SPECIALIZED

CRIME
INVESTIGATION
At the end of the lesson , the students
should be able to:

Explain the Process of Criminal

01 Investigation

Enumerate the Criminal Investigator’s

02 Responsibilities and Esssential Qualities
 REPORTERS

MALINDOG, ALENTON, PAMADO,

ERIKA SHANNE LIEZLIE L. CYRUS
Follow-Up
Investigation
is further examination of a
crime or incident after the
initial report.
 How do follow-up investigations
work?

Collect Interview
What Do Lawyers Conduct
Do? Analyze
evidence witnesses surveillances evidence

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Responsibilities of the investigator when receiving a
case for investigation:
Becoming thoroughly familiary with
initial report.

Viewing all evidence in the case that may

overlooked during the preliminary investigation.

Coordinate with the preliminary investigator.

Evaluating the legal significant of any victims or witnesses

statements.

Attempting to identity and arrest the suspect based on review

all the evidence connected with the case.
 TOOLS OF
INVESTIGATION

INFORMATION INTERVIEW INSTRUMENTATION

TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION
THE THREE I’S OF INVESTIGATION;
This refers to the data gathered by an
investigator from either regular or cultivated
INFORMATION sources including the victim themselves; and
from public and private records; Modus
Operandi Files Arrest Records and Rogue
Gallery

This refers to skillful questioning of suspects

and witnesses believed to possess knowledge
INTERVIEW hat is of official interest to the investigator. It
includes so called interrogations which are
actually interviews that elicit information from
witnesses and volunteers, paid or confidential
informants.
TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION
THE THREE I’S OF INVESTIGATION;

INSTRUMENTATION This refers to the use of forensic

technology as a tool in the examination
of physical evidence using established
methods.
 PROTOCOL 1
Jurisdictional Investigation by the
territorial unit

PROTOCOL 2

PROTOCOLS IN
Official Police Blotter

CRIMINAL PROTOCOL 3
INVESTIGATION Investigation team organization and
equipment

PROTOCOL 4
Duties of the first Responder
 PROTOCOL 5
Duties and Responsibility of the
Investigating Team

PROTOCOL 6

PROTOCOLS IN
Investigation of Suspects

CRIMINAL PROTOCOL 7
INVESTIGATION Taking of Sworn Statement of
Suspects

PROTOCOL 8
Taking Sworn statement of Witness
 PROTOCOL 9
Preparation of Reports and Filling
of Charges

PROTOCOL 10

PROTOCOLS IN
Procedure in the Release of Crime
Scene
CRIMINAL PROTOCOL 11
INVESTIGATION Follow-up of Case

PROTOCOL 12
Preparation of Case Investigation
Plan(CIPlan)
 PROTOCOL 13
Attendance to Court Duties

PROTOCOL 14

PROTOCOLS IN
Uniform of the Investigator

CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
UNDERSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS
OF HUMAN NATURE

MAN IS A CREATURE The use of Modus Operandi (MO) is based on this

OF HABIT principle. MO is the way a criminal commits the
crime step-by-step. It is the outward behavior, not
a mental process.

PERSONAL There is no typical criminal or typical criminal

personality. A criminal’s occupation, upbringing,
EMOTIONS and/or personality can run the entire gamut of
humanity. Lawyers, doctors, and ministers can all
be a potential suspect.
UNDERSTANDING CHARACTERISTICS
OF HUMAN NATURE

PERSONAL BIASES Everyone has their own personal biases which

OR PREJUDICE influence them in their everyday lives. Often, we
are unaware of the influence that our biases have
on our actions and decisions.

People who have similar experiences and

GROUP backgrounds tend to develop common beliefs
and attitudes. These attitudes cause them to filter
PERCEPTION
out certain types of information and become
highly sensitive to other types of information. This
is due to common experiences, age, professional
backgrounds, education, or socialization.
 PEOPLE MAY LIE
FREEDOM
MONEY
REPUTATION
PROTECTION
RELATIONSHIP
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
COMPONENTS
AND PROCESSING
CRIME SCENE A crime scene is a place or venue where the alleged crime,
incident or event has been committed (PNP, 2011). It can
comprise several sites and encompasses all areas over which
victims, criminals, and eyewitnesses move during the
commission of a crime. When committing a crime, the
perpetrator may inadvertently leave evidence in the crime
scene. It is therefore important that once its position and
boundaries are defined, the scene must be made secure in
order for physical evidence to be discovered and collected
(Osterburg & Ward. 2010).
 SUCCESSFUL CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION ELEMENTS
(FISHER, TILSTONE, & WOYTOWICZ, 2009)

PROTECTION What Do LawyersSYSTEMATIC

DOCUMENTATION Do? APPROPRIATE
OF THE SCENE OF THE SCENE SEARCHING EVIDENCE CARE

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CRIME SCENE Refers to the post-incident police operational

INVESTIGATION
procedures undertaken at the crime scene
when a crime has been committed. It involves a
(CSI) comprehensive inquiry of a crime by conducting
a systematic procedure of various investigative
methodologies which involves recovery of physical
and testimonial evidence for the purpose of
identifying the witnesses and arrest of perpetrator(s)
for prosecution.
 THREE COMPONENTS OF
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

FIRST SCENE OF THE

INVESTIGATOR-
CRIMES
RESPONDER ON-CASE OPERATION
(FR) (IOC) (SOCO) TEAM
FIRST RESPONDER The PNP’s first responders are those mandated and

(FR) expected to be the first to respond

to calls for assistance in cases of incidents or crime.
They generally refer to police officers who
have jurisdiction of the area where the incident or
crime has taken place and will proceed to
the crime scene to render assistance to the victim
and to protect and secure the incident scene.
FR STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES
First police officers to arrive at crime scene are the
FRs dispatched.

Immediately, the FR shall conduct a preliminary evaluation of

the crime scene.

The FR is mandated to save and preserve life by giving the necessary

first aid measures to the injured and their medical evacuation as
necessary.

The FR shall likewise secure and preserve the crime scene by cordoning
off the area to prevent unauthorized entry of persons.

The FR shall take the “Dying Declaration” in case there are severely injured
persons.
 REQUISITES OF A “DYING DECLARATION”

That the declaration

That at the time the That the declaration
That the is offered in a
declaration was must concern the
What Do Lawyersdeclarant
Do? criminal case for
made, the declarant cause and is
homicide, murder,
was under a surrounding competent as a or parricide, in
consciousness of an circumstances of the witness which the declarant
impending death declarant's death
is a victim.

1 2 3 4
FR STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES
If and when there is a suspect present in the areas,
the first responder shall arrest, detain, and remove
the suspect from the area

Upon the arrival of the IOC, the FR shall turn over the crime
scene to him or her after giving a brief of the situation.

The FR shall prepare and submit the “CSI Form 1: First Responder’s
Form” to the IOC and be prepared to assist the IOC in the
investigation; and

The FR shall stay in the crime scene to assist the IOC in the maintenance
of security, crowd control, preservation of evidence, and custody of
witnesses and suspects

Investigation is completed and is temporarily turned over to the local chief of

police for the continuance of crime scene security.
INVESTIGATOR- Refers to the duty investigator duly assigned or

ON-CASE designated to conduct the inquiry of the crime by

following a systematic set of procedures and
(IOC) methodologies for the purpose of identifying
witnesses, recovering evidence, arresting, and
prosecuting the perpetrators. The IOC shall
assume full responsibility over the crime scene
during the conduct of the CSI.
IOC STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES
Upon arrival at the crime scene, the IOC shall
request for a briefing from the FR and make a
quick assessment of the crime.

The IOC shall assume full responsibility over the crime scene
and shall conduct a thorough assessment of the scene and
inquiry into the incident.

Based on the assessment, if the IOC determines that a SOCO Team is

required, he shall report the matter to the chief of police and request
for SOCO assistance.

Upon the arrival of the SOCO Team, the IOC shall accomplish a request
for the conduct of SOCO and submit it to the SOCO team leader.

The IOC shall brief the SOCO Team upon their arrival at the crime scene
and shall jointly conduct the preliminary crime scene survey
SCENES OF THE
CRIME OPERATION The Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) refers to
the functional capability of the PNP Crime
(SOCO Laboratory performed by its trained personnel
through the recognition, methodical search, proper
documentation/recording and collection of
physical evidence at the crime scene.
SOCO STANDARD OPERATING
PROCEDURES
The SOCO Team shall not join any operations
conducted by the local police or accompany
the FRs or the IOC in going to the crime scene

Upon receipt of the request for the conduct of SOCO, the

SOCO Team shall then conduct the scene-of-the-crime
operations

In case the SOCO Team needs to temporarily suspend the processing,

the chief of police shall be primarily responsible and accountable
for securing the crime scene.

After the termination of the SOCO, the SOCO Team Leader shall brief the
IOC on the initial results and thereafter conduct the final crime scene
survey together with the IOC.

The SOCO Team shall accomplish the SOCO report forms and furnish the
IOC of copies of the same before leaving the crime scene.
TERRITORIAL
POLICE The police units which has
territorial jurisdiction in
which the crime has been
committed
Release of the Crime Scene
 ACCORDING TO TIME OF
COMMISSION
DAY TIME CRIME
SCENE

SUNRISE TO SUNSET
(6:00 AM - 6:00 PM)
 ACCORDING TO TIME OF
COMMISSION
NIGHT TIME CRIME
SCENE

SUNSET TO SUNRISE
(6:00 PM - 6:00 AM)
 ACCORDING TO
LOCATION
INDOOR CRIME
SCENE
 ACCORDING TO
LOCATION
OUTDOOR CRIME
SCENE
 ACCORDING TO
LOCATION
CONTINUING CRIME
SCENE
 ACCORDING TO
LOCATION
SPECIAL CRIME
SCENE
 ACCORDING TO SOURCES
OF EVIDENCE
PRIMARY CRIME
SCENE
 ACCORDING TO SOURCES
OF EVIDENCE
SECONDARY CRIME
SCENE
 Processing a crime scene refers to the application of diligent
CRIME SCENE and careful methods by an investigator to recognize,

PROCESSING
identify, preserve, and collect facts and items of
evidentiary value that may assist in reconstructing that
which actually occurred. Successful processing also
depends upon the investigator’s ability to protect, preserve
and later, to present these evidences in a logical manner.
This requires making careful and detailed notes,
sketches and written statements; transcribing verbal
statements from witnesses and suspects; and marking
and preserving collected physical objects of evidentiary
nature (PNP, 2011)
ASSESSING The investigator-on-case must first assess the
circumstances in order to decide on a proper
course of action. Assessment in terms of the extent
of and complexity of the crime scene begins the
processing task and defines what procedures will
be employed such as how resources will be
utilized and how risks can be mitigated.
OBSERVING Observing entails looking and mentally registering the
condition of the scene and artifacts found there. In
most instances, this activity is nonintrusive. However,
when investigators move around the crime scene or when
they attempt to better observe certain items of interest,
this presents opportunities that could add, move or
damage evidence. They must consciously act to reduce
the intrusiveness of observation by limiting movement
within the crime scene (Gardner, 2005)
DOCUMENTING Documentation includes the
preparation of written reports of
the investigator’s observation,
photographing and videotaping of
the scene, and the creation of
sketches.
SEARCHING
The actual search begins after the
documentation of the crime scene.
There are many
different ways to search the scene for
evidence, depending on the types of
crime scenes or the
evidence at hand.
COLLECTING Collection of evidence is accomplished after
the search is completed. Once collected, an
item cannot be placed back into the scene
for documentation. If the item is moved prior
to documentation, then the investigator will
have to live with the mistake and simply
provide whatever written documentation is
possible regarding its original location or
condition (Gardner, 2005).
ANALYZING This activity refers to the actual processing of
evidence by evaluating the context of a
scene and the physical evidence found there
in an effort to identify what occurred and in
what order it occurred. This is like putting
together pieces of a jigsaw puzzle to solve the
crime.
 END
OF
LESSON