QUESTIONS

1. Using your knowledge of chemical calculation and reaction stoichiometry, answer the
following questions.
(a) Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of CoSO4. [2 marks]

(b) Calculate the mass percentage of oxygen, O in citric acid, C6H8O7. [2 marks]

(c) A sample of strontium has three stable isotopes (Table 1). Using this data, calculate
the percentage of missing strontium isotope and relative atomic mass (Ar) of Sr.
[3 marks]
Table 1. Isotopes of strontium

Isotope Percentage, %
86Sr
To be calculated
87Sr
12.1
88Sr
82.0

(d) A new compound composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and sulphur was
prepared in the lab. Elemental analysis showed that it contains 37.08% of C, 5.15
% of H, 24.72 % of O and 33.05% of S. Determine the empirical formula of this
compound.
[3 marks]

(e) Calculate the number of molecules in 5.0 g of N2O3. The Avogadro constant is
NA=6.022∙1023 mol-1.
[3 marks]
2. Using your knowledge of energetics of chemical reactions answer the following
questions.

(a) Write the equation for the enthalpy of formation of citric acid C6H8O7 (solid, s),
including state symbols.
[2 marks]

(b) Using the Table 2, calculate the value of enthalpy of combustion of propanal
C3H6O. Balanced equation with bond types within the molecules is given below.

Table 2. Selected bond enthalpies in kJ mol‒1

Bond C-H C-C O=O O-H C=O
Bond enthalpy/ kJ mol–1 412 348 498 464 805

[3 marks]

(c) From the following reactions:

OF2(g) + H2O(l) → O2(g) +2HF(g) H1°= ─276.6 kJ mol-1

SF4(g) + 2H2O(l) → 4HF(g)+SO2(g) H2°= ─827.5 kJ mol-1

S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) H3°= ─296.9 kJ mol-1

Calculate the enthalpy change H° for the reaction:

2OF2(g) + 2S(s) → SO2(g) + SF4(g)
[4 marks]
 (d) Using the Table 3 and enthalpies of formation, calculate the reaction enthalpy:
2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) → C2H5OH(s) + 3O2(g)

Table 3. Selected enthalpies of formation in kJ mol‒1

Element / Compound C2H5OH CO2 H2O O2

Enthalpy of formation, ─235 ─394 ─242 0
Hf (kJ mol–1)

[2 marks]

3. Using your knowledge about acids and bases answer the following questions.

(a) 20.0 cm3 of unknown solution of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) was titrated with a
standard solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH, c=0.125 mol dm-3). Write the
equation of this reaction. Using results of titration from the table 4, calculate the
unknown concentration of sulphuric acid.
[4 marks]
Table 4. Titration volumes for KOH in cm3

Titration Volume of KOH in cm3

1 17.8
2 17.7
3 17.7

(b) Calculate the pH of water at 30°C if Kw has value of 1.47∙10-14 mol2 dm-6.
[2 marks]

(c) Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, is a weak organic acid. Write the equation of
dissociation of this acid in solution and explain which acids are considered as
weak.
[2 marks]
 1 2
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1.00794 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.941 9.012182 10.811 12.0107 14.00674 15.9994 18.9984032 20.1797
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.989770 24.3050 26.981538 28.0855 30.973761 32.066 35.4527 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.0983 40.078 44.955910 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.938049 55.845 58.933200 58.6934 63.546 65.39 69.723 72.61 74.92160 78.96 79.904 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.4678 87.62 88.90585 91.224 92.90638 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.90550 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.710 121.760 127.60 126.90447 131.29
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.90545 137.327 138.9055 178.49 180.9479 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.078 196.96655 200.59 204.3833 207.2 208.98038 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (263) (262) (265) (266) (269) (272) (277)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
140.116 140.90765 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.92534 162.50 164.93032 167.26 168.93421 173.04 174.967
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
232.0381 231.03588 238.0289 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)

1995 IUPAC masses and Approved Names from http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/

masses for 107-111 from C&EN, March 13, 1995, p. 35
112 from http://www.gsi.de/z112e.html