L-

a ≤ 2.0 mm a = 5.0 mm
angle bar or bulb
Primary
members
a ≤ 0.15t
a = 3.0 mm
Secondary
members
Gap around stiffener cut-
a ≤ 0.20t
out

Alignment of panel stiffener

s ≤ 2.0 mm s = 3.0 mm

d ≤ L/50

Gap between bracket /

intercostals and Stiffener

a ≤ 2.0 mm a = 3.0 mm

Alignment of lap welds

a ≤ 2.0 mm a = 3.0 mm

TABLE 8.1–Typical Butt Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual Welding) TABLE8.2–Typical Butt Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual Welding)
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Square butt Single vee butt, one side
welding with backing strip
t ≤ 5 mm (temporary or permanent)
G = 5mm see Note 1
G ≤ 3 mm

G = 3 - 9 mm G = 16mm see Note 1

Single level butt

t > 5 mm
G = 5mm see Note 1
G ≤ 3 mm

Single vee butt

Double bevel butt

t > 19 mm
G = 5mm see Note 1 G ≤ 3 mm
G ≤ 3 mm G = 5mm see Note 1

Double vee butt, uniform

bevels

G ≤ 3 mm G = 5mm see Note 1

Double vee butt, non-

uniform bevel

G ≤ 3 mm G = 5mm see Note 1

NOTE 1:- Different plate edge preparation may be accepted or

approved by the Classification Society on the basis of an appropriate
welding procedure specification. For welding procedures other than
NOTE 1:- Different plate edge preparation may be accepted or approved by the manual welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of welding procedures.
Classification Society on the basis of an appropriate welding procedure specification.
For welding procedures other than manual welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of
weld procedures.
Table 8.3-Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual Welding) Table 8.4 Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation (Manual Welding)
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Tee Fillet Single ‘J’ tee

G ≤ 2 mm G = 3mm see Note 1 G =2.5 - 4 mm see Note 1

Double bevel tee symmetrical

Small angle fillet

t > 19 mm
see Note 1
G ≤ 3 mm
G ≤ 2 mm G = 3mm see Note 1

Double bevel tee

asymmetrical
Single bevel tee with
permanent backing

Not normally t > 19 mm

see Note 1
for strength G ≤ 3 mm
G ≤ 4 - 6 mm
G = 16mm members
θ° = 30° - 45°
also see
Note 1
Double J bevel symmetrical

Single bevel tee

G =2.5- 4 mm see Note 1

G ≤ 3 mm see Note 1

NOTE 1:- Different plate edge preparation may be accepted or approved by the
NOTE 1:-Different plate edge preparation may be accepted or approved by the Classification Society on the basis of an appropriate welding procedure
Classification Society on the basis of an appropriate welding procedure specification. specification.
For welding procedures other than manual welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification of For welding procedures other than manual welding, see paragraph 3.2
welding procedures. Qualification of welding procedures.

Table 8.5 Typical Butt And Fillet Weld Profile (Manual Welding) Table 8.6 Distance Between Welds
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Standard Limit Remarks
Butt weld toe angle Scallops over weld
seams The “d” is to
for significant
be measured
members
θ ≤ 60° from the toe
θ ≤ 90° d ≥ 5mm
h ≤ 6mm of the fillet
for other
weld to the
members
toe of the
d ≥ 0mm
butt weld.
Butt weld undercut
Distance between two
0.5 mm butt welds

Fillet weld leg length d ≥ 0 mm

s ≥ 0.9sd
s = leg length a ≥ 0.9ad
sd= design s
a = throat over short
ad= design a
depth weld Distance between butt
lengths weld and fillet weld
for significant
members
Fillet weld toe angle In areas of d ≥ 10 mm
stress for other
concentration members
and fatigue, d ≥ 0 mm
θ ≤ 90°
the
Class Society
Distance between butt
may require a
welds
lesser angle.
Fillet weld undercut

150 mm
0.5 mm
Table 8.7 - Automatic Welding Table 9.1 - Typical Misalignment Repair
Detail Standard Limit Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Submerged Arc Alignment of butt joints a) Strength members
Welding (SAW) a > 0.15t1 or a > 3 mm
release and adjust t1 is lesser
b) Others plate
Edge preparation as
a > 0.2t1 or a > 3 mm thickness
per Tables 8.1 and
8.2 release and adjust

Alignment of fillet welds a) Strength and higher tensile steel

SAW may follow
0 ≤ G ≤ 0.8 mm G = 2 mm t1/3 < a ≤ t1/2 - generally increase
WPS approved by
weld throat by 10% Where t3 is
the Classification
a > t1/2 - release and adjust less than
Society.
over a minimum of t1 then t3
50a should be
See Note 1.
b) Others substituted
a > t1/2 - release and adjust for t1 in
over a minimum of standard
30a

Alignment of flange of T- When 0.04b < a ≤ 0.08b, max 8

longitudinal mm: grind corners to smooth taper
over a minimum distance L = 3a

When a > 0.08b or 8 mm: grind

corners to smooth taper over a
minimum distance L=50a

Alignment of height of T-bar, When 3 mm < a ≤ 6 mm: building

L-angle bar or bulb up by welding
When a > 6 mm: release and adjust
over minimum L = 50a
for primary structure and L = 30a
elsewhere

Alignment of lap welds 3 mm < a ≤ 5 mm:

NOTE 1 weld leg length to be increased by
Different plate edge preparation may be accepted or approved by the Classification the same
amount as increase in gap
Society on the basis of an appropriate welding procedure specification.
a > 5 mm:
For welding procedures other than manual welding, see paragraph 3.2 Qualification members to be re-aligned
of welding procedures.

Table 9.2 - Typical Misalignment Repair TABLE 9.3 – Misalignment Repair

Detail Repair Standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Gap between bracket / When 3 mm < a ≤ 5mm: weld Position of scallop When d < 75mm web plate to be
intercostals and stiffener leg length to be increased by cut between scallop and slot, and
collar plate to be fitted
increase in gap
When 5mm < a ≤ 10mm:
chamfer 30° - 40° and build up
with welding.

When a > 10mm:

increase gap to 50mm and fit OR fit small collar over scallop
collar plate

b= (2t + 25)mm, min. 50mm

OR fit collar plate over scallop

Gap between beam and Gap around stiffener cut-out When 3 mm < s ≤ 5mm weld leg
frame length to be increased as much as
increase in gap opening over 2mm

When 5 mm < s ≤ 10 mm nib to be

chamfered and built up by welding
a > 3 mm release and adjust When s > 10mm
cut off nib and fit collar plate with
same height as nib

20 mm ≤ b ≤ 50mm
TABLE 9.4 Typical Butt Weld Plate Edge Preparation Repair (Manual Welding) TABLE 9.5 Typical Butt Weld Plate Edge Preparation Repair (Manual Welding)
Detail Standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Square butt When G ≤ 10 mm chamfer to 45゜and Single vee butt, one When 5 mm < G ≤ 16 mm build
build up by welding side welding up gap with welding on one or
both sides of preparation, with
When G > 10mm build up with possible use of backing strip as
backing strip; remove, back gouge
and seal weld; or, insert plate, min.
necessary, to maximum 16mm.
width 300 mm Where a backing strip is used,
Single bevel butt When 5 mm < G ≤ 16 mm build up the backing strip is to be
gap with welding on one or both sides removed, the weld back gouged,
of preparation, with possible use of and a sealing weld made.
backing strip as Different welding procedure by
necessary, to maximum 16 mm. using other backing material
Where a backing strip is used, the
approved by the Classification
backing strip is to be removed, the
weld back gouged, and a sealing weld Society may be accepted on the
made. basis of an appropriate welding
Double bevel butt Different welding procedure by using procedure specification.
other backing material approved by
the Classification
Society may be accepted on the basis
of an appropriate welding procedure
specification
Single vee butt
When 16mm < G < 25mm
Double vee butt, uniform Welding up with edge preparation
bevels or partly
renew welding.
When 16mm < G < 25mm When G > 25 mm
Welding up with edge preparation or
an insert plate, of minimum width
partly renew welding
When G > 25mm 300 mm, to be welded in place.
An insert plate, of minimum width max. 16mm
300mm, to welded in place.
Double vee butt, non uniform
bevel

TABLE 9.6 Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation Repair (Manual Welding) TABLE 9.7 Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation Repair (Manual Welding)
Detail Repair standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Tee Fillet 3 mm < G ≤ 5mm – leg length Single bevel tee 3 mm < G ≤ 5mm build up weld
increased to Rule leg + (G-2) 5 mm < G ≤ 16 mm - build up
5 mm < G ≤ 16 mm or G ≤ 1.5t - with welding, with or without
chamfer to 30° to 45°, build up backing strip, remove backing
with welding, on one side, with strip if used, back gouge and
or without backing strip, grind back weld.
and weld.

G > 16 mm or G > 1.5t – new plate

to be inserted (min. 300mm)
G > 16mm new plate to be
inserted of minimum width
300mm

Liner treatment

Not to be used
t2 ≤ t ≤ t1 in cargo area
or areas of
G ≤ 2mm tensile stress
a = 5 mm + fillet leg length perpendicular
to liner
TABLE 9.8 Typical Fillet Weld Plate Edge Preparation Repair (Manual Welding) TABLE 9.9 Typical Fillet and Butt Weld Profile Repair (Manual Welding)
Detail Standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Single ’J’ tee Fillet weld leg length

Increase leg or
as single bevel tee throat by welding
over

Double bevel tee When 3 mm < G ≤ 16 mm build Fillet weld toe angle
symmetrical up with welding using ceramic or
other approved backing bar, θ > 90° grinding, and
remove, back gouge and back welding, where
weld. necessary, to make
θ < 90°

Butt weld toe angle θ > 90° grinding, and Minimum short bead
Double bevel tee welding, where H.T. (Ceq > 0.36%);
asymmetrical necessary, to make Length ≥ 50mm
θ < 90° H.T. (Ceq ≤ 0.36%);
Length ≥ 30mm
When G > 16 mm-insert plate of
minimum height 300 mm to be
fitted
Butt weld undercut Where 0.5 < D ≤ 1
mm undercut to be
Double J bevel ground smooth
symmetrical (localized only)

Fillet weld undercut

Where D > 1 mm
undercut to be filled
by welding

TABLE 9.10 – Distance Between Welds Repair TABLE 9.11 – Erroneous Hole Repair
Detail Repair standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Scallops over weld Holes made Strength members open hole to
seams erroneously D < 200 minimum 75 mm dia., fit and weld
mm spigot piece Fillet weld
to be
Hole to be cut and ground made after
smooth to obtain distance butt weld

The fitting
of spigot
pieces in
OR areas of
open hole to over 200 mm and fit high stress
insert plate concentrat
Other members open hole to over ion or
200 mm and fit insert plate fatigue is
OR fit lap plate to be
approved
by the
Classificati
on
Society.

Holes made Strength members

erroneously D ≥ 200 open hole and fit insert plate
Mm
Other members open hole to over
300 mm and fit insert plate
OR fit lap plate

t1 = t2 L = 50 mm, min
TABLE 9.12 – Repair by Insert Plate TABLE 9.13 – Weld Surface Repair
Detail Repair standard Remarks Detail Repair Standard Remarks
Repair by insert plate Weld spatter 1. Remove spatter observed
L = 300 mm minimum before blasting with scraper or
chipping hammer, etc.
B = 300 mm minimum
2. For spatter observed after In principal,
R = 5t mm blasting: no grinding
100mm minimum a) Remove with a chipping is applied to
(1) seam with insert piece is to be hammer, scraper, etc. weld
welded first b) For spatter not easily surface
removed with a chipping
(2) original seam is to be released hammer, scraper, etc., grind
and welded over for a the sharp angle of spatter to
minimum of 100mm make it obtuse.

Repair of built section

by insert plate
Remove the hardened zone by
grinding
Arc strike or other measures such as
overlapped weld
bead etc.
L min ≥ 300 mm

Welding sequence
(1) →(2) →(3) →(4)

Web butt weld scallop to be filled

during final pass (4)

PART B -SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR EXISTING

SHIPS
CONTENTS:
1. Scope
2. General requirements to repairs and repairers
3. Qualification of personnel
3.1 Qualification of welders
3.2 Qualification of welding procedures
3.3 Qualification of NDE operators
4. Materials
4.1 General requirements to materials
4.2 Equivalency of material grades
5. General requirements to welding
5.1 Correlation of welding consumables to hull structural steels
5.2 General requirements to preheating and drying out
5.3 Dry welding on hull plating below the waterline of vessels afloat

Part B 6. Repair quality standard

6.1 Welding, general
6.2 Renewal of plates

Repair Quality Standard 6.3 Doubler on plates

6.4 Renewal of internals/stiffeners
6.5 Renewal of internals/stiffeners - transitions inverted angles/bulb profiles

for 6.6 Termination of straps

6.7 Welding of pitting corrosion
6.8 Welding repairs of cracks
Existing Ships 6.9 Grinding of shallow cracks
REFERENCES
1. IACS “Bulk Carriers - Guidelines for Surveys, Assessment and Repair of Hull
Structure”
2. TSCF “Guidelines for the inspection and maintenance of double hull tanker structures”
3. TSCF “Guidance manual for the inspection and condition assessment of tanker
structures”
4. IACS UR W 11 “Normal and higher strength hull structural steels”
5. IACS UR W 13 “Allowable under thickness tolerances of steel plates and wide flats”
6. IACS UR W 17 “Approval of consumables for welding normal and higher strength hull
structural steels”
7. IACS Z 10.1 “Hull surveys of oil tankers” and Z 10.2 “Hull surveys of bulk carriers”
Table IV
8. IACS UR Z 13 “Voyage repairs and maintenance”
9. IACS Recommendation 12 “Guidelines for surface finish of hot rolled steel plates and
wide flats”
10. IACS Recommendation 20 “Guide for inspection of ship hull welds”
1. Scope sequence of repair is to be submitted to and agreed upon by the Surveyor to the
1.1 This standard provides guidance on quality of repair of hull structures. The Classification Society reasonably in advance of the repairs. See Ref. 8
standard covers permanent repairs of existing ships. 3. Qualification of personnel
Whereas the standard generally applies to 3.1 Qualification of welders
- conventional ship types, 3.1.1 Welders are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the
- parts of hull covered by the rules of the Classification Society, Classification Society or to a recognized national or international standard, e.g. EN
- hull structures constructed from normal and higher strength hull structural steel, the 287, ISO 9606, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other
applicability of the standard is in each case to be agreed upon by the Classification standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation.
Society. Repair yards and workshops are to keep records of welders qualification and,
The standard does generally not apply to repair of when required, furnish valid approval test certificates.
- special types of ships as e.g. gas tankers 3.1.2 Welding operators using fully mechanized of fully automatic processes need
- structures fabricated from stainless steel or other, special types or grades of steel generally not pass approval testing, provided that production welds made by the
1.2 The standard covers typical repair methods and gives guidance on quality operators are of the required quality. However, operators are to receive adequate
standard on the most important aspects of such repairs. Unless explicitly stated training in setting or programming and operating the equipment. Records of
elsewhere in the standard, the level of workmanship reflected herein will in principle be training and production test results shall be maintained on individual operator’s
acceptable for primary and secondary structure of conventional design. A more files and records, and be made available to the Classification Society for
stringent standard may however be required for critical and highly stressed areas of inspection when requested.
the hull, and is to be agreed with the Classification Society in each case. In assessing 3.2 Qualification of welding procedures
the criticality of hull structure and structural components, reference is made to ref. 1, 2 Welding procedures are to be qualified in accordance with the procedures of the
and 3. Classification Society or a recognized national or international standard, e.g.
1.3 Restoration of structure to the original standard may not constitute durable repairs EN288, ISO 9956, ASME Section IX, ANSI/AWS D1.1. Recognition of other
of damages originating from insufficient strength or inadequate detail design. In such standards is subject to submission to the Classification Society for evaluation. The
cases strengthening or improvements beyond the original design may be required. welding
Such improvements are not covered by this standard, however it is referred to ref. 1, 2 procedure should be supported by a welding procedure qualification record. The
and 3. specification is to include the welding process, types of electrodes, weld shape,
edge preparation, welding techniques and positions
2. General requirements for repairs and repairers
3.3 Qualification of NDE operators
2.1 In general, when hull structure covered by classification is to be subjected to 3.3.1 Personnel performing non destructive examination for the purpose of
repairs, the work is to be carried out under the supervision of the Surveyor to the assessing quality of welds in connection with repairs covered by this standard, are
Classification Society. Such repairs are to be agreed prior to commencement of the to be qualified in accordance with the Classification Society rules or to a
work. recognized international or national qualification scheme. Records of operators
and their current certificates are to be kept and made available to the Surveyor for
2.2 Repairs are to be carried out by workshops, repair yards or personnel who have
inspection.
demonstrated their capability to carry out hull repairs of adequate quality in
accordance with the Classification Society’s requirements and this standard. 4. Materials
4.1. General requirements for materials
2.3 Repairs are to be carried out under working conditions that facilitate sound repairs.
4.1.1 The requirements for materials used in repairs are in general the same as
Provisions are to be made for proper accessibility, staging, lighting and ventilation.
the requirements for materials specified in the Classification Society’s rules for
Welding operations are to be carried out under shelter from rain, snow and wind.
new constructions, (ref. 5)
2.4 Welding of hull structures is to be carried out by qualified welders, according to 4.1.2 Replacement material is in general to be of the same grade as the original
approved and qualified welding procedures and with welding consumables approved approved material. Alternatively, material grades complying with recognised
by the Classification Society, see Section 3. Welding operations are to be carried out national or international standards may be accepted by the Classification Societies
under proper supervision of the repair yard. provided such standards give equivalence to the requirements of the original
2.5 Where repairs to hull which affect or may affect classification are intended to be grade or are agreed by the Classification Society. For assessment of equivalency
carried out during a voyage, complete repair procedure including the extent and between steel grades, the general requirements and guidelines in Section 4.2
apply.

4.1.3 Higher tensile steel is not to be replaced by steel of a lesser strength unless Items to be Requirements Comments
specially approved by the Classification Society. considered
Chemical - C; equal or lower The sum of the elements, e.g.
4.1.4 Normal and higher strength hull structural steels are to be manufactured at works
composition - P and S; equal or lower Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo should not
approved by the Classification Society for the type and grade being supplied. - Mn; approximately the same but not exceed 0.8%
exceeding 1.6%
4.1.5 Materials used in repairs are to be certified by the Classification Society applying - Fine grain elements; in same amount
the procedures and requirements in the rules for new constructions. In special cases, - De-oxidation practice
and normally limited to small quantities, materials may be accepted on the basis of Mechanical - Tensile strength; equal or higher Actual yield strength should not
alternative procedures for verification of the material’s properties. Such procedures are properties - Yield strength; equal or higher exceed Classification Society
- Elongation; equal or higher Rule minimum requirements by
subject to agreement by the Classification Society in each separate case. - Impact energy; equal or higher at more than 80 N/mm2
same or lower temperature, where
4.2. Equivalency of material grades applicable
4.2.1 Assessment of equivalency between material grades should at least include the Condition of Same or better Heat treatment in increasing
following aspects; supply order;
- heat treatment/delivery condition - as rolled (AR)
- controlled rolled (CR)
- chemical composition
- normalized (N)
- mechanical properties - thermo-mechanically rolled
- tolerances (TM)1)
- quenched and tempered
4.2.2 When assessing the equivalence between grades of normal or higher strength (QT)1)
hull structural steels up to and including grade E40 in thickness limited to 50 mm, the 1) TM- and QT-steels are not
general requirements in Table 4.1 apply. suitable for hot forming
4.2.3 Guidance on selection of steel grades to certain recognised standards equivalent Tolerances - Same or stricter Permissible under thickness
to hull structural steel grades specified in Classification Societies’ rules is given in tolerances;
Table 4.2 - plates: 0.3 mm
- sections: according to
5. General requirements to welding recognized
standards
5.1 Correlation of welding consumables with hull structural steels
5.1.1 For the different hull structural steel grades welding consumables are to be 4.1 Minimum extent and requirements to assessment of equivalency
selected in accordance with IACS UR W17 (see Ref.5). between normal or higher strength hull structural steel grades
5.2 General requirements to preheating and drying out
5.3.2. Low-hydrogen electrodes or welding processes are to be used when
5.2.1 The need for preheating is to be determined based on the chemical composition
welding on hull plating against water backing. Coated low-hydrogen electrodes
of the materials, welding process and procedure and degree of joint restraint.
used for manual metal arc welding should be properly conditioned to ensure a
5.2.2 A minimum preheat of 50o C is to be applied when ambient temperature is below minimum of moisture content.
0°C. Dryness of the welding zone is in all cases to be ensured. 5.3.3 In order to ensure dryness and to reduce the cooling rate, the structure is to
be preheated by a torch or similar prior to welding, to a temperature of minimum
5.2.3 Guidance on recommended minimum preheating temperature for higher strength 5oC or as specified in the welding procedure.
steel is given in Table 5.1. For automatic welding processes utilizing higher heat input
e.g. submerged arc welding, the temperatures may be reduced by 50o C. For re-
welding or repair of welds, the stipulated values are to be increased by 25 o C.
5.3 Dry welding on hull plating below the waterline of vessels afloat
5.3.1. Welding on hull plating below the waterline of vessels afloat is acceptable only
on normal and higher strength steels with specified yield strength not exceeding 355
MPa and only for local repairs. Welding involving other high strength steels or more
extensive repairs against water backing is subject to special consideration and
approval by the Classification Society of the welding procedure.
 Table 5.1 Preheating temperature

NOTE:
Mn Cr+Mo+V Ni+Cu
1) Ceq = C + —— + ————— + ——— (%)
6 5 15
2) Combined thickness tcomb = t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 , see figure

6. Repair quality standard 6.2 Renewal of plates

6.1 Welding, general

Fig. 6.1 Groove roughness

Item Standard Limit Remarks Fig 6.2 Welding sequence for inserts
Material Grade Same as original See
or higher Section 4 Item Standard Limit Remarks
Welding IACS UR-W17 Approval according. to Size insert Min. 300x300mm Min. 200x200mm
Consumables (ref. 6) equivalent R = 5 x thickness Min R = 100 mm
international standard Circular inserts:
Groove / See note and Fig. d < 1.5 mm Grind smooth Dmin=200mm
roughness 6.1 Material Same as original or See
Pre-Heating See Table 5.1 Steel temperature not Grade higher Section 4
lower than 5oC Edge As for new In case of non
Welding with See Section 5.3 Acceptable for normal -Moisture to Preparation construction compliance
water on the and high strength be removed increase the
outside steels by a heating amount of
torch NDE
Alignment As for new Welding See fig.6.2 For primary
construction sequence Weld sequence is members
Weld finish IACS guide for 1® 2 ® 3 ® 4 sequence 1
inspection of ship and 2
hull welds transverse to
(ref. 10) the main stress
NDE IACS guide At random with extent direction
(ref. 10) to be agreed with Alignment As for new
attending surveyors construction
Weld finish IACS guide for
NOTE : inspection of ship
hull welds (ref. 10)
Slag, grease, loose mill scale, rust and paint, other than primer, to be
NDE IACS guide
removed. (ref. 10)
 6.4 Renewal of internals/stiffeners
6.3 Doublers on plating
Local doublers are normally only allowed as temporary repairs, except as
original compensation for openings, within the main hull structure.

Fig. 6.3 Doublers on plates

Item Standard Limit Remarks Fig 6.4 Welding sequence for inserts of stiffeners
Existing General: For areas where
plating t > 5 mm existing plating is less
than 5mm plating a
permanent repair by Item Standard Limit Remarks
insert is to be carried out.
Size insert Min. 300 mm Min.
Extent/size Rounded off corners. min 300x300mm
R > 50mm 200mm
Thickness of td £ tp (tp = original td > tp/3 Material Same as original or higher See
doubler (td) thickness of existing grade Section 4.
plating ) Edge As for new construction. Fillet weld
Material grade Same as original plate See Section 4 Preparation stiffener web/plate to be released
Edge As for [newbuilding] Doublers welded on over min. d = 150 mm
preparation new construction primary strength
members: (Le: leg Welding See fig.6.4 . Weld sequence is
length) sequence 1® 2 ® 3
when t > Le + 5mm, Alignment As for new construction
the edge to be tapered Weld finish IACS guide for inspection of ship
(1:4)
hull welds (ref. 10)
Welding As for [newbuilding] Welding sequence
new construction similar to insert plates. NDE IACS guide (ref. 10)
Weld size
(throat Circumferencial and in
thickness) slots: 0.6 x td

Slot welding Normal size of slot: Max pitch between For doubler extended
(80-100) x 2 td slots 200mm over several supporting
Distance from doubler dmax = 500mm elements, see figure 6.3
edge and between slots:
d < 15 td
NDE IACS
Recommendation 20
( Ref. 10)

6.5 Renewal of internals/stiffeners - transitions inverted angle/bulb 6.6 Termination of straps

profile Assymmetrical arrangement

The application of the transition is allowed for secondary structural

elements.

Fig. 6.5 Transition between inverted angle and bulb profile

Item Standard Limit Remarks Item Standard Limit Remarks
(h1 - h2) ≤ 0.25 x b1 Tapering /b > 3 Special consideration to be
| t1 - t2| 2 mm Radius 0.1 x b min drawn to design of strap
Transition 15 degrees Without tapering 30mm terminations in fatigue sensitive
angle transition. areas.
Flanges tf = tf2 At any arbitrary Material See paragraph 2.0 General
bf = bf2 section requirement to materials.
Length of flat 4 x h1 Weld size Depending on number and
bar function of straps. Throat
Material See Section 4. thickness to be increased 15 %
toward ends.
Welding Welding See sketch. For welding of
sequence lengths > 1000mm step welding
from middle to be applied.
towards
the free ends
6.7 Welding of pitting corrosion 6. 8 Welding repairs for cracks
NOTES:
Shallow pits may be filled by applying coating or pit filler. Pits can be
defined as shallow when their depth is less than 1/3 of the orginal plate
thickness.

Fig 6.8.c Welding sequence for cracks with length less than 300 mm

Fig. 6.7 Welding of pits

Item Standard Limit Remarks

Extent/depth Pits/grooves are If deep pits or grooves See also IACS
to be welded are clustered together Recommendat Item Standard Limit Remarks
flush with the or remaining thickness is ion 12 Groove q=45-60o For through plate
original surface. less than 6 mm, the plate ( Ref.9) preparation r= 5 mm cracks as for new-
should be renewed. building. Also see fig
6.8.d
Cleaning Heavy rust to be
Termination Termination to have For cracks ending on
removed slope 1:3 edges weld to be
Pre-Heating See Table 5.1 Required when Always use terminated on a tab see
ambient propane torch Fig 6.8.b
temperature < 5oC or similar to Extent On plate max. 400 mm On plate max 500
remove any length. Vee out 50 mm mm. Linear crack,
moisture past end of crack not branched
Welding See fig 6.8.c for For cracks longer Always use low
Welding Reverse See also IACS sequence sequence and than 300 mm stepback hydrogen welding
sequence direction for guide no. 12 direction technique consumables
each layer should be used Fig
Weld finish IACS guide for Preferably MPI 6.8.a
inspection of Weld finish IACS guide for
ship hull welds inspection of ship hull
welds (ref. 10)
(ref. 10)
NDE IACS guide (ref.10) 100 % MP or PE of 100 % surface crack
NDE IACS guide (ref. Min. 10% extent groove detection + UE or RE
10) for butt joints

6.9 Grinding of shallow cracks

Main stress direction

Final grinding direction Max. grinding

Fig 6.9 Grinding

Item Standard Limit Remarks

Extent For short cracks only Max. length See also IACS
max. 4 t 100 mm recommendation 12,
t = Plate thickness (ref. 9)
Grinding Final grinding Grinding always to be
direction microgrooves parallel finished by a rotating
to main stress burr and not a disk
direction grinde
Grinding Max. 0.2 t Always smooth
depth t = Plate thickness transition
NDE IACS guide for 100 % MPI
inspection of ship hull
welds (ref. 10)