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Subalgebra3

A subalgebra is a subset of an algebra that is closed under its operations and retains the induced operations. In the context of algebras over a ring or field, a subalgebra is a vector subspace closed under vector multiplication. The document also provides examples and discusses the concept of unital subalgebras.

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3 views

Subalgebra3

A subalgebra is a subset of an algebra that is closed under its operations and retains the induced operations. In the context of algebras over a ring or field, a subalgebra is a vector subspace closed under vector multiplication. The document also provides examples and discusses the concept of unital subalgebras.

Uploaded by

denniskwgu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subalgebra

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In mathematics, a subalgebra is a subset of an algebra, closed under all its


operations, and carrying the induced operations.

"Algebra", when referring to a structure, often means a vector space or


module equipped with an additional bilinear operation. Algebras in universal
algebra are far more general: they are a common generalisation of all
algebraic structures. "Subalgebra" can refer to either case.

Subalgebras for algebras over a ring or field

A subalgebra of an algebra over a commutative ring or field is a vector


subspace which is closed under the multiplication of vectors. The restriction
of the algebra multiplication makes it an algebra over the same ring or field.
This notion also applies to most specializations, where the multiplication
must satisfy additional properties, e.g. to associative algebras or to Lie
algebras. Only for unital algebras is there a stronger notion, of unital
subalgebra, for which it is also required that the unit of the subalgebra be
the unit of the bigger algebra.

Example

The 2×2-matrices over the reals R form a four-dimensional unital algebra


M(2,R) in the obvious way. The 2×2-matrices for which all entries are zero,
except for the first one on the diagonal, form a subalgebra. It is also unital,
but it is not a unital subalgebra.

The identity element of M(2,R) is the identity matrix I , so the unital


subalgebras contain the line of diagonal matrices {x I : x in R}. For two-
dimensional subalgebras, consider

In universal algebra, a subalgebra of an algebra A is a subset S of A that


also has the structure of an algebra of the same type when the algebraic
operations are restricted to S. If the axioms of a kind of algebraic structure is
described by equational laws, as is typically the case in universal algebra,
then the only thing that needs to be checked is that S is closed under the
operations.

Some

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